CN101519709A - Gas supply method in high-carbon regions during smelting stainless steel by AOD furnace - Google Patents
Gas supply method in high-carbon regions during smelting stainless steel by AOD furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN101519709A CN101519709A CN200810033920A CN200810033920A CN101519709A CN 101519709 A CN101519709 A CN 101519709A CN 200810033920 A CN200810033920 A CN 200810033920A CN 200810033920 A CN200810033920 A CN 200810033920A CN 101519709 A CN101519709 A CN 101519709A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas supply method in high-carbon regions during smelting stainless steel by an AOD furnace. A three step method is used for melting stainless steel by an electric stove, the AOD furnace and a VOD vacuum plant. The AOD furnace takes mother liquor which is melt by the electric stove as main material; a top oxygen lance is brought in the high-carbon region of the AOD furnace from the beginning of oxygen supplying to the decarburizing process, at that time, the carbon content in a molten pool is 2.5 percent to 3.5 percent; simultaneously, stainless steel smelting is carried out in a side-top combined blowing way and the side-top combined blowing stops when the carbon content reaches 0.40 percent to 0.60 percent; the ratio of oxygen to inert gases is 8:1 to 12:1; the oxygen flow of the top oxygen lance is 110 to 130 Nm<3>/min; the oxygen flow of a side oxygen lance is 90 to 110 Nm<3>/min; and the inert gas flow of the side oxygen lance is 20 to 30 Nm<3>/min. Aiming at the characteristic that the molten pool is always in the high-carbon region during the overall AOD furnace processing, the gas supply method carries out the side-top combined blowing at the beginning of the smelting, and adopts the gas supply method of large-ratio oxygen and inert gases to solve the difficulties of long smelting time and larger oxidization of chromium which exist in the prior art, thereby finally reducing the energy consumption of the electric stove and shortening the smelting circle of the AOD furnace.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the stainless steel field of steel-making, particularly AOD stove smelting stainless steel high-carbon regions air supply method.
Background technology
Tradition AOD stove (argon oxygen decarburizing furnace) smelting stainless steel, all be to smelt with electric furnace and AOD stove duplex, wherein electric furnace is a main raw material with stainless steel steel scrap, iron alloy and a small amount of straight carbon steel steel scrap all, above-mentioned main raw material forms liquid mother liquor and as the main raw material of AOD stove smelting stainless steel behind furnace melting.Its carbon content is general 0.8%～1.6%, belongs to the low-carbon (LC) mother liquor, thereby makes the AOD stove smelt that the beginning carbon content is low, beginning temperature higher (can reach about 1530 ℃).At above-mentioned raw materials (mother liquor) characteristics, the AOD stove generally only uses the side-blown air pressure gun to smelt, and constantly carrying out with smelting process, progressively adjust the ratio of oxygen and rare gas element, generalized case, this ratio is followed successively by 3:1,1:1,1:2,1:3, smelting cycle 60 minutes～75 minutes.
In sum, the high-carbon regions plenum system of traditional AOD stove smelting stainless steel is: 1, smelting begins promptly to begin oxygen supply; 2, high-carbon regions oxygen supply process is only used the side-blown air pressure gun; 3, in the high-carbon regions smelting process, oxygen and rare gas element ratio are lower, only are 3:1.
The traditional AOD stove of table 1 smelting stainless steel high-carbon regions blowing mode
| Project | Numerical value |
| Initial carbon content | 0.80％-1.50％ |
| The high-carbon regions endpoint carbon content | 0.28％-0.32％ |
| Top rifle oxygen rifle flow | 0Nm 3/min |
| Side rifle oxygen rifle flow | 90Nm 3/min |
| Side rifle inert gas flow (nitrogen or argon gas) | 30Nm 3/min |
| Oxygen and rare gas element ratio | 3:1 |
In recent years, in order to improve AOD stove production capacity, part stainless steel manufacturer has developed the directly method of the blast-melted smelting stainless steel of use of AOD stove, as Chinese patent " method of smelting ferritic stainless steel from total molten iron ", in this method, the AOD stove is a main raw material with blast-melted, iron alloy, because the beginning temperature is a molten iron temperature, it is worth about 1200 ℃～1300 ℃, temperature is lower, the beginning carbon content is the molten iron carbon component, can reach more than 3%, therefore introduces top oxygen gun to strengthen oxygen supply intensity early stage in smelting.Since do not contain in the initial molten iron stainless steel the chromium element that must comprise, so the fs smelting process is similar to the straight carbon steel smelting process, just rise to certain level as more than 1600 ℃ the time to bath temperature, begin just now to add and contain ferrochrome, whole smelting cycle is longer, and general AOD stove smelting cycle reached more than 100 minutes.
The AOD stove is during with full molten iron smelting stainless steel, and its high-carbon regions plenum system is: 1. smelt and begin promptly to begin oxygen supply; 2. high-carbon regions leading portion only uses the oxygen supply of side-blown air pressure gun, and its function is that oxidation adds silicon in the steel with rising molten steel bath temperature; 3. the high-carbon regions back segment is brought into use side top complex method air feed; 4. in the high-carbon regions top-bottom blowing stage, oxygen and rare gas element ratio are still lower, about 7.3:1.
The full molten iron smelting stainless steel of table 2 AOD stove high-carbon regions blowing mode
| Project | The high-carbon regions fs | The high-carbon regions subordinate phase |
| Initial carbon content | 3.50％-4.00％ | 2.50％-3.00％ |
| The high-carbon regions endpoint carbon content | 2.50％-3.00％ | 0.40％-0.60％ |
| Top rifle oxygen rifle flow | 0Nm 3/min | 140Nm 3/min |
| Side rifle oxygen rifle flow | 90Nm 3/min | 90Nm 3/min |
| Side rifle inert gas flow (nitrogen or argon gas) | 30Nm 3/min | 30Nm 3/min |
| Oxygen and rare gas element ratio | 3:1 | 7.7:1 |
The prior art characteristics see the following form 3:
Table 3
| AOD stove tradition stainless steel smelting | The full molten iron smelting of AOD stove | |
| The beginning temperature (℃) | About 1530 ℃ | About 1150 ℃ |
| Beginning carbon content (%) | About 1.2% | About 3.5% |
| Beginning chromium content (%) | About 16% | The Chrome-free element, 0% |
| The beginning oxygen supply is (smelting stage) constantly | Smelt beginning | Smelt beginning |
| High-carbon regions oxygen supply mode | Only use the side rifle to blow side merely | Use the side rifle to blow side merely earlier, top rifle and side rifle side top top-bottom blowing are used in the back |
| High-carbon regions oxygen and rare gas element ratio | About 3:1 | About 7.7:1 |
The problem that prior art exists sees Table 4,
Table 4
| AOD stove tradition stainless steel smelting | The full molten iron smelting of AOD stove |
| Because the beginning carbon content is lower, the beginning temperature is higher, chromium amount of oxidation and smelting cycle all can be accepted; But when carbon content was higher, if use same operating method, chromium amount of oxidation (increasing about 0.25%) bigger than normal, smelting cycle prolonged (increasing about 20 minutes) significantly. | Because the beginning carbon content is higher, do not contain the chromium element in the lower and molten iron of beginning temperature, its chromium amount of oxidation is bigger than normal, smelting cycle is long partially; When beginning contain more chromium element (16%-18%) in the mother liquor, when the beginning temperature is higher, if use same operating method, chromium amount of oxidation and smelting cycle all have the space of bigger reduction. |
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of AOD stove smelting stainless steel high-carbon regions air supply method, during at electric furnace, AOD stove and VOD vacuum unit three-step approach smelting stainless steel, the AOD stove is handled the processing condition that its molten bath of whole process all is in (about 3.0%-0.30%) in the high-carbon regions, begin promptly to carry out side top top-bottom blowing by smelting at the AOD stove, and the method that adopts vast scale oxygen and rare gas element air feed solve exist in the prior art such as difficult problems such as tap to tap time are long, chromium element amount of oxidation is bigger, finally reduce electric furnace energy consumption, shortening AOD stove smelting cycle.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is,
AOD stove smelting stainless steel high-carbon regions air supply method, when electric furnace, AOD stove and VOD vacuum unit three-step approach smelting stainless steel, AOD stove are main raw material so that furnace melting is mother liquid obtained, AOD stove high-carbon regions from the beginning oxygen supply to the decarburization stage, promptly begin molten bath carbon content 2.5%～3.5% o'clock introducing top oxygen gun, using top rifle and side-blown air pressure gun simultaneously is that the compound mode of blowing in side top is carried out stainless steel smelting; AOD furnace roof rifle adopts single hole oxygen rifle, and the outlet Mach number is designed to 2.1; The molten bath carbon content reaches the 0.40%-0.60% top-bottom blowing and stops; Oxygen and the rare gas element ratio of supplying with the molten bath are 8:1～12:1, and wherein, top rifle oxygen flow is 110Nm
3/ min～130Nm
3/ min, side rifle oxygen flow are 90Nm
3/ min～110Nm
3/ min, side rifle inert gas flow 20Nm
3/ min～30Nm
3/ min, the oxygen and rare gas element ratio=(top rifle oxygen flow+side rifle oxygen flow) the ÷ side rifle inert gas flow in supply molten bath.
Further, described side rifle rare gas element is selected a kind of between nitrogen and argon gas according to steel grade.
It is 1490 ℃～1530 ℃ that AOD begins temperature.
Described AOD furnace roof rifle adopts single hole oxygen rifle; Described AOD furnace roof rifle outlet Mach number is designed to 2.1～2.2.
The difference of the present invention and prior art is:
1, the beginning condition difference of Ye Lianing sees Table 5:
Table 5
| AOD stove tradition stainless steel smelting | The full molten iron smelting of AOD stove | The present invention | |
| AOD begin temperature (℃) | 1500℃-1540℃ | 1150℃-1250℃ | 1490℃-1530℃ |
| Beginning carbon content (%) | About 1.2% | About 3.5% | 2.5％-3.5％ |
| Beginning chromium content (%) | About 16% | The Chrome-free element, 0% | About 17% |
The difference of 2, oxygen supply mode, referring to table 6:
Table 6
| AOD stove tradition stainless steel smelting | The full molten iron smelting of AOD stove | The present invention | |
| Whether use the top rifle | Not | Be | Be |
| When use the top rifle | — | After oxygen supply for some time | Smelt beginning |
| Top-bottom blowing whether | Not | Be | Be |
| Stop the top rifle constantly | — | [C]：0.32％-0.42％ | [C]：0.40％-0.60％ |
| Oxygen and rare gas element ratio | 3:1 | 7.7:1 | 8:1—12:1 |
The present invention is mainly based on electric furnace and AOD stove and VOD (vacuum-oxygen decarbonizing, VacuumOxyqen Decarburization) processing method of vacuum unit three-step approach smelting stainless steel, but different is with traditional electric furnace and AOD stove smelting stainless steel, and electric furnace has been introduced blast-melted as one of its main raw material through dephosphorization treatment on the one hand; On the other hand, the molten bath carbon content is all higher in the AOD stove entire treatment process, reaches more than 0.30%, belongs to the whole process high-carbon regions and smelts.Thus, through blast-melted, the stainless steel steel scrap of dephosphorization treatment and part iron alloy through furnace melting, heat up and enter the AOD stove after, its mother liquor carbon content can reach more than 3%, about 1530 ℃ of temperature, belong to the high-carbon mother liquor, and contain the chromium element in the mother liquor, both be different from the processing condition that traditional electrical stove and AOD stove duplex are smelted, also be different from the stainless processing condition of the full molten iron smelting of AOD stove.
At this moment, the working method of AOD stove during as if traditional electric furnace of employing and AOD stove duplex smelting stainless steel, because the mother liquor carbon content is very high, AOD furnace side blowing rifle oxygen supply intensity is low, AOD stove smelting cycle will prolong greatly; If adopt the stainless method of the full molten iron smelting of AOD stove, again owing to contain the chromium element of very easily oxidation in higher (about 1530 ℃) of AOD stove starting temperature and the initial mother liquor, though can introduce top oxygen gun to strengthen AOD stove oxygen supply intensity, to shorten AOD stove oxygen supply time, but relevant high-carbon regions plenum system is then inconsistent with material condition, very easily causes a large amount of oxidations of chromium element in the molten steel.
Begin condition not simultaneously at AOD stove smelting stainless steel, begin to contain in temperature height, beginning carbon content height, the beginning composition characteristics such as chromium element at it, promptly adopt the method for top oxygen gun and sidepiece oxygen rifle top-bottom blowing by begin oxygen supply from the AOD stove, and employing vast scale (throughput ratio of oxygen and rare gas element) control device, overcome problems such as the chromium amount of oxidation that existing AOD stove high-carbon regions oxygen-supplying technology brings is bigger than normal, smelting cycle is long partially, obtained effect preferably.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
Contain up to 3%, in the mother liquor under the chromium element of very easily oxidation and the condition that starting temperature reaches 1530 ℃ in initial carbon content, the AOD stove is by adopting the side top top-bottom blowing method that the present invention explained, owing to rationally be provided with side top top-bottom blowing pattern and top rifle oxygen supply period of AOD stove high-carbon regions, when strengthening AOD stove molten bath oxygen supply intensity, a large amount of oxidations of chromium element in the molten bath have been avoided.So, when one aspect of the present invention had overcome traditional electric furnace and AOD stove duplex smelting stainless steel, only use blew side air pressure gun and causes the long partially and high situation of energy consumption of electric furnace of AOD stove oxygen supply intensity deficiency, tap to tap time; On the other hand, when also having overcome the AOD stove and directly having used blast-melted smelting stainless steel through dephosphorization treatment, open when blowing by adding and add a large amount of iron alloys in intensification material, the smelting process and compensate and do not contain the insufficient problem of composition that the chromium element causes in bath temperature deficiency and the molten iron, thereby greatly shortened AOD stove smelting cycle.
Embodiment
The present invention smelts 410S, three class stainless steels such as 304 and 430 respectively, and each steel grades specification is shown in table 1, table 2 and table 3, and it is as shown in table 4 to smelt implementation result.
Embodiment 1:(lower limit parameter is implemented)
The molten bath begins carbon content: 2.52%;
Top-bottom blowing endpoint carbon content: 0.41%;
Top-bottom blowing stage top rifle oxygen flow: 130Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage side rifle oxygen total flux: 110Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage side rifle rare gas element total flux: 30Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage oxygen and rare gas element ratio: (130+110) Nm
3/ min:30Nm
3/ min=8:1.
Embodiment 2:(upper limit parameter is implemented)
The molten bath begins carbon content: 3.47%;
Top-bottom blowing endpoint carbon content: 0.58%;
Top-bottom blowing stage top rifle oxygen flow: 130Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage side rifle oxygen total flux: 100Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage side rifle rare gas element total flux: 20Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage oxygen and rare gas element ratio: (130+100) Nm
3/ min:20Nm
3/ min=12:1.
The limit parameter is implemented among the embodiment 3:()
The molten bath begins carbon content: 2.94%;
Top-bottom blowing endpoint carbon content: 0.51%;
Top-bottom blowing stage top rifle oxygen flow: 110Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage side rifle oxygen total flux: 90Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage side rifle rare gas element total flux: 20Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage oxygen and rare gas element ratio: (110+90) Nm
3/ min:20Nm
3/ min=10.5:1.
Embodiment 4:(lower limit parameter is implemented)
The molten bath begins carbon content: 2.51%;
Top-bottom blowing endpoint carbon content: 0.43%;
Top-bottom blowing stage top rifle oxygen flow: 130Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage side rifle oxygen total flux: 110Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage side rifle rare gas element total flux: 30Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage oxygen and rare gas element ratio: (130+110) Nm
3/ min:30Nm
3/ min=8:1.
Embodiment 5:(lower limit parameter is implemented)
The molten bath begins carbon content: 2.53%;
Top-bottom blowing endpoint carbon content: 0.40%;
Top-bottom blowing stage top rifle oxygen flow: 130Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage side rifle oxygen total flux: 110Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage side rifle rare gas element total flux: 30Nm
3/ min;
Top-bottom blowing stage oxygen and rare gas element ratio: (130+110) Nm
3/ min:30Nm
3/ min=8:1.
Implementation result is as shown in table 7:
Table 7 AOD stove smelting stainless steel high-carbon regions air supply method implementation result
| Chromium recovery rate % | Nickel recovery rate % | Argon gas consumes Nm 3/ t steel | Reduction silicon consumes the kg/t steel | Top-bottom blowing time min | Smelting cycle min | |
| Embodiment 1 | 97.81 | -- | 15.8 | 10.30 | 16.3 | 70 |
| Embodiment 2 | 97.72 | 98.71 | 12.3 | 11.54 | 21.7 | 72 |
| Embodiment 3 | 97.60 | -- | 15.0 | 10.85 | 18.6 | 71 |
As can be seen from the table, use the inventive method after: 1) AOD stove smelting cycle shortens greatly, its smelting cycle basic controlling about 70 minutes, than under the equal conditions, do not adopt method of the present invention to shorten the time more than 20 minutes; 2) chromium element amount of oxidation decreases in the molten steel, be embodied on the chromium recovery rate on the one hand, the chromium recovery rate about 96.5% of about 97.5%, the full molten iron stainless steel smelting method of chromium recovery rate of tradition stainless steel smelting method, chromium recovery rate of the present invention is then all greater than 97.5%, being embodied in reduction silicon on the other hand consumes, the reduction silicon consumption of other stainless steel smelting method is all greater than 12.5kg/t, and after employing the inventive method, the consumption of reduction silicon has been reduced to below the 12.0kg/t, and reducing significantly of reductive agent consumption shows that the chromium amount of oxidation range of decrease in the molten steel is bigger.
Claims (5)
1.AOD stove smelting stainless steel high-carbon regions air supply method, when electric furnace, AOD stove and VOD vacuum unit three-step approach smelting stainless steel, AOD stove are main raw material so that furnace melting is mother liquid obtained, AOD stove high-carbon regions from the beginning oxygen supply to the decarburization stage, promptly begin molten bath carbon content 2.5%～3.5% o'clock introducing top oxygen gun, using top rifle and side-blown air pressure gun simultaneously is that the compound mode of blowing in side top is carried out stainless steel smelting; The molten bath carbon content reaches the 0.40%-0.60% top-bottom blowing and stops; Oxygen and the rare gas element ratio of supplying with the molten bath are 8:1～12:1, and wherein, top rifle oxygen flow is 110Nm
3/ min～130Nm
3/ min, side rifle oxygen flow are 90Nm
3/ min～110Nm
3/ min, side rifle inert gas flow 20Nm
3/ min～30Nm
3/ min, the oxygen and rare gas element ratio=(top rifle oxygen flow+side rifle oxygen flow) the ÷ side rifle inert gas flow in supply molten bath.
2. AOD stove smelting stainless steel high-carbon regions air supply method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described side rifle rare gas element is selected a kind of according to steel grade between nitrogen and argon gas.
3. AOD stove smelting stainless steel high-carbon regions air supply method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that it is 1490 ℃～1530 ℃ that AOD begins temperature.
4. AOD stove smelting stainless steel high-carbon regions air supply method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described AOD furnace roof rifle adopts single hole oxygen rifle.
5. as claim 1 or 4 described AOD stove smelting stainless steel high-carbon regions air supply methods, it is characterized in that described AOD furnace roof rifle outlet Mach number is designed to 2.1～2.2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100339208A CN101519709B (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2008-02-26 | Gas supply method in high-carbon regions during smelting stainless steel by AOD furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100339208A CN101519709B (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2008-02-26 | Gas supply method in high-carbon regions during smelting stainless steel by AOD furnace |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101519709A true CN101519709A (en) | 2009-09-02 |
| CN101519709B CN101519709B (en) | 2011-01-19 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102899455A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2013-01-30 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Argon-oxygen furnace and operation method thereof |
| CN106834608A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2017-06-13 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | A kind of AOD furnace CO2The method for substituting part argon gas smelting stainless steel |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100363417B1 (en) * | 1998-12-09 | 2003-01-24 | 주식회사 포스코 | Decarburization of Low Carbon Stainless Steel |
| DE102005032929A1 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2006-05-18 | Sms Demag Ag | Production of stainless steel of the ferritic steel group AISI 4xx in an AOD converter |
| CN100540705C (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2009-09-16 | 宝钢集团上海第一钢铁有限公司 | The method of smelting ferritic stainless steel from total molten iron |
| CN100507022C (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2009-07-01 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for AOD whole melted iron directly smelting austenitic stainless steel |
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2008
- 2008-02-26 CN CN2008100339208A patent/CN101519709B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102899455A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2013-01-30 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Argon-oxygen furnace and operation method thereof |
| CN106834608A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2017-06-13 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | A kind of AOD furnace CO2The method for substituting part argon gas smelting stainless steel |
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