CN101523169A - Apparatus and method for analyzing skin using L*a*b* colorspace - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for analyzing skin using L*a*b* colorspace Download PDFInfo
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- CN101523169A CN101523169A CNA2007800364792A CN200780036479A CN101523169A CN 101523169 A CN101523169 A CN 101523169A CN A2007800364792 A CNA2007800364792 A CN A2007800364792A CN 200780036479 A CN200780036479 A CN 200780036479A CN 101523169 A CN101523169 A CN 101523169A
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Abstract
An imaging system and method has digital image capture and analysis capability. The digital images may be taken in a variety of illumination conditions, with the skin response indicating skin condition. The digital images may be converted from RGB format to L*a*b* format and analyzed quantitatively to assess color and brightness. The color/brightness information from the digital images may be used to assess skin condition and changes thereof, as well as selecting cosmetics provided in a range of colors. The color information gleaned from the digital images of a population may be utilized to identify a palette of colors for cosmetics or to aid in conducting clinical studies.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to be used for the digital imaging system and the method for analyst's skin, relate in particular to and be used to use its digital picture to carry out the system and method for the quantitative analysis of the colour of skin.
Background of invention
Used colorimeter and spectrophotometer by littler (for example, the 2-10mm at object
2) carry out the color that " point " or " point-like " measures measuring object on the area.For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,945,112 disclose a kind of be used for by with spectrophotometer/colorimeter analysis user skin than small size to obtain L
*, a
*And b
*The tone value of unit comes to provide to the cosmetics user method of customization facial foundation.The point-like measurement is applicable to than small object and/or its color strides the object that its surface does not change, but will measure color is understood the large area skin of change between each point the multiple colorimeter/spectrophotometer measurement of color relation needs.Colorimeter and spectrophotometer are professional apparatuses, and it typically requires skin surface is used this apparatus.
Except the apparatus that is used for definite colour of skin, the various imaging systems of people's image have been proposed to catch for skin analysis with photographing, such as the co-pending U.S. Patent application S/N.10/978 that is entitled as " Apparatus for and Methodof Taking and Viewing Images of the Skin (being used to take and check the apparatus and method of skin image) " that is disclosed as U.S. Patent Application Publication No.US2005/0195316 A1 (" the open No.2005/0195316 of the U.S. ") the applicant, 284, and the application S/N.11/169 that is entitled as " Skin Imaging System withProbe (the dermal imaging system that has detector) " that is disclosed as the open No.US2006/0092315 A1 of U. S. application (" the open No.2006/0092315 of the U.S. "), disclosed those systems in 813, more than application is included in this by quoting.Aforementioned application discloses use digital photography art to obtain the skin image of red, green, blue (RGB) form.Should be understood that except that RGB also have that the present invention will be suitable for with being equal to wait the form of other acquisitions such as Raw (original image form) or YC-tiff (Tagged Image File (TIF) Format).
The RGB color space has limitation for analysis image, does not represent because the brightness of pixel is not independent of color.The RGB colour space is nonlinear and unit change is not mated with human perception, thereby so that in R, G or the B value change of a unit sometimes can not be the perception of human vision institute.For those reasons, image in the RGB color space---such as obtain by the RGB camera those---some example in the quantitative analysis that is used for carrying out the colour of skin is not optimum, for example this at cosmetics user's colour of skin preparation, select and during the collocation cosmetics or will be desirable when measuring the change that colour of skin response or the colour of skin pass in time.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome the shortcoming of the problem that is associated with the conventional equipment that uses and method in skin analysis and the correlated process such as cosmetics design and selection, the RGB colour space pixel value that the present invention will define the image of user's skin converts L to
*a
*b
*Colour space data quantize with the replaceability of reaching the colour of skin and characterize, and it can be used for various purposes.For example, embodiments of the invention can be used to the personal choice cosmetics or design the color palette of cosmetics for the user group.Embodiments of the invention can be used for determining skin and the change of following the tracks of skin.Other aspects, feature and the advantage of this aspect will become apparent according to following detailed description of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing is briefly described
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic view according to digital imaging system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is concrete look plane---for example the green color plane of the digital picture---diagrammatic view of middle object images.
Fig. 3 is at RGB and L
*a
*b
*Mark and draw the diagrammatic view of the segment of digital picture in the colour space.
Fig. 4 is in the comparison of the comparison of different time shot digital images, digital picture and cosmetics palette and from the diagrammatic view of swarm imaging exploitation cosmetics palette.
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram according to process of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 diagram diagrammatically has the digital imaging apparatus 10 of lighting source 12 (for example, photoflash) and digital camera 14.Write down the image of object S with the form (rgb format) of the matrix 16 of red, green and blue pixel value by camera 14.Typically produce value matrix 16 and this information is stored in the memory devices such as the random access memory (RAM) of computer 17 or on the flash card by the Bayer closely-coupled demonstration CCD that filters.The RGB data can be divided into several passages or plane R, G and B, every kind of corresponding plane of color.Can use the illumination light L that is arranged in the various frequencies of diverse location with respect to object S
ICome the digital picture of captured object S, thereby catch different information about this subject's skin.Can adopt filter 18,20 to control the light L that projects on the object S at light source 12 and camera 14 respectively
ILight frequency/polarity, and control is allowed to enter (from object S reflection or emission) light L of camera 14
RSuch being imaged among open No.2005/0195316 of the U.S. and the open No.2006/0092315 of the U.S. made detailed description, and the two is all included in this by quoting.Aforementioned application discloses skin and various photographic parameter---and be illumination light L
I, light filter 18,20 etc. concrete combination---the various correlativitys between the image that produced.Skin can disclose information about skin to the response of different illumination frequencies, angle, polarity etc., and this voucher that can record and call skin in digital picture is to be used for analysis purpose.
Because the image that write down is a digital form, promptly in the numerical value pixel intensity value, so these images are suitable for such as carrying out quantitative analysis by computing machine 17 themselves.For example, not only to notice as the skilled person observer to distinguish, in time T
1The time take its image the cheek of object compared with this person in time T
2The time in the image that is taken will be redder on color or so redly, but can replace quantitatively relatively in time T
1And T
2The intensity level of the red pixel in the concrete zone of following cheek.Can come for example by the summation of the pixel value in the interested concrete position is also distinguished subsequently the mean value of the skin in the appointed part divided by number of pixels with digital image quantification.In this way, just can characterize for example whole skin area of face quantitatively.Various other quantitative analysiss can be carried out, for example, the imaging region of skin can be tested at the standard deviation of pixel intensity.
Fig. 2 illustrates the look plane that is positioned at the RGB image of object SI or the graph view of the image in the passage (for example, green).This image extends in X-Y plane by picture element matrix and forms, and each pixel has x, the y location.Show the location of three sampled pixels, that is, be positioned at (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3).
Fig. 3 illustrates because of at the RGB colour space and L
*a
*b
*The disconnected I of plot photo in the colour space
FTwo graphics G of each pixel gained
1And G
2From all pixels among the image SI of digital photos, the pixel intensity that is associated is the light-response according to photo-sensitive cell for for example---for example the voltage of inducting in the capacitor element of ccd array---determines.This voltage level can be digitized as magnitude value and storage.When the light intensity of each RGB tlv triple of in rgb space, marking and drawing digital picture, just obtain three-dimensional point cloud PC
RGBCan use this plotting and potential intensity data to be evaluated at the various states and the parameter of the skin of the object S that catches its image among the image SI quantitatively.
The digital picture that comprises a plurality of pixel intensity values in red, green and blue (RGB) plane can experience quantitative analysis to be used for various purposes.The present invention recognizes, in some instances can be by converting rgb image data to L earlier
*a
*b
*Form improves the quantitative analysis to the digital picture of skin.At L
*a
*b
*In the colour space, L
*Component represents lightness or brightness (that is, bright to secretly or in vain to black), and and a
*And b
*Color component is separately with separate.a
*Component is measure (that is, the value on red-green continuum) to the amount of red degree and green degree in the image.b
*Component is measure (that is, the value on the Huang-blue continuum) to the amount of yellow degree and blue degree in the image.L
*a
*b
*The L of the colour space
*, a
*And b
*Component is represented by bright-dark axle, red-green axle and blue-yellow axle respectively, thereby forms three dimensions.Color measuring to the arbitrary pixel in the image or pixel group thus can be with it at L
*a
*b
*L in the colour space
*, a
*And b
*The form of coordinate represents.
L
*a
*b
*The benefit of the colour space comprises it for the calculating of the linearity when analyzing pixel color value and is independent of the controllability that brightness changes to assess color change.L
*a
*b
*The colour space is also mutually unified with consistent, so that whole L with human visual perception (that is, at heart light quantity)
*a
*b
*The change of brightness or color unit is normally perceptible in the colour space.The present invention recognizes that utilization will be such as the image transitions of obtaining from digital camera, scanner etc. to L the RGB colour space
*a
*b
*The colour space is come measures of quantization is made in the change of color or brightness---and it is perhaps relevant with product efficacy or function, or follows more simply the change that (skin) look of object is passed in time.
Rgb image data is transformed into L
*a
*b
*The colour space is defined and well for known to those of ordinary skills.The example calculation that is used to carry out this conversion can be at Charles Poynton, A TechnicalIntroduction to Digital Video (technology introduction of digital video) (J.Wiley ﹠amp; Sons) find in the 7th chapter " ColorScience (color science) ".
Fig. 3 diagram image segments I
FRed, green and blue intensity of colour value (figure G
1Acceptance of the bid shows) to L
*a
*b
*The conversion of coordinate.After conversion, with L
*a
*b
*The view data that coordinate is expressed forms some cloud PC
LAB, it can be divided into sub-plane or passage and in graphics, mark and draw, thereby express image segments I
FIn each parameter (L of each pixel
*, a
*And b
*) measure perhaps these L
*a
*b
*Value can experience numerical value and process or analyze.
Aforementioned from RGB to L
*a
*b
*Conversion preferably in the computer such as the computer 17 of imaging device 10, carry out.In a kind of realization of programmatic conversion, the rgb image data 16 of numeral is expressed as the byte type memory array that can be described as " rgb ".Definition is used to carry out according to the program of the transfer process of said method and can be referred to as " RGB is to LAB ".RGB operates to return the new floating type memory array that can be called as " lab " rgb image data 16 to LAB.Mathematical function can be expressed as: lab=RGB is to LAB (rgb).
Fig. 4 illustrates a pair of respectively in time T
1And T
2Two the digital photo-frame F of for example representative that take
1And F
2Object images SI
1And SI
2As mentioned above, can with for example (x
1, y
1, T
1) etc. any and all the rgb pixel data transaction that are associated of location become L
*a
*b
*Form.As disclosing in the U.S. described in 2005/0195316 and 2006/0092315, skin can be created in the each side information relevant with the situation of skin to the response of various forms of illumination light, illumination orientations and polarity.Since because of the view data of digital imagery with RGB and L
*a
*b
*Both are quantized form, so the various responses of skin can be quantized and analyze quantitatively when the various forms of imaging of experience.In some instances, to from L
*a
*b
*The quantitative analysis of the DID of expressing in the actual plane of the colour space provides the advantage that is better than the similar analysis of RGB Color Channel, for example because intensity or the brightness of pixel separate with color.L
*a
*b
*This characteristic of the colour space allows to be independent of brightness and considers and measure color response.For example, when red response indication skin, a
*Passage is desirable for the number that is in the pixel in the selected red color (shade) in sign and/or the counting diagram picture.For example, can use a
*Passage identify and quantize owing to or the red degree of hemochrome (as visible in cross polarization illumination) or porphyrin (from the blue-fluorescence illumination).So more generally, if the indication of the skin response in concrete redness (or any other color) colourity skin in a certain respect, then with L
*a
*b
*The digital picture that coordinate is expressed can be used for sign and quantizes this concrete color response.Red degree difference between the image can quantize by simple subtraction.
Use L
*a
*b
*Another example that the colour space is analyzed is the L that uses by the image that obtains with white-light illuminating (and/or to illumination light and/or camera use intersection or parallel polarization filter)
*Channel data is assessed whole skin lightness/darkness.Can also utilize L
*Channel image data is come in the identification image pore that representative the blocked trickle white portion to the response of blue-fluorescence illumination.The concrete responsive color shades in the reference numbers image, the intensity of response also is useful measuring for the assessment skin.As by it at a
*, b
*Associated coordinate on the plane is the concrete colourity of given pixel specifiedly, just can use the L of this pixel
*Value is determined the intensity of the concrete color of this pixel.
Owing to can be independent of intensity at L
*a
*b
*Colour space definition colourity, therefore can be independent of illumination intensity converts L to from him/her
*a
*b
*The digital picture of coordinate is determined the measurement to the colourity of this Person's skin.The color of skin can be determined by sampling and/or by the average colourity corresponding to the pixel of face.Correspondingly, by calculating " average color " that just can determine this people.Alternatively, average color can be limited in specific (all) positions of skin, for example cheek, forehead, nose and chin.In arbitrary situation, the skin colourity of determining by graphical analysis can be used for and has the colourity of the palette that applies some make up 22 such as foundation cream of multiple colourity 24 to make comparisons.Cosmetics colourity 24 can be by it at L
*a
*b
*The form of expressed color is analyzed and is quantized in the colour space.In this way, individual " average color " can be carried out comparing quantitatively and identifying immediate indivedual colourity 24 with the available color in the palette 22.Except color-match, can be with individual's L
*a
*b
*Available color in view data and the palette 22 is made comparisons by selected controlled quatity skin to be brightened or is dimmed.
Further, can utilize the present invention to be defined as palette 24 colourities 24 that select and that wherein presented at cosmetics palette 22.More specifically, shown in the bottom of Fig. 4, a plurality of image SIP of different people can be taken
1To SIP
nEach image in this group image can be analyzed and quantizes by the form of the people's who occurs in this image color or average color.Optimally, the broad base of the object images of the proprietary whole colour of skin spectrum that comprises whole ethnic groups and nationality will be obtained to represent.Subsequently can be by L
*, a
*And b
*Value sorts for example with L with ascending order or descending
*a
*b
*The view data that coordinate is expressed, thus colourity and brightness value spectrum produced, wherein can from these values, select the end points on these spectrums, and numerical value ground is divided into this spectrum, and close need a number chrominance/luminance gradient.This numerical division will obtain chrominance/luminance value (L
*a
*b
*Coordinate), it can be used as the color of object of the colourity 24 in the palette 22 of cosmetics subsequently.This process and colourity 24 wherein are that the difference of the known method determined according to the percentage component of the various pigments in the cosmetics is that the colourity 24 that identifies among the present invention as sample plot are equally distributed (because of L in the scope of true skin tone value definitely
*a
*b
*The colour space is linear).Changing by component in the example of cosmetic color, colourity is independent of the chrominance/luminance of viewed user's skin to be developed, and therefore " nature " and distribute unevenly in actual skin tone spectrum.In case determined the color of object of colourity 24, just can adjust subsequently the component of cosmetics until realize all types of target color.
As mentioned above, Fig. 4 illustrates and can assess and quantize it to the change of the response of change digital imagery, that indicate its skin along with the multiple image that a people is taken in passage of time.Owing to be transformed into L
*a
*b
*Can be used for sign and quantized color response, the comparison that has strengthened between different imaging sessions the different value of color/intensity response changes and trend to distinguish, thereby is better than available comparison in independent RGB analysis.L
*a
*b
*The structure that the spherical 3D coordinate of passage is marked and drawed has disclosed the distribution that consists of the pixel of just analyzed image.Can come with the change of colorspace distribution for the individual, process group or colony and determine improvement to the red degree of skin, jaundice degree, pigmentation, tanned, uniform hue etc.
Fig. 5 diagram according to of the present invention be used to utilizing L
*a
*b
*Color space transformation is assisted the process 30 that manifests with the analyzing skin situation.Take digital photos (32), thereby obtain rgb image data 34.This RGB data transaction (36) is become L
*a
*b
*Data 38.For example process (40) this L by the color or the brightness that change selected pixel in this image subsequently
*a
*b
*Data 38 are to generate treated L
*a
*b
*Data 42 (modified array can be called " treated lab ").In an example, be identified at the pixel that responds in the concrete colourity and can be used for showing this pixel subset in highlighted its mode that exists at image, for example for example increase its L that is associated by numerical value ground
*Value is come to show all certification of registered capital pixels with relative higher intensity.Subsequently can be with treated L
*a
*b
*Data 42 conversions (44) become the RGB data, obtain treated RGB data 46 (being used for expressing in the RGB colour space the new byte type memory array of image).Can preserve subsequently (48) and for example show (50) these RGB data 46 at computer monitor.
The present invention recognizes and certainly exists image transitions in the RGB colour space to L with what obtain from equipment such as digital camera, scanner
*a
*b
*The colour space provides some advantage.For example, (1) is at L
*a
*b
*In the colour space, pixel intensity is transferred to its oneself passage (L
*) and do not obscure thus color measuring, (2) relate to L
*a
*b
*The calculating of the pixel value in the colour space passage is linear, and these are different from the nonlinear RGB colour space, and the impact that (3) are not changed by brightness (or illumination) can when obtaining is assessed color change, (4) known L (in the zone of reasonableness)
*, a
*Or b
*The change of a unit will be awared by the people, and the change of 1 unit of R, G or B value depends on that for example this change from 50 to 51 or 245 to 246 can or can not be awared, and (5) can be expressed as L with whole digital picture or the subregion in it easily
*a
*b
*Triple, this from only obtain from little point-like or some zone and need to carry out the colorimeter that multiple measurement characterizes big zone and measure different.Represent the L of digital picture
*a
*b
*Value can be stored in the database and experience data mining technology with alternative the colony of for example (i) interested from having (all) characteristics, (ii) close monitored object the colony that needs characteristic from having, (iii) monitored object or (iv) is analyzed data from object to select positive or negative (bad) reactor finding departing from standard in clinical testing in clinical testing.
Should be understood that embodiment described herein only is exemplary, and those skilled in the art can make many distortion and modification and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.For example, although explained the present invention with the mode of facial imaging, the present invention also will be for other positions of imaging and analysis health.Although used the RGB data transaction is become L
*a
*b
*Form of explanation the present invention, but can change the other forms of data of obtaining such as Raw or YC-tiff according to instruction of the present invention.All these type of distortion and modification all are intended to be covered in range of the present invention.
Claims (21)
1. method that is used to analyze the colour of skin may further comprise the steps:
(A) use first color space to catch the digital picture of skin;
(B) described digital picture is stored as data;
(C) convert described DID to L
*a
*b
*Colour space data;
(D) analyze quantitatively described L
*a
*b
*Colour space data.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, step (D) comprises according to described L
*a
*b
*The a of colour space data
*b
*Value is determined the average color of face.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, comes to select cosmetics from the cosmetics palette with described average color.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described cosmetics are foundation creams.
5. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, selects described cosmetics to reach certain heavy fixation target based on described average color.
6. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described average color is used the color of object that acts on preparing cosmetics.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described step (D) comprises by separating described L
*a
*b
*The a* value of colour space data is determined the intensity of the red response of skin, wherein carries out described seizure step (A) in cross polarization light, and described red response is read as indication to hemochrome.
8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, step (D) comprises by separating described L
*a
*b
*The a of colour space data
*Value is determined the intensity of the green response of skin, wherein carries out described seizure step (A) in blue light, and with the described green indication that is read as porphyrin that responds.
9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described step (D) comprises by separating described L
*a
*b
*The L of colour space data
*Value is determined the intensity of the luminosity response of skin, and carries out described seizure step (A) in polarized light.
10. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described step (D) comprises by separating described L
*a
*b
*The L of colour space data
*Value is determined the intensity of the luminosity response of skin, wherein carries out described seizure step (A) in blue light, and described luminosity response is read as being blocked the indication of pore.
11. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprise at the different people in the given colony repeatedly repeating step (A) to the step of (C).
12. method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, the described L of described colony
*a
*b
*The scope of colour space data definition color/brightness value is counted N to be created in a finite population cosmetics color of object that roughly distributes equably on the described scope with described scope divided by selecting.
13. method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, also comprises preparing the step of color near the multiple cosmetic composition of described color of object.
14. method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, also comprises the described L that stores described colony
*a
*b
*The step of colour space data and the step of in described data, searching for the example that satisfies selected criteria.
15. method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described DID and described L
*a
*b
*In the colour space data at least one comprises the identifier of imaging object and the sign that indication participates in clinical research in situation about being suitable for, and described criterion is to participate in described clinical research.
16. method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, also comprises the described L that analyzes described colony
*a
*b
*Colour space data are with the step of sign standardization value scope, and wherein the described criterion of searching period departs from described standardization value scope.
17. method as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, the described response that departs from indication to described skin treatments.
18. a method that is used for analyst's the colour of skin may further comprise the steps:
(A) use first color space to catch first digital picture of described people's skin at time t1;
(B) described digital picture is stored as data;
(C) use described first color space to catch second digital picture of described people's skin at time t2;
(D) convert described first and second DIDs to L
*a
*b
*Colour space data;
(E) the described L of more described first and second images quantitatively
*a
*b
*Color/the luminance difference of colour space data to determine to exist in described first and second images.
19. method as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, that carries out in described step (E) describedly comprises that relatively more described skin is in described first and second images essentially identical at least one zone among both.
20. method as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, describedly comprises that relatively described skin is in described first and second images essentially identical a plurality of zones among both.
21. method as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, the zone of described comparison is that described people's face and described first colour space is RGB, and described method further comprise more described first and second images as according to its corresponding corresponding L
*a
*b
*The step of average color/brightness value that colour space data are determined.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US84876806P | 2006-10-02 | 2006-10-02 | |
| US60/848,768 | 2006-10-02 | ||
| US11/863,333 | 2007-09-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101523169A true CN101523169A (en) | 2009-09-02 |
Family
ID=41082443
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007800364792A Pending CN101523169A (en) | 2006-10-02 | 2007-10-01 | Apparatus and method for analyzing skin using L*a*b* colorspace |
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101523169A (en) |
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