CN101516196B - 包含邻氨基苯甲酰胺杀虫剂和杀真菌剂的农药混合物 - Google Patents
包含邻氨基苯甲酰胺杀虫剂和杀真菌剂的农药混合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101516196B CN101516196B CN2007800341841A CN200780034184A CN101516196B CN 101516196 B CN101516196 B CN 101516196B CN 2007800341841 A CN2007800341841 A CN 2007800341841A CN 200780034184 A CN200780034184 A CN 200780034184A CN 101516196 B CN101516196 B CN 101516196B
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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Abstract
本发明涉及农药混合物,其以协同增效有效量包含作为活性组分的1)其中变量根据说明书所定义的式I邻氨基苯甲酰胺化合物,和2)选自下组的至少一种杀真菌化合物II:嗜球果伞素、羧酰胺、杂环化合物和根据本说明书的其它活性化合物;防治害虫和有害真菌的方法,保护植物免受昆虫、螨虫或线虫侵袭或侵染的方法;处理、防治、预防或保护动物使其免受寄生虫侵袭或侵染的方法;含有这些混合物的组合物及其制备方法。
Description
本发明涉及以协同增效有效量包含如下物质作为活性组分的农药混合物:
1)式I的邻氨基苯甲酰胺(anthranilamide)化合物:
其中取代基如下所定义:
B1为氢、氰基或氯;
B2为溴或CF3;和
R为氢或C1-C6烷基;和
2)至少一种选自下列组的杀真菌化合物II:
A)选自下列的嗜球果伞素(strobilurins):(2-氯-5-[1-(3-甲基苄氧亚氨基)乙基]苄基)氨基甲酸甲酯、(2-氯-5-[1-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基甲氧亚氨基)乙基]苄基)氨基甲酸甲酯和2-(邻-(2,5-二甲基苯氧基亚甲基)苯基)-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯;
B)选自下列的羧酰胺:呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)、N-(4’-溴联苯-2-基)-4-二氟甲基-2-甲基噻唑-5-甲酰胺、N-(4’-三氟甲基联苯-2-基)-4-二氟甲基-2-甲基噻唑-5-甲酰胺、N-(4’-氯-3’-氟联苯-2-基)-4-二氟甲基-2-甲基噻唑-5-甲酰胺、N-(3’,4’-二氯-4-氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(3’,4’-二氯-5-氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基吡唑-4-甲酰胺;3,4-二氯-N-(2-氰基苯基)异噻唑-5-甲酰胺;N-(2′,4′-二氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,4′-二氯联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,4′-二氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲 基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,4′-二氯联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,5′-二氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,5′-二氯联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,5′-二氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,5′-二氯联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′,5′-二氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′,5′-二氯联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(3′,5′-二氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′,5′-二氯联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′-氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(3′-氯联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′-氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(3′-氯联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′-氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′-氯联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′-氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′-氯联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′-氟-4′-氯-5′-甲基联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-二氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-二氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-3-氯氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-[2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙氧基)苯基]-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-[2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙氧基)苯基]-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-[2-(2-氯-1,1,2-三氟乙氧基)苯基]-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-[2-(2-氯-1,1,2-三氟乙氧基)苯基]-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-[2-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-[2-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(4′-(三氟甲硫基)联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(4′-(三氟甲硫基)联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;5-氟-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酸[2-(1,2-二甲基-丙基)-苯基]-酰胺、氟联苯菌(flumetover)、氯环丙酰胺(carpropamid),以及N-(2-(4-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2- 炔基氧基]-3-甲氧基苯基)乙基)-2-甲磺酰氨基-3-甲基丁酰胺、N-(2-(4-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-炔基氧基]-3-甲氧基苯基)乙基)-2-乙磺酰氨基-3-甲基丁酰胺;
C)选自下列的杂环化合物:
4-十二烷基-2,6-二甲基吗啉(aldimorph)、异噻菌酮(focthilinone)、吲唑磺菌胺(amisulbrom)、哒菌清(diclomezine)、5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶、6-(3,4-二氯苯基)-5-甲基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、6-(4-叔丁基苯基)-5-甲基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、5-甲基-6-(3,5,5-三甲基己基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、5-甲基-6-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、6-甲基-5-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、6-乙基-5-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、5-乙基-6-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、5-乙基-6-(3,5,5-三甲基己基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、6-辛基-5-丙基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、5-甲氧基甲基-6-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、6-辛基-5-三氟甲基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺和5-三氟甲基-6-(3,5,5-三甲基己基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、2-丁氧基-6-碘-3-丙基苯并吡喃-4-酮;棉隆(dazomet)、3-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2,3-二甲基异噁唑烷-3-基]吡啶;
和
D)选自下列的其它活性化合物:威百亩(metam)、3-(4-氯苯基)-3-(2-异丙氧羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)丙酸甲酯;烯菌灵(enilconazole)、链霉素(streptomycin)、乐杀螨(binapacryl)、敌螨通(dinobuton)、薯瘟锡(fentin-acetate)、藻菌磷(fosetyl)、亚磷酸及其盐、六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、甲基托布津(thiophanate-methyl),和醋酸铜。
此外,本发明涉及一种使用化合物I和活性化合物II的混合物防治害虫,包括动物害虫和有害真菌的方法,化合物I和活性化合物II在制备该类混合物中的用途以及包含这类混合物的组合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,提供了防治昆虫、螨虫或线虫的方法,其包括使所述昆虫、螨虫或线虫或其食物供应源、栖息地、繁殖地或其场所与杀虫有效量的化合物I和一种或多种化合物II的混合物接触。
此外,在另一个实施方案中,本发明还涉及一种保护植物免受昆虫、 螨虫或线虫侵袭或侵染的方法,其包括使植物,或植物在其中生长的土壤或水体与杀虫有效量的化合物I和一种或多种化合物II的混合物接触。
本发明还提供了一种处理、防治、预防或保护动物免受寄生虫侵袭或侵染的方法,其包括将杀寄生虫有效量的化合物I和一种或多种化合物II的混合物口服、局部或肠胃外给药或施用于动物。
本发明还提供了一种制备用于处理、防治、预防或保护温血动物或鱼免受昆虫、螨虫或线虫侵袭或侵染的组合物的方法,该组合物包含杀虫有效量的化合物I和一种或多种化合物II的混合物。
此外,本发明涉及一种使用化合物I和活性化合物II的混合物防治有害真菌的方法,化合物I和活性化合物II在制备该类混合物中的用途以及包含这些混合物的组合物。
上面称为组分1的式I的邻氨基苯甲酰胺化合物、其制备及其对昆虫和螨虫害虫的作用是已知的(WO 2004/67528;WO 2004/46129;WO2004/33468;WO 2003/24222;WO 2003/15518)。
式I化合物与其它杀虫剂的对害虫有用的混合物通常由WO2004/67528;WO 2004/46129;WO 2004/33468;WO 2003/24222;WO 2003/15518已知。WO 2006/055922公开了作为单独化合物和混合物的邻氨基苯甲酰胺化合物衍生物。式I化合物与其它杀真菌剂的二元混合物描述在WO 2006/108552中。
上面作为组分2提到的活性化合物II、其制备及其对有害真菌的作用通常是已知的(参见http://www.hclrss.demon.co.uk/index.html);它们可以市购。它们尤其已知为:呋吡唑灵,噻酰菌胺,3’-氯-4,4’-二甲基-1,2,3-噻二唑-5-甲酰苯胺[CAS RN 223580-51-6];氟联苯菌,2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-N-乙基-α,α,α-三氟-N-甲基对甲苯甲酰胺[AGROW No.243,22(1995)];氯环丙酰胺,2,2-二氯-N-[1-(4-氯苯基)乙基]-1-乙基-3-甲基环丙烷甲酰胺[CAS RN104030-54-8];4-十二烷基-2,6-二甲基吗啉,包含65-75%2,6-二甲基吗啉和25-35%2,5-二甲基吗啉的4-烷基-2,5(或2,6)-二甲基吗啉,其中超过85%为4-十二烷基-2,5(或2,6)-二甲基吗啉且其中“烷基”还包括辛基、癸基、十四烷基或十六烷基以及其中顺/反比为1∶1;异噻菌酮;吲唑磺菌胺,N,N- 二甲基-3-(3-溴-6-氟-2-甲基吲哚-1-磺酰基)-[1,2,4]三唑-1-磺酰胺(WO03/053145);哒菌清,6-(3,5-二氯苯基)-对甲苯基)哒嗪-3(2H)-酮;威百亩,甲基二硫代氨基甲酸(US 2 791 605);链霉素,O-2-脱氧-2-甲基氨基-α-L-吡喃葡糖基-(1→2)-O-5-脱氧-3-C-甲酰基-α-L-呋喃来苏糖基-(1→4)N1,N3-二脒基-D-链霉胺;多氧霉素,5-(2-氨基-5-O-氨基甲酰基-2-脱氧-L-木质酰胺基)-1-(5-羧基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-1-基)-1,5-二脱氧-β-D-呋喃阿洛糖醛酸及其盐;乐杀螨,3-甲基巴豆酸(RS)-2-仲丁基-4,6-二硝基苯基酯;敌螨通,碳酸(RS)-2-仲丁基-4,6-二硝基苯基异丙基酯;5,10-二氧代-5,10-二氢萘并[2,3-b][1,4]二噻英-2,3-二甲腈(GB 857 383);薯瘟锡,醋酸三苯基锡(US 3499 086);藻菌磷(FR 22 54 276);甲基托布津,1,2-亚苯基二(亚氨基硫代羰基)二(氨基甲酸二甲基酯)(DE-OS 19 30 540)。
根据IUPAC命名的化合物、其制备及其杀真菌作用同样是已知的:(2-氯-5-[1-(3-甲基苄氧基亚氨基)乙基]苄基)氨基甲酸甲酯、(2-氯-5-[1-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基甲氧亚氨基)乙基]苄基)氨基甲酸甲酯(EP-A 12 01 648);2-(邻-((2,5-二甲基苯氧基亚甲基)苯基)-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(EP-A 226 917);5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶(WO98/46608),3,4-二氯-N-(2-氰基苯基)异噻唑-5-甲酰胺(WO 99/24413),N-(2-{4-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-炔氧基]-3-甲氧苯基}乙基)-2-甲磺酰氨基-3-甲基丁酰胺、N-(2-{4-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-炔氧基]-3-甲氧苯基}乙基)-2-乙磺酰氨基-3-甲基丁酰胺(WO 2004/049804),N-(4’-溴联苯-2-基)-4-二氟甲基-2-甲基噻唑-5-甲酰胺、N-(4’-三氟甲基联苯-2-基)-4-二氟甲基-2-甲基噻唑-5-甲酰胺、N-(4’-氯-3’-氟联苯-2-基)-4-二氟甲基-2-甲基噻唑-5-甲酰胺、N-(3’,4’-二氯-4-氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基吡唑-4-甲酰胺(WO 2003/066609)、N-(3′,4′-二氯-5-氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基吡唑-4-甲酰胺(WO03/053145);2-丁氧基-6-碘-3-丙基苯并吡喃-4-酮(WO 2003/14103);3-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2,3-二甲基异噁唑烷-3-基]吡啶(EP-A 10 35 122);吲唑磺菌胺,N,N-二甲基-3-(3-溴-6-氟-2-甲基吲哚-1-磺酰基)-[1,2,4]三唑-1-磺酰胺(WO2003/053145);3-(4-氯苯基)-3-(2-异丙氧基羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)丙酸甲酯(EP-A 1028125);6-(3,4-二氯苯基)-5-甲基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7- 基胺、6-(4-叔丁基苯基)-5-甲基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、5-甲基-6-(3,5,5-三甲基己基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、5-甲基-6-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、6-甲基-5-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、6-乙基-5-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、5-乙基-6-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、5-乙基-6-(3,5,5-三甲基己基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、6-辛基-5-丙基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、5-甲氧基甲基-6-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺、6-辛基-5-三氟甲基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺和5-三氟甲基-6-(3,5,5-三甲基己基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺已知于EP-A 71 792;EP-A 141 317;WO2003/009687;WO 2005/087771;WO 2005/087772;WO 2005/087773;PCT/EP2006/050922;WO 2006/087325和/或WO 2006/092428;
N-(2′,4′-二氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,4′-二氯联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,4′-二氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,4′-二氯联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,5′-二氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,5′-二氯联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,5′-二氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,5′-二氯联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′,5′-二氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′,5′-二氯联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(3′,5′-二氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′,5′-二氯联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′-氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;
N-(3′-氯联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′-氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;
N-(3′-氯联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′-氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′-氯联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′-氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′-氯联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺; N-(2′-氟-4′-氯-5′-甲基联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-二氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(2′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-二氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-3-氯氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-[2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙氧基)苯基]-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-[2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙氧基)-苯基]-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺,
N-[2-(2-氯-1,1,2-三氟乙氧基)苯基]-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-[2-(2-氯-1,1,2-三氟乙氧基)苯基]-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;4-甲酸-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-[2-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;N-(4′-(三氟甲硫基)联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;以及N-(4′-(三氟甲硫基)联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺已知于WO 2006/087343、WO 2001/42223、WO 2005/34628、WO2005/123689、WO 2005/123690、WO 2006/120219、WO 2007/017450和/或EP申请号06123463.9。
为了降低已知化合物的施用率并拓宽其活性谱,本发明的目的是提供在活性化合物的总施用量降低下对害虫具有改进活性的混合物。
出现在害虫防治领域内的一个典型问题为需要降低活性成分的剂量率以在仍允许有效的害虫防治时减少或避免不利的环境或毒物学影响。
关于本发明,术语害虫包括动物害虫和有害真菌。
遇到的另一问题涉及需要对宽范围害虫有效的害虫防治剂。
还存在对结合了击倒(knock down)活性与长期防治,即快速作用与长久持续作用的害虫防治剂的需要。
关于使用农药的另一困难为,反复和单一施用单独的农药化合物在很多情况下导致害虫出现快速选择性,即意味着对所述活性化合物具有天然或适应的耐药性的害虫和有害真菌。为此,存在对有助于防止或克服耐药性的害虫防治剂的需要。
为此,本发明的目的为提供解决了降低剂量率和/或增强了活性谱和/ 或结合了击倒活性和长期防治和/或耐药性管理的问题的农药混合物。
我们发现该目的部分或全部由开头所定义的活性化合物的组合实现。此外,我们发现与单一化合物可能的防治率相比,同时,即联合或分开施用化合物I和一种或多种化合物II或依次施用化合物I和一种或多种化合物II可以增强对害虫,即动物害虫和有害真菌的防治(协同增效混合物)。
在对式I所给符号的定义中,使用通常代表下列取代基的集合性术语:
烷基:具有1-6,优选至多4个碳原子的饱和直链或支化烃基,例如C1-C4烷基,如甲基、乙基、丙基、1-甲基乙基、丁基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基乙基。
式I尤其代表其中R为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基的化合物。
式I尤其代表其中B1为氯或氰基的化合物。
式I尤其代表其中B2为溴的化合物。
一个实施方案代表其中R为氢的式I化合物。另一实施方案代表其中R为C1-C4烷基,尤其为甲基的式I化合物。
尤其考虑到它们在本发明混合物中的用途,优选汇集在下表中的化合物I:
表I
序号 | B1 | B2 | R |
I-1 | H | Br | H |
I-2 | CN | Br | H |
I-3 | Cl | Br | H |
I-4 | H | CF3 | H |
I-5 | CN | CF3 | H |
I-6 | Cl | CF3 | H |
I-7 | H | Br | CH3 |
I-8 | CN | Br | CH3 |
I-9 | Cl | Br | CH3 |
I-10 | H | CF3 | CH3 |
I-11 | CN | CF3 | CH3 |
I-12 | Cl | CF3 | CH3 |
I-13 | H | Br | CH2CH3 |
I-14 | CN | Br | CH2CH3 |
I-15 | Cl | Br | CH2CH3 |
序号 | B1 | B2 | R |
I-16 | H | CF3 | CH2CH3 |
I-17 | CN | CF3 | CH2CH3 |
I-18 | Cl | CF3 | CH2CH3 |
I-19 | H | Br | CH2CH2CH3 |
I-20 | CN | Br | CH2CH2CH3 |
I-21 | Cl | Br | CH2CH2CH3 |
I-22 | H | CF3 | CH2CH2CH3 |
I-23 | CN | CF3 | CH2CH2CH3 |
I-24 | Cl | CF3 | CH2CH2CH3 |
I-25 | H | Br | CH(CH3)2 |
I-26 | CN | Br | CH(CH3)2 |
I-27 | Cl | Br | CH(CH3)2 |
I-28 | H | CF3 | CH(CH3)2 |
I-29 | CN | CF3 | CH(CH3)2 |
I-30 | Cl | CF3 | CH(CH3)2 |
特别优选化合物I-8或I-9与开头定义的化合物II中任一个的组合。特别优选化合物I-9,3-溴-4′-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-2′-甲基-6′-(甲基氨基甲酰基)吡唑-5-甲酰苯胺(carboxanilide),其暂时的ISO名为氯虫酰胺(chlorantraniliprole)。
本发明的优选实施方案提供了化合物I,尤其是化合物I-8和I-9中任一个与选自呋吡唑灵、吲唑磺菌胺和哒菌清的化合物II的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了氯环丙酰胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了呋吡唑灵与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了噻酰菌胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了N-(3′,4′-二氯-5-氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基吡唑-4-甲酰胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-二氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了N-(2′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-二氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-3-氯氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了N-[2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙氧基)苯基]-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了N-[2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙氧基)-苯基]-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了N-[2-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了N-(4′-(三氟甲硫基)联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了N-(4′-(三氟甲硫基)联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了5-氟-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酸[2-(1,2-二甲基-丙基)-苯基]-酰胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了6-(3,4-二氯-苯基)-5-甲基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了6-(4-叔丁基苯基)-5-甲基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了5-甲基-6-(3,5,5-三甲基-己基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了5-甲基-6-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了6-甲基-5-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了6-乙基-5-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了5-乙基-6-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了5-乙基-6-(3,5,5-三甲基-己基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了6-辛基-5-丙基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了5-甲氧基甲基-6-辛基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了6-辛基-5-三氟甲基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
本发明的另一优选实施方案提供了5-三氟甲基-6-(3,5,5-三甲基-己基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基胺与汇集在表I中的任一式I化合物的混合物。
对本发明用途而言,可以将本发明混合物或化合物I和活性化合物II转化成常规配制剂,例如溶液、乳液、悬浮液、粉剂、粉末、糊和颗粒。 使用形式取决于特定的意欲目的;在每种情况下应确保本发明化合物精细和均匀地分布。
配制剂以已知的方式制备,例如通过将活性化合物与溶剂和/或载体混合而制备,需要的话使用乳化剂和分散剂。合适的溶剂/助剂主要为:
-水、芳族溶剂(如Solvesso产品、二甲苯)、石蜡(如矿物油馏分)、醇类(如甲醇、丁醇、戊醇、苄醇)、酮类(如环己酮、γ-丁内酯)、吡咯烷酮(NMP、NOP)、乙酸酯(乙二醇二乙酸酯)、二元醇、脂肪酸二甲基酰胺、脂肪酸及脂肪酸酯。原则上还可以使用溶剂混合物。
-载体如磨碎的天然矿物(如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩)和磨碎的合成矿物(如高度分散的硅石、硅酸盐);乳化剂如非离子和阴离子乳化剂(如聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、烷基磺酸盐和芳基磺酸盐)以及分散剂如木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
合适的表面活性剂是木素磺酸、萘磺酸、苯酚磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐,烷基芳基磺酸盐,烷基硫酸盐,烷基磺酸盐,脂肪醇硫酸盐,脂肪酸和硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚,还有磺化萘和萘衍生物与甲醛的缩合物,萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合物,聚氧乙烯辛基酚醚,乙氧基化异辛基酚、辛基酚、壬基酚,烷基酚聚乙二醇醚,三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚,三硬脂基苯基聚乙二醇醚,烷基芳基聚醚醇,醇和脂肪醇/氧化乙烯缩合物,乙氧基化蓖麻油,聚氧乙烯烷基醚,乙氧基化聚氧丙烯,月桂醇聚乙二醇醚缩醛,山梨醇酯,木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
适于制备可直接喷雾溶液、乳液、糊或油分散体的物质是中沸点到高沸点的矿物油馏分,如煤油或柴油,此外还有煤焦油和植物或动物来源的油,脂族、环状和芳族烃,例如甲苯、二甲苯、石蜡、四氢化萘、烷基化萘或其衍生物、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、环己醇、环己酮、异佛尔酮,强极性溶剂,例如二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和水。
防冻剂如甘油、乙二醇、丙二醇以及杀菌剂也可加入配制剂。
合适的消泡剂例如为基于聚硅氧烷或硬脂酸镁的消泡剂。
合适的防腐剂例如为双氯酚(Dichlorophen)和苯甲醇半缩甲醛(enzylalkoholhemiformal)。
种子处理配制剂可额外包含粘合剂和任选着色剂。
添加粘合剂以改进活性材料在处理后对于种子的粘附。合适粘合剂为嵌段共聚物EO/PO表面活性剂,以及聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚丁烯、聚异丁烯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯酰胺、聚乙烯亚胺(Lupasol、Polymin)、聚醚、聚氨酯、聚乙烯基乙酸酯、纤基乙酸钠和衍生自这些聚合物的共聚物。
任选在配制剂中也包含着色剂。适用于种子处理配制剂的着色剂或染料为若丹明B、C.I.颜料红112、C.I.溶剂红1、颜料蓝15:4、颜料蓝15:3、颜料蓝15:2、颜料蓝15:1、颜料蓝80、颜料黄1、颜料黄13、颜料红112、颜料红48:2、颜料红48:1、颜料红57:1、颜料红53:1、颜料橙43、颜料橙34、颜料橙5、颜料绿36、颜料绿7、颜料白6、颜料棕25、碱性紫10、碱性紫49、酸性红51、酸性红52、酸性红14、酸性蓝9、酸性黄23、碱性红10、碱性红108。
粉末、撒播用材料和可撒粉产品可以通过将活性物质与固体载体混合或同时研磨而制备。
颗粒如涂覆颗粒、浸渍颗粒和均质颗粒可以通过将活性化合物与固体载体粘附而制备。固体载体的实例是矿土如硅胶、硅酸盐、滑石、高岭土、活性粘土(attaclay)、石灰石、石灰、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、氧化镁,磨碎的合成材料,肥料如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、尿素,以及植物来源的产品如谷粉、树皮粉、木粉和坚果壳粉,纤维素粉和其它固体载体。
配制剂通常包含0.01-95重量%,优选0.1-90重量%的活性化合物。活性化合物以90-100%,优选95-100%的纯度(根据NMR谱)使用。
对于种子处理,各种配制剂可在稀释2-10倍后得到活性化合物在即用制剂中的0.01-60重量%,优选0.1-40重量%的浓度。
下列为配制剂实例:
1.用水稀释的产品
对于种子处理,这些产品可稀释或不经稀释而施用于种子。
A水溶性浓缩物(SL、LS)
将10重量份活性化合物溶于90重量份水或水溶性溶剂中。或者,加入湿润剂或其它助剂。活性化合物经水稀释溶解。以此方式得到活性化合物含量为10重量%的配制剂。
B分散性浓缩物(DC)
将20重量份活性化合物溶于70重量份环己酮中并加入10重量份分散剂如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。用水稀释得到分散体。活性化合物含量为20重量%。
C乳油(EC)
将15重量份活性化合物溶于75重量份二甲苯中并加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下为5重量份)。用水稀释得到乳液。该配制剂的活性化合物含量为15重量%。
D乳液(EW、EO、ES)
将25重量份活性化合物溶于35重量份二甲苯中并加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下为5重量份)。借助乳化机(如Ultraturrax)将该混合物加入30重量份水中并制成均相乳液。用水稀释得到乳液。配制剂的活性化合物含量为25重量%。
E悬浮液(SC、OD、FS)
在搅拌的球磨机中,将20重量份活性化合物粉碎并加入10重量份分散剂和湿润剂以及70重量份水或有机溶剂,得到细碎活性化合物悬浮液。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物悬浮液。配制剂中活性化合物含量为20重量%。
F水分散性颗粒和水溶性颗粒(WG、SG)
将50重量份活性化合物细碎研磨并加入50重量份分散剂和湿润剂,借助工业装置(如挤出机、喷雾塔、流化床)将其制成水分散性或水溶性颗粒。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物分散体或溶液。该配制剂的活性化合物含量为50重量%。
G水分散性粉末和水溶性粉末(WP、SP、SS、WS)
将75重量份活性化合物在转子-定子磨机中研磨并加入25重量份分散 剂、湿润剂和硅胶。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物分散体或溶液。该配制剂的活性化合物含量为75重量%。
H凝胶配制剂(GF)
在球磨机中,将20重量份活性化合物、10重量份分散剂,1重量份胶凝剂以及70重量份水或有机溶剂研磨,得到细碎悬浮液。用水稀释得到活性化合物含量为20重量%的稳定的悬浮液。
2.不经稀释而施用的产品
I可撒粉粉末(DP、DS)
将5重量份活性化合物细碎研磨并与95重量份细碎高岭土充分混合。这得到活性化合物含量为5重量%的可撒粉产品。
J颗粒(GR、FG、GG、MG)
将0.5重量份活性化合物细碎研磨并结合99.5重量份载体。现行方法是挤出、喷雾干燥或流化床方法。这得到不经稀释而施用的活性化合物含量为0.5重量%的颗粒。
K ULV溶液(UL)
将10重量份活性化合物溶于90重量份有机溶剂如二甲苯中。这得到不经稀释而施用的活性化合物含量为10重量%的产品。
通常,将水溶性浓缩物(LS)、悬浮液(FS)、可撒粉粉末(DS)、水分散性和水溶性粉末(WS、SS)、乳液(ES)、乳油(EC)和凝胶配制剂(GF)用于种子处理。这些配制剂可以不经稀释的形式或优选以经稀释的形式施用于种子。施用可在播种之前进行。
在优选实施方案中,将FS配制剂用于种子处理。FS配制剂通常可包含1-800g/l活性成分、1-200g/l表面活性剂、0-200g/l防冻剂、0-400g/l粘合剂、0-200g/l颜料和至多1升溶剂,优选水。
活性化合物可以直接、以其配制剂形式或由其制备的使用形式,如可直接喷雾溶液、粉末、悬浮液或分散体、乳液、油分散体、糊、可撒粉产品、撒播用材料或颗粒,借助喷雾、雾化、撒粉、撒播或浇灌来使用。使用形式完全取决于意欲的目的;意欲在每种情况下确保本发明活性化合物的最佳可能分布。
含水使用形式可通过加入水由乳液浓缩物、糊或可湿性粉末(可喷雾粉末、油分散体)制备。为制备乳液、糊或油分散体,可借助湿润剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂将该物质直接或溶于油或溶剂中后在水中均化。或者还可以制备由活性物质、湿润剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂以及合适的话溶剂或油组成的浓缩物且该浓缩物适于用水稀释。
即用制剂中的活性化合物浓度可在较宽范围内变化。其通常为0.0001-10%,优选0.01-1%。
活性化合物还可成功地以超低容量法(ULV)使用,其中可以施用包含超过95重量%活性化合物的配制剂或甚至可以在没有添加剂的情况下施用活性化合物。
可以将各种类型的油、润湿剂、辅助剂、除草剂、杀真菌剂、其它农药或杀菌剂加入活性化合物中,合适的话恰在紧临使用之前(桶混合)加入。这些试剂通常可以1∶100-100∶1,优选1∶10-10∶1的重量比与本发明试剂混合。
本发明的组合物还可以含有其他活性成分,例如其他农药,除草剂,肥料如硝酸铵、尿素、钾碱和酸性磷酸盐,植物毒素和植物生长调节剂和安全剂。这些额外成分可以与上述组合物依次或结合使用,合适的话还在紧临使用前加入(桶混合)。例如可以在用其他活性成分处理之前或之后用本发明组合物喷雾植物。
化合物I和化合物II可以5000∶1-1∶5000,优选500∶1-1∶100,更优选100∶1-1∶100,尤其是20∶1-1∶20,最优选10∶1-1∶10的重量比施用。
当制备混合物时,优选使用纯活性化合物I和II,可以根据需要向其中加入其他对抗有害真菌或其他害虫如昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫的活性化合物或除草活性或生长调节活性化合物或肥料以作为其它活性组分。
通常使用化合物I与活性化合物II的混合物。然而,在某些情况下,化合物I与两种或合适的话更多种活性组分的混合物可能是有利的。
在上述意义上合适的其他活性组分尤其是开头所提到的活性化合物II,特别是上述优选的活性化合物。
如果超过一种化合物II用于本发明,则需要的话将其它活性组分以 20∶1-1∶20的重量比加入化合物I中。
或者,将这些其它活性组分以20∶1-1∶20的重量比施用至化合物II。
化合物I和活性化合物II的混合物通过用杀真菌有效量的活性化合物处理真菌或需防止真菌侵袭的植物、种子、材料或土壤而使用。施用可以在材料、植物或种子被真菌侵染之前和之后进行。
在对抗有害真菌的方法中,取决于化合物的类型以及所需效果,本发明混合物的施用率为5-2000g/ha,优选50-900g/ha,尤其是50-750g/ha。
相应地,化合物I的施用率通常为1-1000g/ha,优选10-900g/ha,尤其是20-750g/ha。
相应地,活性化合物II的施用率通常为1-2000g/ha,优选10-900g/ha,尤其是40-500g/ha。
防治有害真菌的方法通过在植物播种之前或之后或植物出苗之前或之后通过对种子、植物或土壤喷雾或撒粉而分开或联合施用化合物I和活性化合物II,或化合物I与活性化合物II的混合物而进行。
处理可在种植入地之前在种子箱中进行。
化合物I和至少一种化合物II的混合物,或同时,即联合或分开使用化合物I和至少一种化合物II对宽范围的植物病原性真菌,尤其是选自子囊菌纲(Ascomycetes)、半知菌纲(Deuteromycetes)、Peronosporomycetes(同义词:卵菌纲(Oomycetes))和担子菌纲(Basidiomycetes)的真菌具有优异的活性。它们中的一些内吸有效且可以作为叶面杀真菌剂、拌种用杀真菌剂和土壤杀真菌剂用于作物保护中。
它们对在各种栽培植物如香蕉、棉花、蔬菜(如黄瓜、豆类和葫芦科植物)、大麦、禾草、燕麦、咖啡、土豆、玉米、水果、稻、黑麦、大豆、西红柿、葡萄藤、小麦、观赏植物、甘蔗以及多种种子中防治大量真菌尤其重要。
化合物I和化合物II可以同时,即联合或分开施用,或依次施用,在分开施用的情况下,施用顺序通常对防治措施的结果没有任何影响。
它们对在各种栽培植物如小麦、黑麦、大麦、燕麦、稻、玉米、禾草、香蕉、棉花、大豆、咖啡、甘蔗、葡萄藤、水果和观赏植物以及蔬菜如黄 瓜、豆类、西红柿、土豆和葫芦科植物以及这些植物的种子中防治大量真菌尤其重要。其还可用于由于包括基因工程在内的培育而对昆虫或真菌的侵袭具有抗性的作物中。此外,其还适用于防治尤其侵袭木材或葡萄藤根部的葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria)、柱孢属(Cylindrocarpon)、葡萄顶枯病菌(Eutypa lata)、鹅掌楸新丛赤壳菌(Neonectria liriodendri)和毛韧革菌(Stereum hirsutum)。
它们特别适合防治下列各种植物病害:
蔬菜、油菜籽、糖用甜菜、水果、稻和大豆以及土豆上的链格孢(Alternaria)属(例如早疫链格孢(A.solani)或细交链孢(A.alternata)),和西红柿上(例如早疫链格孢(A.solani)或细交链孢(A.alternata)),和小麦上的链格孢(Alternaria)属(黑霉病(black head mold)),
糖用甜菜和蔬菜上的丝囊霉(Aphanomyces)属,
禾谷类和蔬菜上的壳二孢(Ascochyta)属,例如小麦上的小麦裾叶炫菌(Ascochyta tritici)(叶斑病),
玉米、禾谷类、稻和草坪中的平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris)属和内脐蠕孢(Drechslera)属(例如玉米上的玉米小斑病菌(D.maydis)),
禾谷类(例如小麦或大麦)中的禾白粉菌(Blumeria graminis)(白粉病),
草莓、蔬菜、花卉、葡萄藤和小麦上的灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)(根霉病)(head mold),
莴苣上的莴苣盘梗霉(Bremia lactucae),
玉米、稻、糖用甜菜上的尾孢(Cercospora)属,例如大豆上的大豆尾孢(Cercospora sojina)(叶斑病)或菊池尾孢(Cercospora kikuchii)(叶斑病),
小麦上的扁豆枝孢(Cladosporium herbarum)(干腐病(ear rot)),
玉米、禾谷类和稻上的旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus)属(例如禾谷类上的禾旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus sativus),和稻上的宫部旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolusmiyabeanus)),
棉花上的剌盘孢(Colletotricum)属以及例如大豆上的毛豆炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum truncatum)(炭疽病),
大豆上的山扁豆生棒孢(Corynespora cassiicola)(叶斑病)
大豆上的白纹羽束丝菌(Dematophora necatrix)(根/颈腐病)
大豆上的菜豆间座壳(Diaporthe phaseolorum)(茎病害)
玉米、禾谷类、稻和草坪上,大麦上(例如大麦网斑内脐蠕孢(D.teres))或小麦上(例如D.tritci-repentis)的内脐蠕孢(Drechslera)属、核腔菌(Pyrenophora)属,
由Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporium、Ph.Aleophilum和Formitipora punctata(同义词斑孔木层孔菌(Phellinus punctatus))引起的葡萄藤上的埃斯卡(Esca);
葡萄藤上的痂囊腔菌(Elsinoe empelina),
小麦上的附球菌属(Epicoccum)(黑霉病)
玉米上的突脐蠕孢(Exserohilum)属,
黄瓜上的二孢白粉菌(Erysiphe cichoracearum)和单丝壳白粉菌(Sphaerotheca fuliginea),
各种植物上的镰孢霉(Fusarium)属和轮枝孢(Verticillium)属,例如禾谷类(例如小麦或大麦)上的禾谷镰刀菌(F.graminearum)或大刀镰孢(F.culmorum)(根腐病)或西红柿上的尖镰孢(F.oxysporum),和大豆上的真马特腐皮镰孢(Fusarium Solani)(茎病害)
禾谷类(例如小麦或大麦)上的禾顶囊壳(Gaeumanomyces graminis)属(根霉病(root black)),
禾谷类和稻上的赤霉(Gibberella)属(例如稻上的藤仓赤霉(Gibberellafujikuroi)),
葡萄藤和其它植物上的围小丛壳(Glomerella cingulata),
稻上的革兰氏染色配合物(Grainstaining complex),
葡萄藤上的葡萄球座菌(Guignardia budwelli),
玉米和稻上的长蠕孢(Helminthosporium)属,
葡萄藤上的褐斑拟棒束孢(Isariopsis clavispora),
大豆上的菜豆格孢(Macrophomina phaseolina)(根/茎腐病),
禾谷类(例如小麦和大麦)上的Michrodochium nivale(雪霉病),
大豆上的Microsphaera diffusa(白粉病),
禾谷类、香蕉和花生上的球腔菌(Mycosphaerella)属,例如小麦上的禾生球腔菌(M.graminicola)或香蕉上的M.fijiesis,
甘蓝上的霜霉(Peronospora)属(例如芸苔霜霉(P.brassicae)),洋葱上的(例如P.destructor),和例如大豆上的东北霜霉(Peronosporamanshurica)(霜霉病),
大豆上的豆薯层锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi)(大豆锈病)和山马蟥层锈菌(Phakopsara meibomiae)(大豆锈病),
大豆上的Phialophora gregata(茎病害),
向日葵、葡萄藤和大豆上的拟茎点霉(Phomopsis)属(如葡萄藤上的葡萄拟茎点霉(P.viticola)和大豆上的Phomopsis phaseoli),
各种植物上的疫霉属(Phytophthora),例如柿子椒上的辣椒疫霉(P.capsici),大豆上的大雄疫霉(Phytophthora megasperma)(叶/茎腐病),土豆和西红柿上的致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans),
葡萄藤上的葡萄生单轴霉(Plasmopara viticola),
苹果上的苹果白粉病菌(Podosphaera leucotricha),
禾谷类上(小麦或大麦)的小麦基腐病菌(Pseudocercosporellaherpotrichoides)(眼斑病),
各种植物上的假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora)属,例如黄瓜上的古巴假霜霉(P.cubenis)或啤酒花上的葎草假霜霉(P.humili),
葡萄藤上的Pseudopezicula tracheiphilai,
各种植物上的柄锈菌(Puccinia)属,例如禾谷类(例如大麦和小麦)上的小麦锈病菌(P.triticina),条锈病菌(P.striformis),大麦锈病菌(P.hordei)或禾柄锈菌(P.graminis)或芦笋上(芦笋锈病菌(P.asparagi)),
小麦上的稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae)、笹木伏革菌(Corticiumsasakii)、帚梗柱孢属(Sarocladium oryzae)、稻叶鞘腐败病(S.attenuatum)、Pyrenophora tritici-repentis(叶斑病)或大麦上的Pyrenophora teres(网斑病)
稻上的稻叶黑粉菌(Entyloma oryzae),
草坪和禾谷类上的稻梨孢菌(Pyricularia grisea),
草坪、稻、玉米、小麦、棉花、油菜籽、向日葵、糖用甜菜、蔬菜和其他植物上的腐霉(Pythium)属,(例如终极腐霉(P.ultimum)或瓜果腐霉(P.aphanidermatum)),
大麦上的Ramularia collo-cygni(Ramularia/晒斑(sunburn)复合物/生理叶斑病),
棉花、稻、土豆、草坪、玉米、油菜籽、土豆、糖用甜菜、蔬菜和各种其他植物上的丝核菌(Rhizoctonia)属,例如大豆上的立枯丝核病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)(根/茎腐病)或小麦或大麦上的禾谷丝核菌(Rhizoctoniacerealis)(黄斑病(sharp eyspot)),
大麦(叶斑病)、黑麦和黑小麦上的黑麦喙孢(Rhynchosporium secalis),
油菜籽、向日葵和大豆上的核盘菌(Sclerotinia)属,例如大豆上的核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)(茎病害)或Sclerotinia rolfsii(茎病害),
大豆上的大豆壳针孢(Septoria glycines)(叶斑病),
小麦上的小麦壳针孢(Septoria tritici)(叶枯病(leaf septoria))和颖枯壳多孢(Stagonospora nodorum),
葡萄藤上的葡萄钩丝壳(Erysiphe(同义词Uncinula necator),
玉米和草坪上的Setospaeria属,
玉米上的丝轴黑粉菌(Sphacelotheca reilinia),
小麦上的颖枯壳多孢(Stagonospora nodorum)(颖枯病(ear septoria)),
大豆和棉花上的根串珠霉(Thievaliopsis)属,
禾谷类上的腥黑粉菌(Tilletia)属,
小麦或大麦上的肉孢核瑚菌(Typhula incarnate)(雪霉病),
禾谷类、玉米和甘蔗上的黑粉菌(Ustilago)属(例如玉米上的玉蜀黍黑粉菌(U.maydis)),
苹果和梨上的黑星菌(Venturia)属(黑星病)(例如苹果上的苹果黑星病(V.inaequalis))。
目标作物可为常规植物的作物或基因修饰植物的作物(″GM植物″或″GMO″)。
为此,本发明组合物还适合用于有用植物,尤其是禾谷类、棉花、大 豆、糖用甜菜、甘蔗、种植作物(例如柑橘类水果、咖啡、香蕉)、油菜、玉蜀黍和稻的抗除草剂、抗害虫和/或抗真菌转基因作物。
抗除草剂作物应理解为包括借助常规育种或基因工程方法而耐受多种除草剂或多类除草剂(例如ALS、GS、EPSPS、PPO和HPPD抑制剂)的那些作物。通过常规育种方法而耐受例如咪唑啉酮如咪草啶酸(imazamox)的作物的实例为Clearfield夏油菜(卡诺拉(canola))。通过基因工程方法而耐受除草剂的作物的实例为抗例如草甘膦(glyphosate)或草铵膦(glufosinate)的玉米品种,其分别可以商标名RoundupReady和LibertyLink购得。
对本发明而言,抗害虫和/或抗真菌转基因有用植物应明确理解为包括除具有抗害虫性和/或抗真菌性之外还具有除草剂耐受性的那些有用植物。根据本发明,在除草剂耐受性有用植物中,优选具有对草甘膦、草铵膦(glufosinate-ammonium)、ALS(乙酰乳酸合成酶)抑制剂,例如磺酰脲,如氟嘧磺隆(primisulfuron)、氟丙黄隆(prosulfuron)及三氟啶黄隆(trifloxysulfuron))或溴苯腈(bromoxynil)的耐受性的有用植物,例如Bt11玉蜀黍或Herculex I玉蜀黍。
对本发明而言,抗害虫转基因作物植物应理解为通过使用重组DNA技术进行转化而使其能够合成一种或多种选择性作用毒素,例如由产生毒素的细菌,特别是那些芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)细菌已知的毒素的植物。
可通过这些转基因植物表达的毒素例如包括杀虫蛋白,如来自蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)或日本甲虫芽孢杆菌(Bacillus popilliae)的杀虫蛋白;或来自苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)的杀虫蛋白,例如α-内毒素,如CryIA(b)、CryIA(c)、CryIF、CryIF(a2)、CryIIA(b)、CryIIIA、CryIIIB(bi)或Cry9c,或植物杀虫蛋白(VIP),如VIP1、VIP2、VIP3或VIP3A;或寄生在线虫上细菌,例如发光杆菌属(Photorhabdus spp.),致病杆菌属(Xenorhabdus spp.),如发光杆菌(Photorhabdus luminescens)、嗜线虫致病杆菌(Xenorhabdus nematophilus))的杀虫蛋白;由动物产生的毒素,如蝎毒素、蜘蛛类动物毒素、黄蜂毒素及其它昆虫特异性神经毒素;由真菌产生的毒素,例如链霉菌(Streptomycetes)毒素;植物凝血素,例如豌豆 凝血素、大麦凝血素或雪花莲凝血素;凝集素;蛋白酶抑制剂,例如胰蛋白酶抑制剂、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、马铃薯块茎储藏蛋白(patatin)、血清半胱胺酸蛋白酶(cystatin)抑制剂、木瓜蛋白酶抑制剂;核糖体失活蛋白(RIP),例如蓖麻毒蛋白、玉蜀黍RIP、相思豆毒蛋白、丝瓜籽毒蛋白(luffin)、皂草毒蛋白(saporin)或葫芦毒蛋白(bryodin);类固醇代谢酶,如3-羟基类固醇氧化酶、蜕皮类固醇-UDP-糖基转移酶、胆固醇氧化酶、蜕皮激素抑制剂、HMG-COA还原酶、离子通道阻断剂如钠或钙通道的阻断剂、保幼激素酯酶、利尿激素受体、1,2-苯二乙烯合成酶、联苄合成酶、几丁质酶及葡聚糖酶。
对本发明而言,应理解包括以下物质:d-内毒素,例如CryIA(b)、CryIA(c)、CryIF、CryIF(a2)、CryIIA(b)、CryIIIA、CryIIIB(bi)或Cry9c,或植物杀虫蛋白(VIP),例如VIP1、VIP2、VIP3或VIP3A,还明确包括杂交毒素、截短毒素(truncated toxin)和修饰毒素。杂交毒素通过重新组合那些蛋白的不同结构域而重组产生(例如参见WO 02/15701)。截短毒素的实例为截短CryIA(b),其以在如下文所述的Syngenta Seeds SAS的Bt11玉蜀黍中表达。在修饰毒素的情况下,天然存在毒素中的一个或多个氨基酸被替换。在这种氨基酸替换中,优选将非天然存在的蛋白酶识别序列插入毒素中,例如在CryIIIA055的情况下,将组织蛋白酶-D-识别序列插入CryIIIA毒素中(参见WO 03/018810)。
这些毒素或能够合成这些毒素的转基因植物的实例例如公开在EP-A374753、WO 93/07278、WO 95/34656、EP-A 427529、EP-A 451878和WO 03/052073中。
生产这些转基因植物的方法通常是本领域熟练技术人员已知的,且例如描述在上文提及的出版物中。CryI型脱氧核糖核酸及其制备例如由WO95/34656、EP-A 367474、EP-A 401979和WO 90/13651已知。
转基因植物中所含的毒素为植物提供了对有害昆虫的耐受性。这些昆虫可属于任何昆虫分类,但尤其常见于甲虫(鞘翅目(Coleoptera))、双翅昆虫(双翅目(Diptera))和蝴蝶(鳞翅目(Lepidoptera))中。
以下不同分类的有害昆虫在玉蜀黍作物中尤其常见:
Ostrinia nubilalis,欧洲玉米螟,
Agrotis ipsilon,小地老虎,
Helicoverpa zea,玉米穗虫,
Spodoptera frugiperda,草地夜蛾,
Diatraea grandiosella,西南玉米杆草螟,
Elasmopalpus lignosellus,南美玉米苗斑螟,
Diatraea saccharalis,小蔗螟,
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera,西部玉米根叶甲,
Diabrotica longicornis barberi,北方长角叶甲,
Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi,南方玉米根叶甲,
Melanotus spp.,金针虫属
Cyclocephala borealis,北方圆头犀金龟(蛴螬),
Cyclocephala immaculata,南方圆头犀金龟(蛴螬),
Popillia japonica,日本丽金龟子,
Chaetocnema pulicaria,玉米跳甲,
Sphenophorus maidis,玉米隐喙象,
Rhopalosiphum maidis,玉米蚜,
Anuraphis maidiradicis,玉米尾蚜,
Blissus leucopterus leucopterus,玉米长蝽,
Melanoplus femurrubrum,红足黑蝗,
Melanoplus sanguinipes,迁飞黑蝗,
Hylemya platura,种蝇,
Agromyza parvicornis,玉米斑潜蝇,
Anaphothrips obscurus,黄呆蓟马,
Solenopsis milesta,盗窃蚁,
Tetranychus urticae,二点叶螨。
含有一个或多个编码杀虫剂抗性及表达一种或多种毒素的基因的转基因植物是已知的,且其中一些可购得。这些植物的实例为:YieldGard(表达CryIA(b)毒素的玉蜀黍品种);YieldGard Rootworm(表达CryIIIB(bi) 毒素的玉蜀黍品种);YieldGard Plus(表达CryIA(b)和CryIIIB(bi)毒素的玉蜀黍品种);Starlink(表达Cry9(c)毒素的玉蜀黍品种);Herculex I (表达CryIF(a2)毒素和草胺膦(phosphinothricin)N-乙酰基-转移酶(PAT)以获得对除草剂草铵膦的耐受性的玉蜀黍品种);NuCOTN 33B(表达CryIA(c)毒素的棉花品种);Bollgard I(表达CryIA(c)毒素的棉花品种);BollgardII(表达CryIA(c)和CryIIA(b)毒素的棉花品种);VIPCOT(表达VIP毒素的棉花品种);NewLeat(表达CryIIIA毒素的土豆品种);NatureGard和Protecta。
这些转基因作物的其它实例为:
1.来自Syngenta Seeds SAS,Chemin de I′Hobit 27,F-31790St.Sauveur,法国的Bt11玉蜀黍,注册号C/FR/96/05/10。通过转基因表达截短CryIA(b)毒素而抗欧洲玉米螟虫(欧洲玉米螟及粉茎螟(Sesamianonagrioides))侵袭的基因修饰玉米(Zea mays)。Bt11玉蜀黍也转基因表达酶PAT以获得对除草剂草铵膦的耐受性。
2.来自Syngenta Seeds SAS,Chemin de I′Hobit 27,F-31790St.Sauveur,法国的Bt176玉蜀黍,注册号C/FR/96/05/10。通过转基因表达CryIA(b)毒素而抗欧洲玉米螟虫(欧洲玉米螟及粉茎螟)侵袭的基因修饰玉米。Bt176玉蜀黍也转基因表达酶PAT以获得对除草剂草铵膦的耐受性。
3.来自Syngenta Seeds SAS,Chemin de I′Hobit 27,F-31790St.Sauveur,法国的MIR604玉蜀黍,注册号C/FR/96/05/10。通过转基因表达修饰的CryIHA毒素而呈现昆虫抗性的玉蜀黍。该毒素为通过插入组织蛋白酶-D-蛋白酶识别序列而修饰的Cry3A055。这些转基因玉蜀黍植物的制备描述在WO 03/018810中。
4.来自Monsanto Europe S.A.270-272Avenue de Tervuren,B-1150Brussels,比利时的MON 863玉蜀黍,注册号C/DE/02/9。MON 863表达CryIIIB(bi)毒素且具有对某些鞘翅目昆虫的抗性。
5.来自Monsanto Europe S.A.270-272Avenue de Tervuren,B-1150Brussels,比利时的IPC 531棉花,注册号C/ES/96/02。
6.来自Pioneer Overseas Corporation,Avenue Tedesco,7B-1160 Brussels,比利时的1507玉蜀黍,注册号C/NLJ00/10。表达蛋白Cry1F以获得对某些鳞翅目昆虫的抗性且表达PAT蛋白以获得对除草剂草铵膦的耐受性的基因修饰玉蜀黍。
7.来自Monsanto Europe S.A.270-272Avenue de Tervuren,B-1150Brussels,比利时的NK603x MON 810玉蜀黍,注册号C/GB/02/M3/03。由通过使基因修饰品种NK603与MON 810杂交而获得的常规育种杂交玉蜀黍品种构成。NK603x MON 810玉蜀黍转基因地表达由土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium sp.)菌株CP4获得的赋予对除草剂Roundup(含有草甘膦)的耐受性的蛋白CP4 EPSPS以及由苏云金芽孢杆菌却氏卡奇(kurstaki)亚种获得的产生对包括欧洲玉米螟虫在内的某些鳞翅目昆虫的耐受性的CryIA(b)毒素。
抗昆虫植物的转基因作物也描述在BATS(Zentrum für Biosicherheitund Nachhaltigkeit,Zentrum BATS,Clarastrasse 13,4058Basel,瑞士)报告2003,(http://bats.ch)中。
对本发明而言,抗真菌转基因作物应理解为通过使用重组DNA技术进行转化而使其能够合成具有选择性作用的抗病原物质(例如所谓的″病原相关蛋白″(PRP,例如参见EP-A 392225))的那些作物。这些抗病原物质和能够合成这些抗病原物质的转基因植物的实例例如由EP-A 392225、WO95/33818和EP-A 353191已知。产生这些转基因植物的方法通常是本领域熟练技术人员已知的,且例如描述在上文提及的出版物中。
可由这些转基因植物表达的抗病原物质例如包括离子通道阻断剂,例如钠和钙通道的阻断剂,例如病毒KP1、KP4或KP6毒素;1,2-苯二乙烯合成酶;联苄合成酶;几丁质酶;葡聚糖酶;所谓的″病原相关蛋白″(PRP,例如参见EP-A 392225);由微生物产生的抗病原物质,例如肽抗生素或杂环抗生素(例如参见WO 95/33818)或植物病原体防御所涉及的蛋白质或多肽因子(所谓的″植物疾病抗性基因″,如WO 03/000906中所述)。使用本发明组合物的其它领域为保护储存货物和储藏室及保护原料(例如木材、纺织品、楼面料或建筑物)以及在卫生领域中,特别是保护人类、家畜和生产性牲畜防止所提及类型的害虫。
对本发明而言,转基因植物可如上所述含有一个或多个编码杀虫抗性以及除草剂抗性的基因(例如,RR Bollguard或RR yieldguard特征)。那些植物被认为是含有双重或甚至三重堆积基因(stacked gene)的转基因植物。此外,也可考虑将转基因植物中的基因或事件的这种多重堆积定义针对更广泛及更多的应用,例如杀真菌剂抗性或干旱抗性。后者应理解为通过使用重组DNA技术进行转化而使其能够提向作物提供在干旱选择压力下的胁迫抗性。此外,在转基因作物的多重堆积定义中,必须考虑当通过使用重组DNA的转化技术引入时,通过修饰作物的特定生理途径提供额外产量而增加特定作物本身的产量潜力的基因,例如大豆中的RR2yield。
化合物I和II或混合物或对应的配制剂通过用杀真菌有效量的混合物,或在分开施用的情况下的化合物I和II处理有害真菌,需要防止它们的植物、种子、土壤、区域、材料或空间而施用。施用可以在有害真菌侵染之前或之后进行。
化合物I和II的混合物,或同时,即联合或分开使用的化合物I和II也显示了突出的对抗如下目害虫的作用:
鳞翅目昆虫(鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)),例如小地老虎(Agrotis ypsilon)、黄地老虎(Agrotis segetum)、木棉虫(Alabama argillacea)、黎豆夜蛾(Anticarsia gemmatalis)、Argyresthia conjugella、叉纹夜蛾(Autographagamma)、树尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius)、Cacoecia murinana、Capuareticulana、Cheimatobia brumata、云杉色卷蛾(Choristoneurafumiferana)、Choristoneura occidentalis、二化螟(Cirphis unipuncta)、苹果小卷蛾(Cydia pomonella)、松毛虫(Dendrolimus pini)、Diaphanianitidalis、西南玉米杆草螟(Diatraea grandiosella)、埃及钻夜蛾(Eariasinsulana)、南美玉米苗斑螟(Elasmopalpus lignosellus)、女贞细卷蛾(Eupoecilia ambiguella)、Evetria bouliana、Feltia subterranea、蜡螟(Galleria mellonella)、李小食心虫(Grapholitha funebrana)、梨小食心虫(Grapholitha molesta)、棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera)、烟芽夜蛾(Heliothisvirescens)、玉米穗虫(Heliothis zea)、菜螟(Hellula undalis)、Hiberniadefoliaria、美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea)、苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeuta malinellus)、番茄虫蛾(Keiferia lycopersicella)、Lambdina fiscellaria、甜菜夜蛾(Laphygma exigua)、咖啡潜叶蛾(Leucoptera coffeella)、旋纹潜蛾(Leucoptera scitella)、Lithocolletis blancardella、葡萄浆果小卷蛾(Lobesiabotrana)、甜菜网螟(Loxostege sticticalis)、舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)、模毒蛾(Lymantria monacha)、桃潜蛾(Lyonetia clerkella)、黄褐天幕毛虫(Malacosoma neustria)、甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestra brassicae)、黄杉毒蛾(Orgyiapseudotsugata)、玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis)、小眼夜蛾(Panolis flammea)、棉花红铃虫(Pectinophora gossypiella)、疆夜蛾(Peridroma saucia)、圆掌舟蛾(Phalera bucephala)、马铃薯麦蛾(Phthorimaea operculella)、柑桔潜叶蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、欧洲粉蝶(Pieris brassicae)、苜蓿绿夜蛾(Plathypena scabra)、菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、大豆夜蛾(Pseudoplusiaincludens)、Rhyacionia frustrana、Scrobipalpula absoluta、麦蛾(Sitotrogacerealella)、葡萄卷叶蛾(Sparganothis pilleriana)、草地夜蛾(Spodopterafrugiperda)、海灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera littoralis)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodopteralitura)、Thaumatopoea pityocampa、绿色橡木飞蛾(Tortrix viridana)、粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)和Zeiraphera canadensis,
甲虫(鞘翅目(Coleoptera)),例如梨窄吉丁(Agrilus sinuatus)、直条叩头虫(Agriotes lineatus)、暗色叩头虫(Agriotes obscurus)、Amphimallussolstitialis、Anisandrus dispar、墨西哥棉铃象(Anthonomus grandis)、苹花象(Anthonomus pomorum)、Aphthona euphoridae、Athoushaemorrhoidalis、甜菜隐食甲(Atomaria linearis)、纵坑切梢小蠹(Blastophagus piniperda)、Blitophaga undata、蚕豆象(Bruchusrufimanus)、豌豆象(Bruchus pisorum)、欧洲兵豆象(Bruchus lentis)、苹卷象(Byctiscus betulae)、甜菜大龟甲(Cassida nebulosa)、Cerotomatrifurcata、金花金龟(Cetonia aurata)、白菜籽龟象(Ceuthorrhynchusassimilis)、芫菁龟象(Ceuthorrhynchus napi)、甜菜胫跳甲(Chaetocnematibialis)、Conoderus vespertinus、石刁柏负泥虫(Crioceris asparagi)、Ctenicera ssp.、长角叶甲(Diabrotica longicornis)、Diabroticasemipunctata、Diabrotica 12-punctata、南美叶甲(Diabrotica speciosa)、玉 米根叶甲(Diabrotica virgifera)、墨西哥豆瓢虫(Epilachna varivestis)、烟草跳甲(Epitrix hirtipennis)、棉灰蒙象变种(Eutinobothrus brasiliensis)、欧洲松树皮象(Hylobius abietis)、埃及苜蓿叶象(Hypera brunneipennis)、紫苜蓿叶象(Hypera postica)、云杉八齿小蠹(Ips typographus)、烟草负泥虫(Lema bilineata)、黑角负泥虫(Lema melanopus)、马铃薯叶甲(Leptinotarsadecemlineata)、Limonius californicus、稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrusoryzophilus)、Melanotus communis、油菜露尾甲(Meligethes aeneus)、大栗鳃金龟(Melolontha hippocastani)、五月鳃金龟(Melolontha melolontha)、水稻负泥虫(Oulema oryzae)、葡萄黑耳喙象(Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus)、草莓根象甲(Otiorrhynchus ovatus)、辣根猿叶甲(Phaedon cochleariae)、梨树叶象(Phyllobius pyri)、Phyllotreta chrysocephala、食叶鳃金龟属(Phyllophaga sp.)、庭园发丽金龟(Phyllopertha horticola)、大豆淡足跳甲(Phyllotreta nemorum)、黄曲条菜跳甲(Phyllotreta striolata)、日本金龟子(Popillia japonica)、豌豆叶象(Sitona lineatus)和谷象(Sitophilus granaria),
蝇、蚊(双翅目(Diptera)),例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegyptii)、白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)、剌扰伊蚊(Aedes vexans)、墨西哥果蝇(Anastrephaludens)、五斑按蚊(Anopheles maculipennis)、Anopheles crucians、白足按蚊(Anopheles albimanus)、冈比亚按蚊(Anopheles gambiae)、Anophelesfreeborni、海南岛白踝按蚊(Anopheles leucosphyrus)、云南微小按蚊(Anopheles minimus)、四斑按蚊(Anopheles quadrimaculatus)、红头丽蝇(Calliphora vicina)、地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)、蛆症金蝇(Chrysomyabezziana)、Chrysomya hominivorax、Chrysomya macellaria、鹿蝇(Chrysops discalis)、Chrysops silacea、Chrysops atlanticus、螺旋蝇(Cochliomyia hominivorax)、高粱瘿蚊(Contarinia sorghicola)、嗜人瘤蝇蛆(Cordylobia anthropophaga)、狂怒库蠓(Culicoides furens)、尖音库蚊(Culex pipiens)、斑蚊(Culex nigripalpus)、致倦库蚊(Culexquinquefasciatus)、媒斑蚊(Culex tarsalis)、Culiseta inornata、Culisetamelanura、瓜蝇(Dacus cucurbitae)、油橄榄实蝇(Dacus oleae)、油菜叶瘿蚊(Dasineura brassicae)、Delia antique、麦地种蝇(Delia coarctata)、灰地 种蝇(Delia platura)、甘蓝地种蝇(Delia radicum)、Dermatobia hominis、小毛厕蝇(Fannia canicularis)、Geomyza Tripunctata、马蝇(Gasterophilus intestinalis)、刺舌蝇(Glossina morsitans)、须舌蝇(Glossina palpalis)、Glossina fuscipes、胶舌蝇(Glossina tachinoides)、Haematobia irritans、Haplodiplosis equestris、潜蝇属(Hippelates spp.)、花生田灰地种蝇(Hylemyia platura)、纹皮蝇(Hypoderma lineata)、Leptoconops torrens、蔬菜斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae)、美国潜叶蝇(Liriomyza trifolii)、Lucilia caprina、铜绿蝇(Lucilia cuprina)、丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata)、Lycoria pectoralis、Mansonia titillanus、麦瘿蚊(Mayetiola destructor)、家蝇(Musca domestica)、厩腐蝇(Muscinastabulans)、羊狂蝇(Oestrus ovis)、Opomyza florum、欧洲麦秆蝇(Oscinellafrit)、天仙子泉蝇(Pegomya hysocyami)、葱蝇(Phorbia antiqua)、萝卜蝇(Phorbia brassicae)、麦地种蝇(Phorbia coarctata)、银足白蛉(Phlebotomusargentipes)、Psorophora columbiae、胡萝卜茎蝇(Psila rosae)、Psorophora discolor、Prosimulium mixtum、樱桃实蝇(Rhagoletiscerasi)、苹果实蝇(Rhagoletis pomonella)、赤尾麻蝇(Sarcophagahaemorrhoidalis)、肉蝇属(Sarcophaga)、Simulium vittatum、厩螫蝇(Stomoxys calcitrans)、牛虻(Tabanus bovinus)、Tabanus atratus、红色原虻(Tabanus lineola)、Tabanus similis、Tipula oleracea和欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa),
蓟马(缨翅目(Thysanoptera)),例如兰花蓟马(Dichromothripscorbetti)、Dichromothrips ssp.、烟褐蓟马(Frankliniella fusca)、苜蓿花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、东方花蓟马(Frankliniella tritici)、桔硬蓟马(Scirtothrips citri)、稻蓟马(Thrips oryzae)、棕榈蓟马(Thrips palmi)和烟蓟马(Thrips tabaci),
白蚁(等翅目(Isoptera)),例如Calotermes flavicollis、Leucotermesflavipes、金黄异白蚁(Heterotermes aureus)、黄肢散白蚁(Reticulitermesflavipes)、美小黑散白蚁(Reticulitermes virginicus)、欧洲散白蚁(Reticulitermes lucifugus)、Termes natalensis和台湾乳白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus),
蟑螂(蜚蠊目(Blattaria-Blattodea),例如德国小蠊(Blattellagermanica)、Blattella asahinae、美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)、日本大蠊(Periplaneta japonica)、棕色蜚蠊(Periplaneta brunnea)、Periplanetafuligginosa、澳洲蜚蠊(Periplaneta australasiae)和东方蜚蠊(Blattaorientalis),
真正臭虫(半翅目(Hemiptera)),例如拟绿蝽(Acrosternum hilare)、玉米长蝽(Blissus leucopterus)、黑斑烟盲蝽(Cyrtopeltis notatus)、棉红蝽(Dysdercus cingulatus)、Dysdercus intermedius、麦扁盾蝽(Eurygasterintegriceps)、烟草蝽(Euschistus impictiventris)、棉红铃喙缘蝽(Leptoglossus phyllopus)、美洲牧草盲蝽(Lygus lineolaris)、牧草盲蝽(Lygus pratensis)、稻绿蝽(Nezara viridula)、甜菜拟网蝽(Piesmaquadrata)、Solubea insularis、Thyanta perditor、Acyrthosiphononobrychis、落叶松球蚜(Adelges laricis)、Aphidula nasturtii、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae)、草莓根蚜(Aphis forbesi)、苹果蚜(Aphis pomi)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、北美茶簏子蚜(Aphis grossulariae)、希奈德蚜(Aphisschneideri)、卷叶蚜(Aphis spiraecola)、接骨木蚜(Aphis sambuci)、豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)、茄无网蚜(Aulacorthum solani)、银叶粉虱(Bemisia argentifolii)、飞廉短尾蚜(Brachycaudus cardui)、李短尾蚜(Brachycaudus helichrysi)、桃短尾蚜(Brachycaudus persicae)、Brachycaudus prunicola、甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、Capitophorushorni、Cerosipha gossypii、草莓中瘤钉毛蚜(Chaetosiphon fragaefolii)、茶镳隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis)、高加索冷杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusianordmannianae)、云杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusia piceae)、居根西圆尾蚜(Dysaphisradicola)、Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani、车前圆尾蚜(Dysaphisplantaginea)、梨西圆尾蚜(Dysaphis pyri)、蚕豆微叶蝉(Empoascafabae)、桃大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni)、Hyperomyzus lactucae、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)、大戟长管蚜(Macrosiphum euphorbiae)、蔷薇管蚜(Macrosiphon rosae)、巢莱修尾蚜(Megoura viciae)、Melanaphis pyrarius、麦无网蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum)、Myzodes persicae、冬葱瘤额蚜(Myzus ascalonicus)、Myzus cerasi、李瘤蚜(Myzus varians)、黑茶镳子衲长管蚜(Nasonovia ribis-nigri)、稻飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、囊柄瘿绵蚜(Pemphigus bursarius)、蔗飞虱(Perkinsiella saccharicida)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli)、苹木虱(Psylla mali)、梨木虱(Psylla piri)、冬葱瘤蛾蚜(Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus)、玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)、禾谷溢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、苹草缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum insertum)、Sappaphis mala、Sappaphis mali、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)、Schizoneura lanuginosa、麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)、白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、桔二叉蚜(Toxoptera aurantiiand)、葡萄根瘤蚜(Viteus vitifolii)、温带臭虫(Cimex lectularius)、热带臭虫(Cimexhemipterus)、Reduvius senilis、Triatoma属和Arilus critatus。
蚂蚁、蜜蜂、黄蜂、锯蝇(膜翅目(Hymenoptera)),例如新疆菜叶蜂(Athalia rosae)、切叶蚁(Atta cephalotes)、Atta capiguara、Atta laevigata、Atta robusta、Atta sexdens、Atta texana、举腹蚁属(Crematogaster)、Hoplocampa minuta、Hoplocampa testudinea、小黄家蚁(Monomoriumpharaonis)、热带火蚁(Solenopsis geminate)、红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta)、黑火蚁(Solenopsis richteri)、南方火蚁(Solenopsis xyloni)、红蚂蚁(Pogonomyrmex barbatus)、Pogonomyrmex californicus、Pheidolemegacephala、天鹅绒蚂蚁(Dasymutilla occidentalis)、熊蜂属(Bombus)、大黄蜂(Vespula squamosa)、Paravespula vulgaris、Paravespulapennsylvanica、Paravespula germanica、姬胡蜂(Dolichovespula maculata)、黄边胡蜂(Vespa crabro)、胡蜂(Polistes rubiginosa)、Camponotusfloridanus和阿根廷蚁(Linepithema humile),
蟋蟀、蚱蜢、蝗虫(直翅目(Orthoptera)),例如居屋艾蟋(Achetadomestica)、蝼蛄(Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa)、飞蝗(Locusta migratoria)、双纹黑蝗(Melanoplus bivittatus)、红足黑蝗(Melanoplus femurrubrum)、墨西哥黑蝗(Melanoplus mexicanus)、迁飞黑蝗(Melanoplus sanguinipes)、石栖黑蝗(Melanoplus spretus)、条纹红蝗(Nomadacris septemfasciata)、美洲 沙漠蝗(Schistocerca americana)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)、摩洛哥戟纹蝗(Dociostaurus maroccanus)、庭疾灶螽(Tachycines asynamorus)、塞纳加尔小车蝗(Oedaleus senegalensis)、Zonozerus variegatus、非洲蔗蝗(Hieroglyphus daganensis)、Kraussaria angulifera、意大利蝗(Calliptamusitalicus)、澳洲草栖蝗(Chortoicetes terminifera)和褐色拟飞蝗(Locustanapardalina),
蜘蛛纲(Arachnoidea)),如蜘蛛(蜱螨目(Acarina)),例如软蜱科(Argasidae)、硬蜱科(Ixodidae)和疥螨科(Sarcoptidae),如长星形壁虱(Amblyomma americanum)、热带花蜱(Amblyomma variegatum)、Ambryomma maculatum、波斯锐缘蜱(Argas persicus)、牛壁虱(Boophilusannulatus)、Boophilus decoloratus、微小牛蜱(Boophilus microplus)、Dermacentor silvarum、安氏革蜱(Dermacentor andersoni)、美洲大革蜱(Dermacentor variabilis)、Hyalomma truncatum、蓖子硬蜱(Ixodesricinus)、Ixodes rubicundus、黑脚硬蜱(Ixodes scapularis)、全环硬蜱(Ixodesholocyclus)、太平洋硬蜱(Ixodes pacificus)、Ornithodorus moubata、Ornithodorus hermsi、Ornithodorus turicata、柏氏禽刺螨(Ornithonyssusbacoti)、Otobius megnini、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae)、绵羊疥病(Psoroptes ovis)、Rhipicephalus sanguineus、Rhipicephalusappendiculatus、Rhipicephalus evertsi、人疥螨(Sarcoptes scabiei),瘿螨(Eriophyidae)属,如苹果刺锈螨(Aculus schlechtendali)、Phyllocoptrataoleivora和Eriophyes sheldoni;细螨(Tarsonemidae)属,如Phytonemuspallidus和侧多食跗线螨(Polyphagotarsonemus latus);细须螨(Tenuipalpidae)属,如紫红短须螨(Brevipalpus phoenicis);叶螨(Tetranychidae)属,如朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)、神泽叶螨(Tetranychus kanzawai)、太平洋叶螨(Tetranychus pacificus)、棉叶螨(Tetranychus telarius)和二点叶螨(Tetranychus urticae),苹果叶螨(Panonychus ulmi)、柑椐叶螨(Panonychus citri)和草地小爪螨(Oligonychuspratensis);蜘蛛目(Araneida),例如毒蜘蛛(Latrodectus mactans)和褐丝蛛(Loxosceles reclusa),
跳蚤(蚤目(Siphonaptera)),例如猫跳蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)、狗跳蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)、印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、致痒蚤(Pulexirritans)、穿皮潜蚤(Tunga penetrans)和具带病蚤(Nosopsyllus fasciatus),
衣鱼、家衣鱼(缨尾目(Thysanura)),例如西洋衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)和斑衣鱼(Thermobia domestica),
百足虫(唇足纲(Chilopoda)),例如Scutigera coleoptrata,
千足虫(倍足纲(Diplopoda)),例如Narceus属,
蠼蛸(革翅目(Dermaptera)),例如欧洲球螋(forficula auricularia),
虱(毛虱目(Phthiraptera)),例如人头虱(Pediculus humanus capitis)、人体虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)、阴虱(Pthirus pubis)、牛血虱(Haematopinus eurysternus)、猪血虱(Haematopinus suis)、牛颚虱(Linognathus vituli)、Bovicola bovis、鸡虱(Menopon gallinae)、Menacanthus stramineus和Solenopotes capillatus,
植物寄生线虫如根结线虫,花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria)、奇氏根结线虫(Meloidogyne chitwoodi)、短小根结线虫(Meloidogyne exigua)、北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyneincognita)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)和其他根结线虫属(Meloidogyne);胞囊线虫,马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis)、马铃薯白线虫(Globodera pallida)、烟草胞囊线虫(Globodera tabacum)和其他球胞囊线虫属(Globodera);禾谷胞囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)、大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)、甜菜胞囊线虫(Heterodera schachtii)、三叶草胞囊线虫(Heterodera trifolii)和其他胞囊线虫属(Heterodera);种子肿瘿线虫,剪股颖粒线虫(Anguina funesta)、小麦粒线虫(Anguina tritici)和其他粒线虫属(Anguina);茎叶线虫,水稻干尖线虫(Aphelenchoides besseyi)、草莓滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides fragariae)、菊花滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoidesritzemabosi)和其他滑刃线虫属(Aphelenchoides);刺线虫,杂草刺线虫(Belonolaimus longicaudatus)和其他针刺线虫属(Belonolaimus);松线虫,松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)和其他伞滑刃线虫属(Bursaphelenchus);环形线虫,环纹线虫属(Criconema)、小环线虫属 (Criconemella)、轮线虫属(Criconemoides)和中环线虫属(Mesocriconema);球茎线虫,腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)、甘薯茎线虫(Ditylenchusdipsaci)、蘑菇茎线虫(Ditylenchus myceliophagus)和其他茎线虫属(Ditylenchus);锥线虫,锥线虫属(Dolichodorus);螺旋形线虫,双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、多带螺旋(Heliocotylenchus multicinctus)和其他螺旋线虫属,强壮盘旋线虫(Rotylenchus robustus)和其他盘旋线虫属(Rotylenchus);鞘线虫,鞘线虫属(Hemicycliophora)和Hemicriconemoides属;Hirshmanniella属;冠线虫,哥伦比亚纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus columbus)、帽状纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus galeatus)和其他纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus)属;伪根结线虫,异常珍珠线虫(Nacobbus aberrans)和其他珍珠线虫属(Nacobbus);针线虫,伸展长针线虫(Longidorus elongatus)和其他长针线虫属(Longidorus);针线虫,针线虫属(Paratylenchus);根腐线虫,最短尾短体线虫(Pratylenchus brachyurus)、咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)、Pratylenchus curvitatus、古迪短体线虫(Pratylenchus goodeyi)、疏忽短体线虫(Pratylenchus neglectus)、穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、斯克里布纳短体线虫(Pratylenchusscribneri)、伤残短体线虫(Pratylenchus vulnus)、玉米短体线虫(Pratylenchus zeae)和其他短体线虫属(Pratylenchus);Radinaphelenchuscocophilus和其他Radinaphelenchus属;穿孔线虫,香蕉穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)和其他穿孔线虫属(Radopholus);肾形线虫,肾形肾脏线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)和其他肾状线虫属(Rotylenchulus);盾线虫属(Scutellonema);残根线虫,原始毛刺线虫(Trichodorus primitivus)和其他毛刺线虫属(Trichodorus);较小类毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus minor)和其他类毛刺属(Paratrichodorus);阻长线虫,克莱顿矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus claytoni)、不定矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus dubius)以及其他矮化线虫属(Tylenchorhynchus)和节纹线虫属(Merlinius);柑桔线虫,柑桔半穿刺线虫(Tylenchulus semipenetrans)和其他小垫刃线虫属(Tylenchulus);剑线虫,美洲剑线虫(Xiphinema americanum)、标准剑线虫(Xiphinema index)、裂尾剑线虫(Xiphinema diversicaudatum)和其他剑 线虫属(Xiphinema);以及其他植物寄生线虫。
此外,本发明混合物尤其用于防治鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、缨翅目和膜翅目。
此外,本发明混合物尤其用于防治非作物害虫(家庭、草皮、观赏植物)。
可将本发明混合物施用于害虫的任何和所有发育阶段,例如虫卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫。可以通过使目标害虫、其食物供应源、栖息地、繁殖地或其场所与杀虫有效量的本发明混合物或包含所述混合物的组合物接触而防治害虫。
“场所”是指其中害虫生长或会生长的植物、种子、土壤、区域、材料或环境。
杀虫有效量”通常指对生长获得可观察到的效果所需要的本发明混合物或包含所述混合物的组合物的量,所述效果包括坏死、死亡、阻滞、预防和去除效果,破坏效果或减少目标生物体的出现和活动的效果。对于在本发明中使用的各种混合物/组合物,杀虫有效量可以变化。混合物/组合物的杀虫有效量也会根据主要条件如所需杀虫效果及持续时间、天气、目标物种、场所、施用方式等而变化。
本发明混合物或这些混合物的组合物还可以用于保护植物免受昆虫、螨虫或线虫侵袭或侵染,包括与植物或植物生长的土壤或水体接触。
对本发明而言,术语植物是指整个植物、植物部分或植物的繁殖材料,即种子或秧苗。
可用本发明混合物处理的植物包括所有的基因修饰植物或转基因植物,例如由于包括基因工程方法在内的育种而耐受除草剂或杀真菌剂或杀虫剂作用的作物,或与存在的植物相比具有通过传统育种方法和/或产生突变体或通过重组程序而产生的修饰特征的植物。
一些本发明混合物具有内吸作用且因此可用于保护植物枝抵抗叶面害虫以及用于处理种子和根以抵抗土壤害虫。术语种子处理包括本领域已知的所有合适的种子处理技术,例如拌种、种子包衣、种子撒粉、种子浸泡和种子造粒。
化合物I和一种或多种化合物II可以同时,即联合或分开施用或依次 施用,在分开施用的情况下施用顺序通常对防治措施的结果没有任何影响。
化合物I和一种或多种化合物II可通常以5000∶1-1∶5000,通常是500∶1-1∶100,优选20∶1-1∶50,尤其是5∶1-1∶20的重量比施用。
取决于所需效果,本发明混合物的施用率为5-2000g/ha,优选50-1500g/ha,尤其是50-750g/ha。
本发明混合物还适用于保护种子和秧苗的根和枝,优选种子以对抗土壤害虫。
尤其用于种子处理的组合物例如为:
A可溶性浓缩物(SL、LS)
D乳液(EW、EO、ES)
E悬浮液(SC、OD、FS)
F水分散性颗粒和水溶性颗粒(WG、SG)
G水分散性粉末和水溶性粉末(WP、SP、WS)
H凝胶配制剂(GF)
I可撒粉粉末(DP、DS)
常规种子处理配制剂例如包括可流动浓缩物FS、溶液LS、用于干燥处理的粉末DS、用于浆料处理的水分散性粉末WS、水溶性粉末SS和乳液ES和EC和凝胶配制剂GF。这些配制剂可稀释或不经稀释而施用于种子。对种子的施用在播种之前直接对种子进行或在使种子预萌发后进行。优选FS配制剂。
在种子处理中,取决于所需效果和种子的种类,本发明混合物的施用率通常为每100kg种子0.001至10kg。施用率优选为1-1000g/100kg种子,更优选1-750g/100kg,尤其是5-500g/100kg种子。化合物I和II或化合物I和II的混合物的分开或联合施用通过在植物播种之前或之后或植物出苗之前或之后对种子、秧苗、植物或土壤喷雾或撒粉而进行。
本发明还涉及植物的繁殖产品,特别是包含,即涂覆和/或含有下列物质的种子:如上所定义的混合物,或含有两种或更多种活性成分的混合物的组合物,或两种或更多种各自提供活性成分之一的组合物的混合物。种子以每100kg种子0.1g至10kg的量包含本发明混合物。
本发明混合物通过接触(经由土壤、玻璃、墙壁、床网、地毯、植物部分或动物部分)和进食(诱饵或植物部分)以及通过交哺和转移起作用。
优选施用方法为施入水体,经由土壤、裂缝和裂隙、牧场、粪肥堆、下水道施用,施入水中,施用于地板、墙壁上,或通过周围喷雾施用和诱饵施用。
根据本发明的另一优选实施方案,为了用于对抗非作物害虫如蚂蚁、白蚁、黄蜂、蝇、蚊子、蟋蟀、蝗虫或蟑螂,将本发明混合物制备成诱饵制剂。
诱饵可以是液体、固体或半固体制剂(例如凝胶)。用于组合物中的诱饵是具有足够的吸引力以刺激诸如蚂蚁、白蚁、黄蜂、蝇、蚊子、蟋蟀等的昆虫或蟑螂食用它的产品。该吸引剂可以选自本领域易于知道的进食刺激剂或伪和/或性信息素。
用本发明混合物及其各自的组合物防治由昆虫传播的传染病(例如疟疾、登革热和黄热病、淋巴丝虫病和利什曼病(leishmaniasis))的方法也包括处理房屋表面、空气喷雾和浸渍窗帘、帐篷、衣物、床网、舌蝇捕捉器或类似物。施用于纤维、织物、针织品、非织造物、网状材料或箔片和防水布的杀虫组合物优选包含包括本发明混合物、任选驱除剂和至少一种粘合剂的组合物。
本发明混合物和包含它们的组合物可用于保护木质材料如树木、护栏、枕木等,以及建筑物如房子、附属建筑物、工厂,还有建筑材料、家具、皮革、纤维、聚氯乙烯制品、电线和电缆等以防蚂蚁和/或白蚁,并防止蚂蚁和白蚁损害作物或人类(例如当害虫侵入房子和公共设施时)。
在土壤处理或施用于害虫栖息地或巢穴的情况下,活性成分的施用量为0.0001-500g/100m2,优选0.001-20g/100m2。
材料保护中的通常施用率例如为每平方米处理材料0.01-1000g活性化合物,理想的是每平方米0.1-50g活性化合物。
用于材料浸渍的杀虫组合物通常含有0.001-95重量%,优选0.1-45重量%,更优选1-25重量%至少一种驱除剂和/或杀虫剂。
用于诱饵组合物的活性成分的典型含量为0.0001-15重量%,理想的是 0.001-5重量%活性化合物。所用组合物还可以包含其它添加剂如活性材料的溶剂、调味剂、防腐剂、染料或苦味剂。其吸引力还可以通过特殊颜色、形状或结构而增强。
用于喷雾组合物的活性成分混合物含量为0.001-80重量%,优选0.01-50重量%,最优选0.01-15重量%。
用于处理作物的活性成分混合物的施用率可为每公顷0.1-4000g,理想的是每公顷25-600g,更理想的是每公顷50-500g。
本发明的目的还为提供适用于处理、防治、预防和保护,包括人在内的温血动物和鱼对抗害虫侵袭和侵染的混合物。在动物和/或人身上或体内的害虫防治中可能遇到的问题类似于开头所述的那些,即需要降低剂量率和/或改进的活性谱和/或结合了击倒活性和长期防治和/或耐药性管理。
本发明还提供了一种处理、防治、预防和保护包括人的温血动物和鱼对抗蚤目、膜翅目、半翅目、直翅目、蜱螨目、毛虱目和双翅目的害虫侵袭和侵染的方法,其包括将杀虫有效量的本发明混合物口服、局部或肠胃外给药或施用于所述动物。
本发明还提供了一种制备用于处理、防治、预防或保护温血动物或鱼对抗蚤目、膜翅目、半翅目、直翅目、蜱螨目、毛虱目和双翅目害虫侵袭和侵染的组合物的方法,该组合物包含杀虫有效量的本发明混合物。
上述方法尤其用于防治和预防在温血动物如牛、绵羊、猪、骆驼、鹿、马、家禽、山羊、狗和猫以及人中的侵袭和侵染。
在温血动物和鱼中的侵袭包括但不限于虱、叮咬虱、蜱、鼻蝇、羊蜱蝇(keds)、叮咬蝇、家蝇(muscoid flies)、蝇、蝇蛆幼虫、恙螨、蚋、蚊子和跳蚤,其可由本发明混合物防治、预防或消除。
对于温血动物的口服给药,可将本发明混合物配制成动物饲料、动物饲料预混物、动物饲料浓缩物、丸剂、溶液、糊、悬浮液、浸液、凝胶、片剂、大丸剂和胶囊。此外,本发明混合物可在其饮用水中给药于动物。对于口服给药,所选剂型应给动物提供0.01-100mg/kg动物体重/天的混合物。
或者,本发明混合物可以肠胃外给药于动物,例如通过腔内 (intraruminal)、肌内、静脉内或皮下注射。本发明混合物可以分散或溶于对于皮下注射而言生理上可接受的载体中。或者,可以将本发明混合物配制成皮下给药用植入物。此外,本发明混合物可以透皮(transdermally)给药于动物。对于肠胃外给药,所选剂型应给动物提供0.01-100mg/kg动物体重/天的混合物。
本发明混合物还可以浸洗液、粉剂、粉末、项圈、挂牌(medallions)、喷雾剂、蘸点(spot-on)和喷淋配制剂形式局部施用于动物。对于局部施用,浸洗液和喷雾剂通常含有0.5-5,000ppm,优选1-3,000ppm本发明化合物。此外,本发明混合物可以配制成动物,尤其是四足动物如牛和绵羊用耳贴。
生物实施例:
1)杀真菌作用
化合物和混合物的杀真菌效果可通过下列试验证实:
将活性化合物单独或联合制成包含0.25重量%活性化合物的在丙酮或DMSO中的储备溶液。将1重量%乳化剂UniperolEL(具有乳化和分散作用的基于乙氧基化烷基酚的润湿剂)加入该溶液,并用水将混合物稀释至所需浓度。
将肉眼测定的侵染叶面积百分数转化成以未处理对照的%表示的效力。
使用Abbot公式按如下计算效力(E):
E=(1-α/β)·100
α对应于处理植物的真菌侵染百分数,和
β对应于未处理(对照)植物的真菌侵染百分数。
效力为0表示处理植物的侵染水平相当于未处理的对照植物;效力为100表示处理植物未受侵染。
活性化合物的混合物的预期效力使用Colby公式[Colby S.R.,“计算除草剂组合的协同增效和拮抗响应”,Weeds(杂草),15,第20-22页,1967)]确定并与观察的效力比较。
Colby公式:E=x+y-x·y/100
E使用浓度为a和b的活性化合物A和B的混合物时的预期效力,以相对 于未处理对照的%表示,
x使用浓度为a的活性化合物A时的效力,以相对于未处理对照的%表示,
y使用浓度为b的活性化合物B时的效力,以相对于未处理对照的%表示。
应用实施例1-对由宫部旋孢腔菌引起的褐斑病的杀真菌防治(保护性)
将盆栽稻秧苗的叶片用由储备溶液制备的活性成分浓度如下所述的含水悬浮液喷雾至滴流点。使植物风干。第二天将植物用宫部旋孢腔菌的含水孢子悬浮液接种。接着将试验植物立即转移至潮湿室中。在22-24℃和接近100%的相对湿度下6天后,以害病叶面积%肉眼评估叶片上真菌侵袭的程度。
试验结果显示,由于强效协同增效作用,本发明混合物的活性显著高于使用Colby公式预测的活性。
2)对抗动物害虫的作用
以下测试显示本发明化合物、混合物或组合物对特定害虫的防治效力。然而,由所述化合物、混合物或组合物提供的害虫防治保护作用并不限于这些物种。在某些情况下,发现本发明化合物与其它无脊椎害虫防治化合物或试剂的组合显示出对抗某些重要的无脊椎害虫的协同增效效果。
使用Colby方程确定混合物或组合物之间的协同增效作用或拮抗作用分析。
应用实施例2
为了评估通过接触或内吸措施对巢莱修尾蚜(Megoura viciae)的防治,试验单元由含有蚕豆叶片的24孔微滴定板组成。
使用含有75%水和25%DMSO的溶液配制化合物或混合物。使用定做的微雾化器将不同浓度的配制的化合物或混合物以2.5μl喷雾至叶片上,重复两次。
对于这些试验中的实验混合物,将相同体积的两种混合搭配物在各自所需浓度下混合在一起。
施用后,将叶片风干且将5-8只蚜虫成虫置于微滴定板孔内的叶片上。接着使蚜虫在经处理的叶片上吮吸且在23±1℃,50±5%RH下孵化5天。接着肉眼评估蚜虫的死亡率及繁殖力。
在该试验中,使用化合物I-8,和N-(3′,4′-二氯-5-氟联苯-2-基)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基吡唑-4-甲酰胺(化合物2.1),以及5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶(化合物2.2)。
获得如下结果:
巢莱修尾蚜 | ppm | 平均防治% |
I-8 | 0.5 | 0 |
I-8 | 2.5 | 0 |
2.1 | 1000 | 0 |
2.2 | 40 | 0 |
I-8+2.1 | 0.5+1000 | 100* |
I-8+2.2 | 2.5+40 | 75* |
*根据Colby方程的协同增效防治效果
应用实施例3
为了评估墨西哥棉铃象(Boll Weevil/Anthonomus grandis)的防治,试验单元由含有昆虫食物和20-30只墨西哥棉铃象虫卵的24孔微滴定板组成。
使用含有75%水和25%DMSO的溶液配制化合物或混合物。使用定做的微雾化器将不同浓度的配制的化合物或混合物以20μl喷雾至昆虫食物上,重复两次。
对于这些试验中的实验混合物,将相同体积的两种混合搭配物在各自所需浓度下混合在一起。
施用后,将微滴定板在23±1℃,50±5%RH下孵化5天。接着肉眼评估虫卵和幼虫的死亡率。
在该试验中,使用化合物I-8和N-[2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙氧基)-苯基]-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(化合物3.1),以及N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-1-甲基-3-二氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(化合物3.2)。
获得如下结果:
墨西哥棉铃象 | ppm | 平均防治% |
I-8 | 0.5 | 0 |
3.1 | 40 | 0 |
3.2 | 200 | 50 |
I-8+3.1 | 0.5+40 | 100* |
I-8+3.2 | 0.5+200 | 100* |
*根据Colby方程的协同增效防治效果
应用实施例4
为了评估通过内吸措施对桃蚜(Myzus persicae)的防治,试验单元由含有在人工膜下的液体人工食物的96孔微滴定板组成。
使用含有75%水和25%DMSO的溶液配制化合物或混合物。使用定做的移液管将不同浓度的配制的化合物或混合物移入蚜虫食物中,重复两次。
对于这些试验中的实验混合物,将相同体积的两种混合搭配物在各自所需浓度下混合在一起。
施用后,将5-8只蚜虫成虫置于微滴定板孔内的人工膜上。接着使蚜虫在经处理的蚜虫食物上吮吸且在23±1℃,50±5%RH下孵化3天。接着肉眼评估蚜虫的死亡率和繁殖力。对于所试验的混合物,结果列于表2中。
在该试验中,使用化合物I-8,以及5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶(化合物2.2),以及N-[2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙氧基)-苯基]-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(化合物3.1)。
获得如下结果:
桃蚜 | ppm | 平均防治% |
I-8 | 0.5 | 0 |
2.2 | 8 | 0 |
3.1 | 1000 | 0 |
I-8+2.2 | 0.5+8 | 75* |
I-8+3.1 | 0.5+1000 | 100* |
*根据Colby方程的协同增效防治效果
Claims (16)
2.根据权利要求1的农药混合物,其以1∶20-1∶5000的重量比包含式I化合物和化合物II。
3.根据权利要求1或2的农药混合物,其包含式I化合物3-溴-4′-氰基-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-2′-甲基-6′-(甲基氨基甲酰基)吡唑-5-甲酰苯胺作为组分1。
4.根据权利要求1或2的农药混合物,其包含化合物3-溴-4′-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-2′-甲基-6′-(甲基氨基甲酰基)吡唑-5-甲酰苯胺作为组分1。
5.一种农药组合物,其包含液体或固体载体和根据权利要求1-4中任一项的混合物。
6.一种防治昆虫、螨虫或线虫的非治疗方法,其包括使昆虫、螨虫或线虫或其食物供应源、栖息地、繁殖地或其场所与杀虫有效量的如权利要求1-4中任一项所定义的混合物接触。
7.一种保护植物免受昆虫、螨虫或线虫侵袭或侵染的方法,其包括使植物,或植物在其中生长的土壤或水体与杀虫有效量的如权利要求1-4中任一项所定义的混合物接触。
8.根据权利要求6或7的方法,其中以5-2000g/ha的量施用如权利要求1-4中任一项所要求的混合物。
9.一种保护种子的方法,其包括使种子与杀虫有效量的如权利要求1-4中任一项所定义的混合物接触。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其中以每100kg种子0.001g至10kg的量施用如权利要求1-4中任一项所要求的混合物。
11.一种处理种子的方法,其中以每100kg种子0.1g至10kg的量使用如权利要求1-4中任一项所要求的混合物。
12.根据权利要求6、7、9和10中任一项的方法,其中将如权利要求1-4中任一项所定义的式I化合物和化合物II同时,即联合或分开,或依次施用。
13.根据权利要求8的方法,其中将如权利要求1-4中任一项所定义的式I化合物和化合物II同时,即联合或分开,或依次施用。
14.用于处理、防治、预防或保护温血动物或鱼免受寄生虫侵袭或侵染的如权利要求1-4中任一项所定义的混合物,其中所述处理、防治、预防或保护包括将杀寄生虫有效量的如权利要求1-4中任一项所定义的混合物口服、局部或肠胃外给药或施用于所述动物或鱼。
15.一种制备用于处理、防治、预防或保护温血动物或鱼免受昆虫或螨虫侵袭或侵染的组合物的方法,所述组合物包含杀寄生虫有效量的如权利要求1-4中任一项所定义的混合物。
16.如权利要求1-4中任一项所定义的混合物在对抗昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫中的非治疗用途。
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US20130267545A1 (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2013-10-10 | Bayer Cropscience Lp | Method of improving plant growth by reducing fungal infections |
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JP2015530414A (ja) * | 2012-10-01 | 2015-10-15 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | アントラニルアミド化合物を含む殺有害生物活性混合物 |
CN103210938A (zh) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-07-24 | 北京燕化永乐农药有限公司 | 农药组合物 |
CN105076148A (zh) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-25 | 江苏龙灯化学有限公司 | 一种杀菌杀虫组合物 |
US11219211B2 (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2022-01-11 | Basf Agrochemical Products B.V. | Pesticidal mixture comprising a carboxamide compound and a biopesticide |
CN105010365B (zh) * | 2015-07-10 | 2018-11-16 | 广东中迅农科股份有限公司 | 水稻杀虫杀菌组合物 |
CN105010352B (zh) * | 2015-07-10 | 2018-08-14 | 广东中迅农科股份有限公司 | 一种杀虫杀菌组合物 |
CN105994347A (zh) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 洛阳市嘉创农业开发有限公司 | 含有溴氰虫酰胺、硅噻菌胺和吡唑醚菌酯的悬浮种衣剂 |
CN106106469A (zh) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-11-16 | 河北博嘉农业有限公司 | 一种含有n‑(氰烷基)苯甲酰胺类化合物和异噻菌胺的农业杀虫组合物 |
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