CN101526437B - Response measurement method for inertial force of mast - Google Patents
Response measurement method for inertial force of mast Download PDFInfo
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- CN101526437B CN101526437B CN200910071709XA CN200910071709A CN101526437B CN 101526437 B CN101526437 B CN 101526437B CN 200910071709X A CN200910071709X A CN 200910071709XA CN 200910071709 A CN200910071709 A CN 200910071709A CN 101526437 B CN101526437 B CN 101526437B
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Abstract
The invention provides a response measurement method for inertial force of a mast. A mast model is reversely mounted to form a transverse (longitudinal) swinging system, a gravity response B and an inertial force response A of the reversed mast swinging system are measured one after another; on the basis of mechanics principals, the relationship, C=A-2B, of inertial force response C and A, B when the mast swings in a positive status is established, and with the relationship formula, the measurement for the inertial force response of the positive mast by means of a method of the reversed mast model is realized. A weighting table is provided in the swinging system and swinging period of the swinging system is controlled by varying the weights on the weighting table. The method has the characteristics of good stability and controllability, low cost, less auxiliary apparatuses and great convenience and availability when simulating the inertial force response of the mast under the transverse (longitudinal) swinging with different periods and different swinging amplitudes, and can be extensively applied to measuring the inertial force responses of transverse or longitudinal swinging of ships under various working conditions.
Description
(1) technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of measuring method, specifically a kind of method of measuring the inertial force of mast response.
(2) background technology
Because mast is higher, and the mechanical floor radar is heavier, can produce bigger inertial force during ship sway.Inertial force has an immense impact on to the intensity of naval vessel mast structure, is the stressed important component part of naval vessel mast.When numerical evaluation, inertial force be apply with the acceleration form that experimental formula is calculated and actual conditions have than big-difference, therefore, by the inertial force test, it is very necessary to obtain the true response of mast under the inertial force effect.
Carry out the inertial force of mast experiment, usually can adopt following two kinds of methods, first kind is: the mast model is fixed on the research ship, makes research ship produce some cycles and shake with the horizontal stroke (indulging) that shakes amplitude, carry out the inertial force response measurement of mast then.Second method is: but make large-scale swinging mounting, mast is just being put be fixed on the support, shake modeling boats and ships horizontal stroke (indulge) then and shake, realize the measurement that inertial force of mast responds, will test from water and move in the laboratory.Research ship need be sought or make to first method, and this can increase experimental expenses greatly, and in addition, behind the selected research ship, cycle of shaking and amplitude be malleable not, has limited the quantity of measuring operating mode; Though second method can solve the problem of first method to a certain extent, but there is the periodic Control difficulty, poor operability, dangerous shortcoming such as big.
Though some open reports related to the present invention are arranged, the open source literature of relevant inertial force of mast response experimental technique also lacks very much.These relevant reports mainly contain: 1, the stealthy mast structure Test Study on Strength of prismatic (Harbin Engineering University's journal the 25th the 2nd phase of volume of April in 2004); 2, the research of single-barrel engine inertial force test correcting theory and experiment (2005 the 23rd the 3rd phases of volume of internal combustion engine journal); 3, stealthy mast intensity and vibration test research (boats and ships mechanics the 7th the 5th phase of volume of October in 2003); 4, METHODAND DEVICE FOR TESTING THE STABILITY AND/OR BENDING STRENGTH OF MASTS (WO/2007/017090); 5, METHOD FOR TESTING THE STABILITY OF VERTICALLYBRACED MASTS (WO/1998/031999) etc.Wherein: document 1 and document 3 use the same method and two kinds of tubular mast models have been carried out the experiments of measuring of inertial force response.The experimental technique that adopts in the literary composition is: the mast model is just being put on large-scale inertial force tilter carried out the inertial force response measurement, there is the periodic Control difficulty in this method, poor operability, dangerous shortcoming such as big.Document 2 has proposed a kind of inertial force experiment correction method, but at be engine.Proposed a kind of method that is used to measure mast bending strength or stability in the document 4, document 5 has proposed a kind of mast experimental technique, and is relevant with the stability of mast.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of having good stability, cycle and wobble amplitude can be controlled flexibly, the response measurement method for inertial force of mast of simple and safe operation.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
1, the inversion of model is installed
The mast model is hung on the auxiliary stand by 4 wire rope inversions that have euphroe, and the both sides of mast model are provided with the counterweight platform; By the length that the euphroe on the head-rope is regulated head-rope, making the distance of horizontal stroke (indulging) rocking-turn axle and mast model is required value, and makes model and ground keep vertical; The horizontal stroke (indulging) that forms is swaggered oscillator system as shown in Figure 1.
2, the layout of measuring point
During Ship Swaying, the inertial force response that the mast root produces is bigger, arranges some strain rosettes at the mast root area, is used to measure the strain on three directions of measuring point; Near the place at top acceleration transducer is installed at the mast sidewall, is used to measure hunting period;
3, the assembling of test macro
Successively signal amplifier, signal sampler and computing machine are connected intactly with signal wire, then the strain rosette that arranges and acceleration transducer are inserted signal amplifier, form complete test macro, as shown in Figure 3.(what strain rosette sensed is structural strain response to the mast structure response signal that strain rosette and acceleration transducer are sensed, acceleration induction to be acceleration responsive) be input to signal sampler after amplifying by signal amplifier, signal sampler arrives computing machine with the signal conveys that collects, strain and hunting period be can obtain by the signal processing software in the computing machine, thereby mast structure strain and the measurement of hunting period realized.
4, the measurement of gravimetric response B
Since 0 ° be the interval with 2 °, selected a series of angles are rotated horizontal (indulge) and are swaggered oscillator system and makes it to be still in selected angle, with the measurement of the method for testing described in 3 static strain (this step need not used acceleration transducer);
5, the mast model is inverted the measurement of waving inertial force response A
Swagger the cycle formula of oscillator system with horizontal (indulging)
Estimate counterweight weight, add corresponding counterweight toward counterweight platform place then, it is freely swung for model arbitrary initial angle, with acceleration transducer the cycle of shaking is carried out premeasuring according to method of testing described in 3, if do not meet the demands hunting period, with the increase and decrease counterweight method to finely tuning hunting period, until design load.After regulating hunting period in order to last method, give the initial angle of a setting of model again, promptly shake amplitude, allow it freely swing, measure dynamic strain by method described in 3;
6, the mast model is just being put the calculating of waving inertial force response C
Having measured mast respectively with strain rosette in 4 and 5 is inverted the strain B under action of gravity and mast when static and is inverted the strain A under the inertial force effect when waving, according to mechanics principle, mast is just being put when waving the strain under the inertial force effect and is being satisfied formula C=A-2B, formula can be in the hope of just putting the strain value on three directions of each measuring point under the inertial force effect when waving thus, utilize mechanics of materials formula to calculate stress value then by strain value, so far, realized being inverted experimental data when waving is just being put conversion from the result who waves to mast by mast.
The invention provides a kind of new response measurement method for inertial force of mast structure efficiently, can flexibly control survey operating mode, the inertial force of mast structure responded effectively measure.
Adopt the method basic mechanical principle that response is measured to the inertial force of mast under the ship sway effect of being inverted model to be:
The swing of mast is called just to put and waves during with ship sway, is just putting the effect that mast when waving is subjected to gravity and waves inertial force, and stressed synoptic diagram is shown in Fig. 2 (a), and G represents gravity, and Y represents to wave inertial force, and F represents suffered making a concerted effort.If mast is inverted and is waved, when having identical phase of oscillation with Fig. 2 (a), force analysis is shown in Fig. 2 (b).Comparison diagram 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b) find that the relative mast action direction of the suffered gravity of mast is opposite under two kinds of situations, and the action direction of the relative mast of inertial force is identical.When mast is inverted and is waved, be 2G if apply a size to mast again, the power that direction is opposite with G, then the stress of mast with just put when waving identical.If the Response Table when the mast inversion is waved is shown A, the Response Table that gravity caused when the mast inversion was waved is shown B, and the Response Table that mast is just being put when waving is shown C, can obtain following relational expression based on above analysis:
C＝A-2B
Following formula shows that the response C that mast is just being put when waving can realize by measuring A and B.During experiment, response B is still in respective angles and measures by being inverted mast.
Mast is inverted the inertial force response experimental result wave to the method for just putting result's conversion of waving with according to being: be inverted the swinging condition experiment measuring to be strain the time go through response A (t), the static condition experiment measuring to be the strain-responsive B (α) of the discrete form that changes with pivot angle α, for can to the two by formula C=A-2B carry out the linear superposition computing and ask for mast and just putting and wave response, experimental data has been carried out certain processing.By the theoretical mechanics principle as can be known, any time pivot angle of experiment swing system is similar to and satisfies α=α
MaxSin (2 π t/T+ pi/2), wherein α
MaxBe the amplitude of oscillation, T is a rolling period, and formula can be set up the corresponding relation B (t) of strain-responsive value B and time thus.Then, program with MATLAB, A (t) and B (t) are carried out overlap-add procedure obtain mast and just putting strain-responsive C (t) when waving, the maximal value of getting C (t) utilizes mechanics of materials formula can calculate stress value as final strain value by these strain values.
The present invention adopts the method for being inverted model, and equipment needed thereby is easy to make, and model is inverted the similar single pendulum in back, and a whole set of experimental system has good stability, and when shaking, cycle and wobble amplitude can be controlled flexibly, and be safe and simple during operation at simulation boats and ships horizontal strokes (indulging).Rolling period control method and foundation are: oscillator system is swaggered in mast inversion back formation horizontal (indulging) as shown in Figure 1.The maximum kinetic energy that swing system waves in the process is T
Max=J
0φ
Max(2 π/T)
2/ 2; Maximum potential is
In the formula, J
0Be the moment of inertia of total system around horizontal (indulging) rocking-turn moving axis, φ
MaxBe the amplitude of waving of system, T is a rolling period, and M is the quality of system, and l is the distance of system's center of gravity to turning axle.By T
Max=U
MaxThe rolling period that can obtain system is:
In the formula, J
0M and l with system
2All be directly proportional, so rolling period T is directly proportional with the system distance of centre of gravity rotation axis square root apart from l.Change the size of l and then can realize flexible control by method, to satisfy the requirement of kinds of experiments operating mode the rolling period T of system to system increase and decrease counterweight.Counterweight in the experiment is added on the counterweight platform of the model front and back end that designs in advance.Earlier estimate counterweight weight, add counterweight the cycle of swing system is carried out preset, finely tune according to the measured value of acceleration transducer then with the cycle formula.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) pitching state swing system synoptic diagram is captain's direction from left to right among the figure;
Fig. 1 (b) rolling state swing system synoptic diagram is beam direction from left to right among the figure;
Fig. 2 (a) is just putting that mast waves stressed synoptic diagram when waving;
Mast waved stressed synoptic diagram when Fig. 2 (b) inversion was waved;
Fig. 3 measurement system diagram synoptic diagram.
(5) embodiment
For example the present invention is done description in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
1, the inversion of mast model is installed
The mast model is hung on auxiliary stand by 4 wire rope inversions that have euphroe, and the both sides of mast model are provided with the counterweight platform; By the length that the euphroe on the head-rope is regulated head-rope, making the distance of horizontal stroke (indulging) rocking-turn axle and mast model center of gravity is design load, and makes model and ground keep vertical; The horizontal stroke (indulging) that forms is swaggered oscillator system as shown in Figure 1, horizontal (indulge) swaggers oscillator system by forming with the lower part: the rolling rotating shaft 1. (the pitching rotating shaft 2.), counterweight platform 3., the mast model 4. with wire rope 5., the position of rotating shaft is the position (these data can be consulted the Ship Design handbook of being correlated with and be obtained) of true boats and ships horizontal stroke (indulging) rotation axis when shaking.The rolling swing system is adopted in the response of the inertial force of mast when measuring rolling, the pitching swing system is adopted in the response of the inertial force of mast when measuring pitching, the difference of roll and pitch swing system is the direction difference of rotating shaft, and the rolling rotating shaft is along captain's direction, and the pitching rotating shaft is along beam direction.
2, the layout of measuring point
During Ship Swaying, the inertial force response that the mast root produces is bigger, arranges some strain rosettes at the mast root area, is used to measure the strain on three directions of measuring point; Near the place at top acceleration transducer is installed at the mast sidewall, is used to measure hunting period.Measure for rolling inertial force, sensor is installed along beam direction; Measure for pitching inertial force, sensor is installed along captain's direction;
3, the assembling of test macro
Successively signal amplifier, signal sampler and computing machine are connected intactly with signal wire, then the strain rosette that arranges are inserted signal amplifier, form complete test macro, as shown in Figure 3.(what strain rosette sensed is structural strain response to the mast structure response signal that strain rosette and acceleration transducer are sensed, acceleration induction to be acceleration responsive) be input to signal sampler after amplifying by signal amplifier, signal sampler arrives computing machine with the signal conveys that collects, strain and hunting period be can obtain by the signal processing software in the computing machine, thereby mast structure strain and the measurement of hunting period realized.
After test macro connects, the enlargement factor of signalization amplifier and the sample frequency of signal sampler, enlargement factor determines that according to the size of response that generally gets is slightly larger; The swing of swing system belongs to low frequency, and sample frequency can obtain smaller.Make swing system produce a small size swing, whether testing system operate as normal.
4, the measurement of gravimetric response B
Situation for rolling, serves as to increase progressively successively until 45 ° at interval since 0 ° with 2 °, selected a series of angles, draw counter-balanced carriage to rotate the rolling swing system with rope and make it to be still in selected angle then, angle is measured by the horizontal range of mast top skew original position (natural hang).Measure static strain (this step need not used acceleration transducer for static measurement) with the method for testing described in 3; The amplitude of pitching is littler than rolling, and for the pitching situation, selected angle maximal value is taken as 20 °, and other way is identical with the rolling situation;
5, the mast model is inverted the measurement of waving inertial force response A
Swagger the cycle formula of oscillator system with horizontal (indulging)
Estimate counterweight weight, add corresponding counterweight toward counterweight platform place then, it is freely swung for model arbitrary initial angle, with acceleration transducer the cycle of shaking is carried out premeasuring according to method of testing described in 3, if do not meet the demands hunting period, with the increase and decrease counterweight method to finely tuning hunting period, until design load.Should on two counterweight platforms, symmetry add when adding counterweight.After regulating hunting period in order to last method, give the initial angle of a setting of model again, promptly shake amplitude, allow it freely swing, measure dynamic strain by method described in 3;
6, the mast model is just being put the calculating of waving inertial force response C
Having measured mast respectively with strain rosette in 4 and 5 is inverted the strain B under action of gravity and mast when static and is inverted the strain A under the inertial force effect when waving, mast is just being put when waving the strain under the inertial force effect and is being satisfied formula C=A-2B, formula can be in the hope of just putting the strain value on three directions of each measuring point under the inertial force effect when waving thus, utilize mechanics of materials formula (can obtain) to calculate stress value then by strain value by consulting mechanics of materials handbook, so far, realized being inverted experimental data when waving is just being put conversion from the result who waves to mast by mast.
Claims (3)
1. inertial force of mast response test method is characterized in that:
(1) inversion of model is installed
The mast model is hung on the auxiliary stand, and the both sides of mast model are provided with the counterweight platform, form horizontal stroke or pitching swing system;
(2) layout of measuring point
Arrange some strain rosettes at the mast root area, be used to measure the strain on three directions of measuring point; Near the place at top acceleration transducer is installed at the mast sidewall, is used to measure hunting period;
(3) assembling of test macro
Successively signal amplifier, signal sampler and computing machine are connected intactly with signal wire, then the strain rosette that arranges and acceleration transducer are inserted signal amplifier, form complete test macro;
(4) measurement of gravimetric response B
Since 0 ° be the interval with 2 °, selected a series of angles are rotated horizontal stroke or pitching swing system and are made it to be still in selected angle, measure static strain with the test macro described in (3);
(5) the mast model is inverted the measurement of waving inertial force response A
Cycle formula with horizontal stroke or pitching swing system estimates counterweight weight, add corresponding counterweight toward counterweight platform place then, it is freely swung for model arbitrary initial angle, test macro carries out premeasuring to the cycle of shaking described in the utilization (3), if do not meet the demands hunting period, with the increase and decrease counterweight method to finely tuning hunting period, until design load; After regulating hunting period in order to last method, give the initial angle of a setting of model again, promptly shake amplitude, allow it freely swing, measure dynamic strain with test macro described in (3);
(6) the mast model is just being put the calculating of waving inertial force response C
Be inverted the strain B under action of gravity and mast when static with the mast that measures in (4) and (5) and be inverted the strain A under the inertial force effect when waving, according to mechanics principle, mast is just being put when waving the strain under the inertial force effect and is being satisfied formula C=A-2B, formula is tried to achieve and is just put the strain value on three directions of each measuring point under the inertial force effect when waving thus, utilizes mechanics of materials formula to calculate stress value by strain value then.
2. according to the response measurement method for inertial force of mast described in the claim 1, it is characterized by: the mast model is inverted the method for installing and is, the mast model is hung on auxiliary stand by 4 wire rope inversions that have euphroe, and the both sides of mast model are provided with the counterweight platform; By the length that the euphroe on the head-rope is regulated head-rope, making the distance of horizontal stroke or pitching rotating shaft and mast model center of gravity is design load, and makes model and ground keep vertical.
3. response measurement method for inertial force of mast according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized by: the described method of just putting the strain value on three directions of each measuring point under the inertial force effect when waving of trying to achieve is, be inverted the swinging condition experiment measuring to be strain the time go through response A (t), the static condition experiment measuring to be the strain-responsive B (α) of the discrete form that changes with pivot angle α, any time pivot angle of experiment swing system is approximate to satisfy α=α
MaxSin (2 π t/T+ pi/2), wherein α
MaxBe the amplitude of oscillation, T is a rolling period, and formula is set up the corresponding relation B (t) of strain-responsive value B and time thus, then, program with MATLAB, A (t) and B (t) are carried out overlap-add procedure obtain mast and just putting strain-responsive C (t) when waving, the maximal value of getting C (t) is as final strain value.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10008202A1 (en) * | 2000-02-23 | 2001-08-30 | Christa Reiners | Flexural strength testing unit for mast, includes two laser sources mounted on mast and focused towards light receiver at top end of mast |
| WO2002099390A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-12 | Roch Ag | Method for testing the flexural strength of an elongate vertically anchored object |
| CN1664551A (en) * | 2005-03-26 | 2005-09-07 | 东风汽车有限公司 | Method for measuring dynamic bending moment |
| CN101344372A (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2009-01-14 | 山东大学 | Miniature built-in cantilever beam type displacement gage used for geomechanics model experiment |
-
2009
- 2009-04-03 CN CN200910071709XA patent/CN101526437B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10008202A1 (en) * | 2000-02-23 | 2001-08-30 | Christa Reiners | Flexural strength testing unit for mast, includes two laser sources mounted on mast and focused towards light receiver at top end of mast |
| WO2002099390A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-12 | Roch Ag | Method for testing the flexural strength of an elongate vertically anchored object |
| CN1664551A (en) * | 2005-03-26 | 2005-09-07 | 东风汽车有限公司 | Method for measuring dynamic bending moment |
| CN101344372A (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2009-01-14 | 山东大学 | Miniature built-in cantilever beam type displacement gage used for geomechanics model experiment |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 许维军,康庄,姚熊亮.棱柱型隐身桅杆结构强度试验研究.《哈尔滨工程大学学报》.2004,第25卷(第2期),131-135. * |
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