CN101517803A - Electrochemical energy source and electronic device suitable for bioimplantation - Google Patents
Electrochemical energy source and electronic device suitable for bioimplantation Download PDFInfo
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- CN101517803A CN101517803A CNA2007800350906A CN200780035090A CN101517803A CN 101517803 A CN101517803 A CN 101517803A CN A2007800350906 A CNA2007800350906 A CN A2007800350906A CN 200780035090 A CN200780035090 A CN 200780035090A CN 101517803 A CN101517803 A CN 101517803A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to an electrochemical energy source comprising a rechargeable battery and a biofuel cell, suitable for bioimplantation. The invention also relates to an electronic device suitable for bioimplantation, said device comprising at least one electrochemical energy source according to invention, and at least one electronic component electrically connected to said electrochemical energy source according to the invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be suitable for the biological electrochemical energy source of implanting.The invention still further relates to and be suitable for the biological electronic installation of implanting, described device comprises that at least one is according to electrochemical energy source of the present invention and at least one electronic building brick of being electrically connected to described electrochemical energy source.
Background technology
At twentieth century, energy consumption sharply increases and has a unbalanced energy management.And the sign (especially developing in the country) that this demand growth does not relax is recognized the of short duration irreversible infringement that reaches environment of non-renewable resources now.In addition, calculating and communicator have towards the trend of microminiaturized and portable development.These energy requirement application needs are especially at the little and light power supply that can keep operation such as the space and the remote like this place of exploring for a long time.Moreover the progress of medical science has produced the device (for example, pacemaker) of increasing implantable electricity operation.These projects need must be finished by operation because safeguard at the power supply of utmost point long duration work.Ideally, implantable device will utilize the natural fuel material of finding in the body, thereby as long as the human or animal lives, will continue to draw power.Biological fuel cell is responsible for providing the solution that partly overcomes these problems potentially.By biological fuel cell is implanted in the human or animal body alive, biological fuel cell will draw the bio-fuel that obtains easily from renewable origin easily, such as drawing glucose from blood flow, and converts them to non-hazardous byproduct, and produces electric power.Because biological fuel cell uses the regenerative resource of concentrating of chemical energy, biological fuel cell has high relatively energy density and relative long life-span usually, consequently biological fuel cell can be done relatively for a short time and be light, therefore is suitable for ideally being implanted in the human or animal body alive.Although known implantable biological fuel cell has some remarkable advantages, the application of this known biofuel cell also has some shortcomings.The major defect of known microminiaturized biological fuel cell is that it can not transport (peak value) power that is used for to the electronic installation power supply station need that are coupled to this biological fuel cell usually.Because the microwatt that is generally of known biofuel cell is exported to the relatively little power of milliwatt magnitude, so the number of current application is limited.
The implantable electrochemical energy source that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of improvement is with its power that can be improved output.
Summary of the invention
This purpose can realize that this electrochemical energy source comprises: substrate by electrochemical energy source according to the present invention is provided; Be deposited at least one battery stack (batterystack) on the described substrate, this battery stack comprises: first battery electrode, second battery electrode, and the intermediate solid-state electrolyte of separating this first battery electrode and this second battery electrode; And be deposited at least one biological fuel cell on the described substrate, this biological fuel cell comprises: biological fuel cell anode, biofuel battery cathode, and described biological fuel cell anode and described biofuel battery cathode are separated by the bio-fuel/electrolytical bio-fuel/electrolyte chamber that is used to receive outside supply.This electrochemical energy source can be regarded as microminiaturized biological implantable hybrid energy sources, wherein uses this biological fuel cell, and chemical energy is converted into electric energy, and this electric energy is stored in the rechargeable battery lamination that can transport required peak power then.The two integrally deposits to this battery stack and this biological fuel cell on the identical support substrates, consequently, optimizes easily usually according to the design of integrated electrochemical energy source of the present invention.Because the power density of all-solid-state battery lamination is high relatively, relatively little battery stack has been suitable for satisfying power requirement usually.Because battery stack comprises solid electrolyte, therefore can eliminate electrolytical leakage (under the situation of liquid electrolyte, taking place usually).Moreover by use solid electrolyte in battery stack, the deterioration of battery stack can be cancelled, because this deterioration generally will be the result of the parasitic reaction between reactant and the liquid electrolyte.Bio-fuel/the electrolyte chamber of biological fuel cell is used for the circulation of body fluid, and consequently bio-fuel/electrolytical content is with cyclic regeneration (renewal).Therefore, for this biological fuel cell, bio-fuel and electrolyte have inexhaustible substantially storage, to allow to realize the continuous generation of electric energy, therefore allow the persistent storage of electric energy to battery stack.The energy that is used for this biological fuel cell can be by supplying with as the glucose of bio-fuel with as the oxygen of oxidant, and these compounds all are abundant in body fluid.Electrolyte will form by other parts (such as blood plasma) of body fluid.Yet, should be noted that biological fuel cell can be at such as alcohol or even various (other) available fuel work such as waste materials.Moreover the application of biological fuel cell can cause the elimination of proton exchange membrane (PEM), because because specific (biology) Application of Catalyst of using, this biological fuel cell anode does not need to separate with this biofuel battery cathode.Alternatively, the solid electrolyte of separation, for example PEM can be deposited between this biological fuel cell anode and this biofuel battery cathode, enters into bio-fuel/electrolyte chamber.Yet the expectation active material will be by (low-resistance relatively) body fluid rather than by (usually relative high impedance) electrolyte transport.Therefore, preferably, use liquid electrolyte, and more preferably, use body fluid.For example can be used for such as the such biological implantable microdevice of MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (MEMS) and such as the implantable bio-medical instrument power supply such as stimulator, microcosmic radio communication device of releiving of cardiac pacemaker, transducer, defibrillator, pain according to electrochemical energy source of the present invention.
This first battery electrode preferably includes galvanic anode, and this second battery electrode preferably includes cell cathode.Usually, galvanic anode and cell cathode are depositing in the process of substrate deposition lamination.Preferably, at least one battery electrode of energy source is used for storing down surface element active material one of at least according to the present invention: hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) or be assigned to other suitable element of the 1st family and the 2nd family of the periodic table of elements.So, can be based on various insertion mechanisms and therefore be suitable for forming different types of battery according to the electrochemical energy source of energy system of the present invention, for example, lithium ion battery, NiMH battery etc.In a preferred embodiment, at least one battery electrode, galvanic anode more preferably one of comprises in the material beneath at least: C, Sn, Ge, Pb, Zn, Bi, Sb, Li and the preferred Si that mixes.The combination of these materials can also be used to form (a plurality of) battery electrode.Preferably, n type or p type doping Si, perhaps the relevant compound of the doping Si as SiGe or SiGeC is used as battery electrode.And if the material of battery electrode is used to the insertion and the storage of above-mentioned reactive material, the material that other are suitable preferably, is assigned to any other suitable element of one of the periodic table of elements the 12nd to 16 family, also can be used as galvanic anode.Previous materials is particularly suited for using in lithium ion battery.Under the situation of using hydrogen base energy source, galvanic anode preferably includes hydride and forms material, such as AB
5Section bar material, especially LaNi
5, and such as magnesium base alloy, Mg especially
xTi
1-x
The cell cathode that is used for lithium ion based energy source preferably includes at least a metal-oxide based material, for example, and LiCoO
2, LiNiO
2, LiMnO
2Or the combination of these materials, for example Li (NiCoMn) O
2Under the situation of hydrogen base energy source, cell cathode preferably includes Ni (OH)
2And/or NiM (OH)
2, wherein, M is formed by one or more elements that are selected from for example Cd, Co or Bi.
In preferred embodiment, comprise one of at least at least a catalyst, preferably at least a biocatalyst in biological fuel cell anode and the biofuel battery cathode according to electrochemical energy source of the present invention.Generally will need catalyst to allow in the fuel cell or the specific () chemical reaction on the fuel cell, to produce electric energy.The catalyst that uses can be a non-biological compound, for example, and platinum, ruthenium, rhodium or other suitable materials arbitrarily.Yet those skilled in the art it will also be appreciated that the application choice biocatalyst is to allow required chemical reaction.Generally speaking, the biological fuel cell based on biocatalyst is divided into two different classifications; Utilize the chemical paths of living cells (microbiological fuel cell), and adopt the enzyme of isolating.Microbiological fuel cell can be at chemical energy to realizing high efficiency aspect the conversion of electric energy; Yet the problem relevant with this method comprises that whole organic low mensuration volume of catalyst is active and because fuel is crossed over the low power density that the slow quality transmission of cell membrane causes.For fuel cell, because its high catalytic activity and selectivity, the enzyme of isolation is attractive catalyst.By using the active theoretical current that can produce as the enzyme catalyst of 103U mg-1 is 1.6 amperes, and catalytic rate is greater than platinum.In especially preferred embodiment, at least one comprises the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of deposition at least a selectivity (biology) catalyst on it in biological fuel cell anode and the biofuel battery cathode.The surface that self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is made up of the monomolecular on the substrate.Needn't use such as chemical vapour deposition (CVD) or the such technology of molecular beam epitaxy molecule is added on the surface (having bad control on the thickness of molecular layer usually), SAM can prepare relatively simply and fastly by adding the solution of desired molecule at substrate surface and cleaning fifth wheel.Except the simple relatively of SAM with fast the depositing operation, the application of SAM causes according to the minimizing of institute's materials used in the electrochemical energy source of the present invention, and this will help the size of the compactness of energy source.And SAM generally is suitable for sustainable mode bonding (grappling) (biology) catalyst ideally to substrate.
Preferably, this biological fuel cell anode and this biofuel battery cathode include the biological fuel cell current collector.Also preferably, this first battery electrode and this second battery electrode include battery current collector.By this current collector, this biological fuel cell and this battery stack generally interconnect.Usually, the current collector of biological fuel cell and battery stack will interconnect via one or more electronic building bricks respectively, and these one or more electronic building bricks can be controlled the transmission of the electric energy from this biological fuel cell to this battery stack.Preferably, this at least one current collector is preferably formed by at least a following material: Al, Ni, Pt, Au, Ag, Cu, Ta, Ti, TaN and TiN.The current collector of other types also can be applied as current collector such as the semi-conducting material of the so preferred doping of Si, GaAs, InP.Be deposited on the galvanic anode of this battery stack and the battery current collector that the electron-conductive barrier layer between the substrate can be used as this galvanic anode.
In a preferred embodiment, this battery stack and this biological fuel cell are deposited on the not homonymy of substrate, so that this battery stack and this biological fuel cell are by this substrate physical separation.The deposition processes that this battery stack and this biological fuel cell one of can be beneficial in this battery stack and this biological fuel cell at least in the deposition of (perhaps separated from one another in same side) on the not homonymy of substrate.In alternative preferred embodiment, this biological fuel cell and this battery stack can pile up each other continuously, and wherein biological fuel cell is stacked on battery stack top or opposite.According to this embodiment, the application that is deposited on the electric insulation separating layer between biological fuel cell and the battery stack generally needs, to prevent two short circuits between the power supply.More preferably, also use this separating layer chemically to separate this two power supplys.
As previously mentioned, this battery stack by diffusion impervious layer from this substrate separation.In order to prevent the short circuit of biological fuel cell, substrate preferably disposes at least one electric insulation layer of separate substrate and biological fuel cell.This electricity isolated layer is more preferably formed by hafnium oxide, silica and/or zirconia preferably by oxide.
This electrochemical energy source preferably includes the protection packaging that covers this battery stack and/or biological fuel cell at least in part.This protection packaging is mainly used in this battery stack of protection and/or biological fuel cell.If battery stack is shielded by this protection packaging; described encapsulation will preferably be further used for saving from damage the active material in this lamination and/or be used to prevent and enter lamination around what encapsulate such as oxygen and the such atmosphere compound of nitrogen; protecting this lamination, thereby guarantee long-term behaviour according to electrochemical energy source of the present invention.In this linguistic context, broadly, the atmosphere of statement must be considered, and can be understood as the local atmosphere in the earth (gas) atmosphere and (work) body.In especially preferred embodiment, the protected substantially encapsulation of biological fuel cell covers, and wherein this protection packaging is disposed and is used for bio-fuel/electrolytical at least one inlet and at least one outlet.Adopt in such a way, biological fuel cell, especially biological fuel cell anode and biofuel battery cathode can be protected to prevent that it is subjected to the biological fuel cell influence of atmosphere on every side.Preferably, at least a portion of protection packaging is formed to prevent the short circuit via the electrochemical energy source of this protection packaging by electrical insulating material.
Preferably, this electrochemical energy source comprises at least one barrier layer that is deposited between substrate and the battery stack, and this barrier layer is used for stoping at least basically the diffusion of the active material of battery stack to described substrate.This barrier layer is preferably formed by electrically conductive material.This barrier layer is preferably at least substantially by forming one of at least in the following compound: tantalum, tantalum nitride, titanium and titanium nitride.Yet the material on this barrier layer is not limited to these compounds.These compounds have such denominator: it has for the insertion material of for example lithium (ion) is impermeable than compact texture.
In a preferred embodiment, (a plurality of) substrate is formed by at least a following material: C, Si, Sn, Ti, Ge, Al, Cu, Ta and Pb.The combination of these materials also can be used to form (a plurality of) substrate.Preferably, n type or p type doping Si or Ge, perhaps relevant the and/or Ge related compound of the Si that mixes as SiGe or SiGeC is used as substrate.Deposited on it substrate surface of lamination can substantially flat to obtain basic flat stack, perhaps can be by graphical (providing groove, hole and/or pillar) to obtain 3 D tropism battery stack and/or biological fuel cell by bent substrate and/or for substrate.The advantage of applying three-dimensional oriented stack be between two battery electrodes of battery stack and the solid electrolyte and/or bio-fuel/electrolyte of comprising of the bio-fuel/electrolyte chamber of fuel cell electrode and fuel cell between the contact surface of unit volume increase.Usually, the rated capacity that this increase of (a plurality of) contact surface according to the present invention between the assembly of energy source causes this energy source to improve, and better battery performance (because the optimum utilization in the contact surface zone of the layer of energy source) therefore is provided.Like this, the power density in this energy source and energy density (trace/cm
2) can maximize and so optimization.Preferably, at least one patterned surface of this substrate disposes a plurality of cavitys, and wherein at least a portion of at least a portion of battery stack and/or biological fuel cell is deposited in the described cavity.The character of figure, shape and yardstick can be arbitrarily, but preferably regular, more preferably, by forming with pillar, groove, slit or the hole that relative accurate way is used.Like this, strengthening the property of this electrochemical energy source can also be with relative accurate way anticipation.
The invention still further relates to the implantable electronic installation of a kind of biology, at least one electronic building brick that this device disposes at least one electrochemical energy source of the present invention and is connected to described electrochemical energy source.Microminiaturized electronic installation for example can be formed by releive stimulator and microcosmic communicator of MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (MEMS), cardiac pacemaker, transducer, defibrillator, pain.Should be understood that, this enumerate should not be regarded as restricted.This at least one electronic building brick preferably is embedded in the substrate of this electrochemical energy source at least in part.Adopt in such a way, can realize system in package (SiP).In SiP,, be embedded at least in part in the substrate according to electrochemical energy source of the present invention such as one or more electronic building bricks and/or devices such as integrated circuit (IC), actuator, transducer, receiver, reflectors.This at least one electronic building brick preferably is selected from by sensing device, the pain group that stimulator, (wireless) communicator and actuating device form of releiving.Can also add one or more capacitors when needed to increase power output.
Description of drawings
The present invention sets forth by following non-limiting example, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 shows the schematic sectional view of first embodiment of electrochemical energy source according to the present invention,
Fig. 2 shows the schematic sectional view of second embodiment of electrochemical energy source according to the present invention,
Fig. 3 shows the perspective view of the 3rd embodiment of electrochemical energy source according to the present invention,
Fig. 4 shows the perspective view of the 4th embodiment of electrochemical energy source according to the present invention, and
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of the 5th embodiment of electrochemical energy source according to the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the schematic sectional view according to first embodiment of the biological implantable electrochemical energy source 1 of monolithic of the present invention.This microminiaturization energy source 1 comprises the lithium ion battery lamination 2 of galvanic anode 3, solid electrolyte 4 and cell cathode 5, and this battery stack 2 deposits on the conductive substrates 6 that has embedded one or more electronic building bricks 7.In this example, substrate 6 is formed by doped silicon, and galvanic anode 3 is formed by amorphous silicon (a-Si).Negative electrode 5 is by LiCoO
2Form, and solid electrolyte is formed by LiPON.Between battery stack 2 and substrate 6, lithium barrier layer 8 deposits on the substrate 6.In this example, lithium diffusion impervious layer 8 is formed by tantalum.Conductive tantalum layer 8 is diffused in the substrate 6 because this layer prevents the lithium ion (or other active materials) that battery stack 2 comprises at first as chemical barrier.If lithium ion leaves battery stack 2 and enters substrate 6, the performance of lamination 2 is with influenced.And this diffusion will have a strong impact on (a plurality of) electronic building brick 7 that is embedded in the substrate 6.In this example, lithium diffusion impervious layer 8 also is used as the battery current collector of galvanic anode 3 in electrochemical energy source 1.Energy source 1 also comprises by the top that is deposited on battery stack 2 and especially is deposited on the balancing cell current collector 9 that the aluminium on cell cathode 5 tops forms.Implantable energy source 1 also comprises the fuel cell 10 that deposits on the substrate 6.This fuel cell 10 comprises anode of fuel cell 11 that disposes anode catalyst layer 12 and the fuel battery negative pole 13 that disposes cathode catalysis layer 14, and wherein the space between anode of fuel cell 11 and the fuel battery negative pole 13 forms fuel cell/electrolyte chamber 15.This fuel cell/electrolyte chamber 15 is used to receive the body fluid 16 such as blood. Catalytic Layer 12,14 is used for specific reactants is converted to specific product, and thus chemical energy is converted to electric energy.In described embodiment, fuel cell 10 is represented oxygen glucose (oxyglucose) cell, and it will depend on following electrochemical process, wherein at work, according to following equation, oxidized and molecule oxygen is reduced at fuel battery negative pole 13 glucose at anode of fuel cell 11:
C
6H
12O
6+ 6H
2O → 6CO
2+ 24H
++ 24e
-(anode)
6O
2+ 12H
2O+24e
-→ 24OH
-(negative electrode)
Fig. 2 shows the schematic sectional view according to second embodiment of electrochemical energy source 18 of the present invention.Electrochemical energy source 18 shown in Fig. 2 is similar to the electrochemical source 1 according to Fig. 1 substantially.Implantable energy source 18 comprises the thin-film battery stack 19 of galvanic anode 20, solid electrolyte 21 and cell cathode 22, and this battery stack 19 is deposited on the conductive substrates 23 that has embedded one or more electronic building bricks 24.Between battery stack 19 and substrate 23, the barrier layer 25 that is used for active material deposits to substrate 6.In this example, diffusion impervious layer 25 also is used as the battery current collector of the galvanic anode 20 in the electrochemical energy source 18.Additional battery current collector 26 is deposited on the top of battery stack 19, and the top of cell cathode 22 especially.This implantable energy source 18 comprises that also deposition and true reactor are stacked in the fuel cell 27 on battery stack 23 tops.This fuel cell 27 and battery stack 23 are separated from each other by separating layer 28.Fuel cell 27 comprises anode of fuel cell 29 that disposes anode catalyst layer 30 and the fuel battery negative pole 31 that disposes cathode catalysis layer 32, and wherein the space between anode of fuel cell 29 and the fuel battery negative pole 31 is formed for receiving the fuel cell/electrolyte chamber 33 of body fluid 34.
Fig. 3 shows the perspective view according to the 3rd embodiment of electrochemical energy source 35 of the present invention.The electrochemical energy source 1,18 that illustrates respectively with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 contrasts, electrochemical energy source 35 shown in Fig. 3 comprises the patterned substrate 36 of a side, wherein battery stack 37 is deposited on the patterned side 36a of substrate 36, and wherein fuel cell 38 is deposited on the basic planar side 36b of substrate 36.Battery stack 37 and substrate 36 are separated from each other by the barrier layer 39 that is used for active material.In this example, barrier layer 39 is also as anode current collector.Battery stack 37 comprises anode 40, solid electrolyte 41 and negative electrode 42.Negative electrode 42 is connected to cathode collector 43.The patterned side 36a of substrate 36 comprises a plurality of slits 44 that wherein deposited battery stack 37, increasing the contact-making surface of (with interior) between the described layer 40,41,42, and therefore strengthens the performance of battery stack 37.Fuel cell 38 comprises catalytic activity anode of fuel cell 45 and is arranged in the catalytic activity fuel battery negative pole 46 of anode of fuel cell 45 certain distances.Space between anode of fuel cell 45 and the fuel battery negative pole 46 is with acting on the reception cavity that receives the body fluid (not shown), and this body fluid is also used as bio-fuel and catalyst.Using the advantage of implantable hybrid electrochemical energy source sets forth in comprehensive mode in the above.
Fig. 4 shows the perspective view of the 4th embodiment of the implantable electrochemical energy source 47 of biology according to the present invention.Energy source 47 comprises the patterned substrate 48 of bilateral.The first patterned side 48a of substrate 48 is used to intercept the barrier layer 49 and battery stack 50 (schematically showing) covering of active material in succession.The second graphical side 48b of substrate 48 is covered by electric insulation layer 51 and fuel cell 52 in succession.Battery stack 50 and fuel cell 52 preferably are configured to be similar to the battery stack 2 and fuel cell 10 shown in Fig. 1 respectively.Deposit to battery stack 50 and the fuel cell 52 of patterned side 48a, the 48b of substrate by application, the two performance of battery stack 50 and fuel cell 52 can significantly be improved.
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram according to the 5th embodiment of electrochemical energy source 53 of the present invention.Electrochemical energy source 53 is suitable for biological the implantation, and comprises that substrate 54, this substrate top used electronic building brick 55 to form electronic installation.This structure is also referred to as system in package (SiP).Electronic installation 55 is by electrochemical energy source 53 power supplies, and this electrochemical energy source 53 also comprises microbattery stack 56 and is connected to the fuel cell 57 of microbattery stack 56 indirectly.The two all is deposited on microbattery stack 56 and fuel cell 57 on the substrate 54, and protected encapsulation 58 shieldings.Protection packaging 58 is preferably formed by at least a insulating material, and can comprise piling up of alternating layer, and each layer in the described alternating layer formed by at least a material that is selected from following material group: metal, polymer and silica compound.The example of the alternating layer that can use in the lamination of protection packaging 58 is the configuration of so-called NONON layer, and it is by the silicon nitride of successive sedimentation (N) and silica (O) layer are formed each other in an alternating manner.This piles up usually also will comprise metal level, and this metal level substantially all is impermeable for the atmosphere compound and for the migratory activity material that microbattery stack 56 comprises usually.This protection packaging 58 is disposed inlet 59 and outlet 60 and is added fuel to allow body fluid-be also used as bio-fuel and catalyst-Continuous Flow to cross fuel cell 57 to be used to described fuel cell 57.
Should be appreciated that the foregoing description is to explain and unrestricted the present invention, and under the situation of the scope that does not deviate from claims, those skilled in the art can design many alternatives.In the claims, place any reference symbol of bracket should not be understood that to have limited claim.Verb " comprises " and those elements that claim do not state or the existence of step are not got rid of in the use of being out of shape.The existence that article ' ' before the element or " one " do not get rid of a plurality of this elements.The pure fact of some measure of statement does not represent that the combination of these measures can not advantageously be used in mutually different dependent claims.
Claims (25)
1. be suitable for the biological electrochemical energy source of implanting, comprise:
Substrate; With
Be deposited at least one battery stack on the described substrate, this battery stack comprises:
First battery electrode,
Second battery electrode, and
The intermediate solid-state electrolyte of separating this first battery electrode and this second battery electrode; And
Be deposited at least one biological fuel cell on the described substrate, this biological fuel cell comprises:
Biological fuel cell anode,
Biofuel battery cathode, and
Described biological fuel cell anode and described biofuel battery cathode are separated by being used to receive outside bio-fuel/electrolytical bio-fuel/electrolyte chamber of supplying.
2. electrochemical energy source according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this first battery electrode comprises galvanic anode, and/or this second battery electrode comprises cell cathode.
3. electrochemical energy source according to claim 2 is characterized in that, this galvanic anode and this cell cathode are used to store the active material of at least a following element: H, Li, Be, Mg, Cu, Ag, Na and K.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described electrochemical energy sources, it is characterized in that at least one is formed by at least a following material in this galvanic anode and this cell cathode: C, Sn, Ge, Pb, Zn, Bi, Li, Sb and the preferred Si that mixes.
5. according to each described electrochemical energy source in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, comprise one of at least at least a catalyst, preferably at least a biocatalyst in this biological fuel cell anode and this biofuel battery cathode.
6. electrochemical energy source according to claim 7 is characterized in that, at least one comprises the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) that has deposited at least a catalyst on it in this biological fuel cell anode and this biofuel battery cathode.
7. according to each described electrochemical energy source in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that this biological fuel cell anode and this biofuel battery cathode include the biological fuel cell current collector.
8. according to each described electrochemical energy source in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that this first battery electrode and this second battery electrode include battery current collector.
9. according to claim 7 or 8 described electrochemical energy sources, it is characterized in that this at least one current collector is formed by at least a following material: Al, Ni, Pt, Au, Ag, Cu, Ta, Ti, TaN and TiN.
10. according to each described electrochemical energy source in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that this battery stack and this biological fuel cell are deposited on the not homonymy of this substrate.
11., it is characterized in that this biological fuel cell and this battery stack pile up each other continuously according to each described electrochemical energy source in the aforementioned claim.
12., it is characterized in that described substrate arrangement has at least one electric insulation layer that separates this substrate and this biological fuel cell according to each described electrochemical energy source in the aforementioned claim.
13., it is characterized in that this electrochemical energy source comprises the protection packaging that covers this battery stack and/or this biological fuel cell to small part according to each described electrochemical energy source in the aforementioned claim.
14. electrochemical energy source according to claim 13 is characterized in that, this biological fuel cell is covered by this protection packaging substantially, and wherein this protection packaging is disposed and is used for this bio-fuel/electrolytical at least one inlet and at least one outlet.
15., it is characterized in that at least a portion of this protection packaging is formed by electrical insulating material according to claim 13 or 14 described electrochemical energy sources.
16. according to each described electrochemical energy source in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, this electrochemical energy source also comprises at least one electron-conductive barrier layer that is arranged between this substrate and this battery stack, and this barrier layer is used for stoping at least substantially the active material of this battery stack to be diffused in the described substrate.
17., it is characterized in that this at least one barrier layer is formed by at least a following material: Ta, TaN, Ti and TiN according to each described electrochemical energy source in the aforementioned claim.
18., it is characterized in that this substrate is formed by at least a material that is selected from following group at least in part: C, Si, Sn, Ti, Ge, Al, Cu, Ta and Pb according to each described electrochemical energy source in the aforementioned claim.
19. according to each described electrochemical energy source in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that this substrate arrangement has at least one patterned surface, this battery stack and/or this biological fuel cell deposit on this patterned surface.
20. electrochemical energy source according to claim 19, it is characterized in that, at least one patterned surface of this of this substrate disposes a plurality of cavitys, and wherein at least a portion of at least a portion of this battery stack and/or this biological fuel cell is deposited in the described cavity.
21., it is characterized in that at least a portion of this cavity forms pillar, groove, slit or hole according to the described electrochemical energy source of claim.
22. be used for the biological electronic installation of implanting, comprise according to a described electrochemical energy source in the claim 1 to 21 and at least one electronic building brick of being connected to described electrochemical energy source.
23. electronic installation according to claim 22 is characterized in that, this at least one electronic building brick is embedded in the substrate of this electrochemical energy source at least in part.
24., it is characterized in that this at least one electronic building brick is selected from by checkout gear, the pain group that stimulating apparatus, communicator and actuating device form of releiving according to claim 22 or 23 described electronic installations.
25., it is characterized in that this electronic installation and this electrochemical energy source form system in package (SiP) according to described electronic installation in the claim 22 to 24.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06120967 | 2006-09-20 | ||
| EP06120967.2 | 2006-09-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101517803A true CN101517803A (en) | 2009-08-26 |
Family
ID=39075937
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007800350906A Pending CN101517803A (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2007-09-14 | Electrochemical energy source and electronic device suitable for bioimplantation |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2067205A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2010504609A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101517803A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2009114713A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008035258A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105406055A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-16 | 李朝 | Capacitive type nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material lithium ion battery |
| CN105406108A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-16 | 李朝 | Capacitive type lithium iron phosphate lithium ion battery |
| CN107925132A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2018-04-17 | 英特尔公司 | Intelligent battery with integrated sensing and electronic device |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5827565B2 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2015-12-02 | サクティスリー, インク.Sakti3, Inc. | Method for manufacturing and structuring multiple electrochemical cells and energy collecting elements in an integrated structure |
| US20120019214A1 (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-01-26 | Hussain Muhammad M | Self-Powered Functional Device Using On-Chip Power Generation |
| WO2020102580A1 (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-22 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Implantable, biofuel cells for self-charging medical devices |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7368190B2 (en) | 2002-05-02 | 2008-05-06 | Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. | Miniature biological fuel cell that is operational under physiological conditions, and associated devices and methods |
| FI118553B (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2007-12-14 | Enfucell Oy | Apparatus and method for producing electric power and power source |
-
2007
- 2007-09-14 JP JP2009528821A patent/JP2010504609A/en active Pending
- 2007-09-14 CN CNA2007800350906A patent/CN101517803A/en active Pending
- 2007-09-14 EP EP07826379A patent/EP2067205A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-09-14 WO PCT/IB2007/053710 patent/WO2008035258A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-09-14 RU RU2009114713/07A patent/RU2009114713A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107925132A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2018-04-17 | 英特尔公司 | Intelligent battery with integrated sensing and electronic device |
| CN107925132B (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2022-07-01 | 英特尔公司 | Smart battery with integrated sensing and electronics |
| CN105406055A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-16 | 李朝 | Capacitive type nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material lithium ion battery |
| CN105406108A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-16 | 李朝 | Capacitive type lithium iron phosphate lithium ion battery |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2009114713A (en) | 2010-10-27 |
| WO2008035258A3 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
| JP2010504609A (en) | 2010-02-12 |
| WO2008035258A2 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
| EP2067205A2 (en) | 2009-06-10 |
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Open date: 20090826 |