CN101527498A - 用于风力应用的包括超导直接驱动发电机的系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明名称为“用于风力应用的包括超导直接驱动发电机的系统”。一种用于发电的系统(100)包括超导直接驱动风力发电机(102),它包括由第一超导材料构成的电枢线圈(208)以及由第二超导材料构成的励磁线圈(210),其中,在发电机(102)的运行期间,电枢线圈(208)和励磁线圈(210)进行电磁通信,并且励磁线圈(210)响应通过其的励磁电流而产生磁场,磁场在生成电力输出的电枢线圈(208)中感应输出电流。
Description
技术领域
本发明的实施例概要地涉及超导发电机,更具体来说,涉及用于风力应用的包括超导直接驱动发电机的系统。
背景技术
在这方面,已经通过构建超导材料(“超导体”)而不是普通铜材料的发电机励磁线圈(它通常承载近似直流)来制作超导发电机。与例如铜等传统导体相比,超导体的重量通常较轻、尺寸较小(例如相对于载流容量),并且在传导电流(特别是在较低频率)时也更为有效。因此,风力应用、如风力涡轮发电机中超导体的使用提供诸如更有效的性能、较低发电机重量、非变速箱直接驱动操作以及较低制造和安装成本等的有益效果。但是,超导体要求极冷的操作温度(例如大约-269至-196摄氏度或者4至77开氏度)以便进行超导,同时超导体在承载非交流(“DC”)电流时具有零阻抗,在携带交流(“AC”)电流时,阻抗随频率增加而增加,这导致抵消上述有益效果的发热形式的损耗。因此,超导发电机的电枢线圈(它通常承载较高频率的AC电流)仍然由铜构成。但是,将超导体用于风力应用中使用的超导发电机的电枢线圈是合乎需要的。
发明内容
在一个示范实施例中,用于风力应用的包括超导直接驱动发电机的系统包括超导直接驱动风力发电机,它包括由第一超导材料构成的电枢线圈以及由第二超导材料构成的励磁线圈,其中,在发电机运行期间,电枢线圈和励磁线圈进行电磁通信,并且励磁线圈响应通过其的励磁电流而产生磁场,磁场在生成电力输出的电枢线圈中感应输出电流。
另一个示范实施例包括一种用于发电的系统,它包括:超导发电机,包括由第一超导材料构成的电枢线圈以及由第二超导材料构成的励磁线圈,其中,在发电机运行期间,电枢线圈和励磁线圈进行电磁通信,并且励磁线圈响应通过其的励磁电流而产生磁场,磁场在生成电力输出的电枢线圈中感应输出电流;以及涡轮转子,以直接驱动配置与发电机连接。
另一个示例实施例包括一种风力涡轮电力系统,它包括:超导发电机,包括由超导材料构成并且与发电机的转子附连的电枢线圈以及由超导材料构成并且与发电机的定子附连的励磁线圈;以及涡轮转子,以直接驱动配置经与发电机的转子连接的轴与发电机连接,其中,涡轮转子的转动使励磁线圈附近的电枢线圈转动,这在电流通过励磁线圈被输入时从电枢线圈生成电力输出。
附图说明
通过参照附图阅读以下详细描述,会更好地理解这些及其它特征、方面和优点,附图中,相似符号在整个附图中表示相似部件,其中:
图1是根据本发明的示范实施例、包括超导发电机的示范风力系统的图示。
图2是图1的超导发电机的示范截面图的图示。
具体实施方式
在以下详细描述中,阐明大量具体细节,以便提供对各种实施例的透彻理解。但是,即使没有这些具体细节也可实施实施例。在其它情况下,没有详细描述众所周知的方法、过程和组件。
此外,各种操作可描述为以有助于理解本发明的实施例的方式所执行的多个分立步骤。但是,描述的顺序不应当理解为暗示这些操作需要按照它们所表述的顺序来执行或者它们甚至是顺序相关的。此外,短语“在一个实施例中”的重复使用不一定都表示同一个实施例,尽管也可能表示同一个实施例。最后,本申请中所使用的术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”等是同义的,除非另有指示。
与相同或相似容量的传统发电机相比,超导发电机(例如具有一个或多个超导组件的发电机)提供更轻的重量、更小的尺寸以及更有效的操作,因此在例如风力涡轮系统等风力应用中是有利的。直接驱动超导发电机可运行于足够低的频率,以便除了超导励磁线圈之外还允许包括超导电枢线圈,从而在风力应用中提供甚至更高程度的上述有益效果。
图1示出根据本发明的示范实施例、包括超导发电机102的示范风力系统100。示范系统100还包括其中包括一个或多个叶片105的涡轮转子104。涡轮转子104以直接驱动配置与发电机102连接。例如,涡轮转子104可经轴106与发电机102连接。风力系统100的发电机102、涡轮转子104的一个或多个部分、轴106和其它组件(未示出)可以至少部分包含在壳体108中,壳体108在现有技术中也可称作“机舱(nacelle)”。
发电机102和涡轮转子104由支撑结构110支撑,支撑结构110是能够在地面或其它表面之上支撑这些组件的结构。如图所示,支撑结构110还可支撑包括其中所包含组件的壳体108。虽然未示出,但是,电力承载导体(例如电缆)能与发电机102的输出连接,并且沿支撑结构110(例如在内部或外部)延伸下来,以便与电网(例如发电、配电和/或输电系统)连接。
图2示出图1的超导发电机102的示范截面图。如图所示,发电机102包括外同心组件204和内同心组件206。在一些实施例中,外组件204可以是发电机102的定子(即固定部分),而内组件206可以是(例如以内部转子配置的)发电机102的转子(即转动部分)。但是,在其它实施例中,外组件204可以是发电机102的转子,而内组件206可以是(例如以外部转子配置的)发电机102的定子。间隙(或“空气间隙”)205包含在外组件204与内组件206之间,并且允许它们之间的运动(例如转动)。此外,在一些实施例中,轴106可如图所示与内组件206连接,而在其它实施例中,轴106可与外组件204连接。
发电机102还包括与外组件204附连的一个或多个载流导体(“线圈”)208的第一集合以及与内组件206附连的一个或多个载流导体(“线圈”)210的第二集合。在发电机102的运行期间,这些线圈208、210进行电磁通信。在一些实施例中,线圈208可以是发电机102的电枢线圈,而线圈210可以是发电机102的励磁线圈。在其它实施例中,线圈208可以是发电机102的励磁线圈,而线圈210可以是发电机102的电枢线圈。在这类实施例中,励磁线圈与励磁电流源(例如“励磁机”)连接,通过其中的电流产生跨跃励磁线圈的磁场,以及电枢线圈与发电机102的输出连接(例如经输出端子),以便传导输出电流和电力输出。虽然示出几个线圈208、210,但是,在各种实施例中,分别在外组件206和内组件208周围可存在更多或更少的线圈208、210和/或其绕组,例如以便配置发电机102的极数,并由此配置发电机102的发电频率和/或其它运行特性。
励磁线圈、如线圈210由例如铌-钛(NbTi)、铌-锡(Nb3Sn)或镁-硼(MgB2)等超导材料构成。此外,根据本发明的示范实施例,电枢线圈、如线圈208也由例如NbTi、Nb3Sn或MgB2等超导材料构成,而不是由传统超导发电机中那样由铜构成。在一些实施例中,线圈208、210由不同的超导材料构成,而在其它实施例中,它们由相同的超导材料构成。此外,在一些实施例中,电枢线圈208和/或励磁线圈210可由例如铋锶钙铜氧化物(例如BSCCO-2212或BSCCO-2223)或者钇钡铜氧化物(例如YBa2Cu3O7或“YBCO”)等高温超导体(HTS)构成。
在示范操作中,风通过叶片105上方,由此使涡轮转子104转动。这种转动引起发电机102的转子(例如内组件206)的相应转动,这可例如经轴106进行,因为发电机102以直接驱动配置与涡轮转子104连接。因此,励磁线圈(例如线圈210)在电枢线圈(例如线圈208)附近转动。引起例如是近似DC(例如接近一赫兹或更小)的励磁电流例如经励磁机流过励磁线圈210。励磁线圈210响应这个励磁电流而产生磁场,以及当励磁线圈210在电枢线圈208附近转动时,该磁场在电枢线圈208中感应输出电流。与跨跃电枢线圈208产生的电压耦合的该输出电流生成例如经电力电缆从发电机102到电网的电力输出。
作为直接驱动发电机102,发电机102配置成运行于大约每分钟10至25转(rpm)的转速,以及感应频率大约为1至10赫兹(Hz)(或周期/秒)的电枢电流。这种低频特性允许使用超导电枢线圈208而没有例如因发热损耗而抵消或消除超导材料的有益效果,这种发热损耗会出现在传统风力系统超导发电机中,其运行于(例如变速箱驱动)较高转速并且产生较高频率电枢线圈电流。
本书面描述使用包括最佳模式的示例来公开本发明,并且还允许实施本发明,包括制作和使用任何装置或系统,以及执行任何结合方法。本发明的专利范围由权利要求来定义,并且可包括其它示例。如果这类其它示例具有与权利要求的文字语言完全相同的结构元件,或者如果它们包括具有与权利要求的文字语言非实质差异的等效结构元件,则它们意在处于权利要求的范围之内。
各部分列表
风力系统100
超导发电机102
涡轮转子104
叶片105
轴106
壳体108
支撑结构110
外同心组件、定子204
间隙、空气间隙205
内同心组件、转子206
一个或多个载流导体、线圈、电枢线圈208的第一集合
一个或多个载流导体、线圈、励磁线圈210的第二集合
Claims (11)
1.一种用于发电的系统(100),包括:
超导直接驱动风力发电机(102),包括:
由第一超导材料组成的电枢线圈(208);以及
由第二超导材料组成的励磁线圈(210);
其中,在所述发电机(102)的运行期间,所述电枢线圈(208)和所述励磁线圈(210)进行电磁通信,以及所述励磁线圈(210)响应通过它的励磁电流而产生磁场,所述磁场在生成电力输出的所述电枢线圈(208)中感应输出电流。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统(100),其中,所述发电机(102)配置成运行于每分钟10至25转的转速。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统(100),其中,所述发电机(102)配置成感应频率为1至10赫兹(Hz)的输出电流。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统(100),其中,所述电枢线圈(208)与所述发电机(102)的定子(204)附连,而所述励磁线圈(210)与所述发电机(102)的转子(206)附连。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统(100),其中,所述电枢线圈(208)与所述发电机(102)的转子(206)附连,而所述励磁线圈(210)与所述发电机(102)的定子(204)附连。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统(100),其中,所述第一超导材料是铌-钛(NbTi)、铌-锡(Nb3Sn)或镁-硼(MgB2),以及所述第二超导材料是NbTi、Nb3Sn或MgB2。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统(100),其中,所述第一超导材料与所述第二超导材料相同。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统(100),其中,所述第一超导材料是包括铋锶钙铜氧化物(BSCCO)或者钇钡铜氧化物(YBCO)的高温超导体。
9.如权利要求1所述的系统(100),其中,所述第二超导材料是包括铋锶钙铜氧化物(BSCCO)或者钇钡铜氧化物(YBCO)的高温超导体。
10.如权利要求1所述的系统(100),还包括:以直接驱动配置与所述发电机(102)连接的涡轮转子(104)。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统(100),还包括:支撑所述发电机(102)和所述涡轮转子(104)的支撑结构(110)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/043474 | 2008-03-06 | ||
US12/043,474 US20090224550A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 | 2008-03-06 | Systems involving superconducting direct drive generators for wind power applications |
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CN101527498A true CN101527498A (zh) | 2009-09-09 |
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CN200910127472A Pending CN101527498A (zh) | 2008-03-06 | 2009-03-06 | 用于风力应用的包括超导直接驱动发电机的系统 |
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US (1) | US20090224550A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2108833A2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101527498A (zh) |
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CN102412640A (zh) * | 2011-12-05 | 2012-04-11 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | 海上型超导风力发电机 |
CN102710200A (zh) * | 2012-05-17 | 2012-10-03 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 一种高温超导励磁磁通切换电机构成的直驱型风力发电系统 |
CN103151874A (zh) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-12 | 远景能源(江苏)有限公司 | 具有密封的定子室的风力涡轮机 |
CN103208883A (zh) * | 2012-04-11 | 2013-07-17 | 远景能源(江苏)有限公司 | 带改进的冷却装置的风力涡轮机 |
US9046081B2 (en) | 2011-12-07 | 2015-06-02 | Envision Energy (Denmark) Aps | Wind turbine with sealed off stator chamber |
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