CN101533503A - Method and system for mitigating risk in issuing only windstorm insurance - Google Patents
Method and system for mitigating risk in issuing only windstorm insurance Download PDFInfo
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- CN101533503A CN101533503A CNA2009101346203A CN200910134620A CN101533503A CN 101533503 A CN101533503 A CN 101533503A CN A2009101346203 A CNA2009101346203 A CN A2009101346203A CN 200910134620 A CN200910134620 A CN 200910134620A CN 101533503 A CN101533503 A CN 101533503A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for mitigating risk in issuing only windstorm insurance, the method for mitigating risk in issuing windstorm insurance comprising: submitting a request for only the windstorm insurance; determining if a building complies with a predetermined set of parameters; approving the request for only the windstorm insurance if materials complying with the requirement are used when the building is constructed; and issuing only the windstorm insurance.
Description
The application of cross reference
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Patent Application submitted on February 8th, 2008 number 61/027,350 and in 61/035,537 the right of priority that on March 11st, 2008 submitted to, is incorporated herein the full content of the two.
Background technology
1, technical field
Disclosing of the application relates generally in order to alleviate the method and system of (mitigate) risk, so that the underwriter can sign and issue the insurance of the only windage loss that is used for high wind zone (for example being subject to the coastland of tropical storm or hurricane influence).Especially, the installation of signing and issuing by the building system (for example foam of wind resistance suction (wind uplift)) that meets the predetermined parameters set that alleviates and insure of risk causes.
2, the discussion of background technology
As everyone knows, the huge suction of strong wind generation from storm and hurricane is easy to make side wall to break away from building structure.The building structure meeting that is in the Caribbean on the annual hurricane track or the U.S. southeastern coastal areas meets with such wind suction, and it causes the structural failure of buildings and final property loss.
The main failure position of buildings is separation layer (insulation) or the platform (deck) that is subject to the building structure of wind suction destruction especially during hurricane.When the separation layer of building structure or platform were removed in storm, rainwater entered into buildings, usually causes the total loss of buildings and its interior items.Wind suction destruction to building structure has many reasons, comprising: the securing member spacing of the securing member of incorrect tightening technology, mistake, mistake and bad technology.Separation layer or isolation surface or barrier film destroy or bad technology also can make wind rise and blow out (blow-off).
The availability of property insurance and paying ability (affordability) remain serious problem with regard to the buildings owner in the high wind zone.Current insurance and building method and process can not combine with mitigation and reduce premium of insurance.Current approach and process can be very expensive, and have high deductible excess (deductible), limited insurance coverage or insurance coverage is not available.
Current insurance and construction process and method are very random, the probability that pay close attention to take place, and less relevance alleviates effectively or eliminates blowing off of roof during the high wind incident.An example is the expense and the shortage of the property insurance of the hurricane current existence in Florida State and Louisiana later in season.Other example is the insurance slip of having to help insurance company to extricate oneself from a predicament and governmental investment is provided in each state of supporting with government (insurance policy).In addition, owing to lack the insurance ability in the high wind zone, in any case sometimes also can't obtain property insurance.
The inventor finds to utilize in building structure unique satisfactory (compliant) material (comprising the wind resistance suction foam that for example is attached to building structure) can be reduced in the risk that this building structure is started during the blast condition significantly, sign and issue risk for insurance thereby alleviate, once be difficult to the insurance of the windage loss of containing building structure that obtains thus, become possibility now.
The disclosure provides many advantages for the property insurance industry.It meets cost benefit, has increased the ability of insuring availability and having improved the property insurance industry.It is such business process and method, and promptly it combines property insurance supplier, buildings contractor and polyurethane spray foam technology to alleviate building destruction and the loss during the high wind incident.Its advantage that also has is to be used also only windburn (windonly) insurance is put on market and sold as Additional Services by polyurethane spray foam user (applicator).Such high wind adaptability building materials makes the insurer to provide by their product of variation, and wherein Zhi Qian insurance risk once made such product provide impossible.
The disclosure also provides many other advantages, and it will become obvious by following description.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method that alleviates risk when the issuing only windstorm insurance comprises: submit to the only request of windstorm insurance; Determine whether buildings meets the predetermined parameters set; If when construction of buildings, used satisfactory material, then ratify the only request of windstorm insurance; And issuing only windstorm insurance.This method also comprises: if used undesirable material when construction of buildings, then arrange field investigation.This method also comprises: after arranging field investigation, carry out the analysis to any buildings; Alternatively, select satisfactory material; And satisfactory material is installed.
Preferably, the predetermined parameters set comprises the installation of wind resistance suction foam.In addition, satisfactory material comprises wind resistance suction foam.Wind resistance suction foam comprises the rigid seal cell foam, comprises (a) gas-development agent, and (b) is selected from least a compound in the group that comprises following material: polyurethane and/or poly-isocyanurate polymkeric substance or its combination.
Preferably, gas-development agent is to be selected from least a in the group that comprises following material: 1, and 1-two fluoro-1-fluoroethanes (HCFC-141b); 1,1,1,2-HFC-134a (HFC-134a); 1,1,1,2-HFC-134a (HFC-134); 1-chloro-1,1-Difluoroethane (HCFC-142b); 1,1,1,3,3-3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc); 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-propane (HFC-227ea); Difluoroethane (HCFC-142b); 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro propyl group-1-alkene (HFO-1234yf), 1,2,3,3,3-five fluoropropyls-1-alkene (HFO-1225ye), 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro propyl-1-alkene (HFO-1233zd), 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro propyl group-1-alkene (HFO-1234ze), 1,1,1,4,4, the combination of 4-hexafluoro butyl-2-alkene (HFO-1336mzzm (e) and HFO-1336mzzm (z)), water, formic acid, carbon dioxide, ester, chlorocarbon, ether, fluoro-ether and aforesaid arbitrary substance.
Preferably, gas-development agent is selected from and comprises 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and 1,1,1,3, the group of 3-3-pentafluorobutane and composition thereof.A kind of preferred blowing agent is 1,1,1,3, the 3-pentafluoropropane.
Described foam comprises the compound that is selected from the group that comprises following material: co-foaming agent, surfactant, polymer modifiers, toughner, colorant, dyestuff, solubilizer, rheology modifier, plastifier, fire retardant, antiseptic, visbreaking modifier, filling agent, vapour pressure correctives, nucleator, catalyzer and their combination.
Alternatively, submit request to via the Internet application or the application of paper spare.This method also comprises: before the issuing only windstorm insurance, investigate to determine whether to satisfy all underwriting standards.
Comprise a kind of method that is used for the issuing only windstorm insurance according to additional embodiments of the present disclosure, comprising: building system is installed; Confirm that building system meets the predetermined parameters set; And issuing only windstorm insurance.
Also have another embodiment to comprise a kind of comprehensive system that alleviates windburn danger (wind risk), comprising: buildings insulation blocking surface; And windstorm insurance only.Buildings insulation blocking surface comprises: the product and the building system that alleviate the windburn danger.The product that alleviates the windburn danger comprises the rigid seal cell foam, comprises (a) gas-development agent, and (b) is selected from least a compound in the group that comprises following material: polyurethane, poly-isocyanurate, phenol, thermoplastic resin polymkeric substance and their combination.
Another embodiment relates to the insurance products that alleviates the windburn danger, comprising: guarantee can not be shifted owing to wind resistance suction material makes building system under wind action.
A kind of computer-readable recording medium that comprises the executable computer program instruction, described computer program instructions make disposal system carry out the method that is used for alleviating risk when the issuing only windstorm insurance when being performed, and comprising: receive the only request of windstorm insurance; Determine whether buildings meets the predetermined parameters set; If when construction of buildings, used satisfactory material, then ratify the only request of windstorm insurance; And issuing only windstorm insurance.This storage medium also comprises: if used undesirable material when construction of buildings, then arrange field investigation.Also comprise: after arranging field investigation, carry out analysis any buildings; Alternatively, select satisfactory material; And satisfactory material is installed.
By understanding other purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage with reference to following accompanying drawing and detailed description.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 describes the block diagram that insurance according to the present invention is signed and issued;
Fig. 2 is the block diagram that is suitable for using according to the computer system of method of the present disclosure;
Fig. 3 is the figure according to building system of the present disclosure; And
Fig. 4 is the block diagram that illustrates according to the Internet property quotation (quotation) process of embodiment of the present disclosure.
Embodiment
The disclosure is applicable to the buildings owner, the insurer, reinsurer, middle man, contractor, foam supplier, architect, slip-stick artist, lessee and the building destruction that causes owing to high wind meets with any other people or the entity of risk.
In an embodiment who for example is applicable to the insurer, the disclosure relates to a kind of method that alleviates risk when the issuing only windstorm insurance, comprising: receive the only request of windstorm insurance; Determine whether building system meets the predetermined parameters set; The issuing only windstorm insurance; Insure any risk alternatively again, just, risk for insurance is expanded to reinsurer group, for example a plurality of insurers.The method that also has another kind to sign and issue this windstorm insurance is the selected colony by the insurance agent through permitting, wherein:
(1) specifies one or more insurance agents through permission;
(2) set up facility or insurance program standard, including, but not limited to: (a) distribute the insurance responsibility (for example to give external failsafe company, AIG or ACE), perhaps externally divide the insurance responsibility between insurance company (one or more) and the subsidiary insurance people (for example Alchem), and (b) be based upon to sign and issue and need the minimum insurance standard (for example actual field investigation) that satisfies before the insurance;
(3) middle man or the insurer sign and issue insurance; And
(4) middle man or the insurer collect premium of insurance to the insured, and handle claim and statement registration demand.
Yet if satisfactory material has been installed, the insurer's underwriter can ratify the only request of windstorm insurance.If building system does not meet the predetermined parameters set, the insurer or middle man (depending on the circumstances) can arrange field investigation so.This method also comprises the existing building system that analyzes; Alternatively, select material to correct undesirable part; And satisfactory material is installed in building system, just, wind resistance suction material is installed, for example rigid seal unit spray foam.
Before signing and issuing, insurance should check and verify following about building assemblies.The specification accordance (compliance) of platform or wall, the specification accordance of separation layer and the specification accordance of surperficial barrier film/coating should satisfy all industry standards.Should check buildings, but and buildings should be in the guaranteed conditions of manufacturer of supply building system.
The contractor who is proposed should provide in nature be proposed physiognomy like, the information relevant with project, comprise the address and the people that will be got in touch.Some manufacturers of polyurethane spray foam system and/or protective finish have approval procedure and/or the Licensing Methods that possibility needs.
Manufacturer's qualification: isocyanurate foam and protective finish manufacturer should show the source of fund of the material that is enough to provide relevant this project and the evidence of production equipment.Should require permit (people), should submit enough bulleted lists to, assurance and certification (code approval) are for checking.
Check: isocyanurate foam and protective finish manufacturer will provide titular representative to monitor and check the installation of its product.Recommend the third party of manufacturer to check installation.Manufacturer's its product of will witnessing meets the tables of data or the permit of the announcement of specified material.This will comprise priming paint (if necessary), isocyanurate foam and protective finish.
The wiring layout of sheet metal, annex or other assembly parts.
The application of manufacturer or mounting list.
Contractor/user from isocyanurate foam supplier and/or protective finish manufacturer proves, and the evidence of contractor/user qualification and qualifications and record of service.
The sample of the suitable assurance of project.
If need, for the place that is suitable for or national regulation and/or acceptable approval and the data directory of insurance.
The safety of storage, processing and materials used and processing spec comprise suitable Sheets (MSDS).
Be used to guarantee the correct preparation of isocyanurate foam and protective finish and the on-the-spot Quality Control Procedure of installation, details work and subsequent examination by contractor/user.
In being applicable to another embodiment of the buildings owner or tenant, the disclosure relates to the method that alleviates risk, comprising: submit to the only request of windstorm insurance; Submission is to the only application of windstorm insurance; Alternatively, carry out site inspection to realize whether the building system of determining current installation meets the predetermined parameters set; Alternatively, promotion is to the installation of satisfactory roof system; The acceptance of risk; And alternatively, premium payment.If be damaged owing to windage loss makes buildings, this process also comprises the application of claim and the granting of Claim Payment so.
In for example being applicable to another embodiment of contractor, the disclosure relates to a kind of method that alleviates risk, comprising: submit the proposal that building system is installed to; Alternatively, determine whether the existing building system meets the predetermined parameters set; Alternatively, carry out site inspection to realize determining whether building system meets the predetermined parameters set; Alternatively, satisfactory material is installed; Submission is to the only application of windstorm insurance; The acceptance of risk; And alternatively, premium payment.If owing to this satisfactory material causes occurring building destruction, this process also will comprise the application of claim and the granting of Claim Payment so.
In yet another embodiment, the disclosure relates to a kind of insurance products that makes provides diversified method, except that simple buildings inspection, also to comprise inspection of property and damage control service, rearranging of shrub and near rearranging of house dangerous container (for example propane container or the like) around for example inspection of tank, the house.
Each step that receives, announces, distributes, asks, determines, ratifies, signs and issues, dispatches and insure can both finish with any way known in the art, including, but not limited to: electronically is (for example, the Internet, fax or other any known electric transmission system), mail, courier, individual send (for example, in person) etc.
The predetermined parameters set comprises the installation of the foaming system of wind resistance suction.Satisfactory material comprises wind resistance suction foam.
Wind resistance suction foam comprises rigid seal cell foam layer, and wherein building system comprises: (a) rigid seal cell foam (for example rigid seal unit spray foam); And (b) concrete platform or wall, wherein rigid seal cell foam layer invests on platform or the wall, preferably passes through spray application.
Rigid seal cell foam (being also referred to as rigid seal unit spray foam) comprises (a) gas-development agent, and (b) at least a be selected from comprise following material the compound of group: polyurethane and/or poly-isocyanurate polymkeric substance or their combination.Well known to a person skilled in the art the foam potpourri of poly-isocyanurate and polyether polyols with reduced unsaturation typically that is called as polyisocyanurate foam.
Any known gas-development agent that can be used in polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate polymkeric substance and other adjuvants may be used among the present invention.
Gas-development agent is a preferred blowing agent.
This method also can may further comprise the steps: before issuing only roof windstorm insurance, examine (review) to determine whether to satisfy all conventional building instruance standards, just, use location-appropriate, the electronic system of shrub around tank through identifying, the house to meet near the location-appropriate of dangerous container (for example propane container or the like) current standard, suitable platform support and the house.
In addition, the disclosure relates to the automatic purchase through the insurance of the roof system of being built by satisfactory material of permission.
By 1 explaining three examples that the present invention, Fig. 1 have described to alleviate the high wind risk and signed and issued the insurance of containing the buildings roof system better with reference to the accompanying drawings.First embodiment of the present disclosure comprises: request insurance 1, and succeeded by submitting application for insurance 3 to.The application 3 submitted after, the underwriter examines application for insurance 5, and alternatively, carries out facility field investigation 7.If carried out facility field investigation 7, then carry out structure analysis 9 to current roof system by the overlooker.Do not meet the predetermined parameters set if check the roof system of determining current installation, then the buildings owner can select complete satisfactory roof system 11.In case selected satisfactory roof system, then can employ the roof contractor that satisfactory roof system 13 is installed.In case satisfactory roof system has been installed, then can acceptance of risk application 15 and can sign and issue insurance 17.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, insurance joint venture or insurance agent can promote roof windstorm insurance 21 to the buildings owner by sending insurance slip motion 23.Insurance contract sent to the buildings owner 25 for execution thereafter.When receiving executed insurance contract, begin to insure accordance examination 27 to determine whether roof system comprises the material that meets the requirements that satisfies or surpass the predetermined parameters set.If then sign and issue insurance slip 29.
Another embodiment described in Fig. 1 relates to a kind of contractor sells insurance products with its roof contract method 31.Just, the contractor proposes the roof to the buildings owner proposal 33 is installed.If the owner accepts this proposal, then the formal contract that will serve and insure sends to this owner for carrying out 35.In case both sides have carried out contract, then the contractor just installs roof 37.Thereafter, the underwriter of insurance carries out roof inspection 39 and comprises the satisfactory material that satisfies or surpass the preset parameter set to guarantee roof system.If satisfactory material satisfies or surpasses the preset parameter set, then the insurer signs and issues insurance slip and gives the buildings owner 41.
Tediously long for fear of task can be carried out all method steps that run through each embodiment that the application discusses by one or more individualities, group or computing machine.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram that is suitable for adopting computer system 200 of the present invention.System 200 comprises user interface 205, processor 210 and storer 215.Can be on mini-computer realization system 200.Although system 200 is described to independent system here, be not limited thereto, can be implemented as Distributed Computer System (not shown) as an alternative via network.
When program 220 was represented as the assembly of storer 215, it can be configured on the storage medium 225, for after this being loaded in the storer 215.Storage medium 225 can be the arbitrary conventional storage medium such as tape, optical storage media, CD or floppy disk.Replacedly, storage medium 225 can be the electronic memory that is positioned on the remote memory system (not shown) and is coupled to random access memory or other type of storer 215.
Fig. 3 is the block diagram that the program, chance (opportunity) and the solution that provide when signing and issuing are provided on commercial roof.Subject matter is to lack in this zone available insurance slip, especially in the maritime province that is subject to the blast influence, even the insurance that has also shortage to be affordable, and only lack at the problems referred to above by that be easy to get and solution cost-effective insurance are provided to the buildings owner who adopts satisfactory rigid seal cell foam material in the assembling of its building system with when making.This building system comprises platform or wall 301, spraying polyurethane rigid seal cell foam 303 and coating for surface protection 305.
Building system
Building system comprises: (i) platform or wall; (ii) rigid seal cell foam; And (iii) alternatively, be arranged in rigid seal cell foam outside surface and suffer the protection surface of ultraviolet degradation, for example barrier film/coat system to prevent it.This buildings is also used these two applicable to commercial and residential building applicable to structure new and renovation.
(i)-platform
Platform is to apply the substrate thereon of rigid seal cell foam.Typically, this platform is made up of concrete, timber, iron and steel, compound substance such as wood-fiber board, but also can comprise other substrate with bonding separation layer and waterproof material ability.Preferred concrete platform.The making of these platforms is as known in the art.
(ii)-the rigid seal cell foam
Sealing unit spraying polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foam, comprise they in the house separation layer is used prescription and use, be well known in the art.Usually, prepare polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam by combination (1) isocyanates, (2) polyvalent alcohol, (3) gas-development agent and optional (4) other adjuvant.Each and the preparation described hereinafter in these compositions are used for the polyurethane of buildings isolation applications and the disposal route of polyisocyanurate foam preparation.
The 1-isocyanate prepolymer composition
Can when synthesis of polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam, adopt organic arbitrarily polyisocyanate, comprise aliphatics and aromatic poly-isocyanate.A preferred class is an aromatic poly-isocyanate.The optimization aromatic polyisocyanate that is used for synthetic rigid olyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam comprises the polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanates, especially comprise the potpourri of two pairs of phenyl diisocyanate of methylene of about 30%-about 85% weight, wherein the remainder of potpourri comprises functionality and is higher than 2 poly methylene poly phenyl poly isocyanate.These polyisocyanates can be separately or combination in any ground use.Suitable commercially available isocyanates comprises: from BASF's
M20S is from the PAPI 27 of Dow, from Huntsman's
M and from Bayer's
MR.
The amount of isocyanates is generally in about 60% scope of about 40%-of foam formulation general assembly (TW) in polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam prescription.
The 2-polyol component
Employed typical polyhydric alcohols is including, but not limited to (i) aromatic amine based polyether polyol in the manufacturing of rigid olyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam, for example 2 of oxirane and/or epoxypropane arranged based on condensation, 4-and 2, those materials of the potpourri of 6-toluene diamine, (ii) aromatic series alkylamino radical polyether glycol, for example based on those materials of the nonyl phenol derivant of aminoethylization ethoxyquin and/or propenoxylated, (iii) sucrose or D-sorbite polylol, those materials that the potpourri of the sucrose of oxirane and/or epoxypropane and glycerol derivatives is for example arranged based on sucrose derivative and/or condensation, (iv) be derived from the polyvalent alcohol of natural prodcuts, include but not limited to soybean oil and linseed oil, (v) aromatic polyester type polyvalent alcohol is for example based on by for example ethylene glycol, diglycol, or the material of the complex mixture of formed O-phthalic acid type of the polyvalent alcohol of propylene glycol or terephthalic acids type ester.These polyvalent alcohols can be separately or combination in any ground use.
Suitable commercially available polyvalent alcohol comprises: from Dow's
470X, from Huntsman's
A630, from Kosa's
4020, from Dow's
370.
The amount of polyvalent alcohol is generally in about 20%-about 40% scope of foam formulation general assembly (TW) in polyurethane and the polyisocyanurate foam prescription.
The 3-blowing agent component
Blowing agent component can be any known gas-development agent that is used to make polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foam.Usually these materials comprise: fluorocarbon (comprising CFC (CFC)), HCFC (HCFC), HFC (HFC), hydrocarbon (HC), water, carbon dioxide, fluorine ester, fluorine ether, fluorine ketone, fluoroolefins (HFO), organic acid, ether, ester, ethanol and anti-form-1,2-dichloroethylene.
Preferred physical blowing agent is those materials with following part or all of character: nonflammable, liquid, low-molecular-weight, do not have or low (＜about 0.01) ozone depletion latent energy value (ODP) and low global warming potential (GWP) (just less than about 1500 GWP, more preferably be about 1000 or still less, further preferably be less than about 500, be most preferably) less than about 150;
Suitable physical blowing agent including, but not limited to:
The HCFC and the HFC of about 1-4 carbon atom, and the HC of about 4-6 carbon atom.
In certain embodiments, preferred five fluorine propylene have substituent five fluorine propylene, for example CF of hydrogen on the unsaturated carbon atom endways particularly including those
3CF=CFH (HFO-1225yez), in particular because the applicant find this compound at least with Compound C F
3CF=CF
2(HFO-1225zc) compare and have low relatively toxicity.
Term used herein " HFO-1234 " refers to all tetrafluoeopropenes.Among tetrafluoeopropene, comprise: 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoeopropene (HFO-1234yf) and cis-and anti-form-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoeopropene (HFO-1234ze).Here use term HFO-1234ze to unite and refer to 1,1,1, the 3-tetrafluoeopropene, and no matter it is cis-or trans-form.Here use term " cis HFO-1234ze " and " trans HFO-1234ze " to describe 1,1,1 respectively, the cis of 3-tetrafluoeopropene-and trans-form.Thereby term " HFO-1234ze " is included in all combinations and the potpourri of cis HFO-1234ze, trans HFO-1234ze and these materials in its scope.
Here use term " HFO-1233 " to refer to all trifluoros one chloropropene.Among this trifluoro one chloropropene, comprise 1,1,1, three fluoro-2, chloro-propylene (HFO-1233xf) and cis-and anti-form-1,1,1-three fluoro-3, chloropropene (HFO-1233zd) these two.Here use term HFO-1233zd to unite and refer to 1,1,1, three fluoro-3, the chloro-propylene, and no matter it is cis-or trans-form.Here use term " cis HFO-1233zd " and " trans HFO-1233zd " to describe 1,1 respectively, the 1-trifluoro, the cis of chlorallylene-and trans-form.Thereby term " HFO-1233zd " is included in all combinations and the potpourri of cis HFO-1233zd, trans HFO-1233zd and these materials in its scope.
Here use term " HFO-1225 " to refer to five all fluorine propylene.Among these molecules, comprise 1,1,1,2,3 five fluorine propylene (HFO-1225yez) (comprise its cis-and trans-form these two).Thereby use term HFO-1225yez to unite here to refer to 1,1,1,2,3 five fluorine propylene, and no matter it is cis-or trans-form.Thereby term " HFO-1225yez " is included in cis HFO-1225yez, trans HFO-1225yez and these all combinations and potpourri in its scope.
The HFO that obtains from 365mfc that includes but not limited to HFO-1354 and HFO-1345 also can be used as gas-development agent in this application.
Preferred physical blowing agent including, but not limited to: 1,1-two chloro-1-fluoroethanes (HCFC-141b); 1,1,1,2-HFC-134a (HFC-134a); 1,1,1,2-HFC-134a (HFC-134); 1-chloro-1, the 1-Difluoroethane; 1,1,1,3,3-3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-142b); 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-propane (HFC-227ea); Difluoroethane; 1,1,1,3,3-3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-245fa), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro propyl group-1-alkene (HFO-1234yf), 1,2,3,3,3-five fluoropropyls-1-alkene (HFO-1225ye), 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro propyl-1-alkene (HFO-1233zd), 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro propyl group-1-alkene (HFO-1234ze), 1,1,1,4,4, the combination of 4-hexafluoro butyl-2-alkene (HFO-1336mzzm (e) and HFO-1336mzzm (z)) and any aforementioned substances or the combination of any aforementioned substances and other suitable gas-development agents.
Suitable commercially available physical blowing agent comprises from Honeywell's
245fa and can obtain from Solvay
365mfc.When independent use, the consumption of these materials is about 3%-about 15% of a foam formulation general assembly (TW).When 245fa and 365mfc were used in combination, it can use on combination in any ground, but was rich in 245fa (just in the physical blowing agent complex〉50% weight be HFC-245fa) in the physical blowing agent complex.
Chemical foaming agent is including, but not limited to discharging the compound of gas with isocyanate-reactive.Preferred chemical foaming agent comprises water and as the organic acid of formic acid and so on.
In general, the amount of the gas-development agent in the foam formulation is indicated by required foam density in final polyurethane or the polyisocyanurate foam product.The density of polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam product can change between about 1.0 pounds every cubic feet to about 6.0 pounds, more preferably between every cubic feet about 1.5 pounds to about 4.0 pounds, most preferably between every cubic feet about 1.8 pounds to about 4 pounds.The density that is obtained is what function of gas-development agent existing or that added during foam in preparation or blowing agent blends in A and/or the B composition.
In polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam foam formulation, the amount of physical blowing agent is generally in about scope of 3-about 15% of foam formulation general assembly (TW), and the amount of chemical foaming agent is generally in about 0-3% scope of this foam formulation general assembly (TW).
The 4-catalyzer
Can be for making the useful any catalyzer of polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam with in the present invention.The catalyzer that uses in the manufacturing of isocyanurate foam is tertiary amine typically, it is including, but not limited to the N-alkyl morpholine, N-alkyl alkanolamine, N, N-dialkyl cyclic hexylamine and alkyl group are the alkyl amines of methyl, ethyl group, propyl, butyl etc. and its isomeric forms, and heterocyclic amine.Typical case but do not limit to ground, example is triethylene diamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, two (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, triethylamine, tripropyl amine (TPA), tri-n-butylamine, triamylamine, pyrimidine, quinoline, lupetazin, piperazine, N, N-dimethyl cyclohexyl amine, N-ethylmorpholine, 2-methyl piperazine, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, 4-methyl-diaminopropane, methyl triethylenediamine and their potpourri.
The amount of the amine catalyst in the isocyanurate foam prescription is generally in the pact of foam formulation general assembly (TW)〉in the scope of 0-about 5%.
Alternatively, can in the isocyanurate foam prescription, use non-amine catalysts for polyurethanes.This catalyzer is typically the organometallics of lead, tin, titanium, antimony, cobalt, aluminium, mercury, zinc, nickel, copper, manganese, zirconium and their potpourri.Exemplary catalysts is drawn together, but is not limited to: 2-ethyl acid lead, lead benzoate, iron chloride, antimony trichloride and glycolic antimony.Preferred organotin kind comprises the carboxylic acid tin salt, tin octoate for example, 2-ethyl acid tin, tin laurate and analog, and dialkyl carboxylic acid pink salt, dibutyl diacetic acid tin for example, dibutyl tin dilaurate, dioctyl diacetic acid tin and analog.
The amount of the non-amine catalyst in the isocyanurate foam prescription is generally in the pact of foam formulation general assembly (TW)〉0 in approximately less than 1% scope.
In preparation during polyisocyanurate foam, use catalyst for trimerization conversion excess material (just, greater than with foam formulation in polyvalent alcohol and other isocyanates-active component needed amount that reacts).Can use known any catalyst for trimerization useful in the manufacturing of polyisocyanurate foam in this application.These catalyzer are including, but not limited to glycinate and tertiary amine catalyst for trimerization, alkaline metal carboxyl hydrochlorate and their potpourri.Preferred kind is potassium acetate, potassium octanoate and N-(2-hydroxyl-5-nonylphenol) methyl-sarcosine in these kinds.
Catalyst for trimerization in the polyisocyanurate foam prescription is generally in the pact of foam formulation general assembly (TW)〉0 in approximately less than 5% scope.
Other adjuvant of 5-
There are many adjuvants that can add in the foam formulation with the optimization of C characteristic.They are including, but not limited to surfactant, unit stabilizing agent, fire retardant, viscosity modifier, crosslinking chemical, solubilizer, spreading agent, colorant, adhesion promoter, vapor pressure inhibitor and stabilizing agent.They all are known in the art.Usually the amount of the adjuvant that exists in the foam formulation accounts for the pact of foam formulation general assembly (TW)〉0 to about 15%.
The sealing unit spray foam that is suitable for the application preferably has following nominal characteristic:
| Characteristic | The ASTM test | Unit | Value |
| Nominal density: suitably spraying | D-1622 | lbs/ft 3 | 1.5-4.0 |
| Making the R value under 75 ° of degrees Fahrenheits of medial temperature that recorded in 6 months behind the foam | C-518 | R/inch | 5.0-8.0 |
| Compressive strength: parallel rising | D-1621 | Psi | 20-60 |
| Tensile strength | D-1623 | Psi | 30-100 |
| Sealing unit content | D-2856 | ％ | >80 |
In United States Patent (USP) 6,414,046; 7,214,294; 6,843,934,6,806,247,6,790,820; Disclose useful sealing unit spray foam in 6,784,150, it all is incorporated herein by reference.
Useful sealing unit spray foam comprises can be from FlorhamPark, the Comfort that the BASFPolyurethanes-Foam Enterprises of NJ (branch office of BASF) buys
FE178, FE158, CF178, CF158; Can be from Spring, the BaySeal that the BaySystems of TX (branch office of Bayer) buys
TM2.0; Can be from Bozeman, the Corbond of MT buys
Can be from Arlington, the HeatLok Soy 0240 that the Demilec USA of TX buys; Can be from Midland, the Styrfoam that the Dow Chemical Company of MI buys
TM2.0; Can be from Seattle, the PF-173 that the Gaco Western of WA buys, PF-193; Can be from Ontario, the Permax that the ResinTechnologyDivision of CA (branch office of HenryCo.) buys; Can be from Houston, the Foam Lok that the LapollaCoatings of TX buys
TMFL-2000
TMCan be from Mt.Airy, the NCFI Polyurethanes of NC (being North Carolina Foam Industries in the past) buys
Can be from Phoenix, the DuraFoam-Duraseal that the Urethane Contractor Supply Company of AZ buys
TM1.9.
The preparation and the application of 6-rigid seal cell foam
The preparation of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foam is known in the art.It is very easily that the composition of polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam is provided in premixed foam formulation in many application.The most typically, foam formulation is pre-blended into two kinds of compositions.Isocyanates or polyisocyanate component are formed first composition, are commonly referred to " A " composition.Polyvalent alcohol or polyol blends, surfactant, catalyzer (one or more), gas-development agent (one or more), fire retardant and other isocyanate-reactive become to be grouped into second composition, are commonly referred to " B " composition.Though surfactant, catalyzer (one or more) and gas-development agent generally are classified as " B " composition, it also can add " A " side to, perhaps adds " A " and " B " two sides simultaneously to.
When using spray foam, A side's chemical substance (for example polyisocyanate) and B side's chemical substance are mixed with suitable amount, typically mix with the equal volume amount, are atomized into spray then.This is blended in the spray gun and finishes.When mixing and be deposited on the building surface, these two kinds of chemical substances produce polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam.Alternatively, fire retardant, colorant, auxiliary blowing agent, water even other polyvalent alcohol can be used as third party's flow and add the mixing head of spray gun to.
Substrate prepares to comprise by using pressurized air, vacuum equipment or removing loose dirt, dust and chip.Should come remove by suitable cleaning means deoil, grease, release agent or other pollutant.Before using isocyanurate foam, should be in the milk or joint filling to all joint openings above 1/4 inch in the concrete platform.Need be at concrete surface priming (priming), and be recommended in the concrete platform that allows casting before the isocyanurate foam of using priming paint or spraying and solidify and reach 28 (28) days.
For lightweight concrete or isolate concrete, do not recommend the isocyanurate foam that sprays, unless unless done check and can obtain enough adhesions or coverture (overlayment) has been installed determining.Before using foam, should check that the surface satisfies condition guaranteeing.
Substrate should have enough gradients to eliminate too much ponding.Ponding is defined in rainfall and finishes the low area remaining 48 hour excessive water of back on roof under the condition that is helping drying.If substrate does not have enough gradients, must eliminate ponding by using isocyanurate foam structure gradient, on isocyanurate foam, dig or suitably arrange drainpipe or their combination so.
During inclement weather, should not carry out using to isocyanurate foam.User is not taken in and uses isocyanurate foam when surrounding air and substrate are lower than the temperature of manufacturer's appointment and/or humidity.If wind condition may influence the quality of installation, then can use air partition.
Should use polyurethane spray foam according to the instructions and the indication of product.
Used at whole building surface before the isocyanurate foam of appointed thickness, utilized polyurethane spray foam to fill the zone that will be configured so that to eliminate ponding.Polyurethane spray foam must be used by thickness (pass thickness) with 1/2 inch minimum at every turn.Polyurethane spray foam thickness should minimum be 1 inch (perhaps more, if specify).Isocyanurate foam should be applied to equably to be covered on the whole surface, and wherein per inch thickness adds 1/4 and subtracts 0 deviation, except the needs change to guarantee suitable draining or so that to finish the situation of thin edges.In all infiltrations place, polyurethane spray foam should stop at the inch place, top four (4) of roofline (except drainpipe, revetment, or building junction) equably at least.Suitably the inclined-plane of Qi Paoing should be level and smooth and uniform, to obtain effective draining.
Should allow isocyanurate foam to solidify fully.Before finishing every day, should finish the full depth of isocyanurate foam in any zone.If, then should check UV degraded, oxidation or the pollution of isocyanurate foam because weather condition surpasses 24 hours at interval between isocyanurate foam and coating are used.If there is above-mentioned any situation, then should abides by the manufacturer's recommendation that sends assurance and prepare this surface.
Pen Tu isocyanurate foam surface should be " level and smooth, orange peel shape, coarse orange peel shape or the flower-shaped edge of rice krispies " at last.The isocyanurate foam surface that is called as " rice krispies is flower-shaped " or " bark shape " is unacceptable.These zones should be repaired the surface and be foamed so that obtain acceptable surface appearance again.
Should before using, repair by protective finish any infringement or the defective on isocyanurate foam surface.
The isocyanurate foam surface should not have moisture, frost, dust, fragment, oil, tar, grease maybe can weaken other material that adheres to of protective finish.
Before using protective finish, should check whether isocyanurate foam is fit to base coating and uses.Isocyanurate foam should be clean, dry and reliable.
When possibility, base coating should used on the same day with isocyanurate foam.Must not be less than two hours interval between the using of isocyanurate foam and base coating.If before the using of base coating, surpass 24 hours in the past, then should check the UV degraded of isocyanurate foam.
Before using base coating, isocyanurate foam should not have dust, dirt, pollutant and moisture.Base coating should be used with homogeneous thickness with the application rate that is determined by the isocyanurate foam superficial makings.Should use coating so that can produce the specified minimum dry film thickness of protective finish manufacturer with such speed.Coating is solidified, and check the pin hole of this coating, sparse coating area, uncured zone or other defective.Before follow-up using, should repair all defect.Before using external coating, base coating should not have dirt, dust, water or other pollutant.Coating is not used and should be carried out during inclement weather.User is not taken in and uses protective finish when surrounding air and substrate are lower than the temperature of manufacturer's appointment and/or are higher than specified humidity.If wind condition may influence the quality of installation, then can use air partition.
Should use follow-up coating in time to guarantee to be coated with the suitable adhesion of interlayer.The superficial makings of isocyanurate foam will influence build---in coarse foam contour area, may need the material that adds.
Should be by obtaining the crack sample and amplifying the curing build that the laminated coating checked is used.Be found the zone that has less than appointed thickness and will need the coating that adds.
The disclosure provides a kind of method of building structure to avoid high wind that the platform or the wall of building structure started of protecting, and it comprises:
A) provide platform or wall;
B) spraying and adhesion rigid seal cell foam at least a portion of platform or wall.Foam can be applied to roofdeck the top or below.Typically, foam is applied to the outside surface of commercial installed platform top or wall, and dwelling house installed platform or wall below; And
C) alternatively, apply described foam with anti-UV material.The anti-UV material of foam can include, but are not limited to: silicones, polyureas, acrylic acid, urethane, bituminous coating, roof water-proof film, paveio(u)r, aggregate or the concrete protective surface of suitably casting.
Fig. 4 shows the Internet property quote process according to embodiment of the present disclosure, and wherein the client signs in to website and the crucial appraisal of input (rating) data 401.Thereafter, valuation engine is determined the estimation 403 of the availability and the expense (rate) of insurance coverage.The client receives the preliminary affirmation 405 of the cost of insurance coverage and availability or is submitted to service centre with for further analysis and determine that expense announces (ratepromulgation) 407 then.Prepare price list 409 according to the national insurance regulations then, and the client receives effective insurance slip and accepts or refuse coverage 411.
Though we provide and described according to embodiment more of the present disclosure, can know that the multiple variation that is understood that same way as it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that.Therefore we do not wish to be limited to given and the details of describing, and are intended to show all variations and change all within the scope of the appended claims.For example, can expect that all can both easily be used in combination with content disclosed by the invention in order to the known and obtainable method and system that forms foam.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of method that alleviates risk when the issuing only windstorm insurance comprises:
Submission is to the request of described only windstorm insurance;
Determine whether buildings meets the predetermined parameters set;
If when building described buildings, used satisfactory material, then ratified described to the only request of windstorm insurance; And
Sign and issue described only windstorm insurance.
2, method according to claim 1 also comprises:
If when building described buildings, used undesirable material, then arranged field investigation.
3, method according to claim 2 also comprises:
After arranging field investigation, carry out analysis to any described buildings;
Alternatively, select satisfactory material; And
Described satisfactory material is installed.
4, method according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined parameters set comprises the installation of wind resistance suction foam.
5, method according to claim 3, wherein said satisfactory material comprises wind resistance suction foam.
6, a kind of comprehensive system that alleviates the windburn danger comprises:
Buildings insulation blocking surface; And
Windstorm insurance only.
7, system according to claim 6, wherein said buildings insulation blocking surface comprises: alleviate the product of windburn danger, and building system.
8, a kind of computer-readable recording medium that comprises the executable computer program instruction, described computer program instructions makes disposal system carry out the method that is used for alleviating risk when the issuing only windstorm insurance when being performed, and comprising:
Reception is to the request of described only windstorm insurance;
Determine whether buildings meets the predetermined parameters set;
If when building described buildings, used satisfactory material, then ratified described to the only request of windstorm insurance; And
Sign and issue described only windstorm insurance.
9, storage medium according to claim 8 also comprises:
If when building described buildings, used undesirable material, then arranged field investigation.
10, storage medium according to claim 9 also comprises:
After arranging field investigation, carry out analysis to any described buildings;
Alternatively, select satisfactory material; And described satisfactory material is installed.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2735008P | 2008-02-08 | 2008-02-08 | |
| US61/027350 | 2008-02-08 | ||
| US61/035537 | 2008-03-11 | ||
| US12/365032 | 2009-02-03 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101533503A true CN101533503A (en) | 2009-09-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2009101346190A Pending CN101527026A (en) | 2008-02-08 | 2009-02-09 | An integrated method and system for alleviating housetop wind-disaster risks |
| CNA2009101346203A Pending CN101533503A (en) | 2008-02-08 | 2009-02-09 | Method and system for mitigating risk in issuing only windstorm insurance |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNA2009101346190A Pending CN101527026A (en) | 2008-02-08 | 2009-02-09 | An integrated method and system for alleviating housetop wind-disaster risks |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107103546A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2017-08-29 | 瑞士再保险公司 | System and method for forecasting the frequency associated with following loss |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US11753516B2 (en) | 2021-10-08 | 2023-09-12 | Covestro Llc | HFO-containing compositions and methods of producing foams |
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2009
- 2009-02-09 CN CNA2009101346190A patent/CN101527026A/en active Pending
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107103546A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2017-08-29 | 瑞士再保险公司 | System and method for forecasting the frequency associated with following loss |
| CN107103546B (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2020-11-10 | 瑞士再保险公司 | System and method for forecasting frequencies associated with future losses |
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| CN101527026A (en) | 2009-09-09 |
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