CN101529998A - Hydrogen-lithium fusion device, method and applications - Google Patents

Hydrogen-lithium fusion device, method and applications Download PDF

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CN101529998A
CN101529998A CN 200780038987 CN200780038987A CN101529998A CN 101529998 A CN101529998 A CN 101529998A CN 200780038987 CN200780038987 CN 200780038987 CN 200780038987 A CN200780038987 A CN 200780038987A CN 101529998 A CN101529998 A CN 101529998A
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target
gravity
lithium
proton
fusion
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S·A·利平斯基
H·M·利平斯基
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UNIFIED GRAVITY CORP
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UNIFIED GRAVITY CORP
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Abstract

The Hydrogen-Lithium Fusion Device is a revolutionary new device that consists of a proton accelerator, lithium foil target, and a target holder of specified geometry. The invention enables a proton-lithium fusion efficiency that is close to 100% and the fusion byproducts to exit the lithium target without transferring significant fusion energy to the target as heat. Particular aspects of the present invention are described in the claims, specification and drawings.

Description

Hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device, methods and applications
Related application
The application requires the priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/822,902,60/845,117,60/893,818,60/893,823 and 60/893,826.This paper quotes these applications for your guidance.
Background technology
People such as Herb provide the most comprehensive summary (Herb of the prior art research of relevant hydrogen-lithium fusion, R.G., Parkinson, D.B., " the Yield ofAlpha-Particles from Lithium Films Bombarded by Protons " that Kerst, D.W. three people deliver nineteen thirty-five.Experiment and themselves result that tests of relevant hydrogen-lithium fusion before Physical Review48:118-124), they have quoted.The paper of Herb is reached a conclusion, and the experiment of doing in the U.S. Alabamian Huntsville (Huntsville) city is recently found, compares with the proton energy that the foregoing invention people uses, and considerably less fusion only takes place in proton energy.The data of Herb show, compare with the efficient 1.0 of complete fusion, and this fusion efficient only is 0.334 * 10 -7, in other words, the fusion of a proton participation lithium is only arranged in per 30,000,000 proton in proton beam and produces observable α particle.
In this section, the inventor has introduced hydrogen-lithium fusion and has been made comparisons in it and traditional hot and cold fusion effect.For afoot always current fusion project so far, hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device constructed in accordance has very that diverse ways reaches nuclear fusion.Can think that this hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device can reach and approach 100% fusion efficient, and can produce and do not have the fusion of thermal effect accessory substance energy.
The applicant wishes to emphasize that a bit promptly, the application will discuss various theories, and hold different viewpoints for various aspects of the present invention.These statements and viewpoint will be based on discussed below novel theoretical, for example, discussed in paragraph [0032] to [0041], [0073] to [0092] and [0231] to [0350], also based on the experiment that the inventor did, these experiments are discussed in paragraph [0042] to [0062] and [0070] to [0072].These statements of not finding experiment to support must be theoretical and not based on concrete experimental result.For example, the applicant thinks that fusion efficient approaches 100% viewpoint and is based on related to the present invention novel theoretically, and is tending towards supporting this viewpoint based on experimental result.Also have, the experiment of discussing in the paragraph [0098] to [0197] is not carried out, and therefore, the result of inventor's imagination has just described the result that hope takes place.
Engage in the research institute and the laboratory of tradition (heat) fusion and taking a kind of very diverse ways always.The fusion reaction that utilizes deuterium and tritium to carry out in this method imitation fixed star.The target of these reactions is to produce heat energy from the extra neutrons that the type reaction high speed is evicted from.Up to now, the Shang Weiyou experiment can be crossed the energy consumption balance point and be produced heat energy or lasting fusion reaction.
Known to the inventor, also there is not that research institute of family to utilize two-step method to implement the hydrogen thermofusion with practical and economized form.Second step wherein relates to fusion reaction and adds hot water, because it is perfect not enough to be used for the first step that traditional fusion circle encloses, so above-mentioned second step did not attempt always.
So-called cold fusion does not need required excessive temperature of thermofusion and plasma circle to enclose.On the contrary, cold fusion depends on electrolysis process heavy water (D 2O) promote fusion.The cold fusion method at present still under study for action.Known to the inventor, from cold fusion, also do not obtain clear and definite positive result.
Hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device, thermofusion and cold fusion method are summarized and are compared as follows.
The fusion method relatively
Hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device Thermofusion Cold fusion
Fuel: hydrogen and lithium Fuel: deuterium and tritium Fuel: heavy water (D 2O)
Fusion forms: the H rays of acceleration hits the lithium target Fusion forms: magnetic field impulse and LASER HEATING Fusion forms: D 2The O electrolysis
Temperature: room temperature Temperature: 100 * 10 6℃ Temperature: room temperature
The boundary encloses: vacuum chamber The boundary encloses: magnetic bottle The boundary encloses: do not have
Protection barrier: helium ion Protection barrier: neutron Protection barrier: neutron
New method provides the chance of fusion to be actually unlimited.They comprise generation power and generating.They extend to the distortion space that new fusion is had action of gravity.
Summary of the invention
Hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device (" HLFD ") is a kind of revolutionary new equipment, and it comprises proton precessional magnetometer, lithium target and target supporting member or fixture, the physical dimension that they are preferably stipulated.HLFD can make proton-lithium fusion efficient be expected to approach 100%, makes the fusion accessory substance leave the lithium target and a large amount of fusion energies can not passed to the lithium target with the heat energy form.
Hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device is expected to very high efficiency generation proton-lithium fusion.Hydrogen supply is to ion accelerator, and this accelerator produces the proton beam that requirement beam energy and electric current are arranged.Proton beam target alignment lithium target, normally by the lithium foil target of target fixture supporting, this target fixture preferably has specific physical characteristic.The proton of injecting enters the lithium target and stands the variation of continuous little random direction, till nuclear fusion takes place.Helium ion fusion accessory substance stands the variation of similarly continuous little random direction, withdraws from target and till a large amount of fusion energies not being passed to the lithium target with the heat energy form up to them.
A kind of being used for comprises target supporting member and lithium target with the example that can produce the target assembly that uses along the proton generator of the proton beam of axis, and this proton beam has lateral dimension at the target position place.The target supporting member is positioned at the position of target.This lithium target has by the front surface of target supporting members support and back of the body surface.This target has the maximum target thickness that is roughly parallel to shaft centerline measurement, and it is less than J 0The first zero of Bessel function multiply by proton gravity wavelength.The front target surface of the exposure that the target supporting member is configured to make target have no target support member material and target surface, back.The front surface that exposes is defined as target region in the lip-deep projection of back target that exposes the overlapping between the area of the preceding target region of exposure and back target region.In some instances, the target supporting member has the minimum thickness that is at least 2.4mm that is roughly parallel to shaft centerline measurement, more preferably has the minimum thickness that is at least 3.14mm that is roughly parallel to shaft centerline measurement.In some instances, target has smallest lateral dimension, and this smallest lateral dimension is at least the lateral dimension that 19.2mm adds proton beam.
Implement a kind of manufacturing below and be used for example with the method that can produce the target assembly that uses along the proton generator of the proton beam of axis, this proton beam has lateral dimension at the target position place.Selection has the lithium target material of front surface and rear surface.The target material at target region place has the maximum target thickness that is roughly parallel to shaft centerline measurement, and it is less than J 0The first zero of Bessel function multiply by proton gravity wavelength.Selected target supporting member.This target material is installed on the target supporting member, is positioned at the target assembly of target position with formation.Carry out and select, select and installation steps, so that target assembly comprises the lithium target on the front target surface and the target surface, back of the exposure with no target support member material.The front surface that exposes is defined as target region in the lip-deep projection of back target that exposes the overlapping between the area of the preceding target region of exposure and back target region.In some instances, carry out the selected step of target supporting member,, more preferably be at least the minimum thickness of 3.14mm so that the target supporting member has the minimum thickness that is at least 2.4mm that is roughly parallel to shaft centerline measurement.
Special aspect of the present invention is stated in claims, description and accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the reduced graph of the ion accelerator of the guiding proton beam in the orthographic drawing of the decomposition of target assembly;
Fig. 2 is the ion accelerator of Fig. 1 and the stereogram of target assembly;
Fig. 3 is the reduced graph of six logical vacuum chambers;
Figure 4 and 5 are front view and rearviews of the lithium target of the Fig. 2 after the test procedure;
Fig. 6 is the reduced graph of target assembly, and the ring that withdraws from the position of proton beam and the target region is shown;
Fig. 7 is the simplification sectional view of Fig. 6 structure;
Fig. 8 is the view that is similar to Fig. 7, and wherein, the target supporting member is the loop type with circular cross sectional shape;
Fig. 9 illustrates the target supporting member that is similar to Fig. 7, but wherein, target material is fixed to a side of target supporting member;
Figure 10 is the reduced graph of another example of target assembly, and wherein, target material is by picking up and supply axle supporting, and is wrapped in this and picks up and supply on the axle and from wherein twining out;
Figure 11 and 12 is vertical view and the stereograms that are used for the conducting element of electric gravity generator;
Figure 13 surrounds Figure 11 of lithium target and 12 conducting element array;
Figure 14 and 15 is vertical view and stereograms of gravity door gear;
Figure 16 illustrates the array of the gravity door gear of Figure 14 and 15;
Figure 17 is the vertical view of gravity propelling motor; And
Figure 18 illustrates the array of the gravity propelling motor of the Figure 17 in the container.
Embodiment
Following detailed is to do with reference to accompanying drawing.Described preferred embodiment the present invention is described, but do not limited the scope of the invention, scope of the present invention is defined by attached claims.Those skilled in the art will recognize that the variant that various equivalences can be arranged for the following description of doing.
This work comes from a basic problem of not separating in the physics.The problem of answering is where kinetic energy is stored in actually.The classics of kinetic energy with relativistic formula be well-known.Yet after having investigated the physics document, the inventor is stored in where fail to find clear and definite answer for kinetic energy in fact actually; Does the inventor can not answer following problem: how the kinetic energy of storage influence gravity? except the investigation of document, the inventor also talked with a plurality of physicists that comprise the Nobel laureate.Nobody can provide the answer of relevant kinetic energy storage problem; The Nobel laureate once said this be one he do not know the abstruse problem of answer.
The inventor deeply convinces that kinetic energy is stored in the field, and Einsteinian quality-principle of energy balance is satisfied in the storage of kinetic energy.Its result, inventor seek a mass density function, and when this function during in whole space structure upper integrals, this mass density function can cause the balance of quality-energy.This process is last to form one piece of technical papers " based on the gravity theory of quality-energy balance ", and is disclosed.The inventor's gravity theory is reproduced in ending place that this section is described in detail, from paragraph [0231] to claims before.
The boundary that hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device no longer needs to add outside vacuum chamber encloses, and it does not start fusion by heating yet.Therefore, hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device does not have existing problem in the present thermofusion research project.
For present fusion research project, hereinafter the application of electric gravity (electrogravity) generator of Miao Shuing is for realizing that the energy generation has very different implementation methods.Can believe that obtaining energy by electric gravity generator is a one-step process, this process directly changes the kinetic energy that proton-lithium fusion discharges into direct current by the electronic that gravitational wave forms." gravity door and gravity propelling motor (the Gravity Portal and Gravity Propulsion Engine) " that hereinafter also described in the disclosure content is novel fully.Known to the inventor, also there are not at present other research project or invention, attempt to create and utilize the device of gravity as communication, transportation or propulsive force.
Hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device notion
The reader should understand the implication of the term " space structure " that adopts among the present invention.The space is defined as three-dimensional expansion sometimes, and all substances are positioned at wherein, and all incidents take place therein, and this expansion is extended along all directions, and differently is described as uncertain extension or definite but can not large-mindedly extend.Many people think that space or outer space are the spacious spaces between all celestial bodies.Astrophysicist and other people also not exclusively understand the composition in space between all celestial bodies.Some people believes that particle and antiparticle constantly generate and destroy in this space, this just requires the space bigger than spacious space.Relevant space structure comprises energy in the disclosure, and promptly the essence in space far is not that people do not have in the outer space of the imagination usually whatever.
Hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device provides the practical application of inventor's gravity theory.In this theory, according to quality-energy balance law, the rest mass of object and kinetic energy make the space structure distortion individually.Gravitation between two objects derives from the interaction that concentrates on their the mass density fields on whole space structures.The gravity that each object stands depends on itself gravity wavelength.
The gravity that the gravity theory indication is two types.I class gravity is reduced to classical gravity with suitable limit value.When quality equates or is under the special situation, I class gravity also comprises one group of eight logarithmic singularity in the gravity.II class gravity is a kind of new gravity form.It comprises the gravity of the extremely strong ripple that is caused by single order singular point in the gravitional force, and for example, this gravitional force can mobile helium ion and make the unit vibration of electronics or space structure.II class gravity can also make the wisp of high relativity or the unit of space structure that big object is applied very strong classical power.
Hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device produces well-known hydrogen-lithium fusion reaction, and this fusion reaction discharges special kinetic energy.
p+ 6Li→ 3He(2.3MeV)+ 4He(1.7MeV)
p+ 7Li→ 4He(8.6MeV)+ 4He(8.6MeV)
HLFD uses well-known ion accelerator technology to form proton beam.Then, proton beam impacts by the fixing lithium target of target fixture.The lithium target that draws according to gravity theory and the geometric form of target fixture can obtain approaching 100% high fusion efficient, can make the fusion accessory substance leave the lithium target simultaneously and the form of a large amount of fusion energies with heat are not delivered on the lithium target.
In following chapters and sections, will other three kinds of application of hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device be disclosed: electric gravity generator, gravity door and gravity propelling motor.
Experimental verification
The inventor has carried out one group of experiment, provides experimental verification to the feasibility of hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device.These experiments need the target fixture of proton beam, lithium target and particular design.Equipment is summarised in the following table:
The experimental verification device therefor
Mechanism
● the G. C. Marshall Space Flight Center in U.S. Alabama Huntsville city, space environment influences equipment.
Ion accelerator
● pelletron formula ion accelerator.
● the proton beam that commercial hydrogen produces.
● up to the proton beam energy of 400keV.
● the beam electronic current between 10 and 40 μ A.
● terminate in the steel six logical interior target regions of vacuum chamber that intersect.
Target
● the commercial lithium paper tinsel of 99.9% purity.
● area is 1.75 * 1.75 inches.
● 50,100 and 250 micron thickness.
The target fixture
● two aluminium sheets that have round center hole are clipped in the middle the lithium foil target.
● the circular central bore dia is greater than the diameter of proton beam.
● aluminium plate thickness is 1 and 5mm.
● aluminium sheet rounding that 5mm is thick or alternate manner chamfered edge.
Protective shield
● the steel six logical vacuum chambers that intersect provide protective shield, because the fusion accessory substance is helium ion (a α particle).
During on March 12 to March 15th, 2007 and 11 days June 7 to June in 2007, inventor and other personnel that come from unified gravity company (Unified Gravity Corporation (UGC)), the space environment in the NASA G. C. Marshall Space Flight Center in U.S. Alabama Huntsville city influences has carried out a series of hydrogen-lithium fusion assay on the equipment.This equipment is operated by the personnel of the Kua Lisi company (Qualis Corporation) in U.S. Alabama Huntsville city.
In experiment, ion accelerator 2 (seeing Fig. 1 and 2) uses hydrogen as its ion source, and ion accelerator 2 produces the proton beam 16 of 300keV ion energy, and this energy is used for producing proton-lithium fusion.Proton beam 16 target alignment target assemblies 10, this assembly 10 comprises target supporting member or target fixture 12, is used for supporting the lithium target material 14 (also can be called lithium paper tinsel 14) in the steel six logical intersection vacuum chambers 6 as shown in Figure 3.
Because the fusion accessory substance of proton-lithium fusion is the helium ion, so radiation shield needs not exceed the steel six logical vacuum chambers 6 that intersect.
These experimental exploring hydrogen-lithium fusion reactions are with the efficient of the geometric form variation of lithium target 8 and target fixture 12.
The importance of lithium target 8 geometric forms is, if the lithium target is the paper tinsel that does not have backer board, the proton that then enters stands II class gravity, and this gravity is acted on each side of about paper tinsel 14 from proton 2.4mm by the lithium target nucleus of annular.II class gravity causes continuous little momentum at random to add on the original momentum of 300keV proton, thereby the area of inswept lithium target is much larger than the inswept area of single proton diameter.Its result, proton enters randomly and examines the probability that starts fusion with lithium and can approach 1.
The inventor indicates that the thickness of lithium paper tinsel 14 should be less than 2.4mm.If thickness is greater than 2.4mm, then II class gravity is only acted on the front side of lithium target by the lithium target nucleus of 2.4mm annular.This situation can be reduced to proton and be lower than proton-required threshold value of lithium fusion, causes proton that its energy is changed into heat in the lithium target, and can cause the fusing of lithium target.
The importance of lithium target fixture 12 geometric forms is that if the proton that enters stands the II class gravity by the effect of target fixture nuclear, then when proton is examined near lithium, proton will experience very big deflection.Then, the proton deflection that is caused by target fixture nuclear causes proton energy to change into heat in the lithium target 8.A large amount of heat energy that proton can transform cause 8 fusings of lithium target.
If the thickness of the lithium target fixture 12 of proton process is greater than π (3.14...) mm, then proton will be without undergoing the II class gravity by the effect of target fixture nuclear.
In experiment, adopt thickness and two target fixtures of three kinds of lithium foil targets.Experiment is grouped into three different kinds of test, and these classifications are summarized as follows.
The parameter of experiment test
Test Lithium target thickness Target fixture plate thickness Total testing time The lithium target is disposed
1 50 microns 1mm 1 second Fusing
2 100 microns 5mm 35 minutes Do not have and damage
3 250 microns 5mm 2.6 hour Do not have and damage
Less target fixture 12 is adopted in test 1, and its aluminium sheet by two 7.6cm * 7.6cm * 1mm constitutes, and each plate has the centre bore of a 3.8cm diameter.Bigger target fixture 12 is adopted in test 2 and 3, and its aluminium sheet by two 7.6cm * 8.9cm * 5mm constitutes, and each plate has the centre bore of a 3.2cm diameter.The edge rounding or the alternate manner of big target fixture are cut sth. askew to remove all wedge angles.
Lithium target material 14 is that thickness is 50,100 and 250 microns the square lithium paper tinsel of 4.4cm * 4.4cm.Lithium target material 14 is placed between the preceding of lithium target fixture 12 and the back member 18,20.
In first fusion test, adopting thickness of slab is the less target fixture of 1mm, and the thickness of lithium target is 50 microns.The employing diameter is 1cm, and proton can be the proton beam 16 of 10,15 and 20 μ A for 307keV and beam electronic current, is used for the initial alignment of proton beam.Aim in the rules at this, proton beam melts a big hole and the lithium target is damaged in lithium target 8.
Because the beam electronic current of the proton of every 100keV energy and per 10 μ A provides 1 watt of power, so the aligning rules are provided to 3,4.5 and 6 watts power in the lithium target 8.Because the fusing point of lithium is 180 ℃, so the maximum temperature rise in the lithium can only be 160 ℃.If all proton beams can offer lithium target 8 with form of heat, then beam diameter is that every watt of beam power that the proton beam 16 of 1cm causes being delivered in the 1cm bundle post has 150 ℃ temperature rise at per second.The corresponding thermal diffusivity that is diffused into target fixture 12 from 1cm bundle post is following 0.1 watt of per 20 ℃ of temperature rises in the bundle post 16, and the maximum diffusivity that gives from bundle post 16 to target fixture 12 is 0.8 watt (0.1 * 160/20).If very low-level fusion takes place, then the lithium target was less than just fusing in 1 second.The reason that this thing happens is, even 3 watts minimum aligning power level also can cover and extends in the part of lithium target 8 of target thickness (being also referred to as Shu Zhu sometimes) at proton beam 16, causes the possible temperature rise of per second 330 (2.2 * 150) ℃.
These first result of the tests are then consistent with the work that Herb did of finding the very low-level fusion of generation.According to the work of Herb, we can expect that test produces heat, replace the fusing of fusion and target.Herb uses extremely low beam electronic current (10 9Proton/second or 0.00016 μ A) and backer board dissipate from the heat of target, avoid in the target lithium fusing with this.
In our second fusion test, adopting thickness of slab is the big target fixture 12 of 5mm, and the thickness of lithium target material 14 is 100 microns.The diameter of proton beam 16 is 1cm, has the beam electronic current of 307keV proton energy and 10,15 and 20 μ A, utilizes this proton beam 16 to be used for initial bundle and aims at.In this alignment procedures, proton beam 16 does not damage lithium target 8.Then, the proton beam increasing diameter is added to 2.5cm, and beam electronic current is increased to 40 μ A.Bombarding lithium target 8 with proton continued 35 minutes and did not have to damage.
For 100 microns the lithium target 8 that uses in second fusion test, the alignment beams of 1cm diameter is expected to produce the temperature rise of 75 ℃ of per seconds to the every watt of beam power that offers Shu Zhu.The corresponding thermal diffusivity that is diffused into target fixture 12 from 1cm bundle post is following 0.3 watt of per 20 ℃ of temperature rises in the Shu Zhu as calculated.Allow 160 ℃ of maximum temperature rises, the maximum heat diffusivity from Shu Zhu to target fixture 12 is 2.4 watts (0.3 * 160/20).Because the aligning rules of 300keV and 20 μ A provide 6 watts of power to the Shu Zhu of 1cm, so, can hot form dissipate and be the beam power of 40% (2.4w/6w) to the maximum.This means, calculate according to these hot-fluids, proton beam 60% or manyly must stand fusion or target fusing.
In our the 3rd fusion test, adopting thickness of slab is the big target fixture 12 of 5mm, and the thickness of lithium target 8 is 250 microns.The diameter of proton beam 16 is 1cm, has the beam electronic current of 307keV proton energy and 15 μ A, utilizes this proton beam 16 to be used for initial bundle and aims at.In this alignment procedures, proton beam 16 does not damage lithium target 8.Then, the proton beam increasing diameter is added to 2.5cm, and beam electronic current is increased to 36 μ A.Carrying out total time with the lithium target is 2 hours 35 minutes proton bombardment, and the result has some variable colors and do not have damage.Before and after the proton beam bombardment, the front and back of 250 microns lithium paper tinsels that big target fixture uses in the 3rd test is presented in the Figure 4 and 5, shows lithium target 8 is not damaged.
Because lithium target 8 thickness in the 3rd fusion test are 250 microns, it is identical with target fixture in second fusion test, so hot-fluid calculates not need test required 60% efficient greater than second fusion.
Further describing of target assembly
Fig. 6 and 7 is rough schematic views of target assembly 10, and it is in order to help to explain the structural parameters of target assembly that these two figure are provided.Same element can be represented with same Reference numeral.Target assembly 10 comprises the target supporting member 12 of supporting lithium target material 14.In this example, with back member 18,20, they caught the peripheral edge 22 between they target materials 14 between the two before target supporting member 12 comprised.Preceding and back member 18,20 has the circular open 24,26 of aligning with the preceding and back target surface 28,30 of formation exposure and the target region that is used for proton beam 16 32 thus, and this target region and front target surperficial 28 is with prolonging.The edge of target supporting member 12, especially outward flange, carry out rounding or alternate manner cut sth. askew for radius π (3.14...) mm to raise the efficiency.
Proton beam 16 has the average transverse 34 that is centered on the bundle axis 36.Bundle axis 36 is generally centered in the target region 32 usually and also is approximately perpendicular to target region 32.As discussed herein, the proton experience fusion of bump target region 32, the helium ion of generation is influenced by lithium ion within 9.6mm.Therefore, improve withdrawing from of helium ion, so, being preferably, lithium target material 14 extends 9.6mm at least from the periphery of proton beam 16 at least.This forms so-called being centered in and withdrawing from ring 38 on the axis 36.The diameter 40 that withdraws from ring 38 equals trans D 34 and adds 2 * 9.6mm.For example, suppose that circular zone 32 has the diameter of 32mm, and proton beam 16 has the diameter of 9.5mm, so, withdraws from ring diameter 40 and equals 28.7mm.Therefore, as long as proton beam 16 is generally centered within the target region 32, whole withdrawing from encircles 38 and just will be positioned on the target region 32.Be positioned on the target material 14 as long as withdraw from ring, withdraw from ring 38 and just may extend on the target supporting member 12.
Fig. 8 illustrates another example that substitutes, and wherein, target supporting member 12 comprises before the round annular and back member 18,20, replaces the preceding and back member 18,20 of rectangle among Fig. 1 and 2.
Fig. 9 illustrates another example of the target assembly 10 that is similar to Fig. 6 and 7, but wherein target material 14 is installed in the front of target supporting member 12.In this case, the target front surface 28 of exposure is greater than the back target surface 30 that exposes.Preceding and target surface, back 28,30 forms one intersects, and this crossing definition is along the target region 32 of target front surface 28.Therefore, outstanding the intersecting of before the target that exposes just and rear surface 28,30 defined target region 32 with Wen (Venn) graphic mode.
Figure 10 illustrates another example, and wherein, target supporting member 12 does not define target region 32.On the contrary, target supporting member 12 comprises and picks up and supply axle 42,44 that target material 14 is wrapped on the axle.By decontroling new unworn target material 14 from supply simply the axle 44, and will be wound up into the target material of crossing 14 and pick up on the axle 42, the target supporting member 12 of the type can allow apace and easily to supply new target material effectively thus.Other target supporting structure also can use in conjunction with axle 42,44, target material 14 is provided supporting necessary or that require.
Also can use the structure that is used for target supporting member 12 of other type.Yet, be that they should be constructed to be permeable to form the preceding and back target surface 28,30 of the rough alignment of the exposure that does not have the target support member material for the major requirement of all target supporting members.
As certain place discussion herein, the thickness that is roughly parallel to the target material 14 of axis 36 tolerance is defined as less than 2.4mm at target region 32 places.Should be sure of, importantly, the thickness of target supporting member 12 or be adjacent to supporting member 12 that part of of target region 32 at least greater than 3.14mm; This minimum thickness of determining target supporting member 12 is based on J 0Ultimate range between the zero point of Bessel function.Yet less minimum thickness is less than 3.14, but can adopt 2.4mm at least, and efficient has reduction slightly, but in some structure, can cause the fusing of lithium target.This less minimum thickness is based on J 0Minimum range between the zero point of Bessel function.
Experimental result is discussed
In general, each fusion reaction causes one in two helium ions to pass through the lithium target.8.6Mev what the classics of helium ion in lithium were estimated stops that distance is 180 microns.In second fusion test, wherein, thick 100 microns of lithium target, traditional theory estimate that about 1/2 (100/180) (or total fusion energy 1/4) of fusion energy will be delivered to target with the heat energy form.If this thing happens, then the lithium target can melt in less than 1 second, because total fusion energy of the proton beam of 300keV, 40 μ A 1/4 is 100 watts when 0.6 fusion efficient, and causes the temperature rise of 270 ℃ of per seconds.In the 3rd fusion test, wherein, thick 250 microns of lithium target, traditional theory estimate that about 1/2 of total fusion energy will be delivered to target with the heat energy form.The lithium target can be once more fusing in less than 1 second because total fusion energy of the proton beam of 300keV, 36 μ A 1/2 is 200 watts, and cause the temperature rise of 220 ℃ of per seconds when 0.6 fusion efficient.
According to traditional theory, the lithium target can melt because of following two kinds of reasons: because fusion efficient is little, proton can be delivered to the lithium paper tinsel with the heat energy form; Or if fusion efficient height, helium ion fusion accessory substance energy is delivered to the lithium paper tinsel with the heat energy form.
The feasibility of the long-life of lithium target under so high proton beam for hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device provides experimental evidence.
The general discussion that hydrogen-lithium fusion is produced
The proton beam that is produced by hydrogen quickens to produce proton-lithium fusion by well-known method.Proton beam can be produced by ion accelerator, and for example, ion implanter, normal form (Van de Graff) accelerator, radio frequency four polar field (RF Quadruple) accelerator or other so install.Term " ion accelerator " is used as the genus class term that any method of a kind of usefulness is come any device of speeding-up ion.
Protons accelerated target alignment lithium target.Term " lithium target " one after the other is used as special shape, size or contains the genus class term of target of the composition of lithium.For example, target can be lithium metal, lithia or lithium alloy.The lithium target should be the lithium paper tinsel of thickness less than 2.4mm.
The lithium target can replenish with well-known method.For example, the reel of lithium or lithium alloy band is capable of circulationly by the target fixture; For example visible Figure 10.Other fuel supplement method is shutoff device and changes the lithium target.
The target fixture generally includes two blocks of plates that have centre bore, and two plates are clipped in the middle the lithium foil target.The thickness of every block of plate should surpass π (3.14...) mm, and the edge of every block of plate answers rounding or alternate manner to cut sth. askew to remove wedge angle.The thickness of target fixture plate and chamfered edge allow the proton that enters and the helium ion that withdraws from only to experience II class gravity by lithium target nucleus rather than the effect of target fixture nuclear.The target fixture can be that aluminium, nickel or any other can be used for also preferably leading the material that becomes popular from the lithium target in the vacuum chamber.
When proton during near the lithium target, proton stands the II class gravity by the lithium nuclear effect in the ring of the every side of lithium paper tinsel that is approximately 2.4mm from proton.This II class gravity causes proton to stand to add to the momentum that lithium is examined the continuous random of direction.Its result, proton enters at random and examines the probability that starts fusion with lithium and can approach 1.
Proton-lithium fusion incident causes producing two high energy helium ions.Be similar to the motion of proton in the lithium target, the helium ion also stands the continuous random momentum by the II class gravity interpolation of lithium nuclear effect, but is positioned at the ring that is approximately the every side of lithium paper tinsel of 9.6mm from the helium ion.Its result, the probability that the helium ion is walked out the lithium paper tinsel at random can approach 1, and the helium ion will withdraw from the lithium target and not with heat transferred to the lithium target.
The helium ion that generates can be used as the power source of various application, for example, and electric gravity generator, gravity door or gravity propelling motor.
After transmitting kinetic energy, the helium ion can be collected with the well-known method such as vacuum pump.
The application of gravity theory in hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device
According to the gravity theory described in the inventor Stephen A.Lipinski of unified gravity company and Hubert doctor's M.Lipinski the inedited technical papers, foretold hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device, this paper works is in June, 2007, be entitled as " Gravity Theory Based on Mass-Energy Equivalence (based on the gravity theory of quality-energy balance) ", wherein very most of submits to provisional application form early.This paper can find from paragraph (0231) begins (0350) before the claim.
According to gravity theory based on quality-energy balance, act on by object A and to equate or the object B of smaller size smaller goes up that (for example, lithium nuclear acts on the proton, and lithium nuclear acts on the helium ion, the helium ionization is on electronics, or the helium ionization is on the space structure unit) II class gravitational potential V GProvide by following formula:
V G(r B)＝-Gm Am Bλ A/λ B?J 0(r B/λ B)/r B(1-v A 2/c 2) -1/2(1-v B 2/c 2) 1/21/π(1/ε| ε＝0)，
Wherein, r BBe the distance of object A from object B, G is a gravity constant, m ABe the rest mass of object A, m BBe the rest mass of object B, λ ABe the gravity wavelength of object A, λ BBe the gravity wavelength of object B, J 0Be 0 rank Bessel function of the first kind, v ABe the speed of object A, v BBe the speed of object B, c is the light velocity, and (1/ ε | ε=0) be the single order singular point.
The gravity wavelength X of object GBy formula λ G=N AGM provides, wherein, and N AG≈ 6.0 * 10 23M/kg, and M is a rest mass.For example, the helium ion has gravity wavelength ≈ 4mm, and proton has gravity wavelength ≈ 1mm, and electronics has 0.55 micron of gravity wavelength ≈, and the space structure unit has gravity wavelength ≈ 2mm.
Because II class gravitational potential has the single order singular point, so for the distance less than its gravity wavelength, the II class gravity that is stood by object B is zero.For distance, as long as J greater than its gravity wavelength 0(r B/ λ B) reindexing, will produce very large gravity F G:
F G(r B)＝Gm A 2/λ B?J 1(r B/λ B)/r B(1-v A 2/c 2) -1/2(1-v B 2/c 2) 1/21/π(1/ε| ε＝0)，
Wherein, J 1Be-the rank Bessel function of the first kind r B/ λ BBe J 0Bessel function zero point.For example, J 0The first zero of Bessel function occurs in r B/ λ BDuring value ≈ 2.4.
Because power causes momentum change, so B moves through J when object 0Bessel function is during zero point, and II class gravity is given object B momentum increment along II class gravity direction.
Hydrogen and lithium are the preferred fuel of hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device.The ion accelerator 2 of hydrogen supply in Fig. 1, its alignment targets material 14.(that is) formation, proton beam 16 is well-known process to ion beam, and the available ion accelerator of its realization, ion implanter, normal form accelerator, radio frequency four polar field accelerator or other so install.
When the proton that enters near and when entering the lithium paper tinsel of target then, proton stands II class gravity, this gravity from corresponding to the Bessel function first zero apart from ≈ 2.4mm (each lithium nuclear on 2.4 * 1mm) targets of locating, one side.If from the distance of this side greater than 2.4mm, then II class gravitational potential will comprise on the occasion of and negative value, and II class gravity does not take place.
Its result, proton accepts to be approximately from the proton on lithium paper tinsel both sides the momentum increment of each lithium nuclear in the ring of 2.4mm.Because lithium nuclear occurs in two random position in the 2.4mm ring, so, add continuous little on the original momentum of 300keV proton to and at random momentum increment, can make proton scan the area that pass through lithium paper tinsel more much bigger than single proton diameter.Its result, proton enters at random and can predict with the probability that lithium nuclear starts fusion and approaches 1.
II class gravity can also make the helium ion withdraw from the lithium target and not with thermal energy transfer to target.Because the helium ion is transverse to target, so the helium ion stands II class gravity, this gravity by corresponding to the Bessel function first zero (each lithium nuclear on 2.4 * 4mm) targets of locating, one side applies apart from ≈ 9.6mm.If from the distance of this side greater than 9.6mm, then II class gravitational potential will comprise on the occasion of and negative value, and II class gravity does not take place.
Its result, the helium ion accepts to be approximately from the helium ion on lithium paper tinsel both sides the momentum increment of each lithium nuclear in the ring of 9.6mm.Because lithium nuclear occurs in two random position in the 9.6mm ring, so, add continuous little on the 8.6MeV helium ion source initiating amount to and at random momentum increment, can make the helium ion walk out the lithium target randomly.
If along the nuclear of the target fixture of same direction be applied to II class gravitational potential on the proton comprise on the occasion of and negative value, then the target fixture 12 of hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device does not influence the proton that enters.
If by the thickness of the target fixture on any direction of proton experience greater than J 0This situation then can take place in the distance of Bessel function between two adjacent zero points.Ultimate range between two contiguous zero points be the gravity wavelength π doubly because J 0Bessel function is progressive near cosine function.Therefore, target fixture thickness must greater than about π mm (π * 1mm), so as to avoid the target fixture with the action of gravity of II class on proton.
Electricity gravity generator is used
Electricity gravity generator notion
Electricity gravity generator is a kind of device, and this device prediction can be converted into direct current with hydrogen-lithium fusion kinetic energy by the electronic of gravitational wave.
In electric gravity generator, by the II class gravity of helium ionization on electronics, the fusion kinetic energy of the helium ion that is produced by hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device at first is converted into the electronic (Figure 11, Reference numeral 1110) in one group of contact rod.
Then, the vibrational energy of electronics changes into the galvanic electric field energy in the contact rod.The II class gravity that is similar to the helium ionization causes electronics experience oscillating movement, makes electronics do coron in contact rod, can transform energy thus.
At first direct current is applied to contact rod, makes electronics in contact rod, produce desirable motion.Electronics in the contact rod is parallel to the motion of contact rod input then.Then, induce the magnetic line of force in contact rod, they are parallel to the contact rod trend, and the electron motion that is caused by DC electric field centers on the magnetic line of force with spirality ground.The gravitational motion of this imitation electronics can make the gravity vibrational energy of electronics be converted to the direct current energy.
Form solenoid by twining lead 1112, just can in contact rod, induce the magnetic line of force around contact rod 1110.Direct current is applied in the solenoid circuit, and solenoid current just produces the magnetic line of force in contact rod, and the magnetic line of force is roughly parallel to the contact rod trend.
The planning of experiments of Proof of Concept
This section provides the feasibility that electric gravity generator is verified in a planning of experiments.This experiment needs a hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device, two circuit and one group of conducting element.Below equipment list is summarised in.
Notion experimental verification equipment needed thereby
Mechanism
The G. C. Marshall Space Flight Center in the U.S. Alabamian Huntsville city, space environment influences equipment.
Hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device
Proton beam can 307keV.
The proton beam electric current is between 10 and 40 μ A.
99.9% pure lithium foil target, thickness is 250 microns.
Terminate in the steel six logical vacuum chambers that intersect.
DC power supply
Be connected to the solenoid circuit of vacuum chamber bypass connector.
Be connected to the detection circuit of vacuum chamber bypass connector.
Detecting devices
One group of circuit that conducting element is formed, conducting element is connected in series vacuum chamber bypass connector, is connected to power supply and power resistor in groups.
Potentiometer is used for measuring the direct voltage that traverses vacuum chamber bypass connector.
Ampere meter is used for direct current in the measuring circuit.
Conducting element is made up of 8 standard copper solenoids 1112 of insulation, and 7 inches on this solenoid is long, around the conducting rod 1110 of 1 inch diameter, also has 7 inches long center return conductor 1114.Conducting element is centered on the target, and is positioned to closely surround the target fixture.
11 conducting elements that are connected in series are placed on the ceramic fixture altogether, and this fixture is aimed at the target of conducting element and radial position place, generally as shown in figure 13.The selectively parallel line of conducting element or be independent circuit.The conducting element circuit is connected to the bypass connector on the six logical intersection vacuum chamber flanges.The outside of circuit is connected to power supply and one or more power resistor.
The helix tube that surrounds conducting rod also is connected in series, and is connected to another bypass connector.Moreover wiring can be parallel or be independent circuit.The outside of circuit is connected to power supply and one or more power resistor.In Figure 13, lithium target 1312 is fixing by target fixture 1314.The proton at nozzle 1316 guiding targets 1312 places.Action of gravity is propagated with respect to the radial direction of target, along the axis propagation of conducting rod 1320.In process units, more a plurality of bars are in advance in respect of higher efficient.
Direct current is applied on the solenoid circuit, and to produce the magnetic line of force in each conducting rod, they are parallel to the conducting rod trend.By the direct current that increases or reduce to apply, can adjust magnetic field intensity.
Second direct current is applied to the conducting element circuit.When the solenoidal magnetic line of force occurred, the gravity vibration that is similar to electronics was such, and electronics is made spiralling around the magnetic line of force.
The direct voltage of the conducting element part of circuit is traversed in the potentiometer measurement, and ampere meter is measured the direct current in the conducting element circuit.When hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device closes, the electronics in the helium ion vibration conducting rod, the DC electric field in the conducting element circuit is amplified in the vibration of electronics.The operation of this device provides the experimental verification of electric gravity generator feasibility.
Generating
Hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device (1312,1314,1316) is used as the power supply of electric gravity generator.
The sphere combination of the conducting element 1320 of Figure 13 is positioned in the vacuum chamber of ion accelerator, makes its length to orientation of its axis lithium target.Conducting element comprises the helix tube 1322 around conducting rod 1320.Conducting element is centered on the target, and is positioned to closely surround the target fixture.Helix tube and conducting rod line and form one or more circuit.
When direct current is applied to the helix tube circuit, in each conducting rod, produce the magnetic line of force, they are parallel to the conducting rod trend.Circuit identical or that separate is applied on the conducting rod circuit, preferably DC circuit.The gravity vibration of the electronics that the helium ion fusion accessory substance that the interior electronic motion of conducting rod then is similar to hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device causes.
When hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device was operated, helium ion fusion accessory substance was to the electronic action II class ripple gravity in the conducting rod.II class gravitational wave only with equate or the particle interaction of less quality that for example, the unit of electronics or space structure like this, does not influence bigger atomic nucleus.
The helium ionic byproducts of fusion reaction is evicted from symmetrically with respect to target.The motion of helium ion forms II class gravitational wave, and the electronics in the gravitational wave vibration conducting rod is so that the electronics of kinetic energy in can be from the helium ion transfer to conducting rod.
The structure of conducting element, shape, volume, quality and material are designed so that the vibrate electrons quantity maximum that the II class gravitational wave of helium ion formation causes.For example, conducting element can be to have the solenoidal copper rod of insulated copper.
Because magnetic field and direct current in advance are applied to conducting rod, electronics is made spiralling around the magnetic line of force.Because the coron of electronics is similar to the gravity vibration of electronics,, therefore amplified circuit so the gravity vibrational energy of electronics is converted into electrical power.
The helium ion kinetic energy that is converted into electric power is partly determined by following two aspects: the quantity of indivedual fusion reactions of generation, and the efficient that transforms fusion kinetic energy by the II class gravity that electronics in the conducting element stands.
Forming the required electric energy of proton beam in hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device and the solenoid circuit should be less than the fusion kinetic energy that changes electric power into.Then, the fusion kinetic energy that changes the release of electric power into can be kept all electricity needs of electric gravity generator, still produces excessive electric power simultaneously.
After the power consumption that hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device starts or starts, as long as can provide hydrogen and lithium to keep fusion reaction, then electric gravity generator self just can continue.
The dump power that electricity gravity generator produces can be with being fed to applications such as the such well-known method of electrical network.
Illustrative generating
Suppose:
Ionic type=proton
Ion accelerator=pelletron formula accelerator
Proton energy=307keV
Beam electronic current=10mA (6.210 6Proton/second)
Standard lithium target ( 6Li: 7Li)=(7.5%: 92.5%)
Fusion efficient=100%
The fusion kinetic energy that per second transforms
=fusion efficient * proton/second * fusion energy
＝1.0*6.210 6*(0.075*4.0Mev+0.925*17.2Mev)
=1.010 18Mev=1.610 5Joule/second=160 kilowatt
The gravity door is used
The space structure characteristic
According to the gravity theory based on quality-energy balance, space structure is quantified as discrete unit, and they have the rest mass that equals 2 protonatomic masses, 2 millimeters characteristic wavelength, and the ability that stores and transform kinetic energy with the vibrational energy form.
When kinetic energy was converted into space structure, space structure was pressed following formula and is shunk:
r 2＝r 1(1-v 2/c 2) 1/2，
Wherein, r 2Be the parasang in the space structure that shrinks, r 1Be the original interior parasang of space structure, v measures the kinetic energy that is delivered in the space structure, and c is the light velocity.
When the kinetic energy that adds object caused its speed to increase, then the single order singular point by II class gravity caused space structure to shrink to space structure interpolation kinetic energy.
Because the single order singular point of II class gravity is very big, so, foretell that based on the gravity theory of quality-energy balance space structure shrinks very fast, so that can surpass effective transmission speed of the light velocity.
Gravity door notion
The gravity door is a device, is used for sending and/or accepting by electromagnetic wave or physical objects along the space that requires direction of transfer to shrink.This device utilizes hydrogen-lithium fusion, so that the kinetic energy of helium ion fusion accessory substance is delivered in the space structure.Helium ion focusing is transferred to the interior kinetic energy of space structure along transmission direction shrink space structure in the transmission direction that requires.Electromagnetic effective speed by the space transmission of shrinking is greater than the light velocity.The effective speed of the physical objects by the space transmission of shrinking depends on the speed and the space shrinkage ratio of object in the shrink space, and its result may surpass the light velocity.
In the gravity door gear of Figure 14-15, by helium ion fusion kinetic energy and the rest mass that hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device produces, make the space structure distortion of surrounding the helium ion, and the object that is equal to or less than helium ion size is caused II class gravitational wave.The space structure unit that this allows the vibration of helium ion to have the rest mass of 2 protonatomic masses.
Proton 1418 and the helium ion that target 1412 collisions produce by nozzle 1416 guiding by along the solenoid 1422 that requires transmission direction to aim at, focus on towards the front of gravity door gear.Vacuum tank 1420 surrounds fusion target, solenoid and relevant material.Solenoid also makes the helium ion around the magnetic line of force twist.The spiralling of helium ion can along the transmission direction that requires with kinetic energy from the helium ion transport in the space structure unit, and along axis transmission by nozzle 1416, solenoid 1422 and transmitter 1437.
By the II class gravity vibration of space structure, the kinetic energy that is delivered in the space structure causes space structure along requiring direction of transfer to shrink.
Require direction of transfer shrink space structure by the edge, the gravity door gear can send and/or accept electromagnetic wave or physical objects along the transmission direction that require with the effective transmission speed that may surpass the light velocity.
Effective transmission speed is defined as transmission speed in the space structure of contraction divided by the space shrinkage ratio.The space shrinkage ratio is defined as space structure and shrinks the interior parasang of space structure afterwards divided by the parasang in the space structure before the space structure contraction.
The gravity door can be used for film viewing screen, space communication system, propulsion system, supply system, the gravity computer on telescope, the space shuttle, or need transmit any other device or the system of electromagnetic wave or physical objects with the effective transmission speed that may surpass the light velocity.
Single gravity door
The helium ion that is produced by hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device focuses on towards the front of gravity door, and the gravity in Figure 14 and 15 in front of the door face its kinetic energy is delivered to the unit of space structure.Continuously the helium ion that discharges forms II class ripple gravity, II class ripple gravity with the gravity wavelength of unit in the gravity unit of surface vibration space structure in front of the door.
Being delivered to helium ion kinetic energy in the space structure, to cause gravity space structure unit in front of the door to become relativistic, therefore, according to the gravity theory based on quality-energy balance require instantaneous contraction gravity space structure in front of the door.
Because electromagnetic wave moves through the space of contraction with the light velocity, transmission is that the light velocity is divided by the space shrinkage ratio by the electromagnetic effective speed of the space structure that shrinks.Therefore, be that such external reference is that effective transmission speed is greater than the light velocity according to original reference such as door.
The effective speed of transmission by the physical objects of the space structure that shrinks be in the space of shrinking object speed divided by the space shrinkage ratio.Therefore, effective transmission speed can be greater than the light velocity.
Its result, the gravity door can be sending above the effective transmission speed of the light velocity and/or accept along electromagnetic wave or the physical objects of the transmission direction that requires by the space structure of contraction.
A plurality of gravity doors
The gravity door fractional part ground of each gravity gate array is determined by following aspect among Figure 16: the existing gravity door that can supply, forms the efficient of space structure contraction and the precision that requires direction of transfer.Hereinafter the term of Shi Yonging " gravity gate array " is meant the genus class term of any structure that contains one or more gravity doors.
As described in illustrative example, the inventor has described the gravity gate array that contains three gravity door 1631-33, and they arrange symmetrically around central axis, the axes intersect of central axis and each gravity door in direct above array 1: 1635.(gravity door 1633 is shown as does not have vacuum tank, so it more is similar to Figure 15.)
For electromagnetic wave or radiant energy, disk antenna 1637 and transmitter/receiver are upwards aimed at and are centered in the gravity gate array of gravity door-hinge line intersection point below.Propagation can be near being accepted in real time on big distance by any electromagnetic wave of the space structure of contraction.Signal also can realize as follows near propagating in real time on big distance, promptly will send in the space structure that signal is input to contraction by transmitter/receiver and disk antenna.
For physical objects, device or system that disk antenna and transmitter/receiver are sent to object in the space structure of contraction substitute.If the gravity gate array is the part of container, then this container also can be accelerated in the space structure of contraction.
For little space shrinkage ratio, the gravity gate array must very greatly or be embedded in the object big or big quality, because I class and II class gravity also work, they are tending towards along requiring transmission direction that the gravity gate array is accelerated in the space structure of contraction.
The detailed description of gravity door
1412,1416,1418 pairs of gravity doors of hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device provide proton-lithium fusion energy resource.
Focus on the back that solenoid 1422 is positioned at the target fixture in the vacuum chamber 1430.The helium ion that solenoidal magnetic focusing is formed along transmission direction by hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device.Solenoid also causes the helium ion to center on along the magnetic line of force that requires moving direction twist.
By the conducting element as in the electric gravity generator, selectively form the fusion kinetic energy of the helium ion generation of moving with the required direction rightabout.
The spiralling of helium ion and helium ion rest mass and kinetic energy form II class ripple gravity, and this gravity vibration and gravity is the space structure unit of face in front of the door, and its result is transferred to space structure with kinetic energy.
Space structure is quantified as discrete unit, and wherein each unit of space structure has the rest mass (2m that equals 2 protonatomic masses p), equal the characteristic length of 2mm, and store and transmission as the ability of the kinetic energy of vibrational energy.
The helium ion projects and is referred to as the gravity space structure zone of the transmission region of face in front of the door.The rest mass m of space structure transmission region AThe unit number that equals space structure in the transmission region multiply by the rest mass of a unit of space structure.
m AUnit number * 2m in the=transmission region p
The quality of helium ion and kinetic energy form II class gravitational wave, and the gravitational wave vibration and gravity is the unit of the space structure of face in front of the door, and its result is transferred to kinetic energy the transmission region of space structure.
Be transferred to energy KE in the space structure transmission region according to quality-energy balance by parameter v A/ c stipulates:
KE＝m A?c 2{(1-v A 2/c 2) -1/2-1}，
Wherein, m ABe the rest mass of space structure transmission region, v ABe the energy in the space structure transmission region of being transferred to that records, c is the light velocity.When the kinetic energy of transmission increases, " v A/ c " increase near 1.
According to gravity theory, be transferred to the transmission direction shrink space structure that the kinetic energy edge in the space structure transmission region requires based on quality-energy balance:
r 2＝r 1(1-v A 2/c 2) 1/2，
Wherein, r 2Be parasang in the shrink space structure, r 1Be the parasang in original space structure, v ABe the energy in the space structure transmission region of being transferred to that records, c is the light velocity.
When space structure when required direction shrinks, electromagnetic wave shrinks towards the gravity door together in company with space structure.This allows gravity Men Qizuo to approach real-time telescope or communication device.
Electromagnetic wave by the transmission of gravity door is propagated with effective transmission speed, and this speed equals the light velocity divided by the space shrinkage ratio.If space structure shrinks, then effective transmission speed is greater than the light velocity.
Physical objects by the transmission of gravity door requires transmission direction to propagate with effective transmission speed edge, and this speed equals the speed of object in the shrink space structure divided by the space shrinkage ratio.Its result, effective transmission speed may be greater than the light velocity.
Illustrative gravity door example
Suppose:
Physical objects quality m B=10 4Kg (11 tons)
Physical objects initial velocity v B=0m/sec
The gravity door from the space structure transmission region apart from r B=5m
Space structure regional diameter=1m
Diameter=the 2mm of space structure unit
Transmission region thickness=Unit 1
Unit=2.5*10 in the transmission region 5
Rest mass of proton m p=1.67*10 -27Kg
Rest mass=the 2m of space structure unit p
The rest mass m of transmission region A=2.5*10 5* 2m p
Gravity constant G=6.67*10 -11Nm 2/ kg 2
Terrestrial gravitation acceleration g=9.8m/sec 2
The light velocity=3.0*10 8M/sec
Light-year=9.46*10 15m
When effective gravity size was identical with the terrestrial gravitation acceleration, shrank in the space:
II class gravity=1.17/2 π Gm Bm B/ r B 2
II class gravity/space shrinkage ratio=terrestrial gravitation
1.17/2πGm Bm B(1-v A 2/c 2) -1/2/r B 2＝m B?g
Space shrinkage ratio=(1-v A 2/ c 2) 1/2=5.07*10 -10
Required total kinetic energy=m Ac 2{ (1-v A 2/ c 2) -1/2-1}
=1.48*10 5J (148Kw or 9.24*10 17Mev)
Light-year=light-year * space shrinkage ratio=the 4.80*10 that shrinks 3Km
When gravity was caused by logarithmic singularity, shrank in the space:
Logarithmic singularity equation: mB/mA=(1+vB/c)/(1-vA/c)
Space shrinkage ratio=(1-vA2/c2) 1/2
＝{2(1+v B/c)m A/m B-(1+v B/c) 2m A 2/m B 2} 1/2＝4.09*10 -13
Required total kinetic energy=m Ac 2{ (1-v A 2/ c 2) -1/2-1}
=2.04*10 7J (20.4Mw or 1.27*10 20Mev)
Light-year=light-year * space shrinkage ratio=the 3.87km that shrinks
The gravity propelling motor is used
Gravity propelling motor notion
Gravity propelling motor 1710 shown in Figure 17 utilizes the gravity of the effect of space structure unit to realize thrust, and indicates according to the gravity theory based on quality-energy balance.It forms hydrogen-lithium fusion, and the kinetic energy that the helium ion is produced is transferred in the space structure unit.The helium ion is along requiring moving direction to focus on.Then, the kinetic energy effect gravity in the space structure unit, this gravity is along the required direction propelling container.Kinetic energy in the space structure is also along required direction shrink space structure, so that effective speed increases.The present invention has two kinds of propelling patterns, and it depends on the amount that is transferred to kinetic energy in the space structure unit.By transmitting finite quantity kinetic energy, can obtain the velocity mode of low speed to middling speed.Transmit the logarithmic singularity that relatively large kinetic energy just is coupled to gravity.This pattern provides extremely high speed, can approach the light velocity.Along requiring moving direction shrink space structure can cause surpassing the effective speed of the light velocity.
The gravity propelling motor utilizes gravitational wave by the vibration of unit the kinetic energy that hydrogen-lithium fusion discharges to be transferred in the space structure unit.The kinetic energy that is transferred in the space structure unit can have two kinds of gravity to advance pattern.In addition, be transferred to kinetic energy in the space structure unit, therefore, allow effective speed to surpass the light velocity also along the moving direction shrink space structure that requires.
In the gravity propelling motor, the fusion kinetic energy of the helium ion that hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device produces and rest mass make the space structure distortion of surrounding the helium ion, and the object that is equal to or less than the helium ion is caused II class gravitational wave.This allows the unit of helium ion oscillation space structure, and these unit have the rest mass of 2 protonatomic masses.
As the gravity door gear, the helium ion focuses on towards the front of gravity propelling motor, in the space structure unit that kinetic energy is transferred to gravity propelling motor front.
It is relativistic that II class gravity vibration transmission by the unit causes the unit to become to the kinetic energy in the space structure unit.This relativistic unit is effect I class and the classic gravity of II class on the container that contains the gravity propelling motor then.As the term of a kind class, expression contains any device of one or more gravity propelling motors to term " container " below.For example, container can be aircraft or space shuttle.
For the gravity propelling motor two kinds of propelling patterns are arranged, the inventor is called the driving of I class and the II class drives.In the I class drove, the gravity propelling motor arrived a large amount of energy delivery in the space structure unit, so that cooperate one of logarithmic singularity in the I class gravity.Logarithmic singularity in this I class gravity is to surpass the speed propelling container of the light velocity.In the II class drives, the gravity propelling motor with limited amount energy delivery in the space structure unit so that II class gravity with low speed to the middling speed propelling container.
Single gravity propelling motor
The helium ion that is produced by hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device focuses on towards the front of gravity propelling motor, and kinetic energy is transferred in the space structure unit of gravity propelling motor front.
The helium ion that discharges forms II class gravitational wave continuously, and this gravitational wave is with the space structure unit of the gravity wavelength vibration and gravity propelling motor front of unit.
The kinetic energy that is transferred to the helium ion in the space structure causes the space structure unit of engine front to become relativistic, therefore effect I class and the classic power of II class on engine.
The I class advances and drives
When the kinetic energy in the space structure unit that is transferred to the container front reaches when cooperating the required kinetic energy threshold value of one of I class logarithmic singularity, container stands extremely big gravity, and this gravity pushes away container before with the speed that can reach the light velocity.
Desired as the gravity theory based on quality-energy balance, the kinetic energy that is delivered in the space structure unit also makes the space structure of container front shrink.This can make container move with the effective speed greater than the light velocity.
I class logarithmic singularity in the gravity is transferred to container with energy and momentum from space structure.
The II class advances and drives
By being delivered to, limited amount kinetic energy can produce the driving of II class in the space structure unit.Being delivered to kinetic energy in the unit, that the unit is become is relativistic.
Compare with classical gravity, act on such as the II class gravity on the such big object of container extremely big by the relativistic unit of space structure.Desired as the gravity theory based on quality-energy balance, the space of being caused by the kinetic energy of space structure is shunk and is caused that II class gravity further increases.Then, II class gravity and the combination that requires the space of moving direction to shrink both are enough to low speed to the middling speed propelling container
II class gravity is transferred to container with energy and momentum from space structure.
A plurality of gravity propelling motors
The gravity propelling motor quantity of each container is partly determined by following several respects: push ahead, turn to, deceleration, reverse propulsion and other redundancy requirement.Shown in an illustrative example, it has described an engine structure, wherein, utilizes three gravity propelling motors to provide and pushes ahead and turn to, and a gravity propelling motor is used to provide slows down and reverse propulsion.
If adopt an above gravity propelling motor to slow down and reverse propulsion, then their gravity propelling motors of being similar to are forward constructed.Like this, they can provide backward advance, be transferred back, deceleration and redundancy requirement.
In Figure 18, provide three gravity propelling motors of pushing ahead directed forward with respect to the container front.The gravity propelling motor is placed symmetrically around the container center axis, and the axes intersect that makes each gravity propelling motor is in direct certain some place in the container front.
Kinetic energy is transferred in the space structure unit of this position, like this, when cooperating driving of I class or II class to drive, allows to quicken equably the quality of whole engine or container.
By reducing or increase the helium amount of ions that hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device produced in one or more gravity propelling motors, just can realize the change of direction.This is with the transmission point of kinetic energy in the transformation space construction unit with respect to container, and change I class or the direction of II class gravity and the contraction of space structure.
Provide the gravity propelling motor of deceleration and reverse propulsion to be placed on container bottom, be positioned at the center or center on the container center axis and arrange symmetrically.Kinetic energy is transferred in the space structure unit of container back, after cooperating the driving of I class or II class, allows the container all-mass to slow down equably.
The detailed description of single gravity propelling motor
Proton among Figure 17 of gravity propelling motor 1710-lithium fusion energy resource is provided by hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device.
The solenoid 1714 that focuses on is positioned at target fixture 1716 back in the vacuum chamber 1718 of hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device.The edge that the magnetic focusing of solenoid 1714 is produced by hydrogen-hydrogen-lithium fusion device requires the helium ion of transmission direction.Solenoid also causes the helium ion around along the magnetic line of force of required direction twist.
By conducting element, can form the fusion kinetic energy that is produced along the helium ion that requires the opposite direction of moving direction to move as electric gravity generator.
Space structure is quantified as discrete unit, and wherein, each unit of space structure has and equals 2 protonatomic mass (2m p) rest mass, 2 millimeters characteristic wavelength, and the ability that stores and transform kinetic energy with the vibrational energy form.
Helium ion gravity propelling motor 1710 fronts in Figure 17 project in the zone of the space structure that is referred to as transmission region.The rest mass m of space structure transmission region AEqual the rest mass that the interior element number of transmission region multiply by the space structure unit.
m AUnit number * 2m in the=transmission region p
The quality of helium ion and kinetic energy form II class gravitational wave, the space structure unit of these gravitational wave vibration and gravity propelling motor 1710 fronts, and its result is transferred to kinetic energy in the space structure transmission region.
Be transferred to energy KE in the space structure transmission region according to quality-energy balance by parameter v A/ c regulation:
KE=m Ac 2{ (1-v A 2/ c 2) -1/2-1}, wherein m ABe the rest mass of space structure transmission region, v ABe the energy in each unit of space structure transmission region of being transferred to that records, and c is the light velocity.But when kinetic energy increases, " v A/ c " parameter increases towards 1.
Be transferred to the kinetic energy in the space structure transmission region, according to based on the desired moving direction shrink space of the gravity theory of quality-energy balance structure:
r 2=r 1(1-v A 2/ c 2) 1/2, r wherein 2Be the distance in the shrink space structure that records, and r1 is the distance in the original space structure that records, vA is the energy in the space structure transmission region of being transferred to that records, and c is the light velocity.
Drive for the II class, limited amount kinetic energy is transferred in the space structure unit.This allows the gravity of the interior unit of space structure transmission region to container effect II class, and along required direction shrink space structure, so that with the speed propelling container of low speed to middling speed.
In gravity theory, make v if be transferred to kinetic energy in the space structure based on quality-energy balance A/ c ≈ 1 then acts on II class gravity F on the container by the space structure transmission region GMake the rest mass of space structure transmission region be revealed as the rest mass of container.If we suppose v for simplicity B/ c=0 then can obtain:
F G(r B)≈Gm Bm B?1/2πRe{sin -1(log4)-sin -1(log4+iπ)}/r B 2，
Wherein, r BBe the distance from container to the kinetic energy transmission region, G is a gravity constant, m BBe the rest mass of container, the real part of Re{} expression, sin -1Be arcsin function, v BBe the container initial velocity, c is the light velocity.
II class gravity and along the combination of the contraction of the space structure of required direction, with the speed propelling container of low speed to middling speed.Along the contraction of the space structure of required direction even can make container reach effective speed greater than the light velocity.
Drive for the I class, the energy that is transferred in the space structure transmission region increases widely, so that cooperate one of 8 logarithmic singularities in the I class gravity.The equation of this logarithmic singularity is:
m B/m A＝(1+v B/c)/(1-v A/c)，
Wherein, m BBe the container rest mass, m ABe the rest mass of space structure transmission region, v BBe the container speed when cooperating logarithmic singularity, v ABe the energy in the space structure transmission region of being transferred to that records, and c is the light velocity.
The space contraction factor is obtained by logarithmic singularity:
(1-v A 2/c 2) 1/2＝{2(1+v B/c)m A/m B-(1+v B/c) 2m A 2/m B 2} 1/2，
Wherein, m ABe the rest mass of space structure transmission region, m BBe the container rest mass, v ABe the energy in the space structure transmission region of being transferred to that records, v BBe container speed, and c is the light velocity.
Work as v A/ c is fully near 1 o'clock, and the singular point equation is met, and container stands to have the extremely strong gravity of logarithmic singularity.Act on logarithmic singularity in the I class gravity on the container by the space structure transmission region, can cause approaching the high speed of the light velocity.Along requiring moving direction shrink space structure, can make container reach effective speed greater than the light velocity.
The detailed description of a plurality of gravity propelling motors
Gravity propelling motor 1810 quantity of each container 1812 (Figure 18) are partly determined by following aspect: push ahead, turn to, deceleration, reverse propulsion and other redundancy requirement.Shown in an illustrative example, it has described an engine structure, wherein, utilize three gravity propelling motors 1810 to provide and push ahead and turn to, a gravity propelling motor (be shown as and do not have its vacuum tank) is used to provide slows down and reverse propulsion.
Advancing array is to belong to the class term, the one group of gravity propelling motor that is used to push ahead and turn to, and the gravity propelling motor that is used for container deceleration and reverse propulsion.
For example, be used to provide and advance three gravity propelling motors that advance forward in the array, arrange symmetrically, and be inclined upwardly and make the projection of helium ion and intersect at a bit locating of container top around the central axis of container.
The gravity propelling motor that is used to slow down is towards container back projection helium ion.The position of the helium ion of the projection that is used to slow down is opposite with the ion joining that is used to push ahead.
By using three gravity propelling motors to be used to push ahead or reverse propulsion, increase or minimizing can change the direction of container by the hydrogen ion quantity that the ion accelerator in one or more gravity propelling motors provides.Because space structure is along requiring moving direction to shrink, so the change of direction takes place with step-by-step system.
When cooperating driving of I class or II class to drive, the shape of container allows to quicken equably.
The illustrative example of gravity propelling motor
Suppose:
Container mass m B=10 4Kg (11 tons)
Container initial velocity v B=0m/sec
Container from the space structure transmission region apart from r B=5m
Space structure transmission region diameter=1m
Diameter=the 2mm of space structure unit
Transmission region thickness=Unit 1
Unit=2.5*10 in the transmission region 5
Rest mass of proton m p=1.67*10 -27Kg
Rest mass=the 2m of space structure unit p
The rest mass m of transmission region A=2.5*10 5* 2m p
Gravity constant G=6.67*10 -11Nm 2/ kg 2
Terrestrial gravitation acceleration g=9.8m/sec 2
The light velocity=3.0*10 8M/sec
Light-year=9.46*10 15m
When effective gravity size was identical with the terrestrial gravitation acceleration, the II class drove:
II class gravity=1.17/2 π Gm Bm B/ r B 2
II class gravity/space shrinkage ratio=terrestrial gravitation
1.17/2πGm Bm B(1-v A 2/c 2) -1/2/r B 2＝m B?g
Space shrinkage ratio=(1-v A 2/ c 2) 1/2=5.07*10 -10
Required total kinetic energy=m Ac 2{ (1-v A 2/ c 2) -1/2-1}
=1.48*10 5J (148Kw or 9.24*10 17Mev)
The I class drives the logarithmic singularity that cooperates in the effective gravity:
Logarithmic singularity equation: m B/ m A=(1+vB/c)/(1-vA/c)
Space shrinkage ratio=(1-vA2/c2) 1/2
＝{2(1+v B/c)m A/m B-(1+v B/c) 2m A 2/m B 2} 1/2＝4.09*10 -13
Required total kinetic energy=m Ac 2{ (1-v A 2/ c 2) -1/2-1}
=2.04*10 7J (20.4Mw or 1.27*10 20Mev)
Light-year=light-year * space shrinkage ratio=the 3.87km that shrinks
Some specific embodiments
The present invention can be practiced as a kind of method or be suitable for putting into practice the device of this method.Embodiment is the target assembly that is used for producing the proton generator of proton beam.Proton beam throws along axis, and has the lateral dimension at the target position place.This target assembly comprises the target supporting member that is positioned at the target position place and has the lithium target of preceding and rear surface.The lithium target is by the target supporting members support.The lithium target has the target thickness of the minimum that is roughly parallel to the proton beam shaft centerline measurement.Preceding and the back target surface of the exposure that the target supporting member is configured to make target have no target support member material.Target region can with the front surface that exposes project the rear surface of exposure and get the preceding of exposure and the area of back target region between overlapping define.Target region is the target that is used for proton beam.
The aspect of this embodiment is the maximum target thickness of restriction, makes it less than J 0The first zero of Bessel function multiply by the gravity wavelength of proton.Can estimate, measure that maximum target thickness need be less than approximate 2.4mm according to this.
Perhaps, maximum target thickness can be less than J 0The distance between zero point in succession of Bessel function multiply by the gravity wavelength of proton.In this case, can estimate that maximum target thickness need be less than approximate 3.14mm (" π " mm).
Another aspect of this embodiment is the minimum target supporting member thickness of restriction, makes it greater than J 0The distance between zero point in succession of Bessel function multiply by the gravity wavelength of proton.Once more, can estimate that this amount is similar to 3.14mm (" π " mm).
Perhaps, minimum target supporting member thickness can make it greater than J 0The first zero of Bessel function multiply by the gravity wavelength of proton.Can estimate that this is measured needs minimum target supporting member thickness to be approximately 2.4mm.
In above-mentioned all embodiment, the thickness of target or target fixture is to measure along the axis of proton beam.
This embodiment is on the other hand, and the target supporting member can define target region.The target supporting member is constituted of aluminium.The target supporting member can have preceding and rear section, make target be clipped in preceding and the rear section between.
Target itself can comprise lithium, such as lithium metal, or contains the material of lithium, such as lithia or lithium alloy.The target region of target can be circular.For circular, this target can have minimum lateral dimension, and it adds the lateral dimension of proton beam for 19.2mm at least.Target can have homogeneous thickness.
Another embodiment is a target assembly, its recombinated various features and above-mentioned each side.This target assembly is used for producing the proton generator along the proton beam of axis.Proton beam has lateral dimension at the target position place.This target assembly comprises the target supporting member that can be positioned at target position.Target assembly has the minimum target thickness that is roughly parallel to the proton beam shaft centerline measurement.Minimum target supporting member thickness is greater than J 0The distance between zero point in succession of Bessel function multiply by the gravity wavelength of proton.Also have, can estimate that this amount is similar to 3.14mm.The target supporting member also comprises the lithium target, and the lithium target has by the preceding and rear surface of target supporting members support.Target has maximum ga(u)ge, and it equals J 0The first zero of Bessel function multiply by the gravity wavelength of proton.Can estimate that this is measured needs minimum target supporting member thickness to be approximately 2.4mm.
Preceding and the back target surface of the exposure that the target supporting member among this embodiment is configured to make target have no target support member material.Target region can be defined as follows: throw the preceding and back target surface that exposes along the proton beam axis, and get the overlapping between the projected area.Target region is the target that is used for proton beam.The target supporting member defines target region.This target has minimum lateral dimension, and it adds the lateral dimension of proton beam for 19.2mm at least.
As a kind of method, this corresponding embodiment is suitable for making target assembly to be used for and can to use with the proton generator along the proton beam of axis.Proton beam has the lateral dimension at the target position place.This method comprises the lithium target material of selecting to have preceding and rear surface, and this target material that is used for target region has maximum ga(u)ge, less than J 0The first zero of Bessel function multiply by the gravity wavelength of proton.Can estimate that it is approximately 2.4mm.
An aspect of this method is the target material of selecting to have uniform thickness.
Be to select target on the other hand, it comprises at least a in lithium metal, lithia or the lithium alloy.
Can select the target supporting member, it is circular making target region.The target supporting member can be an aluminium matter.
Target can be installed between two parts of target supporting member, make target material be clipped in before the target supporting member and the rear section between.Each part of supporting member can have the thickness according to above-mentioned criterion, or the part of combination can be the size according to above-mentioned criterion.
The correlation technique that uses above-mentioned target supporting member to put into practice is the method that produces continuable hydrogen-lithium fusion.This method comprises the lithium target material of selecting to have preceding and rear surface, and this material has roughly above-mentioned size.This method also comprises target material is installed on the target supporting member, is positioned at the target assembly at target position place with formation, and it can have above-mentioned size and feature.Put into practice this method, implement to select and installation action, make target assembly comprise the lithium target of preceding and rear surface of the exposure of no target support member material.Preceding and the rear surface of this exposure defines aforesaid target region.This method also comprises along axis projection proton beam, and makes proton and the nuclear of the lithium in the target region in the proton beam that fusion take place.
An aspect of this method is hydrogen-lithium fusion was continued more than 10 minutes and not melt target material.
Another aspect is that implementation efficiency is higher than 5% when combination proton and lithium nuclear, preferably is higher than 50%.Efficient can approach 100%, for example, reaches 90%, 95% or 99%.As if present experiment show the high efficiency under the infusible situation of given target.Other experiment that the grain count instrument on the expection efficiency range is carried out is demarcated in use, can support these to estimate refinement more.
Another correlation technique that uses above-mentioned target supporting member to implement, or as producing improving one's methods of lasting hydrogen-lithium fusion, this method is a kind of method that produces amplified current.This method comprises that gravitational wave that formation causes by the fusion accessory substance is so that amplified current.In one embodiment, this electric current is a direct current.
This method comprise the fusion accessory substance on the other hand, these accessory substances distribute along vector D, and come amplified current by a plurality of conducting elements being exposed to the gravitational wave that is produced by the fusion accessory substance.Conducting element is aimed at, and makes its axis roughly along some vector D.On this meaning, when vector be taken as from the fusion accessory substance produce local initial the time, conducting element is generally aimed at along some vector.This of conducting element kind is consistent to the aligning of the gravitational wave that will definitely produce with the fusion accessory substance.
The solenoid to surrounding conducting element that comprises on the other hand of this method applies electric current, generally aims at by the magnetic line of force of conducting element and with some vector D and conducting element to produce.Those skilled in the art will recognize that the magnetic line of force is not parallel.Surround the solenoid generation of cylinder core and the magnetic line of force of cylinder rough alignment.
Comprising on the other hand of this method projects proton beam on the lithium target, and forms hydrogen in described target-lithium fusion collision, and thus, the fusion accessory substance is the helium ion that moves apart target along vector D.This aspect of method can be combined with any others or the feature of the method that produces amplifying circuit.Be appreciated that the helium ion produces gravitational wave, and gravitational wave amplifies the electric current in the conducting element.
The gravitational wave that use is produced by the fusion accessory substance, the embodiment of this corresponding intrument amplifies electrical power.This device comprises protons accelerated bundle and the target that comprises the lithium that is exposed to proton beam, and thus, the fusion collision between protons accelerated and the lithium atom has formed the helium ion, and these ions move apart target along vector D.This device also comprises one or more conducting elements along some vector D rough alignment, and is connected to the starting circuit on the conducting element, and this circuit includes the electric current that will be exaggerated.This device also comprises the solenoid that is enclosed in around the conducting element, and these element conduction currents also produce magnetic field, and the magnetic line of force in magnetic field is by the inner core of conducting element.
This device comprise at least one ion accelerator on the other hand, it produces the protons accelerated bundle by ionization hydrogen and ion of quickening to generate.This aspect can be combined with the others of the helium ion that produces gravitational wave, and wherein, gravitational wave produces the gravitation and the gravitational repulsion of electronics, and wherein, electronics is delivered to the gravity wave energy in the electric current that will be exaggerated.
A kind of distinct methods that forms energy from fusion reaction is such method: it is to surpass the effective transmission speed transmission radiant energy of the light velocity.This method comprises along predetermined direction the kinetic energy that fusion reaction produces is transferred in the space structure zone, wherein, kinetic energy is transferred in the space structure, can be along predetermined direction shrink space structure.This method also comprises uses the space structure that shrinks to transmit emittance along predetermined direction, and to reach the effective transmission speed above the light velocity, it is measured in the referential of transmitter.Emittance can be electromagnetic energy or accelerated particle.Predetermined direction can be aimed at the direction that the projection accelerating proton produces fusion reaction.Fusion reaction can be to use the above-mentioned any device or the hydrogen-lithium fusion reaction of method.Magnetic field can apply the magnetic line of force along predetermined direction, and throws overlapping with the position that produces fusion reaction.The introduction by magnetic field that some the helium ion that is produced by hydrogen-lithium fusion reaction can be directed also focuses on predetermined direction.
A kind ofly form energy and the corresponding intrument of shrink space structure from fusion reaction, the kinetic energy that fusion reaction is produced is delivered in the space structure effectively.This device comprises the protons accelerated bundle and comprises the target of lithium.This target is exposed in the proton beam, and thus, the fusion collision between accelerating proton and the lithium atom produces the helium ion at a certain position.This device also comprises one or more magnets, and magnet applies the directed magnetic line of force along predetermined direction, and the magnetic line of force is aimed at and intersected at the position of fusion collision.Because the kinetic energy of fusion reaction is transferred in the space structure, so the operation of this device causes the zone of space structure to be shunk along predetermined direction.This device also comprises the electromagnetic transmitter of aiming at the space structure that shrinks.In operation, the space structure that the electromagnetic transmitter utilization is shunk sends electromagnetic radiation effectively, if measure from the referential of device, as if then transmission speed surpasses the light velocity.
Another distinct methods in addition that forms the fusion reaction energy is such method: use the gravity by the effect of space structure unit to come propelling container.This method comprises along predetermined direction the fusion reaction kinetic energy that produces on the container is transferred in the space structure zone.According to this method, kinetic energy is transferred in the space structure, can form along the gravitation of the container of predetermined direction.
This method also comprise a zone on the other hand along predetermined direction shrink space structure, and use the space structure that shrinks to reduce transmitting time, this time measures in the pre-referential that sends.
The corresponding intrument that forms the fusion reaction energy is a kind of method, and it is transferred in the space structure kinetic energy and the shrink space structure.This method comprises the accelerating proton bundle that produces on container and the container.It also comprises target, and target comprises that by the lithium that is exposed to the container carrying in the proton beam thus, the fusion collision between a certain position protons accelerated bundle and lithium atom has formed the helium ion.This device also comprises one or more magnets near target, magnet applies directed magnetic field, the magnetic line of force is roughly along predetermined direction, aim at and intersect at the position of fusion collision, thus, the kinetic energy that the fusion collision is produced is delivered in the space structure zone, thereby forms the gravitation of container along predetermined direction.
In operation, an aspect of this device comprises the helium ion, and the helium ion centers on the magnetic line of force along predetermined direction twist, and the kinetic energy of helium ion is transferred in the zone of space structure.
Comprising on the other hand of this device is transferred to kinetic energy in the zone, thus along predetermined direction shrink space structure, allow container to advance by the space structure that shrinks with the transmitting time that reduces, the time measures in the pre-referential that sends, and makes transmission along predetermined direction.
This device be the similar device of a plurality of arrangements on the other hand in addition, push ahead to provide, turn to, deceleration and reverse propulsion to container.Multiple arrangement also can be arranged in redundancy is provided.
Those skilled in the art can visualize various modifications and combination, and these modifications and combination will be included within the scope of spirit of the present invention and attached claims.
Reproduce the technical papers that the inventor describes its gravity theory with the lower part.
Gravity theory based on quality-energy balance
Stephen A.Lipinski and Hubert doctor M.Lipinski
Unification gravity company
Summary
In this gravity theory (based on quality-energy balance), space structure (FS) distortion individually of the rest mass of object and kinetic energy, the relation between quality and the energy has been stipulated the mass density field that generated.(GR) compares with general theory of relativity, and this theory is settled a preferable referential, that is, and and the referential at FS place.Also compare with GR, the gravity between two objects is to be caused by the interaction that concentrates on two mass density fields on whole FS.This kind interaction causes two types gravity: I class gravity, and it comprises classical gravity, in some cases, and II class gravity, it comprises the gravity of extremely strong ripple.The gravity that is acted on the wisp by big object can be reduced to classical gravity.Acting on gravity on the big object by wisp is 3 times of classical value when the little kinetic energy.When wisp becomes when being relativistic, then gravity becomes big a lot.Each object all has the gravity wavelength, for the object that just is being applied, in the distance less than its gravity wavelength classic gravity can take place, and in the distance greater than its gravity wavelength wave mode gravity can take place.This theory derives one group of 8 logarithmic singularity in the gravity and the single order singular point in the gravitional force.If FS is quantified as discrete unit, then these singular points act on the FS, to realize variation and interact in the mass density field instantaneously.Its result, gravity acts on instantaneously.We advise that the universe background radiation of 3 ° of K is to be caused by the kinetic energy that the FS unit discharges.The rest mass of each FS unit of this theory prophesy is 2 protonatomic masses, and its characteristic length is 2mm.
1. foreword
To the observation of universe background radiation, propose to have a preferable referential, and cause the problem on the constant basis of the theory of relativity of general theory of relativity (GR).Whether even GR is widely accepted and many accurate demonstrations (Will) are arranged, we still can ask, exist other gravity theory to explain characteristic and its preferable referential of universe background radiation.
So the deduction of gravity theory originates in and attempts to answer two problems: where kinetic energy is stored in, and how the kinetic energy of storage influences gravity.Because we can not find the answer of these problems, then just take up in an as if relevant problem, that is, and quality-energy balance (Einstein) problem.
We believe that rest mass and kinetic energy can both make space structure (FS) distortion-different with the space-time among the GR.Therefore, we seek the function of a rest mass and kinetic energy density, have living space when concentrating on when going up, and this function can provide the answer by quality-energy balance indication.We only find that a function is arranged, and it is (Erdelyi) in the table of the fourier cosine transform of Bessel function.Originally this conversion is derived by Weber, therefore is also referred to as the Weber discontiunous integration.
Its result, we suppose, the mass density field D that the rest mass of object forms G(r) and kinetic energy be:
D G(r)＝M/4πλ G?J 0(r/λ G)cos(vr/cλ G)/r 2，(1)
Wherein, M is the rest mass of object, λ GBe the gravity wavelength, J 0Be the Bessel function of the first kind on 0 rank, r is the distance from object, and v is an object speed, and c is the light velocity.J 0The space distortion that Bessel function (also being referred to as cylindrical harmonics) causes corresponding to rest mass, and the space distortion that cosine function causes corresponding to kinetic energy.
At mass density field D G(r) integration on having living space in the spherical coordinate system is reduced to J 0The fourier cosine transform of Bessel function:
Figure A20078003898700431
= 0 v / c > 1
At mass density field D G(r) the integration on having living space now can indicate quality-energy balance, and object speed is subjected to the restriction of the light velocity.The mass density field can have v=0, because integration is reduced to the regularization integration of Bessel function in this case:
∫ 0 ∞dr?J 0(r/λ G)＝λ G (3)
The mass density field is different from the mass density field in the existing gravity theory, because it comprises negative value and must be integrated to infinity.We are interpreted as these negative values, and rest mass among the FS and kinetic energy ripple cause.Object speed defines with respect to FS, because the mass density field of object is present among the FS.Therefore, FS is that static referential is preferable referential.This is consistent with the universe background radiation, because we advise that this radiation comes from the kinetic energy that FS discharges.
Compare with GR, the gravity between two objects is by causing in whole interactions of two indivedual mass densityes fields of FS upper integrals.For the object that is applied, this theory prophesy according to distance between two objects and object gravity wavelength, is not that classic gravity is exactly wave mode gravity.The gravity of deriving is accurately, can determine constant value in this theory by observed data.
If gravity with light velocity effect, then is integrated to infinity with the mass density field and serious problems can occur.This problem find the solution be since this theory in gravity, comprise one group of eight logarithmic singularity (that is, be proportional to-log (ε) | ε=0) and the single order singular point (that is, be proportional to 1/ ε | ε=0).Studied afterwards as us, if FS is quantified as discrete unit, then the singular point equation shows, two types singular point acts on the FS, and realizes any variation and interaction in the mass density field.Because singular point is energetically infinite, so changing and interacting all is instantaneous generation, be integrated to infinitely great also instantaneous carrying out, therefore, gravity acts on instantaneously.
We should add the thing that does not have in this theory.It is not the quantum theory of gravity but classical theory, even FS is quantified as discrete unit.Because gravity acts on instantaneously, should theory not Lorentz invariant therefore.Gravity neither symmetry, shows that object A acts on gravity on the object B and is different from object B and acts on gravity on the object A.Yet, point out hereinafter that as us gravity is not directly by object effect gravity by the FS effect.Its result, if in FS is included in, the then energy and the conservation of momentum.This point is possible, because should the theory requirement, FS has quality and kinetic energy, and we advise data according to the observation, and each FS unit has the rest mass of 2 protonatomic masses, the characteristic length of 2mm, and store and transmit ability as the kinetic energy of vibrational energy.
2. gravity constant
We suppose the gravity wavelength X of object GBe proportional to its rest mass linearly, and λ GCan be with reference to the gravity wavelength X of following FS unit FS:
λ G＝λ FS?M/m FS，(4)
Wherein, M is the object rest mass, m FSIt is the rest mass of FS unit.We use the rest mass that replaces the FS unit with the atomic mass formula of every mole of expression of kilogram:
a FS＝N A?m FS[kg?mole -1]，(5)
λ G＝N A?M/(a FS/λ FS)，(6)
Wherein, a FSBe atomic mass with the FS unit of every mole of expression of kilogram, and N AIt is avogadros constant.Our defining constant κ, and the gravity wavelength of object is written as in addition:
κ＝a FS/λ FS[kg?mole -1m -1](7)
λ G＝N A/κM (8)
Constant κ is the linear density of FS atomic mass, because the gravity wavelength X of FS unit FSIt is its characteristic length.
In order to determine constant NA/ κ from observed data, our suggestion occurs in Huang in the nuclear reaction (Rohringer)-green luminous corresponding to electronics gravity wavelength.As what point out after us, grow vibrate electrons consumingly with the electronics gravitational wave by the ripple gravity of fusion in the motion or the effect of fission accessory substance.Its result, when pressing electronics gravity wavelength radiation, electronics discharges vibration kinetic energy.We are with electronics gravity wavelength X eDivided by its rest mass m e, obtain:
λ e≈ 0.55 10 -6M (yellow-green light), (9)
N A/κ＝λ e/m e≈6.010 23[m?kg -1]
This result provides the support material of observation, and NA/ κ value is an avogadros constant, and the value of FS atomic mass linear density κ is 1.
By coming vibration unit consumingly with FS gravity wavelength, ripple gravity not only can be delivered to electronics with kinetic energy, and can be delivered to the FS unit.With regard to electronics, the radiation of seeing during at FS gravity wavelength when us is when carrying out, and the unit just discharges vibration kinetic energy.One type the radiation that links to each other with FS is the universe background radiation of 3 ° of K.If we suppose that this radiation is to cause that by the universe kinetic energy that also discharges from that time in the instantaneous FS of being stored in of Big Bang then FS gravity wavelength X FS is the wavelength of universe background radiation (Penzias):
λ FS≈2.010 -3m (10)
We utilize the rectangular journey of gravitational wave (8) to obtain the rest mass of FS unit now:
m FS＝λ FS/(N A/κ)＝2m p (11)
This result approaches 2 protonatomic masses, so we can suppose that the rest mass mFS of FS unit is exactly 2 protonatomic mass (2m p).We can suppose that also in fact, the FS unit is that the proton-antiproton of vibration is right.
3. gravitational field
We can point out in the back that the gravity that is acted on the object B by object A that can be reduced to classical gravity is:
F G(r B)＝A G?Gm Am B?J 0(r B/λ B)/r B 2，(12)
Wherein, AG is independent of N AThe amplification factor of/κ, G is a gravity constant, m ABe the quality of object A, m BBe the quality of object B, r BBe the distance of object A from object B, λ BIt is the gravity wavelength of object B.For example, except relativistic rest mass correction, act on gravity on the wisp, A for big object G=1.The deviation of the inverse of gravity and power square is by J 0Bessel function causes.
Classical gravity is corresponding to J 0Bessel function zero point near zone gravity.If r B/ λ B＜＜1, near the expansion J Bessel function zero point then 0(x)=1-x 2/ 4+... represents J 0(r B/ λ B) ≈ 1, we are multiplied by amplification factor with classical gravity.Because in the object gravity wavelength of rice is in 6.010 of the rest mass of kilogram 23Doubly, so except that elementary particle and nucleon, the gravity wavelength of object is very big.Its result, the near zone at zero point of larger object is very big, and for most of object and distance, gravity is reduced to classical gravity.
As Bessel function J 0(r B/ λ B) when becoming hamonic function, ripple gravity is at regional r B＞λ BThe interior generation.For example, at r B/ λ BIn＞＞1 the asymptotic zone, we obtain:
J 0(r B/λ B)≈√(2λ B/πr B)cos(r B/λ B-π/4)(13)
F G(r B)≈A G?Gm Am B√(2λ B/π)cos(r B/λ B-π/4)/r B 5/2(14)
Yet, be very far away as the ripple gravity zone of the earth or the sun and so on planetary mass, because
λ The earth=3.810 32Light-year (15)
λ The sun=1.310 38Light-year
These gravity wavelength should with appreciable universe (about 4.210 10Light-year) scope is compared.Therefore, the gravity of planetary mass is classical 1/r for most of object 2Power.But pointed in the back as us, gravity mean value is greater than classical gravity, because acted on A in the situation of big object by wisp at gravity G=3, and A GAlong with quality becomes equal and has logarithmic singularity.In last situation, when wisp is relativistic object, A G＞＞3, and gravity is also much larger than classical gravity.
If we are at r/ λ GThe density of checking on the quality in＞＞1 the asymptotic zone, then we obtain:
D G(r)≈M/4πλ G?√(λ G/2π)(16)
{cos((1+v/c)r/λ G-π/4)+cos((1-v/c)r/λ G-π/4)}/r 5/2
This asymptotic property shows utilizes the ripple theory can understand gravity best.In this viewpoint, kinetic energy produces the mass density ripple, and this density wave does not have carrier but has only two sidebands.This is the utmost point effective method of transmission information or energy.The ripple theory shows that also the mass density field of accepting object works as accepting antenna and demodulator.Therefore, we suppose that gravity occurs on the level of mass density field.
Calculate the gravity that object stood and to follow the criterion calculation method, promptly use the classical gravity of ball Symmetric Mass density calculation object effect.Yet we use the mass density field of two objects and the coupling constant between two mass density fields.For the gravity that very big object stands is reduced to classical gravity, this coupling constant must equal G4 π λ G, wherein, G is a gravity constant, λ GIt is its gravity wavelength.Therefore, quality is m AGravity, the gravity wavelength X of object A effect AWith acting on quality is m BObject B on speed v A, the gravity wavelength X BAnd speed v BBe as follows:
Figure A20078003898700471
J 0 ( ( r B 2 + r A 2 - 2 r B r A cos θ ) 1 / 2 / λ B ) cos ( v B ( r B 2 + r A 2 - 2 r B r A cos θ ) 1 / 2 / c λ B )
( r B - r A cos θ ) / ( r B 2 + r A 2 - 2 r B r A cos θ ) 3 / 2 - - - ( 17 )
We are to the φ integration, to θ partial integration twice, collect everyly, then, make to substitute x=(r B 2+ r A 2-2r Br ACos θ) 1/2, following result is then arranged:
F G(r B)＝Gm Am B/2λ Ar B 2∫ 0 ∞dr A?J 0(r A/λ A)cos(v Ar A/cλ A)(18)
{[J 0((r B+r A)/λ B)cos(v B(r B+r A)/cλ B)+J 0((r B-r A)/λ B)cos(v B(r B-r A)/cλ B)]
-1/2λ B∫ rB-rA rB+rA?dx/x(r A 2-r B 2+x 2)/r A?J 0′(x/λ B)cos(v Bx/cλ B)
+v B/c2λ B?∫ rB-rA rB+rA?dx/x(r A 2-r B 2+x 2)/r A?J 0(x/λ B)sin(v Bx/cλ B)}
In fact three kinds of integrations are arranged here.First integration comprises two J 0, this integration is the gravity that is caused and calculated in appendix A by space density.Second integration is to change the gravity that causes and calculate because of the former reason space density of rest mass in appendix B.The 3rd integration is to change the gravity that causes and calculate because of the former reason space density of kinetic energy in appendix C.The integration demonstration exists two types of gravity, and they are referred to as I class and II class gravity.
4.I class gravity
We calculate so-called I class gravity now, and it can be reduced to classical gravity in classical scope.We get back to above-mentioned integration together, are to contain " cos (r according to them A...) " still contain " sin (r A...) r A" divide into groups.At first we calculate and contain " cos (r A...) " integration.If we define s=r B/ λ BAnd function A (s), B (s) and C (s), then can obtain:
F G1(r B)＝Gm Am Bλ B/4λ Ar B 2A(s)(19)
A(s)＝1/λ B∫ 0 ∞dr A?J 0(r A/λ A)1/π∫ 0 πdθ(20)
{exp(iys)[cos(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))]
+exp(izs)[cos(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))]}，
Y=cos θ+v in the formula B/ c
z＝cosθ-v B/c
F G22(r B)＝Gm Am Bλ B/4λ Ar B 2B(s)(21)
B(s)＝1/λ B∫ 0 ∞dr A?J 0(r A/λ A)1/π∫ 0 πdθ(1-cos 2θ)(22)
{exp(iys)(s/iy-1/(iy) 2)[cos(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))]
+exp(izs)(s/iz-1/(iz) 2)[cos(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))]}
F G31(r B)＝Gm Am Bλ B/4λ Ar B 2C(s)(23)
C(s)＝-i?v B/c?1/λ B?∫ 0 ∞dr A?J 0(r A/λ A)1/π∫ 0 πdθ(24)
{exp(iys)[cos(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))]/iy
-exp(izs)[cos(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))]/iz}
We oppositely change the integration order now, it should be noted that, to r AIntegration and Weber discontiunous integration that the integration of mass density is done identical.Yet, point out in appendix D as us, when the inverse square root item that generates is imaginary part, " sin (r A...) r A" can cancel integration.To r AIntegration provide:
A(s)＝1/π∫ 0 πdθexp(iys)(25)
[(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2]
+1/π∫ 0 πdθexp(izs)
[(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2]
B(s)＝1/π∫ 0 πdθ(1-cos 2θ)exp(iys)(s/iy-1/(iy) 2)(26)
[(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2]
+1/π∫ 0 πdθ(1-cos 2θ)exp(izs)(s/iz-1/(iz) 2)
[(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2]
C(s)＝-i?v B/c?1/π∫ 0 πdθexp(iys)/iy (27)
[(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2]
+i?v B/c?1/π∫ 0 πdθexp(izs)/iz
[(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2]
Integration is for all λ B/ λ AValue all is a non-zero, but the limit of integration can simplify, and making the inverse square root item is real part.For most of, work as λ B/ λ ADuring＞1 (that is, object A acts on the gravity on the quality larger object B), the limit of integration is 0 to π, because zero of Weber is positioned at outside the integration spacing.Work as λ B/ λ ANear 1 o'clock, zero of Weber approached the integration spacing, and the limit of integration must be stipulated carefully.Work as λ B/ λ ADuring＜1 (that is, object A acts on quality than the gravity on the wisp B), even we can show that integration is limited to 0 to π, then the limit of integration is still the zero point of Weber inverse square root item.
Yet we point out that at first the I class gravity that object B stands is that amplification factor multiply by J 0(r B/ λ B)/r B 2We do like this and show that I class gravity satisfies 0 rank Bessel equation.If we add function A (s) and its second dervative, then can obtain:
d 2/ds 2A(s)+A(s)＝1/π∫ 0 πdθexp(iys)[(1-cos 2θ)-yv B/c-cosθv B/c](28)
[(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2]
+1/π∫ 0 πdθexp(izs)[(1-cos 2θ)+zv B/c+cosθv B/c]
[(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2]
Get the derivative of B (s) and, then draw divided by s:
1/s?d/ds?B(s)＝1/π∫ 0 πdθexp(iys)(1-cos 2θ)(29)
[(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2]
+1/π∫ 0 πdθexp(izs)(1-cos 2θ)
[(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2]
Function C (s) is the kinetic energy correction term, and its second order inverse that is used for A (s) is to remove the first of kinetic energy term.Therefore, we get the second order inverse of C (s), obtain:
d 2/ds 2C(s)＝1/π∫ 0 πdθexp(iys)yv B/c (30)
[(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2)- 1/2]
-1/π∫ 0 πdθexp(izs)zv B/c
[(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2]
We point out that in appendix E all the other kinetic energy term in A (s) the second order inverse are integrated to 0, so I class gravity satisfies the equation of making comparisons with Bessel equation:
d 2/ds 2{A(s)+C(s)}-1/s?d/ds?B(s)+A(s)＝0(31)
d 2/ds 2J n(s)+1/s?d/ds?J n(s)+(1-n 2/s 2)J n(s)＝0(32)
Therefore, I class gravity is 0 rank Bessel function, and function A (s) and C (s) are proportional to J 0(s) and B (s) to-J 0(s).All are grouped into s, should notice that exp (is cos θ) is the Bezier generating function, we can use J 0(s) replace all s items.We are initial with A (s), and integration variable is changed into t=cos θ:
exp(is?cosθ)＝J 0(s)+2∑ n＝1 ∞i nJ n(s)cos(nθ)(33)
A(s)＝J 0(s)1/π∫ -1 1dt(1-t 2) -1/2(34)
{((t+v B/c+α)(β-t-v B/c)) -1/2+((t+v B/c+β)(α-t-v B/c)) -1/2
+((t-v B/c+α)(β-t+v B/c)) -1/2+((t-v B/c+β)(α-t+v B/c)) -1/2}，
α=λ wherein B/ λ A(1+v A/ c)
β＝λ B/λ A(1-v A/c)
When the limit of integration is-1 to 1 or Weber during zero point, each integration has following form, and wherein, K (m) is the complete elliptic integral K (Wolfram) of the first kind:
∫ -1 1dt(1-t 2) -1/2(a+t) -1/2(b-t) -1/2＝2/((1+a)(1+b)) 1/2K(m)，(35)
M=2 (a+b)/((1+a) (1+b)) wherein
When object A during much smaller than object B (, λ B/ λ A＞＞1), a＞＞1 and b＞＞1 then, the argument of complete elliptic integral K (m) is very little.We can utilize similar terms K (0)=pi/2 to be similar to each integration in 4 integrations then:
A(s)≈4J 0(s)(αβ) -1/2(36)
F G1(r B)≈Gm Am B(1-v A 2/c 2) -1/2?J 0(r B/λ B)/r B 2，(37)
λ wherein B/ λ A＞＞1
Our allusion quotation limit value of learning from else's experience now, wherein, big (that is λ, of the quality of object B B＞＞1), and recover classical gravity, relativistic object A rest mass increased:
F The G classics(r B)=Gm Am B(1-v A 2/ c 2) -1/2/ r B 2, (38)
λ wherein B/ λ A＞＞1, λ B＞＞1, r B＜＜λ B
When object A during much larger than object B (, λ B/ λ A＜＜1), α＜＜1 and β＜＜1 then.If λ B/ λ A＜＜(1-v B 2/ c 2), m＜＜1 then, K (m) ≈ pi/2, and A (s) ≈ 4J 0(s) (1-v B 2/ c 2) -1/2. λ B/ λ A＜＜(1-v B 2/ c 2).Therefore, A (s) acts on than the contribution of the gravity on the wisp and can ignore larger object.
Yet we check the most interested characteristic of I class gravity now, that is, and and 8 logarithmic singularities among amplification factor A (s) and the C (s).As long as λ A, λ B, v AAnd v BSatisfy one of following 4 kinds of situations, these singular points will take place:
λ B/λ A＝(1±v B/c)/(1±v A/c)(39)
When the zero point of Weber item is consistent with the zero point at Bessel integral edges of regions place, logarithmic singularity will take place, and cause the factor 1/ (1-t) or 1/ (1+t).Because singular point is at limit of integration place, this causes I class gravity each component from its four components to have two logarithmic singularities.Even in A (s) and C (s) function logarithmic singularity takes place, we only show A (s), because C (s) is the kinetic energy correction term.
For example, appear at b=1 or λ when singular point B/ λ A=(1+v B/ c)/(1-v A/ c) time, we calculate first integral.To this integration, other Weber appears at the integration spacing outside at t=-a place zero point, wherein, and a=2 λ B/ λ A-1, because λ B/ λ A〉=1.Therefore, integral domain is from-1 to 1, and we obtain:
A 11(s)＝J 0(s)2/π((1+a)(1+b)) -1/2K(m)，(40)
M=2 (a+b)/((1+a) (1+b)) wherein
a＝λ B/λ A(1+v A/c)+v B/c
b＝λ B/λ A(1-v A/c)-v B/c
Near the singular point, the argument of complete elliptic integral K (m) approaches 1, so, K (m) ≈-1/2log (1-m)+log (4), we obtain:
A 11(s)≈J 0(s)1/π((1+a)(1+b)) -1/2log(16(1+a)(1+b)/((1-a)(1-b)))(41)
At the singular point place, we have b=1 and a=2 λ B/ λ A-1, so:
F G111(r B)＝Gm Am B?J 0(r B/λ B)/r B 2(42)
1/8π(λ B/λ A) 1/2{log(32λ B/λ A/(λ B/λ A-1))-log(b-1)| b＝1}，
λ wherein B/ λ A=(1+v B/ c)/(1-v A/ c)
Other singular point in first appears at a=1 or λ B/ λ A=(1-v B/ c)/(1+v A/ c).
Therefore, lower limit is at t=-1, and the upper limit is at t=b, and the upper limit is positioned at the integration spacing, because λ B/ λ A≤ 1.This integration and other have all integrations like this that mix limit and have following form:
∫ -1 bdt(1-t 2) -1/2(a+t) -1/2(b-t) -1/2＝2/(2(a+b)) 1/2K(1/m)(43)
Near singular point, the argument of complete elliptic integral K (1/m) approaches 1, so, K (1/m) ≈ -1/2Log (1-1/m)+log (4), we obtain:
A 12(s)≈J 0(s)1/π(2(a+b)) -1/2log(32(a+b)/((a-1)(1-b)))(44)
At the singular point place, we have a=1 and b=2 λ B/ λ A-1, so:
F G112(r B)＝Gm Am B?J 0(r B/λ B)/r B 2(45)
1/8π(λ B/λ A) 1/2{log(32λ B/λ A/(1-λ B/λ A))-log(a-1)| a＝1}，
λ wherein B/ λ A=(1-v B/ c)/(1+v A/ c)
Singular point among the B (s) causes two gravity: larger object A acts on than the gravity on the wisp B, acts on gravity on the larger object B than wisp A.We point out that also this gravity is reduced to the classical gravity in the classical limit value.We at first point out, after distinguishing, remove the singular point among the B (s), so, its J 0(s) characteristic originates from 1/iy and 1/ (iy) 2Both combinations.Its result, we are usefulness-J 0(s) replace common term and the Bezier generating function (that is, " (s-1/iy) exp (iys) " and " (s-1/iz) exp (izs) ") of s.In addition, we change into t=cos with integration variable:
B(s)＝-J 0(s)1/iπ∫ -1 1dt(1-t 2) 1/2(46)
{[(t+v B/c+α) -1/2(β-t-v B/c) -1/2+(t+v B/c+β) -1/2(α-t-v B/c) -1/2]/(t+v B/c)
+[(t-v B/c+α) -1/2(β-t+v B/c) -1/2+(t-v B/c+β) -1/2(α-t+v BV/c) -1/2]/(t-v B/c)}
Act on than the gravity on the wisp B for larger object A, be positioned at 0 to π integration spacing the zero point of Weber item, so the integration spacing is in fact between the zero point of each Weber item.Our transform integrals variable makes each integration have following form, and wherein, ∏ (n|m) is the 3rd class complete elliptic integral ∏:
∫ -a bdt(e+t) 1/2(d-t) 1/2(a+t) -1/2(b-t) -1/2/t (47)
＝2(d-b)/((a+d)(b+e)) 1/2{∏((a+b)/(a+d)|m)+e/b?∏(d(a+b)/(b(a+d))|m)}，
M=2 (a+b)/((a+d) (b+e)) wherein
If λ B/ λ A＜＜1, a＜＜1 and b＜＜1 then.If (a+b)＜＜ed, m＜＜1 then, we can utilize similar terms ∏ (n|0)=(1-n) -1/2Pi/2 is similar to these.Integral and calculating is to { π (d-b) 1/2(b+e) -1/2(1-ie (ab) -1/2).Therefore, larger object A acts on than the gravity on the wisp B and is:
B(s)≈4J 0(s)(αβ) -1/2(ed) 1/2(48)
F G22(r B)≈Gm Am B(1-v A 2/c 2) -1/2(1-v B 2/c 2) 1/2J 0(r B/λ B)/r B 2，(49)
λ wherein B/ λ A＜＜(1-v B 2/ c 2)
We it should be noted that for relativistic object A, gravity manifests the increase of rest mass, but for relativistic object B, gravity manifests reducing of rest mass.Our allusion quotation limit value of now learning from else's experience, wherein, big (that is λ, of the quality of object B B＞＞1), we obtain to increase for the rest mass of relativistic object A, but reduce for the rest mass of relativistic object B:
F The G classics(r B)=Gm Am B(1-v A 2/ c 2) -1/2(1-v B 2/ c 2) 1/2/ r B 2, (50)
λ in the formula B/ λ A＜＜(1-v B 2/ c 2), λ B＞＞1, r B＜＜λ B
As object A during less than object B, the limit of integration is the Bezier limit.Our transform integrals variable makes each integration have following form:
∫ -e ddt(e+t) 1/2(d-t) 1/2(a+t) -1/2(b-t) -1/2/t (51)
＝2(b-d)/((a+d)(b+e)) 1/2{-(b+e)/b?K(m)+∏(2/(b+e)|m)
+e/b?∏(2b/((b+e)d))|m)}，
M=2 in the formula (a+b)/((a+d) (b+e))
If λ B/ λ A＞＞1, a＞＞1 then, b＞＞1, m＜＜1, we can utilize similar terms K (0)=pi/2 and ∏ (n|0)=(1-n) -1/2Pi/2 is similar to these.Therefore, K (m) but first ∏ of cancellation (n|m), we obtain:
B(s)≈4J 0(s)(αβ) -1/2(ed) 1/2(52)
F G22(r B)≈Gm Am B(1-v A 2/c 2) -1/2(1-v B 2/c 2) 1/2J 0(r B/λ B)/r B 2，(53)
λ wherein B/ λ A＞＞1
Although this result represents that the gravity that acts on the larger object B than wisp A now is the twice of classical value, in fact it is three times of classical value, because the II class gravity that we point out below also provides identical result.Yet in the situation of II class gravity, gravity is only to v A/ c=0 is identical.When object A becomes the theory of relativity, the relativistic increase in object A rest mass that becomes of II class gravity.
We draw I class gravity by calculating kinetic energy correction term C (s).We point out, as object A during greater than object B, C (s) can ignore in classical limit value, and but object A during less than object B is integrated to 0.For A (s), we use J 0(s) replace the item of s, and integration variable changed to t=cos θ, can obtain:
C(s)＝-v B/c?J 0(s)1/π∫ -1 1dt(1-t 2) -1/2(54)
{[(t+v B/c+α) -1/2(β-t-v B/c) -1/2+(t+v B/c+β) -1/2(α-t-v B/c) -1/2]/(t+v B/c)
-[(t-v B/c+α) -1/2(β-t+v B/c) -1/2+(t-v B/c+β) -1/2(α-t+v B/c) -1/2]/(t-v B/c)}
Act on than the gravity on the wisp B for larger object A, be positioned at 0 to π integration spacing the zero point of Weber item, so the integration spacing is between the zero point of each Weber item.Our transform integrals variable makes each integration have following form:
∫ -a bdt(e+t) -1/2(d-t) -1/2(a+t) -1/2(b-t) -1/2/t (55)
＝2/((a+d)(b+e)) 1/2{1/d?K(m)+(d-b)/bd?∏(d(a+b)/(b(a+d))|m)}，
M=2 (a+b)/((a+d) (b+e)) wherein
If λ B/ λ A＜＜1, a＜＜1 and b＜＜1 then.If (a+b)＜＜de, m＜＜1 then, we can use similar terms K (0)=pi/2 and ∏ (n|0)=(1-n) -1/2Pi/2 is similar to these.Integral and calculating is to { π (de) -1/2(1/d-i (ab) -1/2), the result, 4 imaginary part also can be omitted real part among the cancellation C (s).
As object A during less than object B, the limit of integration is the Bezier limit.Our transform integrals variable, first and the 4th and second and the 3rd cancellation because they are the mirror image imaginary part with respect to the integration spacing, and contrary sign occurs.Therefore kinetic energy correction C (s) is integrated to zero.
5.II class gravity
We can follow similar program to II class gravity, and find this gravity in All Ranges much larger than classical gravity.For II class gravity, we calculate " sin (r A...)/r A" integration.We define s=r B/ λ BAs follows with function E (s) and F (s):
F G23(r B)＝Gm Am Bλ B/4λ Ar B 2E(s)(56)
E(s)＝∫ 0 ∞dr A/r A?J 0(r A/λ A)i/π∫ 0 πdθ(1-cos 2θ)(57)
{exp(iys)(1/(iy) 3-s/(iy) 2)[sin(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))+sin(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))]
+exp(izs)(1/(iz) 3-s/(iz) 2)[sin(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))+sin(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))]}，
Y=cos θ+v wherein B/ c
z＝cosθ-v B/c
F G32(r B)＝Gm Am Bλ B/4λ Ar B 2F(s)(58)
F(s)＝iv B 2/c 2∫ 0 ∞dr A/r AJ 0(r A/λ A)1/π∫ 0 πdθ∫ 0 1dt (59)
{exp(iy ts)(1/(iy t) 3-s/(iy t) 2)
[sin(r A(y t/λ B+v A/cλ A))+sin(r A(y t/λ B-v A/cλ A))]
+exp(iz ts)(1/(iz t) 3-s/(iz t) 2)
[sin(r A(z t/λ B+v A/cλ A))+sin(r A(z t/λ B-v A/cλ A))]}，
Y wherein t=cos θ+v BT/c
z t＝cosθ-v Bt/c
F (s) item is the kinetic energy correction term and the identical functional form with E (s) is arranged.When object A greater than object B or big or small when identical (, λ B≤ λ A), E (s) has the singular point of single order, and F (s) does not have, so we omit F (s) in this zone.When object A during less than object B (, λ B＞λ A), we point out that below F (s) is integrated to 0.
In order to determine the functional form of E (s), at first defined function P (s) and Q (s) are as follows for we:
E(s)＝P(s)-s?Q(s)(60)
P(s)＝∫ 0 ∞dr A/r A?J 0(r A/λ A)i/π∫ 0 πdθ(1-cos 2θ)(61)
{exp(iys)1/(iy) 3[sin(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))+sin(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))]
+exp(izs)1/(iz) 3[sin(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))+sin(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))]}
Q(s)＝∫ 0 ∞dr A/r A?J 0(r A/λ A)i/π∫ 0 πdθ(1-cos 2θ)(62)
{exp(iys)1/(iy) 2[sin(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))+sin(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))]
+exp(izs)1/(iz) 2[sin(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))+sin(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))]}
We can write out and remove that the following of singular point establishes an equation among the E (s), and deduct Q (s), utilize Q (s)=d/ds (P) and obtain:
d/ds(1/s?d/ds(P(s)-s?Q(s)))＝-d/ds(P″(s))(63)
d/ds(P″(s)+1/s?P′(s)+P(s))-(Q″(s)+1/s?Q′(s)+(1-1/s 2)Q(s))＝0(64)
Because Q (s)=d/ds P (s), this equation only equation P (s) and Q (s) be 0 o'clock just be 0.Therefore, P (s) is J 0(s) Bessel function, Q (s) is J 1(s) Bessel function.In order to attempt to simplify E (s), we utilize P (s), and it satisfies 0 rank Bessel equation, Q (s)=P ' (s), and Q (s) satisfies the single order Bessel equation, can get:
E(s)＝-2/s?Q(s)+sQ″(s)(65)
This moment, we did not calculate II class gravity, calculated the II class gravitational potential of object B.Among we twice partial integration E (s) second, and first among the E (s) that found the integration cancellation that generates:
V G23(r B)＝Gm Am B/4λ A?V E(s)(66)
V E(s)＝∫ds?E(s)/s 2＝-P(s)/s (67)
Therefore, II class gravitational potential is proportional to-J 0(r B/ λ B)/r BWe use J 0(s) replace the Bezier generating function in P (s) integration as follows:
P(s)＝J 0(s)∫ 0 ∞dr A/r AJ 0(r A/λ A)i/π∫ 0 πdθ(1-cos 2θ)(68)
{1/(iy) 3[sin(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))+sin(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))]
+1/(iz) 3[sin(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))+sin(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))]}
We put upside down the integration order, and notice that the integration to rA is fourier sine transform (a＞0):
∫ 0 ∞dt/t?J 0(at)sin(xt)＝-π/2?-∞＜x＜-a (69)
＝sin-1(x/a) -a＜x＜a
＝π/2 a＜x＜∞
We check P (s) integration now.Work as λ B≤ λ AThe time, Fourier transform provides three integral domains.Have the arcsine zone of arcsin function limit value, and have limit value from arcsine to the Bezier limit value-pi/2 and pi/2 zone.Work as λ B＞λ AThe time, the limit of integration be from the Bezier limit value 0 to π, arcsine is incomplete.We will check this situation the back.
When object A greater than object B or identical size (that is λ, B≤ λ A) time, all P (s) integration has the single order singular point in the arcsine zone, so we can omit other two zones:
P(s)＝-J 0(s)1/π∫ 0 πdθ(1-cos 2θ)(70)
{1/y 3[sin -1(yλ A/λ B+v A/c)+sin -1(yλ A/λ B-v A/c)]
+1/z 3[sin -1(zλ A/λ B+v A/c)+sin -1(zλ A/λ B-v A/c)]}
If we change to the argument of arcsine with integration variable, then all P (s) integration has following form:
∫ -1 1dt(a+t) 1/2(b-t) 1/2sin -1(t)/(t-d) 3(71)
Then, we are set to the value of its singular point with square rootkey, calculate the integration that generates, and only maintain the item of singular point, it is expressed as (1/ ε | ε=0).For the B (s) in the I class gravity, P (s) manifests reducing of rest mass to the increase that relativistic object A manifests rest mass to relativistic object B:
P(s)＝J 0(s)λ A 2/λ B 2(1-v A 2/c 2) -1/2(1-v B 2/c 2) 1/24/π(1/ε|ε＝0)(72)
V G23(r B)＝-Gm Am Bλ A/λ B?J 0(r B/λ B)/r B(1-v A 2/c 2) -1/2(1-v B 2/c 2) 1/21/π(1/ε|ε＝0)，
λ wherein B/ λ A≤ 1 (73)
Because II class gravitational potential has the single order singular point, so for the distance less than its gravity wavelength, the II class gravity that object B stands is 0.For distance, as long as J greater than its gravity wavelength 0(r B/ λ B) reindexing, very large gravity will appear:
F G23(r B)＝Gm A 2/λ B?J 1(r B/λ B)/r B(1-v A 2/c 2) -1/2(1-v B 2/c 2) 1/2?1/π(1/ε|ε＝0)，(74)
J wherein 1Be the first-order bessel function of the first kind, r B/ λ BBe J 0The zero point of Bessel function.J 0The first zero value of appearing at r of Bessel function B/ λ B≈ 2.4 places.
Because power causes the variation of momentum, so we suppose that B moves through J when object 0During zero point of Bessel function, II class gravity applies along the momentum increment of II class gravity direction object B.For example, the α particle that sends out from fusion reaction is delivered to kinetic energy in the vibrate electrons the surrounding environment with electronics gravity wavelength.
As implied above, electronics gravity wavelength ≈ 0.55 10 -6M.Therefore, be about 10 -10The atomic distance place of m, the gravity that is stood by electronics is little classical power.Therefore, gravity manifests to such an extent that do not influence the Atomic Quantum Mechanics phenomenon.
When object A less than object B (that is λ, B＞λ A) time, we now check II class gravity.In this zone, the limit of integration be 0 in the Bezier limit to π, arcsine is incomplete.We change to t=cos θ with integration variable, can get:
P(s)＝-J 0(s)1/π∫ -1 1dt(1-t 2) 1/2(75)
{[sin -1(λ A/λ B(t+v B/c)+v A/c)+sin -1(λ A/λ B(t+v B/c)-v A/c)]/(t+v B/c) 3
+[sin -1(λ A/λ B(t-v B/c)+v A/c)+sin -1(λ A/λ B(t-v B/c)-v A/c)]/(t-v B/c) 3}
Each integration has following form:
∫ -1 1dt(1-t 2) 1/2sin -1{a(t+d)+b}/(t+d) 3(76)
＝1/2sin -1{-aπ+(b-2ad(1-d 2))
log[-4(1-d 2) 1/2/(b-2ad(1-d 2))]/(1-d 2) 3/2}
-1/2sin -1{aπ+(b-2ad(1-d 2))
log[4(1-d 2) 1/2/(b-2ad(1-d 2))]/(1-d 2) 3/2}
If v A/ c=0 (and v B/ c=0), then each integration provides identical result and (that is λ, in the classics limit A/ λ B＜＜1 and λ B＞＞1), II class gravitational potential is simplified to classical gravitational potential, and the classical gravity of object A is much smaller than object B:
P(s)＝4/πJ 0(s)sin -1(πλ A/λ B)(77)
V G23(r B)＝-Gm Am Bλ B/πλ A?sin -1(πλ A/λ B)J 0(r B/λ B)/r B，(78)
V wherein A/ c=0
≈-Gm Am B/r B，(79)
V wherein A/ c=0, λ A/ λ B＜＜1, λ B＞＞1, r B＜＜λ B
If v A/ c ≈ 1 (and v B/ c=0), then each integration provides identical result, if λ A/ λ B＜＜1, factor lambda then B/ λ ANo longer cancellation.Therefore, II class gravitational potential and gravity are very big, because the quality of object B has replaced the quality of object A:
P(s)≈2/πJ 0(s)Re{sin -1(log4)-sin -1(log4+iπ)}(80)
V G23(r B)≈-Gm Bm B?J 0(r B/λ B)/r B?1/2πRe{sin -1(log4)-sin -1(log4+iπ)}，(81)
V wherein A/ c ≈ 1 and λ A/ λ B＜＜1
Therefore, relativistic wisp or FS unit can be to the very large classical power of big object effect.
Work as object A less than object B (that is λ, by showing B/ λ A＞1) time, the contribution of kinetic energy term F (s) is integrated to 0, and we obtain II class gravity.For E (s), we define F (s)=P KE(s)-s Q KE(s), expression gravitational potential V G32(r B) be proportional to-P KE(s)/and s, to r ACarry out integration, and use J 0(s) substitute Bezier generating function P KE(s), can get:
V G32(r B)＝-Gm Am Bλ B/4λ A?P KE(s)/r B (82)
P KE(s)＝-v B 2/c 2J 0(s)1/π∫ 0 πdθ∫ 0 1dt (83)
{[sin -1(y tλ A/λ B+v A/c)+sin -1(y tλ A/λ B-v A/c)]/y t 3
+[sin -1(z tλ A/λ B+v A/c)+sin -1(z tλ A/λ B-v A/c)]/z t 3}
When t is carried out integration, cancellation lower limit place value, its result, each integration to t has following form, and we substitute it at P KE(s) in:
∫ 0 1dt?sin -1(at+b)/(et+d) 3(84)
＝-1/2e{sin -1(b+a)/(d+e) 2
+λ A/λ B(1-v A 2/c 2) -1(1-(b+a) 2) 1/2/(d+e)
+(λ A/λ B) 2(b-ad/e)(1-v A 2/c 2) -3/2
log[(1-(b-ad/e)(b+a)+(1-v A 2/c 2) 1/2(1-(b+a) 2) 1/2)/(d+e)]}
P KE(s)＝1/2v B/c?J 0(s)1/π∫ 0 πdθ{(85)
{[sin -1(yλ A/λ B+v A/c)+sin -1(yλ A/λ B-v A/c)]/y 2
-[sin -1(zλ A/λ B+v A/c)+sin -1(zλ A/λ B-v A/c)]/z 2}
+λ A/λ B(1-v A 2/c 2) -1
{[(1-(yλ A/λ B+v A/c) 2) 1/2+(1-(yλ A/λ B-v A/c) 2) 1/2]/y
-[(1-(zλ A/λ B+v A/c) 2) 1/2+(1-(zλ A/λ B-v A/c) 2) 1/2]/z}
+(λ A/λ B) 2v A/c(1-v A 2/c 2) -3/2
{log[(1-v A/c(yλ A/λ B+v A/c)+(1-v A 2/c 2) 1/2(1-(yλ A/λ B+v A/c) 2) 1/2)/y]
-log[(1+v A/c(yλ A/λ B-v A/c)+(1-v A 2/c 2) 1/2(1-(yλ A/λ B-v A/c) 2) 1/2)/y]
-log[(1-v A/c(zλ A/λ B+v A/c)+(1-v A 2/c 2) 1/2(1-(zλ A/λ B+v A/c) 2) 1/2)/z]
+log[(1+v A/c(zλ A/λ B-v A/c)+(1-v A 2/c 2) 1/2(1-(zλ A/λ B-v A/c) 2) 1/2)/z]}}
In preceding two group inte grations, first and the 4th and second and the 3rd cancellation because they are the mirror image imaginary part with respect to the integration spacing, and contrary sign occurs.In the 3rd group inte gration, cancellation factor log (y) and log (z).Then, first and the 4th and second and the 3rd is negative mirror image imaginary part, can cancel equally.
6. gravity snap
We point out in this section, if FS is quantified as discrete unit, then the mass density field among the FS forms and done to change by single order singular point in logarithm and the gravity instantaneously, because singular point is energetically infinite.Our suggestion, each FS unit has the rest mass that equals 2 protonatomic masses, and characteristic length equals its gravity wavelength (2mm), and corresponding to the speed parameter of its kinetic energy.Then, the mass density field of arbitrary objects defines with the density value at each place, FS unit.
We at first consider to act on gravity on the FS unit of being represented by unit B by the FS unit of representing with unit A.The rest mass of each FS unit is the twice of protonatomic mass, and the kinetic energy of each FS unit is identical.Its result, I class gravity has 4 logarithmic singularities according to equation (39), because the gravity wavelength X of two FS unit FSIdentical, and speed parameter is also identical.Therefore, unit A acts on the I class gravity on the unit B and is:
F GI(r B)＝A GIFS?G(2m p) 2J 0(r B/λ FS)/r B 2，(86)
Wherein, FS amplification factor A GIFS4 logarithmic singularities that contain the I class gravity that acts on the unit B.
Act on pure I class gravity on the unit B by all unit A on the radial alignment:
∫ 0 ∞dr B?r B 2F GI(r B)＝A GIFS?G(2m p) 2∫ 0 ∞dr B?J 0(r B/λ FS)＝A GIFS?G(2m p) 2λ FS (87)
Importantly, integrated value is positive, and therefore, the pure gravity of all the unit A effects on the radial alignment is proportional to amplification factor A GIFS, be unlimited therefore.Yet this pure power is by the pure I class gravity of the unit A effect of opposite radial direction balance just.The situation of each radial direction of each unit B of arbitrary objects mass density field also is like this.
Can carry out same calculating for II class gravity.Because the gravitational wave appearance of unit A and unit B together, so according to equation (74), II class gravity is at J 0Have the single order singular point zero point of Bessel function:
F GII(r B)＝A GIIFS?G(2m p) 2/λ FS?J 1(r B/λ FS)/r B，(88)
Wherein, FS amplification factor A GIIFSThe single order singular point that contains II class gravity, J 1Be the first-order bessel function of the first kind, and r B/ λ FSBe J 0The zero point of Bessel function.
To act on the pure II class gravity on the unit B be J to all unit A on the radial alignment 0Bessel function zero point the place II class gravity and:
∑ The zero point of J0F GII(r B)=A GIIFSG (2m p) 2/ λ FS∑ The zero point of J0J 1(r B/ λ FS)/r B(89)
Summing value be on the occasion of, therefore, radially the pure gravity of all unit A effects is proportional to amplification factor A on the straight line GIFS, be unlimited therefore.Yet this pure power is by the pure II class gravity of the unit A effect of opposite radial direction balance just.The situation of each radial direction of each unit B of arbitrary objects mass density field also is like this.We point out, are the singular point that the II class appears in some point among 0 the FS at I class singular point, that is, and and at J 0Place at Bessel function zero point.We point out that also I class on the FS and II class power are symmetrical, show that unit A acts on gravity on the unit B and equals unit B and act on gravity on the unit A.
Therefore, when the force density field of arbitrary objects formed or changes, singular point acted on each part of quality field on all directions, and makes the force density field reach its new state in all directions.Because singular point is act on all distances energetically infinite, various variations or interaction take place in the force density field instantaneously, and instantaneous the gravity that acts on.
7. the pucker ﹠ bloat of space structure
We point out in this section, if kinetic energy is delivered to FS or discharges from FS, and FS contraction or expansion then.Moreover, our supposition, FS is quantified as discrete unit, makes each FS unit have the rest mass of 2 protonatomic masses, and characteristic length equals its gravity wavelength (2mm), and corresponding to the speed parameter v of its kinetic energy KE, according to quality-energy balance:
KE＝2m pc 2(1/√(1-v 2/c 2)-1)(90)
Since the gravitational wave appearance of any two unit with, so, II class gravity according to equation (74) at J 0Bessel function place at zero point has the single order singular point.Consider following unit, wherein, center cell and all unit left have speed parameter v 1, and all unit to the right have speed parameter v 2:
...□□□□□□□...(91)
v 1v 1v 1v 1v 2v 2v 2
←r 1|r 1，r 2→
The II class gravity that unit on a center cell left side and the right acts on the center cell is as follows, wherein, and FS amplification factor A GIFSComprise the single order singular point, J 1Be the first-order bessel function of the first kind, r 1Be the unit of radial distance, λ FSBe the gravity wavelength of FS, and r 1/ λ FSBe J 0The zero point of Bessel function:
F A GII left side(r 1)=A GIIFSG (2m p) 2/ λ FSJ 1(r 1/ λ FS)/r 1, (92)
F The GII right side(r 1)=A GIIFSG (2m p) 2/ λ FS(1-v 1 2/ c 2) 1/2(1-v 2 2/ c 2) -1/2J 1(r 1/ λ FS)/r 1, (93)
If r 1/ λ FSNot J 0At the zero point of Bessel function, then power is 0.To all radial distances, these power just unique method of balance are, if the FS contraction or expansion on the right, then among You Bian the FS apart from r 2New unit be discharged into apart from r 1Old unit, specific as follows:
r 2＝r 1(1-v 2 2/c 2) 1/2(1-v 1 2/c 2) -1/2(94)
Therefore, when kinetic energy was transferred to FS, its speed parameter increased, and FS shrinks.Vice versa, that is, when kinetic energy when FS discharges, its speed parameter reduces, and FS expands.Quality or mass distribution are irrelevant in FS pucker ﹠ bloat and the FS.
According to this theory, we can suppose that universe is to form with the like this a large amount of kinetic energy that is stored in the FS, make the space ad infinitum shrink, and all mass concentration is in little volume.When began epoch, universe kinetic energy began to discharge from FS, and according to equation (94), FS begins to expand, and is still expanding up to today.The universe kinetic energy that discharges from the FS unit in fact is the universe background radiation of 3 degree K.This theory points out that universe once expands.
Thank you
The author exanimo thanks H.Pierre doctor Noyes, professor Emeritus of SLAC (SLAC) that this paper is proposed useful suggestion and shows the utmost patience, and is willing to provide service for the propaganda of this paper theory.
List of references
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Wolfram?Research.1996-2006The?Wolfram?Integrator.Wolfram?ResearchInc.http://integrals.wolfram.com/index.jsp
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Appendix A: the gravity that space density causes
We calculate first integral, and this integration helps the gravity that space density causes:
F G1(r B)＝Gm Am B/2λ Ar B 2∫ 0 ∞dr A?J 0(r A/λ A)cos(v Ar A/cλ A)(A1)
[J 0((r B+r A)/λ B)cos(v B(r B+r A)/cλ B)+J 0((r B-r A)/λ B)cos(v B(r B-r A)/cλ B)]
We utilize the integration of Bessel function, launch cosine function with exponential function, and collecting these can obtain:
J n(x)＝i -n/π∫ 0 πdθexp(ix?cosθ)cos(nθ)(A2)
F G1(r B)＝Gm Am B/4λ Ar B 2∫ 0 ∞dr A?J 0(r A/λ A)1/π∫ 0 πdθ(A3)
{exp(iy?r B/λ B)[cos(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))]
+exp(iz?r B/λ B)[cos(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))]}，
Y=cos θ+v in the formula B/ c
z＝cosθ-v B/c
Have " cos (r A...) " all items contribute to I class gravity.
Appendix B: rest mass changes the gravity that causes
We calculate second integral, and this integration helps rest mass and change the gravity that causes in space density:
F G2(r B)＝-Gm Am B/4λ Aλ Br B 2∫ 0 ∞dr A?J 0(r A/λ A)cos(v Ar A/cλ A)(B1)
∫ rB-rA rB+rA?dx/x(r A 2-r B 2+x 2)/r A?J 0′(x/λ B)cos(v Bx/cλ B)
We use Bessel function similar terms J 0' (x/ λ BThe J of)=- 1(x/ λ B) and J 1(x/ λ B)/(x/ λ B)=1/2 (J 0(x/ λ B)+J 2(x/ λ B)), and the integration of Bessel function, can obtain:
F G2(r B)＝Gm Am B/8λ Aλ B 2r B 2∫ 0 ∞dr A?J 0(r A/λ A)cos(v Ar A/cλ A)(B2)
1/π∫ 0 πdθ(1-cos2θ)
∫ rB-rA rB+rA?dx?exp(icosθx/λ B)(r A 2-r B 2+x 2)/r A?cos(v Bx/cλ B)
[0001] we now launch cosine term, and x is carried out integration and collects r AEvery:
F G2(r B)＝Gm Am B/4λ Aλ B 2r B 2∫ 0 ∞dr A?J 0(r A/λ A)1/π∫ 0 πdθ(1-cos 2θ)
(B3)
{exp(iy?r B/λ B)[i?sin(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))r Aλ B/iy
+i?sin(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))r Aλ B/iy
+cos(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))(r Bλ B/iy-λ B 2/(iy) 2)
+cos(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))(r Bλ B/iy-λ B 2/(iy) 2)
+i?sin(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))(λ B 3/(iy) 3-r Bλ B 2/(iy) 2)/r A
+i?sin(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))(λ B 3/(iy) 3-r Bλ B 2/(iy) 2)/r A]
+exp(iz?r B/λ B)[i?sin(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))r Aλ B/iz
+i?sin(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))r Aλ B/iz
+cos(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))(r Bλ B/iz-λ B 2/(iz) 2)
+cos(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))(r Bλ B/iz-λ B 2/(iz) 2)
+i?sin(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))(λ B 3/(iz) 3-r Bλ B 2/(iz) 2)/r A
+i?sin(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))(λ B 3/(iz) 3-r Bλ B 2/(iz) 2)/r A]}，
Y=cos θ+v wherein B/ c
z＝cosθ-v B/c
Have " cos (r A...) " and " sin (r A...) r A" everyly contribute to I class gravity, and have " sin (r A...)/r A" every II class gravity that contributes to.
Appendix C: the gravity that kinetic energy change causes
We calculate third integral, and this integration helps the gravity that variation causes in space density that kinetic energy change causes:
F G3(rB)＝v B/c?Gm Am B/4λ Aλ Br B 2∫ 0 ∞dr A?J 0(r A/λ A)cos(v Ar A/cλ A)(C1)
∫ rB-rA rB+rA?dx/x(r A 2-r B 2+x 2)/r A?J 0(x/λ B)sin(v Bx/cλ B)
We utilize the integration of SIN function, and put upside down the integration order and can obtain:
F G3(r B)＝v B 2/c 2Gm Am B/4λ Aλ B 2r B 2∫ 0 ∞dr AJ 0(r A/λ A)cos(v Ar A/cλ A)∫ 0 1dt
∫ rB-rA rB+rA?dx(r A 2-r B 2+x 2)/r A?J 0(x/λ B)cos(v Bxt/cλ B)(C2)
This is similar to the integration among the appendix B.We make to substitute s=r B/ λ BSo, have:
F G3(r B)＝v B 2/c 2Gm Am B/4λ Ar B 2∫ 0 ∞dr A?J 0(r A/λ A)1/π∫ 0 πdθ∫ 0 1dt
(C3)
{exp(iy t?s)[i?sin(r A(y t/λ B+v A/cλ A))r A/iy tλ B
+i?sin(r A(y t/λ B-v A/cλ A))r A/iy tλ B
+cos(r A(y t/λ B+v A/cλ A))(s/iy t-1/(iy t) 2)
+cos(r A(y t/λ B-v A/cλ A))(s/iy t-1/(iy t) 2)
+i?sin(r A(y t/λ B+v A/cλ A))(λ B/(iy t) 3-sλ B/(iy t) 2)/r A
+i?sin(r A(y t/λ B-v A/cλ A))(λ B/(iy t) 3-sλ B/(iy t) 2)/r A]
+exp(iz t?s)[i?sin(r A(z t/λ B+v A/cλ A))r A/iz tλ B
+i?sin(r A(z t/λ B-v A/cλ A))r A/iz tλ B
+cos(r A(z t/λ B+v A/cλ A))(s/iz t-1/(iz t) 2)
+cos(r A(z t/λ B-v A/cλ A))(s/iz t-1/(iz t) 2)
+i?sin(r A(z t/λ B+v A/cλ A))(λ B/(iz t) 3-sλ B/(iz t) 2)/r A
+i?sin(r A(z t/λ B-v A/cλ A))(λ B/(iz t) 3-sλ B/(iz t) 2)/r A]}，
Y wherein t=cos θ+v BT/c
z t＝cosθ-v Bt/c
For all that contributes to I class gravity, we come t is calculated integration by partial integration is carried out in the s differentiate then.For example:
d/ds{v B 2/c 2∫ 0 1dt?exp(iy t?s)[i?sin(r A(y t/λ B+v A/cλ A))r A/iy tλ B (C4)
+cos(r A(y t/λ B+v A/cλ A))(s/iy t-1/(iy t) 2)]}
＝-iv B/c{exp(iys)cos(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))(C5)
-exp(is?cosθ)cos(r A(cosθ/λ B+v A/cλ A))}
Use z tThe lower limit of respective items offset the lower limit of integration, then, we obtain the s integration:
F G3(r B)＝Gm Am B/4λ Ar B 2∫ 0 ∞dr A?J 0(r A/λ A)1/π∫ 0 πdθ(C6)
{-iv B/c{exp(iys)[cos(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))]/iy
-exp(izs)[cos(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))+co?s(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))]/iz}
+iv B 2/c 2∫ 0 1dt{exp(iy ts)(λ B/(iy t) 3-sλ B/(iy t) 2)
[sin(r A(y t/λ B+v A/cλ A))+sin(r A(y t/λ B-v A/cλ A))]/r A
+exp(iz ts)(λ B/(iz t) 3-sλ B/(iz t) 2)
[sin(r A(z t/λ B+v A/cλ A))+sin(r A(z t/λ B-v A/cλ A))]/r A}}
Have " cos (r A...) " allly help I class gravity, and have " sin (r A...)/r A" all items help II class gravity.
Appendix D: cancellation I class gravity
We calculate " sin (r A...) r A" integration, and show that when the Weber argument was imaginary part, above-mentioned integration cancellation was by " cos (r A...) " the I class gravity that causes of integration.If we define s=r B/ λ BWith function D (s), then obtain:
F G21(r B)＝Gm Am Bλ B/4λ Ar B 2D(s)(D1)
D(s)＝1/λ B 2∫ 0 ∞dr A?J 0(r A/λ A)1/π∫ 0 πdθ(1-cos 2θ)(D2)
{exp(iys)/y[sin(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))+sin(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))]r A
+exp(izs)/z[sin(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))+sin(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))]r A]}
At this moment, if we put upside down the integration order and rA is calculated integration, we find that integration is the Weber discontiunous integration, but replace the cosine argument with sine.Its result, under following situation, four integrations are respectively non-zeros:
(y/ λ B+ v A/ c λ A)＞1/ λ AOr (y/ λ B+ v A/ c λ A1/ λ of)＜- A(D3)
(y/ λ B-v A/ c λ A)＞1/ λ AOr (y/ λ B-v A/ c λ A1/ λ of)＜- A
(z/ λ B+ v A/ c λ A)＞1/ λ AOr (z/ λ B+ v A/ c λ A1/ λ of)＜- A
(z/ λ B-v A/ c λ A)＞1/ λ AOr (z/ λ B-v A/ c λ A1/ λ of)＜- A
Limit value is not placed on each integration, we suitably get and are limited to 0 and π up and down, but should be understood that integration be actually to 0 and the annular region of π boundary carry out integration, its width is determined by above-mentioned condition.In order to calculate integration, we at first get the derivative of D (s) to remove the 1/y and the 1/z factor, carry out partial integration then:
d/ds?D(s)＝i/π1/λ B?∫ 0 ∞dr A?J 0(r A/λ A)(D4)
{sinθ[exp(iys)[cos(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))]
+exp(izs)[cos(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))]]| θ＝0 π
+is?∫ 0 πdθ(1-cos 2θ)
[exp(iys)[cos(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))]
+exp(izs)[cos(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))]]
-∫ 0 πdθcosθ
[exp(iys)[cos(r A(y/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(y/λ B-v A/cλ A))]
+exp(izs)[cos(r A(z/λ B+v A/cλ A))+cos(r A(z/λ B-v A/cλ A))]]}
First is zero.Then, we use y=cos θ+v B/ c and z=cos θ-v B/ c rewrites a back integration, it should be noted that, except the following limit of integration, integration is because of " cos (r in the I class gravity A...) " all identical integration that causes:
d/ds?D(s)＝-{d/ds?B(s)+d/ds?A(s)+d/ds?C(s)}(D5)
D(s)＝-{B(s)+A(s)+C(s)}(D6)
Therefore, the integral domain in D (s) the item cancellation I class gravity is an imaginary part for I class gravity Weber argument.
Appendix E: the remaining kinetic energy term of cancellation
The remaining kinetic energy item that is obtained by the second dervative of A (s) is:
RemKE ＝-v B/c{1/π∫ 0 πdθexp(iys)cosθ(E1)
[(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2]
-1/π∫ 0 πdθexp(izs)cosθ
[(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2]}
If separating is zero Bessel function, then we can use J 0(s) replace remaining the s item in the integration and obtaining:
Rem KE ＝-v B/c?J 0(s)1/π∫ 0 πdθcosθ(E2)
{(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2+(λ B 2/λ A 2-(y-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2
-(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z+v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2-(λ B 2/λ A 2-(z-v Aλ B/cλ A) 2) -1/2}
When the first and the 4th integration and second and third integral when being mirror image and contrary sign occurring with respect to the integration spacing, but their cancellations.Therefore, remaining kinetic energy term is integrated to 0, and resulting separating is zero Bessel function.

Claims (55)

1. one kind is used for the target assembly that uses along the proton generator of the proton beam of axis with producing, and described proton beam has the lateral dimension at target position, and described target assembly comprises:
Can be positioned at the target supporting member of described target position;
Have by the front surface of described target supporting members support and the lithium target of rear surface, described target has the maximum target thickness that is roughly parallel to described shaft centerline measurement, and described maximum target thickness is less than J 0The first zero of Bessel function multiply by proton gravity wavelength; And
The front target surface of the exposure that described target supporting member is configured to make described target have no target support member material and target surface, back, the front surface of described exposure is defined as target region the preceding target region of exposure and the overlapping between the target region area of back in the lip-deep projection of back target of described exposure.
2. assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described J 0The first zero of Bessel function is about 2.4, and described proton gravitational wave is about and is 1mm, so that described maximum target thickness is less than about 2.4mm.
3. assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described target supporting member has the minimum thickness that is roughly parallel to described shaft centerline measurement, and described minimum thickness equals π times of described proton gravity wavelength.
4. assembly as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described proton gravitational wave is about and is 1mm, so that the minimum thickness of described target supporting member is at least about 3.14mm.
5. assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described target supporting member has the minimum thickness that is roughly parallel to described shaft centerline measurement, and described minimum thickness equals 0 and described J 0Distance between the first zero of Bessel function multiply by described proton gravity wavelength.
6. assembly as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, 0 and described J 0Distance between the first zero of Bessel function is about 2.4, and described proton gravitational wave is about and is 1mm, so that the minimum thickness of described target supporting member is at least about 2.4mm.
7. assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described target supporting member defines described target region.
8. assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the target supporting member that described target supporting member is an aluminium.
9. assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described target supporting member has front side and rear side, and described target is positioned at the centre between described front side and the rear side.
10. assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described target region is circular.
11. assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described target comprises at least a in lithium metal and the lithium-containing materials.
12. assembly as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described lithium-containing materials comprises at least a in lithia and the lithium alloy.
13. assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described target has smallest lateral dimension, and the lateral dimension that described smallest lateral dimension equals described proton beam at least adds 2 times described J 0The first zero of the Bessel function gravity wavelength with the helium ion on duty.
14. assembly as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described J 0The first zero value of Bessel function is about 2.4, and the gravitational wave of described helium ion is about and is 4mm.
15. assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described target has roughly homogeneous thickness.
16. one kind is used for the target assembly that uses along the proton generator of the proton beam of axis with producing, described proton beam has the lateral dimension at target position, and described target assembly comprises:
Can be positioned at the target supporting member of described target position;
Described target supporting member has the minimum thickness that is roughly parallel to shaft centerline measurement of living in, and described minimum thickness is at least about 3.14mm;
Lithium target, described target have by the front surface of described target supporting members support and rear surface, and described target has the maximum target thickness that is roughly parallel to described shaft centerline measurement, and described maximum target thickness is less than 2.4mm;
Described target supporting member is configured to:
Described target has the front target surface and the target surface, back of the exposure of no target support member material, and the front surface of described exposure is defined as target region the preceding target region of exposure and the overlapping between the target region area of back in the lip-deep projection of back target of described exposure; And
Described target supporting member defines described target region; And
Described target has smallest lateral dimension, and described smallest lateral dimension is at least the lateral dimension that 19.2mm adds the above proton beam.
17. a manufacturing is used for the method that can produce the target assembly that uses along the proton generator of the proton beam of axis, described proton beam has the lateral dimension at target position, and described method comprises:
Selection has the lithium target material of front surface and rear surface, and described target material has the maximum target thickness that is roughly parallel to described shaft centerline measurement at the target region place, and described maximum target thickness is less than J 0The first zero of Bessel function is on duty with proton gravity wavelength;
Selected target supporting member;
Described target material is installed to described target supporting member is positioned at described target position place with formation target assembly; And
Implement described selection, selected and installation steps, make described target assembly comprise the lithium target, described lithium target has the front target surface and the target surface, back of the exposure of no target support member material, and the front surface of described exposure is defined as target region the preceding target region of exposure and the overlapping between the target region area of back in the lip-deep projection of back target of described exposure.
18. method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described J 0The first zero of Bessel function is about 2.4, and described proton gravitational wave is about and is 1mm, so that described target maximum ga(u)ge is less than about 2.4mm.
19. method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described target supporting member has the minimum thickness that is roughly parallel to described shaft centerline measurement, and described minimum thickness equals π times of described proton gravity wavelength.
20. method as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described proton gravitational wave is about and is 1mm, so that the minimum thickness of described target supporting member is at least about 3.14mm.
21. method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described target supporting member has the minimum thickness that is roughly parallel to described shaft centerline measurement, and described minimum thickness equals 0 and described J 0Distance between the first zero of Bessel function multiply by described proton gravity wavelength.
22. method as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, 0 and described J 0Distance between the first zero of Bessel function is about 2.4, and described proton gravitational wave is about and is 1mm, so that the minimum thickness of described target supporting member is at least about 2.4mm
23. method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described selection step comprises the target material of selecting to have uniform thickness.
24. method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described selection step selects to comprise at least a target material in lithium metal, lithia and the lithium alloy.
25. method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, implements the selected step of described target supporting member, so that described target region is circular.
26. method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, implements the selected step of described target supporting member, so that the minimum thickness that is roughly parallel to described shaft centerline measurement of described target supporting member is less than described J 0The first zero of Bessel function multiply by described proton gravity wavelength.
27. method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, implements the selected step of described target supporting member, so that the minimum thickness that is roughly parallel to described shaft centerline measurement of described target supporting member is at least about 3.14mm.
28. method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, implements the selected step of described target supporting member, so that the target supporting member is an aluminum.
29. method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, implements described target material installation steps, so that described target material is in the front side of described target supporting member and the centre between the rear side.
30. a method that produces continuable hydrogen-lithium fusion comprises:
Selection has the lithium target material of front surface and rear surface, and described target material has the maximum ga(u)ge that is roughly parallel to shaft centerline measurement at the target region place, and described maximum ga(u)ge equals π times of proton gravity wavelength;
Described target material is installed on the target supporting member, can be positioned on the target assembly at target position place with formation, the parts of described target supporting member have the minimum thickness that is roughly parallel to described shaft centerline measurement, and described minimum thickness is less than J 0The first zero of Bessel function multiply by proton gravity wavelength;
Wherein, implement described selection and installation steps, so that target assembly comprises the front surface of the exposure with no target support member material and the lithium target of rear surface, the front surface of described exposure is defined as target region the preceding target region of exposure and the overlapping between the target region area of back in the lip-deep projection of back target of described exposure; And
Along described axis projection proton beam, and make proton and the nuclear of the lithium in the described target region in the described proton beam that fusion take place.
31. method as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, the minimum thickness that is roughly parallel to described shaft centerline measurement of the described parts of described target supporting member is about 3.14mm, and described hydrogen-lithium fusion continues more than 10 minutes and the not fusing of described target material.
32. a method that produces amplified current comprises the gravitational wave that utilization is brought out by the fusion accessory substance, with amplified current.
33. method as claimed in claim 32 is characterized in that,
Described fusion accessory substance scatters along vector D; And
Amplified current also comprises a plurality of conducting elements that have roughly the axis of aiming at along some vectors among the described vector D is exposed to the gravitational wave that described fusion accessory substance produces.
34. method as claimed in claim 33, it is characterized in that, comprise also electric current is applied on the solenoid of described conducting element that to produce the magnetic line of force by described conducting element, the described magnetic line of force is roughly aimed at some vectors and described conducting element among the described vector D.
35. method as claimed in claim 32 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Proton beam is projected on the lithium target, and form hydrogen in described target-lithium fusion collision, thus, described fusion accessory substance is the helium ion that moves apart described target along described vector D.
36. method as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Proton beam is projected on the lithium target, and form hydrogen in described target-lithium fusion collision, thus, described fusion accessory substance is the helium ion that moves apart described target along described vector D.
37. method as claimed in claim 34 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Proton beam is projected on the lithium target, and form hydrogen in described target-lithium fusion collision, thus, described fusion accessory substance is the helium ion that moves apart described target along described vector D.
38. method as claimed in claim 37 is characterized in that, described helium ion forms gravitational wave, and described gravitational wave amplifies the electric current in the described conducting element.
39. a gravitational wave that uses the fusion accessory substance to produce comes the device of amplified current, comprising:
The protons accelerated bundle;
The target that comprises lithium, described target is exposed to described proton beam, and thus, the fusion collision between described accelerating proton and the lithium atom produces the helium ion, and described helium ion moves apart described target along vector D;
The conducting element that one or more roughly some vectors in the described vector D are aimed at;
Be connected to the starting circuit of described conducting element, described starting circuit causes treats amplified current; And
Around the solenoid of described conducting element, described solenoid delivered current also produces magnetic field, and the magnetic line of force is by the inner core of described conducting element.
40. device as claimed in claim 39 is characterized in that, also comprises at least one ion accelerator, described ion accelerator produces described protons accelerated bundle by the ion that ionization hydrogen and acceleration generate.
41. device as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described helium ion forms gravitational wave, and wherein, described gravitational wave produces the gravitation and the gravitational repulsion of electronics, and wherein, described electronics is transferred to described treating in the amplified current with the gravity wave energy.
42. the method with the effective transmission speed transmission radiant energy that surpasses the light velocity comprises:
To be transferred in the space structure zone from the kinetic energy of fusion reaction along predetermined direction, wherein, kinetic energy is transferred in the described space structure, shrink described space structure along described predetermined direction; And
Use the space structure that shrinks along described predetermined direction transmission radiant energy, to realize surpassing the effective transmission speed of the light velocity.
43. method as claimed in claim 42 is characterized in that, also comprises using the space structure that shrinks to come along described predetermined direction transmission physical objects, to quicken effective transmission speed.
44. method as claimed in claim 42 is characterized in that, also comprises colliding by proton beam and lithium target producing fusion reaction and producing the helium ion.
45. method as claimed in claim 44 is characterized in that, also comprises applying directed magnetic field, makes the magnetic line of force along described predetermined direction and aim at and intersect at the position that produces described fusion reaction.
46. method as claimed in claim 45 is characterized in that, described helium ion is by the magnetic field of described orientation guiding and focus on described predetermined direction.
47. a device that kinetic energy is transferred to space structure and shrinks described space structure comprises:
The protons accelerated bundle;
The target that comprises lithium, described target is exposed to described proton beam, and thus, the fusion collision between accelerating proton and the lithium atom occurs in a certain position, and produces the helium ion;
One or more magnets, described magnet apply directed magnetic field, make the magnetic line of force along predetermined direction, its aligning and intersect at the position of described fusion collision, thus, because kinetic energy is transferred in the described space structure, shrink along described predetermined direction in the zone of described space structure; And
The electromagnetic transmitter of aiming at the space structure that shrinks.
48. device as claimed in claim 47 is characterized in that, described helium ion is around along the described magnetic line of force of described predetermined direction twist, and will be transferred to from the kinetic energy of described helium ion in the described space structure.
49. a use is comprised by the method that the gravity of space structure unit effect comes propelling container:
To be transferred in the zone of space structure along predetermined direction from the kinetic energy of the fusion reaction that produces on the container;
Wherein, kinetic energy is transferred in the described space structure, forms the gravitation of described container along described predetermined direction.
50. method as claimed in claim 49 is characterized in that, kinetic energy is transferred in the described zone, shrinks described space structure along described predetermined direction;
Described method also comprises uses the space structure that shrinks to reduce transmitting time, and described transmitting time is measured in the pre-referential that sends, thereby sends along described predetermined direction.
51. a device that is transferred to kinetic energy in the space structure and shrinks described space structure comprises:
Container:
The accelerating proton bundle that produces;
The target that comprises lithium, described target is by described container carrying and be exposed to described proton beam, and thus, the fusion collision between protons accelerated and the lithium atom produces the helium ion at a certain position;
One or more magnets, described magnet applies directed magnetic field, make the magnetic line of force along predetermined direction, its aligning and intersect at described fusion colliding part, thus, to be transferred in the zone of space structure from the kinetic energy of described fusion collision, form the gravitation of described container along described predetermined direction.
52. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described helium ion is around along the described magnetic line of force of described predetermined direction twist, and will be transferred to from the kinetic energy of described helium ion in the described zone of described space structure.
53. device as claimed in claim 52, it is characterized in that, kinetic energy is transferred in the described zone, shrink described space structure along described predetermined direction, allow described container to advance with the transmitting time that reduces by the space structure that shrinks, described transmitting time is measured in the pre-referential that sends, thereby sends along described predetermined direction.
54. multiple arrangement as claimed in claim 51 is arranged in that array is pushed ahead so that described container is provided, turned to, deceleration and reverse propulsion.
55. multiple arrangement as claimed in claim 51 also is arranged in array so that redundancy to be provided.
CN 200780038987 2006-08-18 2007-08-17 Hydrogen-lithium fusion device, method and applications Pending CN101529998A (en)

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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102714062A (en) * 2009-12-16 2012-10-03 浜松光子学株式会社 Nuclear fusion target, nuclear fusion device, and nuclear fusion method
CN105431907A (en) * 2013-05-22 2016-03-23 统一重力公司 Hydrogen-lithium fusion device
CN107004451A (en) * 2014-10-01 2017-08-01 曾宪俊 The neutron source configured based on balance-type plasma beam
US10643753B2 (en) 2011-06-10 2020-05-05 Xian-Jun Zheng Hollow particle beam emitter

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102714062A (en) * 2009-12-16 2012-10-03 浜松光子学株式会社 Nuclear fusion target, nuclear fusion device, and nuclear fusion method
CN102714062B (en) * 2009-12-16 2015-04-01 浜松光子学株式会社 Nuclear fusion target, nuclear fusion device, and nuclear fusion method
US9363882B2 (en) 2009-12-16 2016-06-07 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Neutron generation target, device, and method
US10643753B2 (en) 2011-06-10 2020-05-05 Xian-Jun Zheng Hollow particle beam emitter
CN105431907A (en) * 2013-05-22 2016-03-23 统一重力公司 Hydrogen-lithium fusion device
CN105431907B (en) * 2013-05-22 2019-05-17 统一重力公司 Hydrogen-lithium fusion device
CN107004451A (en) * 2014-10-01 2017-08-01 曾宪俊 The neutron source configured based on balance-type plasma beam

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