CN101515345A - Physical distribution geographical information system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及物流地理信息系统，应用于物流领域，特别是与时空物流信息相关的物流教学与培训中。The invention relates to a logistics geographic information system, which is applied in the field of logistics, especially in logistics teaching and training related to spatio-temporal logistics information.
背景技术 Background technique
现代物流科学已经发生了根本性的革命，如今全球范围内的货物流转效率更高，更迅速而且对其运转的监控也更加有效。近年来，许多涉入供应链与物流行业的实体为提高利润，都进行了一系列的项目研究与开发，以提高生产能力与生产效率。其实物流也涉及到地理位置信息领域，通过位置的变换与调运有时可以大大节省人力或物力成本，而现有的地理信息系统已经是很成熟的技术，如果能够充足而有效地利用地理位置信息和物流科学相结合，就可以使得物流行业更好更快地发展。Modern logistics science has undergone a fundamental revolution, and goods are now moving more efficiently, faster and more effectively monitored across the globe. In recent years, many entities involved in the supply chain and logistics industry have carried out a series of project research and development to improve production capacity and production efficiency in order to increase profits. In fact, logistics also involves the field of geographical location information. Through location transformation and transportation, sometimes manpower or material costs can be greatly saved. The existing geographic information system is already a very mature technology. The combination of logistics science can make the logistics industry develop better and faster.
地理信息系统是一门学科，是描述、存储、分析、输出空间信息理论和方法的一门新兴的交叉学科。地理信息系统又是一个技术系统，是以地理空间数据库为基础，采用地理模型分析方法，适时提供多种空间的和动态的地理信息的计算机技术系统。现在，地理信息系统正在经历一个前所未有的大发展时期，已经和正在地理逻辑、地理测绘、交通运输、公共事业、旅游服务、环境保护等方面发挥重要作用。Geographic Information System is a subject, a new interdisciplinary subject that describes, stores, analyzes and outputs spatial information theories and methods. Geographic information system is also a technical system, which is based on geographic spatial database, adopts geographic model analysis method, and provides a variety of spatial and dynamic geographic information in a timely manner. Now, geographic information system is experiencing an unprecedented period of great development, and it has played and is playing an important role in geographic logic, geographic surveying and mapping, transportation, public utilities, tourism services, and environmental protection.
在物流教学和培训过程中，许多物流概念与地理位置有关，许多物流业务流程中有空间位置的转换，不少模型分析、决策分析中涉及到地理要素，但目前普遍缺乏一些直观的、形象化的教学资源和手段，特别是图例和流程的演示。In the process of logistics teaching and training, many logistics concepts are related to geographical location, many logistics business processes have the transformation of spatial location, and many model analysis and decision analysis involve geographical elements, but currently there is a general lack of some intuitive and visual teaching resources and means, especially illustrations and process demonstrations.
因此，在物流教学培训活动中，如果能够使用可视化的地理信息系统软件进行教学、实验、考核等，将有助于学生掌握丰富的物流地理知识，取得很好的效果。经过文献检索、实地调研等工作，发现目前国内外在“物流地理信息系统”方面鲜有报道和论述，更未发现已经投入使用的系统，本发明的必要性和创新性是显而易见的。Therefore, in the logistics teaching and training activities, if the visual geographic information system software can be used for teaching, experimentation, assessment, etc., it will help students master a wealth of logistics geography knowledge and achieve good results. Through document retrieval, on-the-spot research and other work, it is found that there are few reports and discussions on "logistics geographic information system" at home and abroad, and no system that has been put into use has been found. The necessity and innovation of the present invention are obvious.
物流和地理其实是相关联的，如果能有效地结合两者，可给人们提供很多方便。Logistics and geography are actually related. If the two can be effectively combined, it can provide people with a lot of convenience.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供物流地理信息系统，应用于物流领域特别是与时空物流信息相关的物流教学与培训中，使得物流教学活动更加直观和形象，从而使学生能快速有效的掌握物流知识。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a logistics geographic information system, which is applied in the field of logistics, especially in logistics teaching and training related to spatio-temporal logistics information, so that the logistics teaching activities are more intuitive and vivid, so that students can quickly and effectively grasp logistics knowledge.
为了解决上述问题本发明的技术方案是这样的：In order to solve the problems referred to above, technical scheme of the present invention is like this:
物流地理信息系统，包括由矢量数据、栅格影像数据构成的GIS图形数据库、物流经济数据库和网络数据集，其特点是，它还包括各种物流模型、物流流程、物流场景和物流经济分析专题图表。Logistics geographic information system, including GIS graphic database, logistics economic database and network data set composed of vector data and raster image data. Its characteristic is that it also includes various logistics models, logistics processes, logistics scenarios and logistics economic analysis topics chart.
所述网络数据集由数据库中的道路矢量数据构建，定义一系列规则将道路矢量数据转换为可进行路径分析的网络分析数据。The network data set is constructed from road vector data in the database, and a series of rules are defined to transform the road vector data into network analysis data for path analysis.
所述物流流程和物流模型建立在生成的网络数据集上；所述物流场景建立在矢量数据和影像数据之上；所述经济分析专题图表建立在经济数据库之上。The logistics process and logistics model are established on the generated network data set; the logistics scene is established on the vector data and image data; the economic analysis thematic chart is established on the economic database.
所述物流模型在网络数据集的基础上，使物流模型能够在实际道路上得到优化结果并显示出来；所述物流模型，利用了由道路属性数据和一系列实际规则定义生成的网络数据集，将物流中的模型和实际情况相结合。On the basis of the network data set, the logistics model enables the logistics model to obtain and display optimization results on the actual road; the logistics model utilizes the network data set generated by road attribute data and a series of actual rule definitions, Combine models and reality in logistics.
所述物流流程在网络数据采集的基础上，使物流流程能构在实际道路上进行动态模拟；所述的物流流程，利用了由道路属性数据和一系列实际规则定义生成的网络数据集，将物流中的流程在实际的地图上进行动态模拟。On the basis of network data collection, the logistics process can be dynamically simulated on the actual road; the logistics process uses the network data set generated by the road attribute data and a series of actual rule definitions, and the Processes in logistics are dynamically simulated on actual maps.
所述物流场景在矢量数据和影像数据的基础上，使一些典型的物流场景能显示在计算机屏幕上；The logistics scene is based on the vector data and image data, so that some typical logistics scenes can be displayed on the computer screen;
所述物流经济分析专题图表在物流经济数据基础上将万年物流经济数据用图表的形式显示给用户；所述的物流经济分析专题图表，从物流经济数据中取得的数据用折线图，曲线图，柱状图，饼状图等多种形式直观地展示出来。The logistics economic analysis thematic chart displays ten thousand years of logistics economic data to the user in the form of charts on the basis of logistics economic data; the logistics economic analysis thematic chart uses line charts and curve charts for the data obtained from the logistics economic data , histogram, pie chart and other forms are displayed intuitively.
本发明物流地理信息系统主要通过以下步骤来实现的：The logistics geographical information system of the present invention mainly realizes through the following steps:
1、自行设计空间数据的数据结构和数据库，用Oracle11g和ArcSDE软件进行管理；1. Design the data structure and database of spatial data by yourself, and use Oracle11g and ArcSDE software for management;
2、引进国外先进的地理信息系统软件ArcGIS，利用其提供的二次开发工具和自行研发的算法模型，结合应用目标开发；2. Introduce advanced foreign geographic information system software ArcGIS, use its secondary development tools and self-developed algorithm models, and develop in combination with application goals;
3、利用支持面向对象技术的高级语言C#和ArcGIS系列的ArcGIS Server提供的控件构成最终面向用户的Web网页。3. Use the high-level language C# that supports object-oriented technology and the controls provided by ArcGIS Server of the ArcGIS series to form the final user-oriented Web page.
本发明所述的物流地理信息系统，依托成熟的地理信息系统，加入物流专业的特色，构造物流地理信息系统，内容有：The logistics geographic information system described in the present invention relies on a mature geographic information system, adds the characteristics of logistics specialty, and constructs a logistics geographic information system. The contents include:
物流基础设施与网络：世界自然地理(各国家概况数据)、中国自然地理(各省区概况数据)、国际物流网络(水运网络、公路网络、铁路网络、空运网络)、中国物流网络(水运网络、公路网络、铁路网络、空运网络)、中围区域物流网络(长三角、珠三角、环渤海、北部湾)、重要物流基础设施(大型机场和港口影像图)；Logistics infrastructure and network: physical geography of the world (overview data of each country), physical geography of China (overview data of each province), international logistics network (water transport network, road network, railway network, air transport network), Chinese logistics network (water transport network, Highway network, railway network, air transport network), Zhongwei regional logistics network (Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Bohai Rim, Beibu Gulf), important logistics infrastructure (large airport and port image map);
物流经济与贸易：国际经济与贸易专题分析。Logistics economy and trade: analysis of international economics and trade topics.
物流战略与规划：物流环境分析、物流行业发展格局、各级运输体系规划、各级物流规划、物流枢纽规划(配送中心规划、物流园区规划)、物流节点规划(集装箱码头规划与设计、仓库规划与设计)；Logistics strategy and planning: logistics environment analysis, logistics industry development pattern, transportation system planning at all levels, logistics planning at all levels, logistics hub planning (distribution center planning, logistics park planning), logistics node planning (container terminal planning and design, warehouse planning and design);
物流运作流程与优化：物流系统流程(仓库货物操作流程、配送管理操作流程、运输方式的选择、运力分析、航线分析、海上货物运输及运费计算、海运进出口物流业务流程、洋山港口重箱进出场、洋山港口空箱进出场、洋山港口道口操作流程、集装箱码头业务管理、国际航空货物运输流程)、物流系统优化(最短路径模型、线性规划模型、分配集合模型、车辆路径模型、临近模型、选址模型、网络优化模型)、物流系统监控；Logistics operation process and optimization: logistics system process (warehouse cargo operation process, distribution management operation process, selection of transportation mode, capacity analysis, route analysis, sea cargo transportation and freight calculation, ocean import and export logistics business process, Yangshan port heavy container import Exit, Yangshan port empty container entry and exit, Yangshan port crossing operation process, container terminal business management, international air cargo transportation process), logistics system optimization (shortest path model, linear programming model, distribution set model, vehicle route model, approaching model, site selection model, network optimization model), logistics system monitoring;
供应链管理：跨国供应链设计案例分析。Supply Chain Management: A Case Study of Multinational Supply Chain Design.
将物流业和地理信息系统紧密结合在一起，利用地理数据管理、展示、查询、定位、网络分析、空间分析等GIS技术，并在此基础上构建物流模型和流程，对物流过程进行直观分析。而所述的物流模型、物流流程、物流场景也都是在实际地图上进行模拟演示的。The logistics industry and geographic information system are closely combined, and GIS technologies such as geographic data management, display, query, positioning, network analysis, and spatial analysis are used, and logistics models and processes are constructed on this basis to conduct intuitive analysis of the logistics process. The logistics models, logistics processes, and logistics scenarios described above are also simulated and demonstrated on actual maps.
本发明的有益效果是，物流和地理信息系统紧密结合，将地理信息系统丰富的图形展现功能应用于物流教学和培训；通过WEB发布，方便教学，教师和学生通过相应的身份登陆，使得教与学能够更加直观形象，有利于学生更好地掌握学习物流地理知识。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that logistics and geographic information system are closely combined, and the rich graphic display function of geographic information system is applied to logistics teaching and training; it is convenient for teaching through WEB release, and teachers and students log in through corresponding identities, so that teaching and Learning can be more intuitive and image, which is beneficial for students to better master the knowledge of logistics geography.
附图说明 Description of drawings
下面结合附图和具体实施方式来详细说明本发明；The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment;
图1为本发明物流地理信息系统的原理框图；Fig. 1 is the functional block diagram of logistics geographic information system of the present invention;
图2为本发明中的网络数据集的生成和使用的示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the generation and use of the network data set in the present invention;
图3为本发明的功能目录结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the function directory of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体图示，进一步阐述本发明。In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific illustrations.
参看图1，本发明物流地理信息系统包括由矢量数据31、栅格影像数据21构成的GIS图形数据库、物流经济数据库、网络数据集5和一系列的各种物流模型4、物流流程3、物流场景2和物流经济分析专题图表1。Referring to Fig. 1, the logistics geographical information system of the present invention comprises GIS graph database, logistics economic database, network data set 5 and a series of various logistics models 4, logistics flow process 3, logistics Scenario 2 and thematic chart 1 for logistics economic analysis.
网络数据集5由数据库中的道路矢量数据31构建，定义一系列规则将道路矢量数据转换为可进行路径分析的网络分析数据。The network data set 5 is constructed from the road vector data 31 in the database, and defines a series of rules to convert the road vector data into network analysis data for path analysis.
物流流程3和物流模型4建立在生成的网络数据集5上；所述物流场景2建立在矢量数据31和影像数据21之上；所述经济分析专题图表1建立在经济数据库之上。The logistics process 3 and the logistics model 4 are established on the generated network data set 5; the logistics scene 2 is established on the vector data 31 and the image data 21; the economic analysis thematic chart 1 is established on the economic database.
物流模型4在网络数据集5的基础上，使物流模型4能够在实际道路上得到优化结果并显示出来；所述物流流程3在网络数据采集的基础上，使物流流程3能构在实际道路上进行动态模拟；所述物流场景2在矢量数据31和影像数据21的基础上，使一些典型的物流场景能显示在计算机屏幕上；所述物流经济分析专题图表1在物流经济数据基础上将万年物流经济数据用图表的形式显示给用户。The logistics model 4 is based on the network data set 5, so that the logistics model 4 can be optimized on the actual road and displayed; the logistics process 3 is based on the network data collection, so that the logistics process 3 can be constructed on the actual road On the basis of vector data 31 and image data 21, the logistics scene 2 can display some typical logistics scenes on the computer screen; the logistics economic analysis thematic chart 1 will be based on the logistics economic data. Wannian logistics economic data is displayed to users in the form of charts.
实施例：Example:
再次参看图1：物流地理信息系统的实现方法，结合了地理信息系统和物流专业特征和优势，其具体步骤是：Refer to Figure 1 again: the implementation method of the logistics geographic information system, which combines the characteristics and advantages of the geographic information system and the logistics specialty. The specific steps are:
(1)数据的搜集整理入库，包括矢量、影像和属性数据，包含自然地理信息、经济地理信息、行政、法规地理信息、物流网点、海陆空交通运输网络、物流相关企业、团体、机构及影响力在地图上的分布、船舶(货舱)、飞机(货舱)、集装箱、集装器、航道等物流设施的立体图例、业务相关的物流路径、节点和区域(可以是模拟数据)、特定港区的详细结构、特定企业的功能节点布局等，全部数据由Oracle11g数据库系统托管，采用ArcSDE中间件，使得GIS数据库可以与其它系统进行真正数据共享和交流。(1) Data collection and storage, including vector, image and attribute data, including natural geographic information, economic geographic information, administrative and legal geographic information, logistics outlets, sea, land and air transportation networks, logistics-related enterprises, groups, institutions and The distribution of influence on the map, three-dimensional legends of logistics facilities such as ships (cargo holds), aircraft (cargo holds), containers, container containers, and waterways, business-related logistics routes, nodes and areas (can be simulated data), specific ports The detailed structure of the district, the layout of functional nodes of a specific enterprise, etc., all data are hosted by the Oracle11g database system, and the ArcSDE middleware is used, so that the GIS database can share and exchange real data with other systems.
(2)将城市道路大量数据利用ArcGIS的工具箱生成网络数据集，如图2所示，具体实施步骤如下：I定位要构建网络数据集的道路矢量所在的属性数据集；II利用ArcGIS的Network功能创建新的网络数据集，选择基础矢量道路数据；III定义转换规则：根据数据字段属性定义道路是否可通行(如高架和普通公路不能互通，地铁和普通公路不能互通等)，根据各种不同类型的道路属性来定义各个路段的时间耗费，汽油耗费等，如高速公路、一级道路、二级道路、高架等道路属性不同，油耗、时间耗费也不同，根据数据库中的字段用VB脚本语言编写。IV设置车辆行驶规则，定义导航属性。(2) Utilize the toolbox of ArcGIS to generate network data sets with a large amount of urban road data, as shown in Figure 2, the specific implementation steps are as follows: I locate the attribute data set where the road vector of the network data set is to be constructed; II utilize the Network data set of ArcGIS The function creates a new network dataset, selects the basic vector road data; III defines the conversion rules: defines whether the road is passable according to the data field attributes (such as elevated and ordinary roads cannot communicate, subway and ordinary roads cannot communicate, etc.), according to various Types of road attributes to define the time consumption of each road section, gasoline consumption, etc., such as highways, first-class roads, second-class roads, elevated roads, etc. The road attributes are different, and the fuel consumption and time consumption are also different. According to the fields in the database, use VB scripting language write. IV Set vehicle driving rules and define navigation attributes.
(3)使用符合工业标准的开发环境Visual Studio，使用C#编程语言，从空间数据库中读取地图数据、属性数据和网络数据集，借助ArcGIS Server的控件和自己编写的算法构成面向最终用户的可视化Web网页。参看图3，系统功能目录结构，包含了本发明的主要内容，结合图1，阐述如下：(3) Using Visual Studio, an industry-standard development environment, using C# programming language to read map data, attribute data and network datasets from spatial databases, and use ArcGIS Server controls and self-written algorithms to form end-user-oriented visualization Web pages. Referring to Fig. 3, the system function directory structure includes the main content of the present invention, in conjunction with Fig. 1, it is set forth as follows:
物流基础设施与网络、物流战略与规划、供应链管理以物流场景为基础，辅助查询、定位等GIS功能对具体物流过程进行分析：Logistics infrastructure and network, logistics strategy and planning, and supply chain management are based on logistics scenarios, and GIS functions such as auxiliary query and positioning are used to analyze specific logistics processes:
物流经济贸易以经济分析专题图表为基础，包括横向(同一年份不同国家)和纵向的比较分析(同一国家不同时期)；Logistics economy and trade are based on economic analysis thematic charts, including horizontal (different countries in the same year) and vertical comparative analysis (different periods in the same country);
物流系统流程和物流系统模型优化以网络数据集为基础，协同物流模型(选址、车辆调配等)和物流实际操作流程(各种业务流程)进行现实模拟。\Logistics system process and logistics system model optimization are based on network data sets, and collaborative logistics models (site selection, vehicle allocation, etc.) and logistics actual operation processes (various business processes) are simulated realistically. \
综上所述，本发明物流地理信息系统主要步骤简述如下：In summary, the main steps of the logistics geographic information system of the present invention are briefly described as follows:
1、自行设计空间数据的数据结构和数据库，用Oracle11g和ArcSDE软件进行管理；1. Design the data structure and database of spatial data by yourself, and use Oracle11g and ArcSDE software for management;
2、引进国外先进的地理信息系统软件ArcGIS，利用其提供的二次开发工具和自行研发的算法模型，结合应用目标开发；2. Introduce advanced foreign geographic information system software ArcGIS, use its secondary development tools and self-developed algorithm models, and develop in combination with application goals;
3、利用支持面向对象技术的高级语言C#和ArcGIS系列的ArcGIS Server提供的控件构成最终面向用户的Web网页。3. Use the high-level language C# that supports object-oriented technology and the controls provided by ArcGIS Server of the ArcGIS series to form the final user-oriented Web page.
本发明将物流和地理信息系统紧密结合，将地理信息系统丰富的图形展现功能应用于物流教学和培训中，使得教与学能够更加直观形象，有利于学生更好地掌握学习物流地理知识。在地图上形象地展现物流的整个运作过程，达到很好的物流教学和培训效果。The invention closely combines logistics and geographic information systems, and applies the rich graphic display function of geographic information systems to logistics teaching and training, so that teaching and learning can be more intuitive, and it is beneficial for students to better grasp and learn logistics geographic knowledge. Visually display the entire operation process of logistics on the map to achieve a good effect of logistics teaching and training.
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and that described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrates the principles of the present invention, and the present invention also has various aspects without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Variations and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104598637A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Model facing airport terminal premium resource dynamic configuration and intelligent dispatching data integration |
| CN104751317A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-01 | 成都数云科技有限公司 | Expert system used in agricultural product supply chain logistics system |
| CN105046471A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-11-11 | 惠龙易通国际物流股份有限公司 | Method for determining optimum logistics scheme based on holographic map data analysis technology |
| CN108109477A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-06-01 | 清华大学 | Path planning and the logistics legal tutoring system of intelligent addressing |
-
2009
- 2009-02-27 CN CNA2009100467709A patent/CN101515345A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104598637A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Model facing airport terminal premium resource dynamic configuration and intelligent dispatching data integration |
| CN104751317A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-01 | 成都数云科技有限公司 | Expert system used in agricultural product supply chain logistics system |
| CN105046471A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-11-11 | 惠龙易通国际物流股份有限公司 | Method for determining optimum logistics scheme based on holographic map data analysis technology |
| CN105046471B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2019-06-04 | 惠龙易通国际物流股份有限公司 | The method for determining best logistics scheme based on holographic map data analysis technique |
| CN108109477A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-06-01 | 清华大学 | Path planning and the logistics legal tutoring system of intelligent addressing |
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