CN101532744B - Heat pump circulating system and method thereof - Google Patents
Heat pump circulating system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101532744B CN101532744B CN2008101016406A CN200810101640A CN101532744B CN 101532744 B CN101532744 B CN 101532744B CN 2008101016406 A CN2008101016406 A CN 2008101016406A CN 200810101640 A CN200810101640 A CN 200810101640A CN 101532744 B CN101532744 B CN 101532744B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat pump circulating system and a method thereof. The heat pump circulating system comprises a compressor, an internal heat exchanger, a throttling valve, an external heat exchanger and a four-way valve. The four-way valve is respectively connected with the refrigeration working medium entrance of the compressor, the refrigeration working medium exit of the compressor,the internal heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger; the four-way valve is provided with a first valve position and a second valve position; when the four-way valve is positioned at the firstvalve position, the refrigeration working medium exit of the compressor is connected with the external heat exchanger and the refrigeration working medium entrance thereof is connected with the internal heat exchanger; and when the four-way valve of the compressor is positioned at the second valve position, the refrigeration working medium exit of the compressor is connected with the internal heat exchanger and the refrigeration working medium entrance thereof is connected with the external heat exchanger which is internally filled with a heat storage agent. The heat pump circulating system and the method thereof adopt water, especially tap water, as a heat source with low cost and high heat exchange efficiency so as to be capable of improving the circulating heat efficiency of the heat pump.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat pump circulating system and method, particularly relate to a kind of with the heat pump circulating system and the method for running water as thermal source.
Background technology
In the water system in city, normally the treated water that reaches standard in waterworks is delivered to water unit by water supply line, such as, biotope, water factory or water gardens unit or the like send to every family or other water terminals through the water service pipe network of above-mentioned unit.In above-mentioned water system, the temperature of running water of delivering to the water terminal is usually more than 10 degrees centigrade, even northerly winter, because this temperature of effect of the water pipe anti-freezing measure of taking also can not be lower than 5 degrees centigrade.With regard to general water, under most situation, the user is also insensitive to the temperature of running water, and for example in two seasons of summer in winter, the temperature of running water may differ 20 degrees centigrade, but this does not influence user's normal use.For example, flush the toilet water, landscape water, irrigating plant water in the family to not strict demand of water temperature.In actual life, there is the infrastructure management company of a lot of lives residential area that special hot-water supply device can be set, so that satisfy that resident family heats, has a bath, does washing, washes the dishes etc. to the demand of hot water.Above-mentioned existing hot-water supply device generally adopts gas fired-boiler, by gas-firing or coal (but because the coal damage ratio is more serious, most city has been implemented coal and has been changed gas) add hot tap-water, offer the terminal use by hot water supply pipe network then.But, existing gas fired-boiler technology, its thermal efficiency has only about 80% usually.
On the other hand, along with highlighting day by day of the surging and ecological environment problem of global energy price, be that the new energy technology of feature becomes the research and development field of competitively dropping into countries in the world with the high-efficiency cleaning.Hydrogen source system new technology can be converted into Hydrogen Energy cleanly and efficiently with biomass energy and fossil energy, and integrated with it fuel cell then can be converted into Hydrogen Energy electric energy and by-product heat energy cleanly and efficiently.As seen, Hydrogen Energy and fuel cell will become a new bridge between various primary energy and the various terminal energy sources.
Hydrogen is a kind of secondary energy sources, is converted by various primary energy.Among many hydrogen manufacturing approach, because hydrocarbon prices such as natural gas are lower, thereby the hydrocarbon reformation hydrogen production is considered to the most economically viable selection in the quite a while from now on.
Existing vapor compression heat pump circulating technology has the advantage of high-efficiency cleaning as hot water supply apparatus.But, the coefficient of heat supply of the heat pump circulating system of vapor compression heat pump circulating technology (COP), be that energy efficiency is subjected to the evaporator operation temperature, i.e. heat source temperature and condenser working temperature, also the hot water Temperature Influence is very big.For air source heat pump, along with winter temperature descends, the evaporator operation temperature of heat pump cycle descends thereupon, thereby causes that heat pump COP is that energy efficiency reduces.
In addition, the compressor of existing vapor compression heat pump circulating technology is to use grid power to drive, thereby its energy efficiency also is subjected to the restriction of electrical network user side generating efficiency.When compressor adopts frequency modulation control, be direct current power owing to need alternating electromotive force rectification, thereby also have the rectification loss electrical network.
Refrigeration working medium of the present invention is meant the material that is recycled in heat pump circulating system, described thermal source be meant with external heat exchanger in the refrigeration working medium medium that carries out heat exchange, this thermal source to the refrigeration working medium heat release, absorbs heat from refrigeration working medium in the kind of refrigeration cycle process in heating cyclic process.In existing heat pump cycle technology, generally be as external heat source with underground heat water source, air or middle water.The inventor in realizing technical scheme of the present invention, find nobody also proposed to adopt running water as heat pump cycle in the technology of thermal source.This be because, running water steady sources and in large supply, and existing water-supply systems are very flourishing and general.But at the area of a certain concrete part, certain resident residential area for example, the ducted current that supply water for this residential area are unsettled.Generally in the morning, noon and evening current bigger, the time current that work by day are less, at dead of night the time-division, possible current can stop.The reason that causes above-mentioned current shakiness is to be determined by the water custom in people's life, and can not overcome.
But running water has stable temperature range, and for example its temperature is 5～15 ℃ in the winter time, and usually above outer temperature degree, running water has a large amount of heat energy, as not being used, causing in vain and runs off, really unfortunately.Summer its temperature be 15～25 ℃, be usually less than outer temperature degree, when carrying out kind of refrigeration cycle, if adopt running water to replace surrounding air and refrigeration working medium to carry out heat exchange, its refrigerating efficiency will effectively improve.So, be necessary to develop a kind of heat pump circulating system that adopts running water as thermal source.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is, overcoming what exist in existing heat pump circulating system and the method can not be the defective of thermal source with the running water, and provide a kind of heat pump circulating system and method, technical problem to be solved be make its with running water as the thermal source in the heat pump cycle, can improve the energy efficiency of heat pump circulating system, thereby be suitable for practicality more.。
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems realizes by the following technical solutions.A kind of heat pump circulating system according to the present invention's proposition, it comprises compressor, internal exchanger, choke valve, external heat exchanger and cross valve, and described cross valve is connected to the refrigeration working medium inlet of compressor, refrigeration working medium outlet, internal exchanger and the external heat exchanger of compressor; This cross valve has first valve position and second valve position; When this cross valve was positioned at first valve position, the outlet of the refrigeration working medium of compressor was connected in external heat exchanger, and the refrigeration working medium inlet of compressor is connected in internal exchanger; When this cross valve was positioned at second valve position, the outlet of the refrigeration working medium of compressor was connected in internal exchanger, and the refrigeration working medium inlet of compressor is connected in external heat exchanger; Described internal exchanger is connected with outside working medium input channel and outside working medium output channel; Described external heat exchanger includes thermal source stream and refrigeration working medium stream, and is filled with heat-storage agent in this external heat exchanger.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also can be applied to the following technical measures to achieve further.
Preferably, an embodiment of aforesaid heat pump circulating system, wherein said heat-storage agent is one or several in the following material: the hydrate of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, sal-ammoniac, saleratus, sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, sodium carbonate, sodium acetate or quaternary ammonium salt or the aqueous solution; And carbon number is 12～24 paraffin.
Preferably, an embodiment of aforesaid heat pump circulating system, wherein said heat-storage agent directly is filled in the external heat exchanger; Perhaps heat-storage agent is encapsulated in the closed container, this closed container is arranged in the external heat exchanger.
Preferably, an embodiment of aforesaid heat pump circulating system, the thermal source stream of wherein said external heat exchanger is connected in the water service pipeline.
Preferably, an embodiment of aforesaid heat pump circulating system, it also comprises the fuel cell power generation subsystem, is used for generating and by-product heat; Described fuel cell power generation subsystem institute electricity is used to drive described compressor.
Preferably, an embodiment of aforesaid heat pump circulating system, wherein said fuel cell power generation subsystem comprises: reforming hydrogen production device is used to prepare hydrogen; Fuel cell, the hydrogen for preparing with above-mentioned reforming hydrogen production device is raw material generating and by-product heat; Circulating pump and heat-exchanger rig are used for above-mentioned by-product thermal cycle and carry out heat exchange; And reversal valve, being arranged on the outside working medium output channel of internal exchanger, it has three interfaces, is connected to outside sender property outlet, heat-exchanger rig and the outside working medium output channel of above-mentioned internal exchanger.
Preferably, an embodiment of aforesaid heat pump circulating system, it also comprises: internal combustion engine subsystem, thermomotor subsystem or gas turbine subsystem;
Described internal combustion engine subsystem comprises: internal combustion engine, be used to produce power and by-product heat, and this power is used to drive described compressor; Circulating pump and heat-exchanger rig are used for above-mentioned by-product thermal cycle and carry out heat exchange; And reversal valve, it has three interfaces, is connected to outside sender property outlet, heat-exchanger rig and the outside working medium output channel of above-mentioned internal exchanger;
Described thermomotor subsystem comprises: thermomotor is used to produce power and by-product heat, and this power is used to drive described compressor; And circulating pump and heat-exchanger rig, be used for above-mentioned by-product thermal cycle and carry out heat exchange; And reversal valve, it has three interfaces, is connected to outside sender property outlet, heat-exchanger rig and the outside working medium output channel of above-mentioned internal exchanger;
Described gas turbine subsystem comprises, gas turbine is used to produce power and by-product heat; And this power is used to drive described compressor; And heat-exchanger rig, be used for above-mentioned by-product heat is carried out heat exchange; And reversal valve, it has three interfaces, is connected to outside sender property outlet, heat-exchanger rig and the outside working medium output channel of above-mentioned internal exchanger.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also adopts following technical scheme to realize.A kind of hot water supply method according to the present invention proposes adopts above-mentioned heat pump circulating system, and this method may further comprise the steps:
A compression refrigeration working medium;
Refrigeration working medium after the B compression carries out heat exchange;
The C refrigeration working medium expands;
Refrigeration working medium after D expands carries out heat exchange;
Adopt running water as thermal source in one of them of step B and D, and the heat exchange described in this step comprises at least a in the following process: running water and refrigeration working medium carry out heat exchange, running water and heat-storage agent and carry out heat exchange, heat-storage agent and refrigeration working medium and carry out carrying out heat exchange between heat exchange and running water, refrigeration working medium and the heat-storage agent three.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also can be applied to the following technical measures to achieve further.
Preferably, an embodiment of aforesaid heat pump cycle method, it also comprises: when refrigeration working medium stops circulation time, carry out heat exchange between running water and the heat-storage agent; When running water stopped to flow, heat-storage agent and refrigeration working medium carried out heat exchange.
Preferably, an embodiment of aforesaid heat pump cycle method, it also comprises: be that raw material carries out the reformation hydrogen production reaction with the hydrocarbon, obtain hydrogen; With hydrogen is that raw material passes through fuel cell power generation power and by-product heat, and described electric power is as the power of compression refrigeration working medium; Perhaps be fuel with the hydrocarbon, adopt internal combustion engine, thermomotor or gas turbine to produce power and by-product heat, described power is as the power of compression refrigeration working medium.
By technique scheme, heat pump circulating system of the present invention and method have following advantage at least:
1, said system provided by the invention, by with fuel cell or internal combustion engine, thermomotor, the gas turbine subsystem produces the post bake that by-product heat is used for the outside working medium of above-mentioned heat pump cycle, and institute's electrogenesis power or power are used to drive above-mentioned compressor, under the certain condition of the temperature of the outside working medium of the external supply of system, the operating temperature of above-mentioned internal exchanger is reduced significantly, thereby the coefficient of heat supply of above-mentioned heat pump cycle and then the primary energy utilization ratio of heat pump circulating system are significantly improved, make entire system more succinct simultaneously, reliably.As mentioned above, the present invention has obtained significant cooperative effect by institute's heat pump circulating system that provides and fuel cell or internal combustion engine, thermomotor, gas turbine subsystem organically are provided.
2,, thereby be suitable for more being suitable for because the utilization of cross valve and transfer valve can make the function that heat pump circulating system of the present invention has to be provided refrigerating function simultaneously and hot water is provided.
3, compare with existing boiler combustion formula hot-water heating system, under the condition of same materials and heat capacity, hot-water heating system of the present invention and method have the significant advantage of clean and effective.
4, the hot-water heating system coefficient of heat supply in the embodiment of the invention also to be significantly higher than with the grid power be power, be the coefficient of heat supply of the existing vapor compression heat pump circulating hot water system of thermal source with the air.
5, the present invention adopts water as thermal source, especially running water is as thermal source, this thermal source cost is low, the heat exchanger effectiveness height, thereby can reach with the essentially identical heat pump cycle thermal efficiency of underground heat water resource heat pump condition under significantly reduce equipment cost, and with the essentially identical equipment cost condition of air source heat pump under significantly improve the effect of the thermal efficiency of heat pump cycle.
In sum, the heat pump circulating system of the special formation of the present invention and method, it has above-mentioned many advantages and practical value, thereby is suitable for practicality more.
Above-mentioned explanation only is the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, for can clearer understanding technological means of the present invention, and can be implemented according to the content of specification, below with preferred embodiment of the present invention and conjunction with figs. describe in detail as after.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of embodiment a kind of refrigeration cycle of heat pump circulating system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that the embodiment 1 of heat pump circulating system of the present invention heats circulation.
Fig. 3 is that the embodiment 2 of heat pump circulating system of the present invention heats circulation process figure.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of embodiment 2 kind of refrigeration cycle of heat pump circulating system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart that heats circulation of the embodiment 3 of heat pump circulating system of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart that heats circulation of the embodiment 4 of heat pump circulating system of the present invention.
10: water supply pipe 11: outside working medium input channel
12: thermal source input channel 13: outside working medium output channel
14: thermal source output channel 15: current divider
16,17: reversal valve 18: feed pipe
19: efferent duct 21: compressor
22: internal exchanger 23: choke valve
24: external heat exchanger 25: cross valve
30: the fuel cell power generation subsystem
31: reforming hydrogen production device 32: fuel cell
33: circulating pump 34: heat-exchanger rig
40: internal combustion engine subsystem 41: internal combustion engine
42: transmission mechanism 43: circulating pump
44: heat-exchanger rig 45: flue
46: cooling water pipeline 50: the gas turbine subsystem
51: gas turbine 52: transmission mechanism
54: heat-exchanger rig 55: flue
The specific embodiment
Reach technological means and the effect that predetermined goal of the invention is taked for further setting forth the present invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, to heat pump circulating system and its effect of its specific embodiment of method that foundation the present invention proposes, describe in detail as after.
Seeing also shown in Figure 1ly, is the flow chart of embodiment a kind of refrigeration cycle of heat pump circulating system of the present invention.This heat pump circulating system comprises compressor 21, internal exchanger 22, choke valve 23, external heat exchanger 24 and cross valve 25, and above-mentioned each parts link to each other by pipeline and form closed circuit, have dosed refrigeration working medium in above-mentioned closed circuit.Described compressor 21 is used for compression refrigeration working medium, and has refrigeration working medium inlet and refrigeration working medium outlet.Described cross valve 25 is connected to the refrigeration working medium inlet of compressor 21, refrigeration working medium outlet, internal exchanger 22 and the external heat exchanger 24 of compressor.Described cross valve 25 has first valve position (being also referred to as the refrigeration valve position) and second valve position (be also referred to as and heat valve position); When this cross valve was positioned at first valve position, the outlet of the refrigeration working medium of compressor 21 was connected in external heat exchanger 24, and the refrigeration working medium inlet of compressor 21 is connected in internal exchanger 22; When this cross valve 25 was positioned at second valve position, the outlet of the refrigeration working medium of compressor 21 was connected in internal exchanger 22, and the refrigeration working medium inlet of compressor 21 is connected in external heat exchanger 24.Refrigeration working medium temperature after described compressor 21 compressions raises; Refrigeration working medium after compression is transported in the external heat exchanger 24 according to the cross valve valve position shown in Fig. 1 (first valve position).This external heat exchanger 24 is connected with thermal source input channel 12 and thermal source output channel 14, and present embodiment adopts running water as thermal source, and described thermal source input channel 12 is connected on the water supply pipe 10 by current divider 15.Externally include thermal source stream and refrigeration working medium stream in the heat exchanger 24, thermal source that flows through in the external heat exchanger 24 and refrigeration working medium carry out heat exchange, the refrigeration working medium heat source heat release of high temperature, and the refrigeration working medium temperature reduces.The refrigeration working medium that has been cooled is transported to choke valve 23, reduces through the refrigeration working medium pressure behind the choke valve 23, and evaporation in internal exchanger 22, because refrigeration working medium volumetric expansion and undergoing phase transition, its temperature reduces.Described internal exchanger 22 is connected with outside working medium input channel 11 and outside working medium output channel 13, and described outside working medium is to be used for carrying out heat exchange with user's environment, thereby improves or reduce environment temperature.Outside working medium and refrigeration working medium carry out heat exchange in internal exchanger 22, and refrigeration working medium absorbs the heat of outside working medium, and temperature reduced after outside working medium was emitted heat, and was delivered to the user by outside working medium output channel 13.Because the outside working medium temperature of output is lower, offers the user thereby can be used as low-temperature receiver, thereby reaches the effect of refrigeration.Refrigeration working medium through heat exchange is transported in the compressor 21 once more, thereby finishes the primary heat pump circulation.Preferable, the external heat exchanger 24 of the heat pump circulating system of present embodiment 1 comprises refrigeration working medium stream, thermal source stream and heat-storage agent cartridge, filling heat-storage agent in the heat-storage agent cartridge.Preferable, heat-storage agent is advisable with the latent heat storage agent that phase transition temperature is higher than 2～5 ℃ of heat source temperatures, it comprises that carbon number is paraffin (senior saturated straight chain alkane) of 12～24 and composition thereof, the hydrate of salts such as calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, sal-ammoniac, saleratus, sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, quaternary ammonium salt or aqueous solution of above-mentioned substance and composition thereof etc.Described heat-storage agent can directly be filled in the external heat exchanger, and thermal source and refrigeration working medium are respectively in the thermal source stream and refrigeration working medium stream of sealing; Perhaps heat-storage agent being encapsulated in closed container is arranged in the external heat exchanger.Externally in the heat exchanger 24, carry out heat exchange between refrigeration working medium, thermal source and the heat-storage agent mutually.The effect of heat-storage agent is, it can the heat source heat release, and in kind of refrigeration cycle the heat of absorption refrigeration working medium.Like this, even under the idle situation of heat pump circulating system, heat-storage agent also can be by the heat release of phase transformation (solidifying) to the thermal source of the external heat exchanger 24 of flowing through, and do not have heat source stream under the situation of external heat exchanger in heat pump circulating system work, the heat that heat-storage agent also can discharge by phase transformation (thawing) absorption refrigeration working medium, thus the continuous high-efficient operation of heat pump circulating system guaranteed.Can realize carrying out heat exchange as the thermal source and the refrigeration working medium of external heat exchanger by heat-storage agent is set in the heat exchanger externally, thereby running water is applied in the heat pump cycle process with running water.Such heat pump circulating system has apparently higher than the refrigeration of the air source heat pump circulatory system (perhaps heat supply) coefficient.
Seeing also shown in Figure 2ly, is the flow chart that the embodiment 1 of heat pump circulating system of the present invention heats circulation.Originally heating circulation is identical with the equipment that above-mentioned kind of refrigeration cycle is adopted, its difference part is, cross valve is positioned at second valve position in heating circulation, the refrigeration working medium outlet that is compressor 21 is connected in internal exchanger 22, the refrigeration working medium inlet of compressor 21 is connected in external heat exchanger 24, thereby the flow direction that makes refrigeration working medium flows to opposite with the refrigeration working medium of kind of refrigeration cycle shown in Figure 1, thereby the temperature that can make the outside working medium in the outside sender property outlet pipeline 13 is higher than the temperature of outside working medium in the outside working medium input channel 11, thereby is reached for the effect of user's heat supply.At this moment, externally the latent heat storage agent of selecting phase transition temperature to be lower than 2～5 ℃ of heat source temperatures of the heat-storage agent in the heat exchanger is advisable.
See also shown in Figure 3, be heat pump circulating system of the present invention embodiment 2 heat circulation process figure.The heat pump circulating system of present embodiment is compared with embodiment 1, and it also comprises fuel cell power generation subsystem 30, is used for generating and by-product heat.30 electricities of described fuel cell power generation subsystem offer compressor 21 by cable, as the power that drives described compressor 21.Described fuel cell power generation subsystem 30 comprises reforming hydrogen production device 31, fuel cell 32, circulating pump 33 and heat-exchanger rig 34.Wherein said reforming hydrogen production device 31, adopting hydrocarbon and water is raw material, and reformation hydrogen production prepared in reaction hydrogen takes place under the effect of catalyst.Described fuel cell 32, the hydrogen that makes with above-mentioned reforming hydrogen production device 31 is that raw material generates electricity, and produces direct current and by-product heat.Described circulating pump 33, its electric power that adopts above-mentioned fuel cell 32 to send is power, is used for the cooling water of circulating fuel battery.Described heat-exchanger rig 34 is used to carry out the heat exchange of the cooling water of fuel cell, the cooling water of the heat that enters is lowered the temperature, and be circulated to fuel cell.This heat-exchanger rig 34 is connected with feed pipe 18 and efferent duct 19.This feed pipe 18 is provided with reversal valve 17.The structure of this reversal valve 17 is, it has three interfaces, can link to each other with three pipelines, and its inside has switching construction, can guarantee to be communicated with two interfaces simultaneously and cuts off other interface.The outside working medium output channel 13 of internal exchanger 22 is provided with reversal valve 16.This reversal valve 16 links to each other with above-mentioned reversal valve 17.Like this, when cross valve 25 is positioned at second valve position, and switch reversal valve 16 and reversal valve 17 simultaneously, just can make the outside working medium of heat exchanger outflow internally flow into heat-exchanger rig 34, thereby make outside working medium be carried out post bake, the temperature of the outside working medium in the efferent duct 19 is improved once more by the by-product heat of fuel cell.The heat pump circulating system of present embodiment is that the employing hydrocarbon is that raw material heats, and has higher heating efficiency than adopting the direct hydrocarbon combustion thing of boiler to heat.
Above-mentioned fuel cell 32 is phosphoric acid type fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), SOFC (SOFC) or Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC).
Seeing also shown in Figure 4ly, is the kind of refrigeration cycle flow chart of the embodiment 2 of heat pump circulating system of the present invention.Circulating with shown in Figure 3 heating of this kind of refrigeration cycle compared, its difference is, cross valve is positioned at first valve position, the refrigeration working medium outlet that is compressor 21 is connected in external heat exchanger, the refrigeration working medium inlet of compressor 21 is connected in internal exchanger 22, thereby make the flow direction of refrigeration working medium opposite with the refrigeration working medium flow direction that heats circulation shown in Figure 3, thereby can make the temperature of the outside working medium in the outside working medium output channel 13 of internal exchanger 22 be lower than the temperature of outside working medium in the outside working medium input channel 11, thereby be reached for the effect that the user provides cold.Simultaneously, reversal valve 16 switches to the position that is communicated with outside working medium output channel, and reversal valve 17 switches to the position that is communicated with feed pipe 18.Thereby make the outside working medium of low temperature directly flow to the user, simultaneously, heat-exchanger rig 34 is provided by cooling water and the water source heat exchange that is provided by feed pipe, thereby can obtain hot water at the efferent duct 19 of heat-exchanger rig 34.Thereby the heat pump circulating system that makes present embodiment can provide two functions of refrigeration and hot-water supply simultaneously.
Seeing also shown in Figure 5ly, is the flow chart that heats circulation of the embodiment 3 of the present invention's heat pump circulating system of comprising internal combustion engine subsystem or thermomotor subsystem.Compare with embodiment 1, the heat pump circulating system of present embodiment also comprises: internal combustion engine subsystem 40, it is fuel with the hydrocarbon, produces power and by-product heat.The power compressor 21 that described internal-combustion engine system 40 is produced is used to drive described compressor 21.Described internal combustion engine power generation sub-system 40 comprises internal combustion engine 41, transmission mechanism 42, circulating pump 43 and heat-exchanger rig 44.Described internal combustion engine 41 is a fuel with the hydrocarbon, and preferable is that fuel produces power and by-product heat with the natural gas, and comes 21 work of drive compression machine by transmission mechanism 42.The flue gas of internal combustion engine feeds in the heat-exchanger rig 44 by flue 45, and the heat of cooling of internal combustion engine feeds in the heat-exchanger rig 44 by cooling water pipeline 46.Described circulating pump 43 is used for the cooling water of circulation engine 41.This heat-exchanger rig 44 is connected with feed pipe 18 and efferent duct 19.This feed pipe 18 is provided with reversal valve 17.The structure of this reversal valve 17 is, it has three interfaces, can link to each other with three pipelines, and its inside has switching construction, can guarantee to be communicated with two interfaces simultaneously and cuts off other interface.The outside working medium output channel 13 of internal exchanger 22 is provided with reversal valve 16.This reversal valve 16 links to each other with above-mentioned reversal valve 17.Like this, when cross valve 25 is positioned at second valve position, and switch reversal valve 16 and reversal valve 17 simultaneously, just can make the outside working medium of heat exchanger outflow internally flow into heat-exchanger rig 44, thereby make outside working medium be carried out post bake, the temperature of the outside working medium in the efferent duct 19 is improved once more by the by-product heat of fuel cell.The heat pump circulating system of present embodiment is that the employing hydrocarbon is that fuel heats, and has higher heating efficiency than adopting the direct hydrocarbon combustion thing of boiler to heat.Internal combustion engine described in the present embodiment can be replaced by thermomotor, and can reach identical technique effect.
Heat pump circulating system shown in the present embodiment 3, when cross valve 25 switched to first valve position, simultaneously, reversal valve 16 switched to the position that is communicated with outside working medium output channel, and reversal valve 17 switches to the position that is communicated with feed pipe 18.Thereby make the outside working medium of low temperature directly flow to the user, simultaneously, the water source heat exchange that heat-exchanger rig 44 carries out cooling water and flue gas and provided by feed pipe, thus can obtain hot water at the efferent duct 19 of heat-exchanger rig 44.Thereby the heat pump circulating system that makes present embodiment can provide two functions of refrigeration and hot-water supply simultaneously.
Seeing also shown in Figure 6ly, is the flow chart that heats circulation of the embodiment 4 of the present invention's heat pump circulating system of comprising the gas turbine subsystem.Compare with embodiment 1, the heat pump circulating system of present embodiment also comprises: gas turbine subsystem 50, be used to produce power and by-product heat, and the power of its generation offers described compressor, is used to drive described compressor 21.Described gas turbine subsystem 50 comprises gas turbine 51, transmission mechanism 52 and heat-exchanger rig 54.Described gas turbine 51 is a fuel with the hydrocarbon, and preferable is fuel with the natural gas, produces power and by-product heat, and this power is sent to compressor 21 by transmission mechanism 52 with power.Above-mentioned by-product heat is the entrained heat of flue gas after the fuel combustion, and flue gas feeds in the heat-exchanger rigs 54 by flue 55, discharges after advancing heat exchange.This heat-exchanger rig 54 is connected with feed pipe 18 and efferent duct 19.This feed pipe 18 is provided with reversal valve 17.The structure of this reversal valve 17 is, it has three interfaces, can link to each other with three pipelines, and its inside has switching construction, can guarantee to be communicated with two interfaces simultaneously and cuts off other interface.The outside working medium output channel 13 of internal exchanger 22 is provided with reversal valve 16.This reversal valve 16 links to each other with above-mentioned reversal valve 17.Like this, when cross valve 25 is positioned at second valve position, and switching reversal valve 16 and reversal valve 17 simultaneously makes internal exchanger 22 be communicated with heat-exchanger rig 54, just can make the outside working medium of heat exchanger outflow internally flow into heat-exchanger rig 54, thereby make outside working medium be carried out post bake, the temperature of the outside working medium in the efferent duct 19 is improved once more by the by-product heat of fuel cell.The heat pump circulating system of present embodiment is that the employing hydrocarbon is that fuel heats, and has higher heating efficiency than adopting the direct hydrocarbon combustion thing of boiler to heat.
Heat pump circulating system shown in the present embodiment 4, when cross valve 25 switched to first valve position, simultaneously, reversal valve 16 switched to the position that is communicated with outside working medium output channel, and reversal valve 17 switches to the position that is communicated with feed pipe 18.Thereby make the outside working medium of low temperature directly flow to the user, simultaneously, heat-exchanger rig 54 is provided by flue gas and the water source heat exchange that is provided by feed pipe, thereby can obtain hot water at the efferent duct 19 of heat-exchanger rig 54.Thereby the heat pump circulating system that makes present embodiment can provide two functions of refrigeration and hot-water supply simultaneously.
Embodiments of the invention 5 also propose a kind of heat pump cycle method, and it adopts the heat pump circulating system shown in the embodiment 1, and this heat pump cycle method may further comprise the steps:
A compression refrigeration working medium; Refrigeration working medium after the B compression carries out heat exchange; The C refrigeration working medium expands; Refrigeration working medium after D expands carries out heat exchange; Adopt running water as thermal source in one of them of step B and D, and the heat exchange described in this step comprises at least a in the following process: running water and refrigeration working medium carry out heat exchange, running water and heat-storage agent and carry out heat exchange, heat-storage agent and refrigeration working medium and carry out carrying out heat exchange between heat exchange and running water, refrigeration working medium and the heat-storage agent three.When refrigeration working medium stops circulation time, carry out heat exchange between running water and the heat-storage agent; When running water stopped to flow, heat-storage agent and refrigeration working medium carried out heat exchange.
Embodiments of the invention 6 also propose a kind of heat pump cycle method, and it adopts the heat pump circulating system shown in the embodiment 2, compare with embodiment 6, and this heat pump cycle method is further comprising the steps of: be that raw material carries out the reformation hydrogen production reaction with the hydrocarbon, obtain hydrogen; With hydrogen is that raw material passes through fuel cell power generation power and by-product heat, and described electric power is as the power of compression refrigeration working medium.Described fuel cell is: phosphoric acid type fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), SOFC (SOFC) or Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC).Perhaps adopt the heat pump circulating system of embodiment 3 or embodiment 4, compare with embodiment 6, this heat pump cycle method is further comprising the steps of: be fuel with the hydrocarbon, adopt internal combustion engine, thermomotor or gas turbine to produce power and by-product heat, described power is as the power of compression refrigeration working medium.
Comparative example 1
Employing is the air source heat pump circulatory system heating of power with the civil power.The condenser inlet temperature of the outside working medium that supplies is 37 ℃, the condensator outlet temperature is 45 ℃, outer temperature is 10 ℃, the evaporating temperature of refrigeration working medium is-5 ℃ in the evaporimeter, the condensation temperature of refrigeration working medium is 50 ℃ in the condenser, the compressor adiabatic efficiency is 0.85, and its coefficient of heat supply (COP) is 4.07.Because the user side generating efficiency of civil power is generally 33%, thereby the primary energy efficient of this comparative example is about 134%.
Comparative example 2
Employing is the air source heat pump circulatory system cooling of power with the civil power.The evaporator inlet temperature of the outside working medium that supplies is 15 ℃, and evaporator outlet temperature is 7 ℃.Outer temperature is 35 ℃, and the evaporating temperature of refrigeration working medium is 2 ℃ in the evaporimeter, and the condensation temperature of refrigeration working medium is 50 ℃ in the condenser, and the compressor adiabatic efficiency is 0.85, and its coefficient of refrigerating performance (COP) is 3.72.
Example 1
With the civil power is power, adopts the method heating of embodiment 5.The inner heat exchanger of the outside working medium that supplies (being condenser) inlet temperature is 37 ℃, the inner heat exchanger outlet temperature is 45 ℃, outer temperature is 10 ℃, the temperature of source water (running water of municipal administration supply) is 15 ℃, the evaporating temperature of refrigeration working medium is 8 ℃ in the external heat exchanger (being evaporimeter), be filled with carbon number in the external heat exchanger and be 15 paraffin, its freezing point and heat of solidification are about 10 ℃ and 170kJ/kg respectively, the condensation temperature of refrigeration working medium is 50 ℃ in the inner heat exchanger, the compressor adiabatic efficiency is 0.85, and its coefficient of heat supply (COP) is 5.45.Because the user side generating efficiency of civil power is generally 33%, thereby the primary energy efficient of this example is about 180%.
Example 2
With the civil power is power, adopts the method cooling of embodiment 5.The inner heat exchanger of the outside working medium that supplies (being evaporimeter) inlet temperature is 15 ℃, the inner heat exchanger outlet temperature is 7 ℃, outer temperature is 35 ℃, the temperature of source water (running water of municipal administration supply) is 25 ℃, the evaporating temperature of refrigeration working medium is 2 ℃ in the inner heat exchanger, the condensation temperature of refrigeration working medium is 32 ℃ in the external heat exchanger (being condenser), be filled with carbon number in the external heat exchanger and be 18 paraffin, its freezing point and heat of solidification are about 29 ℃ and 240kJ/kg respectively, the compressor adiabatic efficiency is 0.85, and its coefficient of refrigerating performance (COP) is 6.66.
Example 3
Adopt the method heating of embodiment 6.The inner heat exchanger of the outside working medium that supplies (being condenser) inlet temperature is 37 ℃, the inner heat exchanger outlet temperature is 42 ℃, heat exchanger 33 outlet temperatures are 45 ℃, outer temperature is 10 ℃, the temperature of source water (running water of municipal administration supply) is 15 ℃, the evaporating temperature of refrigeration working medium is 8 ℃ in the external heat exchanger, be filled with carbon number in the external heat exchanger and be 15 paraffin, its freezing point and heat of solidification are about 10 ℃ and 170kJ/kg respectively, the condensation temperature of refrigeration working medium is 47 ℃ in the inner heat exchanger, the compressor adiabatic efficiency is 0.85, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells power generation sub-system is raw material with the natural gas, its generating efficiency is 37%, and heat recovery efficiency is 40%.The heat pump circulating system COP of present embodiment is 5.89, and the primary energy efficient of entire system is 258%.
COP in above-mentioned comparative example and the example is the externally ratio of the heat of output or cold and compressor institute consuming electric power of heat pump circulating system, and the primary energy efficient of entire system by entire system externally output heat with the ratio of heat of input primary energy, the primary energy of example 3 is a natural gas, the primary energy of comparative example 1,2 and example 1,2 is that the thermal power plant is fuel used, as natural gas, coal etc.
The other technologies details of not described in detail among the embodiment of the present invention all can adopt corresponding scheme of the prior art to realize.
The above, it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, though the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, yet be not in order to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, in not breaking away from the technical solution of the present invention scope, when the technology contents that can utilize above-mentioned announcement is made a little change or is modified to the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, in every case be the content that does not break away from technical solution of the present invention, according to technical spirit of the present invention to any simple modification that above embodiment did, equivalent variations and modification all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. heat pump circulating system, it comprises compressor, internal exchanger, choke valve, external heat exchanger and cross valve, it is characterized in that:
Described cross valve is connected to the refrigeration working medium inlet of compressor, refrigeration working medium outlet, internal exchanger and the external heat exchanger of compressor; This cross valve has first valve position and second valve position; When this cross valve was positioned at first valve position, the outlet of the refrigeration working medium of compressor was connected in external heat exchanger, and the refrigeration working medium inlet of compressor is connected in internal exchanger; When this cross valve was positioned at second valve position, the outlet of the refrigeration working medium of compressor was connected in internal exchanger, and the refrigeration working medium inlet of compressor is connected in external heat exchanger;
Described internal exchanger is connected with outside working medium input channel and outside working medium output channel;
Described external heat exchanger includes thermal source stream and refrigeration working medium stream, and is filled with heat-storage agent in this external heat exchanger; Described thermal source stream is connected in the water service pipeline.
2. heat pump circulating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said heat-storage agent is one or several in the following material: the hydrate of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, sal-ammoniac, saleratus, sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, quaternary ammonium salt or aqueous solution and composition thereof; And carbon number is paraffin of 12～24 and composition thereof.
3. heat pump circulating system according to claim 2 is characterized in that wherein said heat-storage agent directly is filled in the external heat exchanger; Perhaps heat-storage agent is encapsulated in the closed container, this closed container is arranged in the external heat exchanger.
4. heat pump circulating system according to claim 3 is characterized in that it also comprises the fuel cell power generation subsystem, is used for generating and by-product heat; Described fuel cell power generation subsystem institute electricity is used to drive described compressor.
5. heat pump circulating system according to claim 4 is characterized in that wherein said fuel cell power generation subsystem comprises:
Reforming hydrogen production device is used to prepare hydrogen;
Fuel cell, the hydrogen for preparing with above-mentioned reforming hydrogen production device is raw material generating and by-product heat;
Circulating pump and heat-exchanger rig are used for above-mentioned by-product thermal cycle and carry out heat exchange; And reversal valve, being arranged on the outside working medium output channel of internal exchanger, it has three interfaces, is connected to outside sender property outlet, heat-exchanger rig and the outside working medium output channel of above-mentioned internal exchanger.
6. heat pump circulating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that it also comprises: internal combustion engine subsystem, thermomotor subsystem or gas turbine subsystem;
Described internal combustion engine subsystem comprises: internal combustion engine, be used to produce power and by-product heat, and this power is used to drive described compressor; Circulating pump and heat-exchanger rig are used for above-mentioned by-product thermal cycle and carry out heat exchange; And reversal valve, it has three interfaces, is connected to outside sender property outlet, heat-exchanger rig and the outside working medium output channel of above-mentioned internal exchanger;
Described thermomotor subsystem comprises: thermomotor is used to produce power and by-product heat, and this power is used to drive described compressor; And circulating pump and heat-exchanger rig, be used for above-mentioned by-product thermal cycle and carry out heat exchange; And reversal valve, it has three interfaces, is connected to outside sender property outlet, heat-exchanger rig and the outside working medium output channel of above-mentioned internal exchanger;
Described gas turbine subsystem comprises, gas turbine is used to produce power and by-product heat; And this power is used to drive described compressor; And heat-exchanger rig, be used for above-mentioned by-product heat is carried out heat exchange; And reversal valve, it has three interfaces, is connected to outside sender property outlet, heat-exchanger rig and the outside working medium output channel of above-mentioned internal exchanger.
7. a heat pump cycle method is characterized in that adopting the described heat pump circulating system of claim 1, and this method may further comprise the steps:
A compression refrigeration working medium;
Refrigeration working medium after the B compression carries out heat exchange;
The C refrigeration working medium expands;
Refrigeration working medium after D expands carries out heat exchange;
Adopt running water as thermal source in one of them of step B and D, and the heat exchange described in this step comprises at least a in the following process: running water and refrigeration working medium carry out heat exchange, running water and heat-storage agent and carry out heat exchange, heat-storage agent and refrigeration working medium and carry out carrying out heat exchange between heat exchange and running water, refrigeration working medium and the heat-storage agent three.
8. heat pump cycle method according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
When refrigeration working medium stops circulation time, carry out heat exchange between running water and the heat-storage agent;
When running water stopped to flow, heat-storage agent and refrigeration working medium carried out heat exchange.
9. heat pump cycle method according to claim 7 is characterized in that it also comprises:
With the hydrocarbon is that raw material carries out the reformation hydrogen production reaction, obtains hydrogen; With hydrogen is that raw material passes through fuel cell power generation power and by-product heat, and described electric power is as the power of compression refrigeration working medium; Perhaps
With the hydrocarbon is fuel, adopts internal combustion engine, thermomotor or gas turbine to produce power and by-product heat, and described power is as the power of compression refrigeration working medium.
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| CN2008101016406A CN101532744B (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2008-03-10 | Heat pump circulating system and method thereof |
| PCT/CN2009/000255 WO2009111946A1 (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2009-03-10 | A heat pump circulation system and method |
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| CN2008101016406A CN101532744B (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2008-03-10 | Heat pump circulating system and method thereof |
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| CN105953453B (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2021-04-16 | 李华玉 | Bidirectional thermodynamic cycle and first-class thermally-driven compression heat pump |
| CN107024028A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-08-08 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of distributed heat pump installation and method |
| CN107846175A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-03-27 | 武汉地质资源环境工业技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of Hydrogen Energy and the combined cooling, heat and power System of solar energy complementation |
| CN109974339B (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2023-08-11 | 华南理工大学 | Device and method for transferring LNG cold energy by using phase-change refrigerant |
| CN114680267B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2024-03-15 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Material processing device and method combining heat pump and ozone |
| CN114234502A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Heat storage assembly, heat pump hot water system and control method of heat storage assembly |
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