CN101523128B - Two-axle solar tracker - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a two-axle solar tracker, consisting of a moving supporting system for solar panels, which maximises the energy production of said panels and which is formed by a vertical axle and a horizontal axle in relation to which the system rotates in order to track the sun's path. The aforementioned axles are components of a structure supported at the centre and supported peripherally on wheels positioned on a running track or surface. The structure rotates about a fixed central point supporting the vertical axle of the tracker. At least one board is positioned on the horizontal axle of the structure in order to receive the solar modules or panels and said board(s) can rotate about the horizontal axle so that the solar panels are maintained perpendicular to the sun's rays.

Description

Two-axle solar tracker

Technical field

Subject of this patent application: a kind of two-axle solar tracker, relate to the motion support system that a kind of energy that is used for helping as much as possible solar panels produces, the layout on the plane by making solar panel in a whole day is all perpendicular to sunshine.

Of the present invention being mainly used in solar energy industry, and more specifically, be solar tracking device or solar device.

Background technology

In the prior art state, be unknown such as the solar tracker of theme of the present invention, still, other solar tracker is known, it can be categorized as:

-be supported on flat panel on fixing single seat stand etc. with single center support;

-flat panel on the rotating frame of the non-rolling in bottom; And

-flat panel on incline structure (platform) with a plurality of trunnion axis with the platform that rolls the bottom.

The tracker of these types has their advantage, but whole consideration and relevant factors such as manufacturing, maintenance, security also have shortcoming.The invention that proposes provides lot of advantages, because:

-it minimizes the particular elements of high price;

-it requires considerably less work and material to making and assembling; And

-it is a kind of simple and efficient device.

In addition, the other problem of the known solar tracker that rolls on running surface or track is: because their high degree of rigidity, they require described running surface or the complete level of track.And on described surface or track be not under the situation of complete level, described wheel is suspended and contact surface not at its passage than the wheel on the low spot, and so when the wheel that does not contact with stayed surface or track is the tractor wheel, thereby will lacks traction and will make assembly be difficult to rotation.

In addition, because the solar panel of waiting to be assembled on the plate of the solar tracker in the background technology is not a standard, so different solar panels can require the plate of different size.In the prior art, solar panel is installed to the profile of formation panel or the plate of panel with screw usually, its main shortcoming is the requirement that it is implemented, for example, if the making of boring, the precision of structure are electroplated just needs housing screw, be easy to close plate etc. by the plate both sides, far and away, most important factor is the time and therefore assembles the needed work of panel with screw, because screw placement must be screwed on another face on a face of plate and them.Because by the large scale on the formed plane of panel, very difficulty is carried out in this behavior.In addition, the fact of using screw to fix panel makes and steals them and be easy to.

U.S. Patent number US-4256088-A has described a kind of solar-energy collecting device that comprises modularization point, and described modularization point is aimed at the solar-energy collecting panel that is mounted to sun-tracing movingly.This panel has reflecting surface and the triangle or the class triangular structure of whole paraboloidal, and this structure has improved the globality of structure, wind resistance is dropped to minimum and allowed also easy fast the arrangement.

Application No. US-2001036024-A1 has described a kind of matrix form solar dish concentrator with curved glass mirror, it is by parallel with paraboloidal symmetry axis and form pattern with rectangle plane that parabola intersects, and such pattern makes all parabolic frameworks unified.Solar dish is utilized bicycle wheel sun-tracing energy orientation and is utilized disc type satellite television brake sun-tracing energy peak.Solar receiver is by the following shade support structure outside the cone of converge sunlight.

Summary of the invention

As already mentioned, the present invention relates to a kind of two-axle solar tracker, particularly, described tracker will rotate with another trunnion axis with respect to vertical axis, so that the path that sun-tracing is passed by.Described axle is merged into its center and is supported on last and its peripheral member that is supported on the structure on the wheel of described axle, and described wheel is supported on operation surface or the track successively.The last rotation of fixed center point that solar tracker reaches so related structure is supporting the vertical axis of tracker thereon.Described structure comprises trunnion axis, and at least one block of plate is positioned on the described trunnion axis, in order to hold solar energy module or panel.Described plate or polylith plate can rotate on described trunnion axis, thereby make solar panel keep vertical with sunray.

Being used for capturing the solar panel of solar energy or plate and incorporating into or be assembled in preferred metallic solar energy tracker structure, particularly, is in forming one of described structure or more plates.Described plate or polylith plate form the panel that keeps vertical with sunshine successively, that is, for the purpose of capturing more and better solar energy, the solar panel that is incorporated in the plate keeps vertical.

The plate of plate or described structure and thereby the plane or the panel of solar energy module be provided with two kinds of motions, a kind of is rotational motion with respect to vertical axis, another kind is the rotational motion with respect to trunnion axis, two axles are perpendicular to one another.The following point of vertical axis is fixed to ground, thereby makes tracker rotate with respect to described fixing point, and the trunnion axis vertical with vertical axis makes plate or polylith plate as much as possible with respect to its rotation.Under more than one situation of plate in panel, the rotation that forms the method for synchronization on single plane is desirable, but the method for the traction element of any plate in polylith plate for example can not the situation of proper operation under, (that is, independently) mode that such panel obviously can be asynchronous is rotated.

Theme of the present invention thereby be two-axle solar tracker, it allows to keep solar energy module or panel vertical with respect to sunshine, and is not subjected to the control that position of sun changes in one day.

As mentioning, the plane of panel forms by forming whole also at least one block of plate of supporting solar panels with the solar tracker structure, described plate is supported on the described rolling structure that rotates with respect to central point, and described central point is fixed to the footing that is used to lock whole assembly.The center support of rolling structure is supported on the wheel on the vertical axis and its periphery, some wheels are wheels, and other wheels are to support wheel, and described rolling structure is because described wheel (utilizing the motor wheels of automation gear motor) rotates in the activity of running track or horizontal surface (ground, smooth base plate, beams of concrete, metal profile etc.).

Have at tracker under the situation of two boards, trunnion axis is divided into two trunnion axis, trunnion axis is incorporated in the rolling structure, and preferably rely on the automation driver, worm screw mechanical gear motor for example, the rotation of decision and control panel or polylith plate, and thereby the plane of control solar energy module or the rotation of panel.Thereby for the every day in 1 year and each constantly, can utilize automation equipment easily to obtain the rotation of plate or polylith plate, thereby obtain the rotation of solar panel with respect to trunnion axis or axle with respect to trunnion axis or axle.Described automation driver can be common for a more than plate, if perhaps these plates are independently, can are independently for every block of plate in these plates also, thereby allow these plates to rotate in a synchronous manner, but drive independently.

Can rely on control module (optical type or automation equipment type able to programme) control with respect to the rotation of vertical axis or point and with respect to the rotation of trunnion axis or axle, it can comprise that help is according to the position of the sun and meteorological condition and the different sensor of the solar panel of localization tracker.

Rolling structure is formed by the construction package of panel grider, and as mention, its by wheel support on the running surface and single being positioned on center and the fixing vertical rotation point.Be assembled with on it plate of solar panel or polylith plate as horizontal rotating shaft, form as described in the part of structure.Described structure has protuberance as front end successively in its front portion, so that provide good stable for construction package thereby for solar device.

The solar tracker that the present invention proposes also has the device of permission true(-)running on the running surface that is not complete level, thereby adapts to the level variation on described surface.

Another object of the present invention thereby be a kind of solar tracker can prevent the variation of its running and surface-supported level, prevents to require its upper support that the complete level on the operation surface of tracker is arranged.

In order to obtain aforementioned purpose, and more specifically, the fault that produces because of operation surface out-of-level in order to prevent solar tracker, solar tracker theme of the present invention will have the plane of the panel that the two boards by solar energy module or panel forms.

Described two boards is anchored on the panel grider of a part of rolling supporting construction.The panel grider that forms solar device flatly is divided into two parts that equate that are connected to vertical axis, supposes that each part has upper boom and lower beam that the mobile connector of dependence is attached to vertical axis.In addition, in an end and its underpart relative, that is, on the lower end of the outside of panel grider, has one at least at lip-deep support of operation and traction wheel with connector.On the operation surface is under the complete smooth situation, the top of panel grider or the single imaginary trunnion axis of following qualification.

The complicated mobile needs that machinery has prevented operation surface that solar tracker is horizontally rotated fully thereon that connect, make wheel rely on the actual weight effect of wheel and contact with operation surface or track, thereby can not lose always draws and supports because described machinery need not to consider to move the level of surface or track.

Described mobile connector relies on for example lower beam and the formation of the hinge between the vertical axis of panel grider, and described hinge transmission is except all pressure the rotation bending moment relevant with hinge axis that produces between beam and the central vertical shaft.Simultaneously, in the connector between upper boom and central shaft, use the glossal canal seam of all pressure between transmission upper boom and the vertical axis, the glossal canal seam belongs to axial compressive force in the upper boom that allows panel grider only in the type of transmitting towards the direction of central vertical shaft.

Even not reason from this pressure to the direction of deep vertical axis that transmit be surface or track be not level and have level difference wheel can be supported on surface or the track.

The maximum of wheel raise and the decline boundary by to make decision:

-maximum the rising: wheel can not be elevated to the top of the vertical axis position contacting in upper boom and the glossal canal seam.

-maximum decline: wheel has the length as the glossal canal seam between the vertical axis at upper boom and center of decline boundary.

Final purpose of the present invention is to allow to use the tracker of the solar panel of different size, and be fixed in the plate, solve the nonstandard problem of width, height and the thickness of solar panel or module, allow different solar panels to be used on the plate or polylith plate of tracker according to the needs of final setter.

Be used for solar energy module or panel are fixed on plate or the polylith plate that the system of the plate of solar tracker or polylith plate need be formed by preferred rectangular frame, beam with metal profile slides in described rectangular frame, with the width of their spaced apart needed panels.Described metal profile forms track, and described solar panel is contained in this track, and does not need to be screwed onto under the situation of profile of plate fixing at such solar panel subsequently.For the purpose of radiation emitted on the active surface that does not reduce panel, the flange of described profile must be equal to or less than the size of the frame system of panel.These profile beams can have any U, I type part etc.

Comprise according to the measurement of the panel in the track of its profile to be used and some profile of needs in case form and assemble, these panels just are introduced into and slide into wherein, if and had clearance, might use silicones point (silicone point) to prevent that described panel from moving in track because of possible excessive clearance on the track so.

As mentioning, every block of plate is preferably formed by metal framework, described metal framework has profile etc. and therein guide rail or track with preferred or profile, described guide rail or track are perpendicular to the girder of the circumference of dividing described framework thereby plate, and described guide rail relies on the annex that allows to slide on framework to be connected to framework.Utilize such installation, the width between two guide rails can be fit to the solar energy module that must slide or the width of panel between described guide rail.

Guide rail also has centrifugal flat bar, and its whole length with the height of described guide rail is divided into two parts, and because it is centrifugal, so described two height are different, allows to introduce the solar panel with different-thickness like this.The bottom of guide rail has permanent closure thing or plug, and it prevents that solar panel from skidding off or detaching guide rail when solar panel is introduced between two guide rails.Unlatching and closed-system are installed in top, to prevent to be introduced in the unnecessary movement of the solar panel between the guide rail.

In order to guarantee the stable of every panel, use firm cable diagonally with its corresponding regulating wheel, these cables are attached with the central area of the corner of plate or edge and its framework, thereby make cable that a kind of facility and necessary fixing (saint-andrew's-cross) are provided in a simple manner, structurally helped the maintenance of " framework-guide rail-panel " assembly.

Description of drawings

Mention with the subsidiary following accompanying drawing of non-limited way following for helping to understand purpose of the present invention:

Fig. 1 shows perspective view (1a), front elevation view (1b) and the lateral elevational view (1c) of solar tracker theme of the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows the lateral elevational view of panel grider, central shaft and operating component;

Fig. 3 shows the local A of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 shows the local B of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 shows the exploded view of the assembly of the solar panel in the plate according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 shows the possible scheme of the local A of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 shows the local B of Fig. 5;

Fig. 8 shows the Local C of Fig. 5;

Fig. 9 shows the local D of Fig. 5;

Figure 10 shows the possibility of the local D of Fig. 5;

Figure 11 shows the rotation order of the locational two-axle solar tracker with respect to its vertical axis of in the two-axle solar tracker position 10;

Figure 12 shows the front elevation view (12a) and the perspective view (12b) of the solar tracker theme of the present invention of the individual plates with solar panel.

The explanation of preferred implementation

Solar tracker theme of the present invention is supported on the running surface or track or circular rail 6 such as ground, smooth base plate, and rotates with respect to its axle 8 and central point 30, and central point 30 is fixed to ground by the footing that is used for locked component.Solar tracker is formed by the rolling supporting construction 5 with respect to described central point 30 and axle 8 rotations, and the described supporting construction 5 of solar tracker is formed by the construction package 9,10 and 11 of metal panel grider.As looking among the figure, concrete as look among Figure 11, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10 in proper order, supporting construction 5 has protuberance in its front portion, as to construction package also thereby the front end of good stability is provided to solar device.

Solar tracker is with respect to vertical axis and thereby rely on respect to the rotation of its centre spot 30 and to utilize wherein at least two to be the support wheel 7 that drives of motor and obtaining.Place gear motor or rotate the fact that relies on wheel to drive (that is, at the edge of structure rather than on the vertical rotation axle) makes it possible to reduce described gear motor on the basis of the less energy of needs because of big lever arm size.

Supporting construction 5 also is useful for the trunnion axis 4 of each plate 2 of support solar tracker.The solar panel 3 that sunshine is captured on the plane and being responsible for that forms the panel of tracker is fixed in the described plate 2.

For example the worm screw gear motor is used for plate 2 and thereby is used for the motion of panel 3 with respect to trunnion axis 4.The fact that can have a driving element that is used for each plate 2 makes can be synchronously with respect to the motion of each plate 2 of trunnion axis 4 but independent.

For the intensive work that minimizes driving and the warpage of plate 2, plate 2 also has loading element.

As describing, two-axle solar tracker 1 is formed by two gripper shoes 2 of solar panel 3, and each plate is integrated with horizontal rotating shaft 4, and each plate rotates with respect to its corresponding trunnion axis 4, and described axle 4 is fixed on the rolling supporting construction 5 of solar tracker.

Described structure 5 is formed by the construction package of panel grider, and is supported on running surface 6 and the run-on point 30 by wheel 7.

Two plates 2 are supported on the panel grider 9, are divided into two equal parts perpendicular to running surface 6 and by vertical axis 8.Each part of described panel grider 9 has upper boom 10 and lower beam 11, and it is connected to vertical axis 8, glossal canal seam 13 and hinge 12 with relying on motion respectively and fixes.Lower end in the panel grider outside also has the support wheel 7 that panel grider is rotated with respect to central point 30, and support wheel 7 preferably motor drives and drive tracker 1.

Referring to Fig. 2, at running surface 6 is not under the situation of complete level, in order to prevent that one in the wheel 7 is in contact surface 6 in the air and not, and thereby can not draw and have influence on the rotational motion of tracker 1, under the situation that the level of not considering running surface 6 changes, the glossal canal seam 13 of upper boom 10 makes wheel 7 can keep contacting with running surface 6 with the hinge 12 of lower beam 11.Hinge 12 makes lower beam 11 can rotate its end that descends, thereby makes the glossal canal seam 13 of the upper boom 10 necessary distance of sliding.The maximum decline boundary of wheel 7 is by 13 decisions of glossal canal seam.

When running surface 6 raise, systemic-function was identical, but in this case, and hinge 12 can rotate lower beam 10 to improve its end and 13 shortenings of glossal canal seam.The maximum rising boundary of wheel 7 is determined by the contact between upper boom 10 and the vertical axis 8.

If guarantee the running surface level, solar tracker just may have single trunnion axis 4 to two boards 2 on each side of vertical axis 8, rather than every block of plate is all had trunnion axis.

The purpose of solar tracker 1 as its name referring, is that path that sun-tracing passes by is to make great efforts to capture the sunshine of maximum.In order to reach this purpose, the rotational motion on describing vertical axis 8, also mention the solar panel 3 that is arranged in two plates 2 on the framework 14, keep vertical thereby make panel rely on sunshine with respect to the rotational motion of trunnion axis 4.

Each described plate 2 has preferred rectangular frame 14, and two mobile jibs 16 of described rectangular frame 14 are parallel to the upper boom 10 of panel grider 9.The limit of framework 14 is formed by profile etc.In order to support the panel 3 on the described framework 14, tracker 1 has and is positioned on the framework 14 guide rail or the runner 15 vertical with mobile jib 16.Described guide rail 15 is connected on the framework 14 and slides on framework 14, particularly, is on the mobile jib 16 of framework 14.

Described slip and fixing dependence obtain along the sliding attachment 18 of the pleated sheet type of the flange slip of framework or the anchor clamps 17 of band screw.Particularly, anchor clamps are formed by the semi-circle shaped elements that its center is screwed to rail plate 15, and an end in two end is connected to described guide rail 15, and another end freedom.Therefore, between the free end of anchor clamps and guide rail 16, spacing is arranged, the flange of the profile of the longest edge of framework 16 is contained in this spacing, sliding along described framework 14 after obtaining to treat the width of the solar panel 3 of introducing between two running guide rails 15 of formation track always, the screw-driving of anchor clamps 17, thereby guaranteed guide rail 15 position on framework 14.

Sliding attachment (pleated sheet 18 that slides along the flange of framework) is connected to rail plate or runner 15, and the same spacing of partly holding mobile jib 16 (described framework 14 stock) appears in the anchor clamps of embodiment as described above of being intended between limit of decision pleated sheet 18 and guide rail or the runner 15.

Aforementioned be used for according to the needs of setter or hobby and adjustable plate with two preferred implementations of the regulating system of the solar panel that holds different size, described adjusting and installation system can use other members to help the slip of guide rail and follow-up fixing and panel is installed to described guide rail.

The guide rail 15 that preferably has profile has centrifugal flat bar 19, the whole length of the height of described guide rail 15 is divided into two parts, and because it is centrifugal, so described two height (a, b) be different, allow to use the solar tracker 1 of the solar panel that also has different-thickness 3 that not only has different in width like this.

Solar panel 3 in the solar tracker 1 is simple and as following detailed installation to the assembling of the plate 2 of framework 14 and guide rail 15 formation.

At first make guide rail 15 be suitable for the width of solar panel 3, will rely on limit 16 slips and the fixing of anchor clamps 17 that solar panel 3 is used in the tracker 1 along framework.In case be ready for the track that holds panel 3, just begin panel 3 is incorporated between the guide rail, and according to their thickness, be supported on it on flat bar 19 of guide rail 15 or described flat bar 19 times.

When solar panel 3 arrives the end of guide rail 15, permanent closure thing 20 makes solar panel 3 closures, thereby prevent that solar panel 3 from de-orbiting, and in case all panels are incorporated into corresponding track, all tracks just rely on profile 21 closures such as grade, described profile 21 relies on nut to be fixed to corresponding end via lid, and described nut can be that fix or antitheft nut.

At last, in case panel 3 is incorporated in the two boards 2 of solar tracker 1, in order to guarantee the stable of every block of plate 2, just use cable 22 with its corresponding regulating wheel, these cables are attached with the central area of the corner of every block of plate and edge and its framework, thereby make cable provide a kind of facility and necessary fixing with the saint-andrew's-cross form in a simple manner, structurally helped the maintenance of " framework-guide rail-panel " assembly.

Another embodiment shown in Figure 12 shows the solar tracker of the individual plates that only comprises the solar panel that rotates with respect to trunnion axis.

Claims (15)

1. one kind makes solar panel (3) can keep the solar tracker (1) vertical with sunshine, it is characterized in that described tracker comprises:

-panel, it is by at least one plate (2) decision, and described plate (2) comprises solar panel (3), and described plate (2) is fixed on by horizontal rotating shaft (4) on the rolling supporting construction (5) of construction package formation of panel grider;

-central point (30) is equipped with single fixing vertical rotation axle (8) thereon, and described fixing vertical rotation axle (8) occupy the center and supports with respect to described rolling supporting construction (5) has the described rolling supporting construction (5) of at least one plate (2);

-protuberance, it is in the front portion of described rolling supporting construction (5), with as front end; And

-automated system, it drives with respect to two axles (4,8) rotation, at least one described plate (2) are rotated with respect to first of described horizontal rotating shaft (4) and the described fixing vertical rotation axle (8) of structure (5) rotates with respect to second of the described central point (30) on rolling surface or the track (6).

2. solar tracker according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described solar tracker has the wheel (7) of the bottom that is positioned at described rolling supporting construction (5), and it is used for rotating and be supported on described rolling surface or track (6) with respect to described fixing vertical rotation axle (8).

3. solar tracker according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described horizontal rotating shaft (4) is positioned on the panel grider (9), described panel grider (9) is as the part of supporting construction (5) and perpendicular to rolling surface or track (6), described panel grider (9) flatly is divided into two equal parts by described fixing vertical rotation axle (8), and each part in described two moieties has the mobile connector (12 of dependence, 13) be connected to the upper boom (10) and the lower beam (11) of described vertical axis, each in the lower end of the outside of described panel grider (9) all has at least one in the described wheel (7) that is supported on described rolling surface or the track (6).

4. solar tracker according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the lower beam (11) of described panel grider (9) is connected to described fixing vertical rotation axle (8), and described connection is to rely on the hinge (12) of the pressure that produces between the vertical rotation axle (8) that is used to be transmitted in described panel grider (9) and fixes to realize.

5. solar tracker according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the upper boom (10) of described panel grider (9) is connected to fixing vertical rotation axle (8), described connection relies on the glossal canal seam (13) that is used to be transmitted in the pressure that produces between described panel grider (9) and the fixing vertical rotation axle (8) to realize, this makes axial compressive force in the upper boom (10) of described panel grider (9) can be only transmit on the direction of the vertical rotation axle of fixing (8) of described bar (10).

6. solar tracker according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the contact between described upper boom (10) and the described fixing vertical rotation axle (8) has limited the maximum raised position of the wheel (7) on the lower end of the outside that is positioned at described panel grider (9).

7. solar tracker according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the maximum down position of described wheel (7) is by the length decision of described glossal canal seam (13).

8. solar tracker according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, each part decision horizontal rotating shaft (4) in two parts of described panel grider (9), thus the plate (2) that makes each part in two parts of described panel grider (9) support described solar panel (3) rotates or rotation with respect to described horizontal rotating shaft (4).

9. solar tracker according to claim 2 is characterized in that, at least two wheels in the described wheel are that motor drives, and all the other wheels are to support wheel.

10. solar tracker according to claim 1 is characterized in that, every block of plate has at least one worm screw, and this worm screw is by being used to that every block of plate is driven with respect to the gear motor that described trunnion axis rotates.

11. solar tracker according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described plate rotates with respect to described trunnion axis in mode synchronously with one another.

12. solar tracker according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described plate rotates with respect to described trunnion axis in mode independently of one another.

13. solar tracker according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the plate (2) of described solar panel (3) comprises the rectangular metal frame (14) with guide rail or runner (15), wherein said solar panel (3) is introduced between two described guide rails or the runner (15), the longest edge (16) of described guide rail or runner (15) and framework (14) is vertical and slide along the longest edge (16) of described framework (14), described guide rail or runner (15) are connected to described framework (14), described connection relies on described guide rail or runner (15) can be realized at the annex (17,18) that described longest edge (16) upward slides.

14. solar tracker according to claim 13, it is characterized in that, described sliding attachment is semicircle anchor clamps (17), the center of described anchor clamps (17) is screwed on rail plate or the runner (15), and an end in two ends of described anchor clamps (17) and described guide rail or runner (15) form an integral body, and the other end freedom, the interval of the longest edge that is intended to partly hold described framework (14) (16) between the bottom of described anchor clamps (17) the described free end of decision and guide rail or runner (15).

15. solar tracker according to claim 13, it is characterized in that, described sliding attachment is the pleated sheet (18) that forms an integral body with rail plate or runner (15), and described pleated sheet (18) determines a limit of described pleated sheet (18) and the interval of the longest edge that is intended to partly hold described framework (14) (16) between described guide rail or the runner (15).

Images