CN101514549A - Method using intermediate mixing piles for treating three-layer soft foundation - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 107
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 62
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于土木工程技术领域，是一种适用于上部、下部为中等压缩性土、中间为软土层的三层软弱地基的处理方法，尤其涉及一种使用中形搅拌桩处理三层软弱地基的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering, and is a treatment method applicable to a three-layer weak foundation whose upper and lower parts are medium compressive soil and the middle is a soft soil layer, and in particular relates to a method for treating three-layer weak foundation using medium-shaped mixing piles Methods.
背景技术 Background technique
水泥土搅拌桩是加固软土地基的有效方法之一，它是利用水泥作为固化剂，通过深层搅拌机械边钻进边往软土中喷射水泥浆液或水泥粉，并就地将软土和固化剂强制搅拌，通过固化剂和软土之间的物理化学作用，形成强度较高、整体性、水稳性好的水泥土柱体。目前，工程上应用的水泥土搅拌桩大多为等截面搅拌桩，即单桩的桩体直径是相同的。等截面搅拌桩对于土层分布比较均匀的单层软土比较合适，其中桩体置换率是搅拌桩复合地基设计的主要内容之一，一般被加固的软土性质越差，置换率取的越高，软土性质越好，置换率取的越低。但是对于成层分布的多层软弱地基，采用传统的等截面搅拌桩即意味着土体性质不同的多层地基选用相同的桩体置换率，从复合地基的加固机理来说，这是不合适的。Cement-soil mixing pile is one of the effective methods to strengthen the soft soil foundation. It uses cement as the curing agent, sprays cement slurry or cement powder into the soft soil while drilling through the deep mixing machine, and mixes the soft soil and solidification on the spot. The cement-soil column with high strength, integrity and good water stability is formed through the physical and chemical interaction between the curing agent and the soft soil. At present, most of the cement-soil mixing piles used in engineering are equal-section mixing piles, that is, the diameters of the single piles are the same. Equal cross-section mixing piles are more suitable for single-layer soft soil with relatively uniform soil layer distribution. The pile replacement rate is one of the main contents in the design of the mixing pile composite foundation. Generally, the worse the soft soil properties to be reinforced, the higher the replacement rate. The higher the value, the better the properties of the soft soil and the lower the replacement rate. However, for multi-layer weak foundations distributed in layers, the use of traditional equal-section mixing piles means that the same pile replacement rate is used for multi-layer foundations with different soil properties. From the perspective of the reinforcement mechanism of composite foundations, this is not suitable. of.
由于历史沉积的原因，在我国不少地方(如江苏徐州地区)存在软土层处于中间的三层软弱地基，上部为中等或低压缩性土、中间为高压缩性的软土层，下部中等压缩性土，底部才是低压缩性的持力层。用水泥土搅拌桩加固这种三层软弱地基时，上部、下部的土层，只需要较低桩体置率置，而中间的高压缩性土层需要较高的桩体置换率，如果采用传统的等截面水泥土搅拌桩，由于中间软土是主要压缩层，整个加固区必须采用较高的桩体置换率，势必造成工程浪费。Due to historical deposition, in many places in my country (such as Xuzhou, Jiangsu), there are three soft foundations with soft soil in the middle, the upper part is medium or low compressibility soil, the middle is high compressibility soft soil layer, and the lower part is medium Compressive soil, the bottom is the bearing layer with low compressibility. When cement-soil mixing piles are used to reinforce this kind of three-layer weak foundation, the upper and lower soil layers only need a lower pile placement rate, while the middle highly compressive soil layer requires a higher pile replacement rate. For cement-soil mixing piles with equal cross-sections, since the middle soft soil is the main compression layer, a higher pile replacement rate must be adopted in the entire reinforcement area, which will inevitably result in project waste.
本发明针对软土层位于中间的三层软弱地基，提出了中间桩体截面扩大的中形搅拌桩处理的方法。The invention proposes a treatment method for medium-shaped stirring piles with enlarged cross-sections of middle piles aiming at three-layer weak foundations with soft soil layers located in the middle.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
技术问题：本发明的目的是提供一种用于上部、下部为中等压缩性土、中间为软土层的三层软弱地基的使用中形搅拌桩处理的方法，本发明能够提高地基的处理效果，从而降低处理成本。Technical problem: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for using medium-shaped mixing piles for the treatment of three-layer weak foundations with medium compressive soil in the upper part and lower part and soft soil layer in the middle. The present invention can improve the treatment effect of the foundation , thereby reducing processing costs.
技术方案：一种使用中形搅拌桩处理三层软弱地基的方法：Technical solution: a method of using medium-shaped mixing piles to deal with three-layer weak foundations:
选择在上部、下部为中等压缩性土、中间为软土层的三层软弱地基上布置中形搅拌桩，所述的中形搅拌桩由直径较小的上部、下部小桩和直径较大的中部扩大头组成，上部、下部的小桩设置于上部、下部的中等压缩性土层中，中部扩大头设置于中间的软土层中。Choose to arrange medium-shaped mixing piles on the three-layer soft foundation with medium compressibility soil in the upper part and lower part and soft soil layer in the middle. The medium-shaped mixing piles are composed of small diameter upper and lower piles and larger diameter The middle expanding head is composed, the upper and lower small piles are arranged in the upper and lower medium compressive soil layers, and the middle expanding head is arranged in the middle soft soil layer.
中形搅拌桩过桩体直径的变化，形成具有2种置换率的复合地基，在中间工程力学性质较差的软土层中采用较高的桩体置换率，在上部、下部工程力学性质较好的硬土层中采用较低的桩体置换率，对三层软弱地基中的不同土层进行针对性地处理，达到节省工程造价的目的。Through the change of the diameter of the medium-shaped mixing pile, a composite foundation with two replacement rates is formed. A higher pile replacement rate is adopted in the soft soil layer with poor engineering mechanical properties in the middle, and a higher pile replacement rate is adopted in the soft soil layer with poor engineering mechanical properties in the upper and lower parts. In the good hard soil layer, the lower pile replacement rate is adopted, and the different soil layers in the three-layer soft foundation are treated in a targeted manner, so as to save the project cost.
与现有技术相比，本发明在达到相同处理效果的前提下，可节省20～30％的地基处理工程造价。Compared with the prior art, the present invention can save 20-30% of the foundation treatment engineering cost under the premise of achieving the same treatment effect.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为中形搅拌桩处理三层软弱地基的剖面图。Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of medium-shaped mixing piles treating three-layer weak foundations.
图2为中形搅拌桩的单桩施工工艺流程图。Figure 2 is a flow chart of the single pile construction process for medium-sized mixing piles.
其中有：硬土层1；软土层2；小桩3；扩大头4；搅拌叶片5。Among them are: hard soil layer 1;
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
一种使用中形搅拌桩处理三层软弱地基的方法：A method of using medium-sized mixing piles to deal with three-layer weak foundations:
选择在上部、下部为中等压缩性土层、中间为软土层的三层软弱地基上布置中形搅拌桩，所述的中形搅拌桩由直径较小的上部、下部小桩和直径较大的中部扩大头组成，上部、下部的小桩设置于上部、下部的中等压缩性土层中，中部扩大头设置于中间的软土层中。Choose to arrange medium-shaped mixing piles on the three-layer soft foundation with the upper and lower parts being medium compressibility soil layers and the middle being soft soil layers. The medium-shaped mixing piles are composed of small diameter upper and lower piles and larger diameter The middle expansion head is composed of the upper and lower small piles arranged in the upper and lower medium compressive soil layers, and the middle expansion head is arranged in the middle soft soil layer.
在本实施例中，In this example,
中形搅拌桩采用梅花形布桩或正方形布桩，并采用叶片可伸缩式搅拌桩机成桩。The medium-shaped mixing pile adopts plum blossom-shaped cloth piles or square cloth piles, and uses a retractable blade mixing pile machine to form piles.
本实施例用可伸缩为2种不同直径的搅拌叶片施工成桩，在硬土层中，搅拌叶片收缩为小桩直径，以小桩直径的叶片进行搅拌；在软土层中，搅拌叶片伸展为扩大头直径，以扩大头直径的叶片进行搅拌。其施工步骤具体如下：In this embodiment, the piles are constructed with stirring blades that can be expanded into two different diameters. In the hard soil layer, the stirring blades shrink to the diameter of the small pile, and the blades with the diameter of the small pile are used for stirring; in the soft soil layer, the stirring blades are stretched. In order to enlarge the head diameter, stir with blades with enlarged head diameter. Its construction steps are as follows:
a、搅拌桩机就位，搅拌桩机钻头对准桩位；a. The mixing pile driver is in place, and the drill bit of the mixing pile driver is aligned with the pile position;
b、启动搅拌桩机，搅拌叶片收缩为小桩直径，搅拌桩机下沉，同时搅拌并喷固化剂，直到搅拌叶片到达上部硬土层底面设计标高；b. Start the stirring pile machine, the stirring blade shrinks to the diameter of the small pile, the stirring pile machine sinks, stir and spray the curing agent at the same time, until the stirring blade reaches the design elevation of the bottom surface of the upper hard soil layer;
c、搅拌叶片伸展为扩大头直径，搅拌桩机下沉，同时搅拌并喷固化剂，直到搅拌叶片到达中间软土层底面设计标高；c. Stirring blades are stretched to enlarge the diameter of the head, and the stirring pile machine sinks, while stirring and spraying curing agent, until the stirring blades reach the design elevation of the bottom surface of the middle soft soil layer;
d、搅拌叶片保持扩大头直径，搅拌桩机提升，同时搅拌并喷固化剂，直到搅拌叶片到达上部硬土层底面设计标高；d. The stirring blade keeps expanding the diameter of the head, the stirring pile machine is lifted, and at the same time stirring and spraying the curing agent until the stirring blade reaches the design elevation of the bottom surface of the upper hard soil layer;
e、搅拌叶片保持扩大头直径，搅拌桩机下沉，同时搅拌并喷固化剂，直到搅拌叶片到达软土层底面设计标高；e. The stirring blade keeps expanding the diameter of the head, the stirring pile machine sinks, and at the same time stirring and spraying the curing agent until the stirring blade reaches the design elevation of the bottom surface of the soft soil layer;
f、搅拌叶片收缩为小桩直径，搅拌桩机下沉，同时搅拌并喷固化剂，直到搅拌叶片到达下部硬土层底面设计标高；f. The stirring blade shrinks to the diameter of the small pile, the stirring pile machine sinks, and at the same time stirring and spraying the curing agent until the stirring blade reaches the design elevation of the bottom surface of the lower hard soil layer;
g、停止喷射固化剂，搅拌叶片保持小桩直径，搅拌桩机提升同时搅拌，直到搅拌叶片到达中间软土层底面设计标高；g. Stop spraying the curing agent, keep the diameter of the small pile with the stirring blade, lift the stirring pile machine and stir at the same time, until the stirring blade reaches the design elevation of the bottom surface of the middle soft soil layer;
h、搅拌叶片伸展为扩大头直径，搅拌桩机提升同时搅拌，直到搅拌叶片达到上部硬土层底面标高；h. Stirring blades are stretched to enlarge the diameter of the head, and the stirring pile machine is lifted and stirred at the same time until the stirring blades reach the bottom surface elevation of the upper hard soil layer;
i、搅拌叶片收缩为小桩直径，搅拌桩机提升同时搅拌，直到搅拌叶片到达地表或设计标高以上0.5米，完成单桩施工。i. The stirring blade shrinks to the diameter of the small pile, and the stirring pile machine is lifted and stirred at the same time until the stirring blade reaches the ground surface or 0.5 meters above the design elevation, and the single pile construction is completed.
本发明选择一块试验场地，该试验场地为上部、下部为中等压缩性土层、中间为软土层的三层软弱地基，上部3.5m为中等压缩性的硬土层，3.5m～7.5m为软土层，7.5m～13m为中等压缩性的硬土层。现场施工的中形搅拌桩的小桩直径为0.5m，扩大头直径为0.9m，扩大头的直径与小桩的直径之比为1.8，上部小桩长度为3.5m，中部扩大头直径为4.0m，下部小桩长度为5.5m，中形搅拌桩复合地基桩间距为1.8m。搅拌桩固化剂为水泥浆，水泥掺入量为13％，水泥浆的水灰比为0.57。The present invention selects a test site, the test site is a three-layer soft foundation with a medium compressibility soil layer in the upper part and a lower part in the middle, and a soft soil layer in the middle. Soft soil layer, 7.5m ~ 13m is medium compressive hard soil layer. The small pile diameter of the medium-shaped mixing pile constructed on site is 0.5m, the diameter of the enlarged head is 0.9m, the ratio of the diameter of the enlarged head to the diameter of the small pile is 1.8, the length of the upper small pile is 3.5m, and the diameter of the middle enlarged head is 4.0 m, the length of the lower small piles is 5.5m, and the distance between medium-sized mixing piles and composite foundation piles is 1.8m. The curing agent of the stirring pile is cement slurry, the amount of cement added is 13%, and the water-cement ratio of the cement slurry is 0.57.
为了确保扩大头和小桩的单位体积固化剂掺入比基本保持一致，在变截面搅拌桩施工时，应调整搅拌桩机的下沉、提升速度、喷射固化剂的次数和速率。In order to ensure that the mixing ratio of curing agent per unit volume of the enlarged head and the small pile is basically consistent, during the construction of variable cross-section mixing piles, the sinking and lifting speed of the mixing pile machine, the number and rate of spraying curing agent should be adjusted.
在所述的上部、下部为中等压缩性土层、中间为软土层的三层软弱地基中，中间软土层的土体孔隙比大于1，压缩系数a1-2大于0.5MPa-1，压缩模量E1-2小于3MPa，不排水抗剪强度cu小于30kPa。上部、下部硬土层的土体孔隙比小于1，压缩系数a1-2小于0.4MPa-1，压缩模量E1-2大于6MPa，不排水抗剪强度cu大于60kPa。In the above-mentioned three-layer soft foundation whose upper part and lower part are medium compressibility soil layer and the middle part is soft soil layer, the soil void ratio of the middle soft soil layer is greater than 1, and the compression coefficient a 1-2 is greater than 0.5MPa -1 , The compression modulus E 1-2 is less than 3MPa, and the undrained shear strength c u is less than 30kPa. The soil void ratio of the upper and lower hard soil layers is less than 1, the compression coefficient a 1-2 is less than 0.4MPa -1 , the compression modulus E 1-2 is greater than 6MPa, and the undrained shear strength c u is greater than 60kPa.
场地清表，按照设计图纸进行桩位放样，小桩施工时搅拌机下沉和提升速度为0.8米/分，扩大头施工时搅拌机下沉和提升速度为0.6米/分。施工时喷浆速率保持不变，喷浆压力均为0.3MPa，小桩喷射1次水泥浆，扩大头喷射3次水泥浆。具体的中形搅拌桩的单桩施工方法如下(见图2)：The surface of the site is cleared, and the pile position is set out according to the design drawings. The sinking and lifting speed of the mixer is 0.8 m/min during the small pile construction, and the sinking and lifting speed of the mixer is 0.6 m/min during the expansion head construction. During construction, the spraying rate remains unchanged, the spraying pressure is 0.3MPa, the small pile is sprayed with cement slurry once, and the expanding head is sprayed with cement slurry for 3 times. The specific single pile construction method of medium-shaped mixing piles is as follows (see Figure 2):
a、搅拌桩机就位，搅拌桩机钻头对准桩位；a. The mixing pile driver is in place, and the drill bit of the mixing pile driver is aligned with the pile position;
b、启动搅拌桩机，搅拌叶片收缩为小桩直径，搅拌桩机下沉，同时搅拌并喷固化剂，直到搅拌叶片到达上部硬土层底面设计标高；b. Start the stirring pile machine, the stirring blade shrinks to the diameter of the small pile, the stirring pile machine sinks, stir and spray the curing agent at the same time, until the stirring blade reaches the design elevation of the bottom surface of the upper hard soil layer;
c、搅拌叶片伸展为扩大头直径，搅拌桩机下沉，同时搅拌并喷固化剂，直到搅拌叶片到达中间软土层底面设计标高；c. Stirring blades are stretched to enlarge the diameter of the head, and the stirring pile machine sinks, while stirring and spraying curing agent, until the stirring blades reach the design elevation of the bottom surface of the middle soft soil layer;
d、搅拌叶片保持扩大头直径，搅拌桩机提升，同时搅拌并喷固化剂，直到搅拌叶片到达上部硬土层底面设计标高；d. The stirring blade keeps expanding the diameter of the head, the stirring pile machine is lifted, and at the same time stirring and spraying the curing agent until the stirring blade reaches the design elevation of the bottom surface of the upper hard soil layer;
e、搅拌叶片保持扩大头直径，搅拌桩机下沉，同时搅拌并喷固化剂，直到搅拌叶片到达软土层底面设计标高；e. The stirring blade keeps expanding the diameter of the head, the stirring pile machine sinks, and at the same time stirring and spraying the curing agent until the stirring blade reaches the design elevation of the bottom surface of the soft soil layer;
f、搅拌叶片收缩为小桩直径，搅拌桩机下沉，同时搅拌并喷固化剂，直到搅拌叶片到达下部硬土层底面设计标高；f. The stirring blade shrinks to the diameter of the small pile, the stirring pile machine sinks, and at the same time stirring and spraying the curing agent until the stirring blade reaches the design elevation of the bottom surface of the lower hard soil layer;
g、停止喷射固化剂，搅拌叶片保持小桩直径，搅拌桩机提升同时搅拌，直到搅拌叶片到达中间软土层底面设计标高；g. Stop spraying the curing agent, keep the diameter of the small pile with the stirring blade, lift the stirring pile machine and stir at the same time, until the stirring blade reaches the design elevation of the bottom surface of the middle soft soil layer;
h、搅拌叶片伸展为扩大头直径，搅拌桩机提升同时搅拌，直到搅拌叶片达到上部硬土层底面标高；h. Stirring blades are stretched to enlarge the diameter of the head, and the stirring pile machine is lifted and stirred at the same time until the stirring blades reach the bottom surface elevation of the upper hard soil layer;
i、搅拌叶片收缩为小桩直径，搅拌桩机提升同时搅拌，直到搅拌叶片到达地表或设计标高以上0.5米，完成单桩施工。i. The stirring blade shrinks to the diameter of the small pile, and the stirring pile machine is lifted and stirred at the same time until the stirring blade reaches the ground surface or 0.5 meters above the design elevation, and the single pile construction is completed.
按照以上a～i步骤完成场地内其他单桩施工。Complete other single pile construction in the site according to the above steps a~i.
现场开挖以及取芯、标惯试验和芯样的室内试验研究的结果显示：中形水泥土搅拌上、中、下三部分能够结合成为一个完整的整体，桩身完整均匀。在试验场地附近建立常规搅拌桩处理段，桩径0.5米，桩长13米，桩间距1.4米，水泥掺入比为13％，水灰比为0.57，中形搅拌桩处理段和常规搅拌桩处理段的工程地质条件相同，两个处理段的搅拌桩施工结束1个月后，在上面分别填筑了4米高的填土，同时进行了地表沉降观测，沉降稳定时中形搅拌桩处理段的沉降值为83mm，常规搅拌桩处理段的沉降为95mm，这表明中形搅拌桩的处理效果和常规搅拌桩基本相同。但是，在处理面积相等的情况下，中形搅拌桩比常规搅拌桩节省了25.4％的水泥用量。The results of on-site excavation, coring, standard inertia test and indoor test of core samples show that the upper, middle and lower parts of medium-shaped cement-soil mixing can be combined into a complete whole, and the pile body is complete and uniform. A conventional mixing pile treatment section was established near the test site, with a pile diameter of 0.5 meters, a pile length of 13 meters, a pile spacing of 1.4 meters, a cement mixing ratio of 13%, and a water-cement ratio of 0.57. The medium-sized mixing pile treatment section and the conventional mixing pile The engineering geological conditions of the treatment sections are the same. One month after the construction of the mixing piles in the two treatment sections, a 4-meter-high fill was filled on them, and the surface settlement was observed at the same time. When the settlement was stable, the medium-shaped mixing piles were treated. The settlement value of the section is 83mm, and the settlement of the conventional mixing pile treatment section is 95mm, which shows that the treatment effect of the medium-sized mixing pile is basically the same as that of the conventional mixing pile. However, in the case of the same treatment area, the medium-sized mixing pile saves 25.4% of the cement consumption compared with the conventional mixing pile.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101922149A (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2010-12-22 | 徐守田 | Construction method and construction equipment for one-step molded hole digging pile protecting wall |
| CN103774644A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-05-07 | 东南大学 | Construction method for drainage cement mixing pile |
| CN108487270A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-09-04 | 华东交通大学 | A kind of friction pile and construction method |
| CN110080286A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-08-02 | 广东省交通规划设计研究院股份有限公司 | Supporting construction |
| CN112900424A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-04 | 刘守进 | Concrete cast-in-place pile with mixing layer wrapping pile section, drill bit for pile forming and construction method |
| CN119877342A (en) * | 2025-03-31 | 2025-04-25 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Road shoulder mini pile reinforcing method and structure based on reconstruction and expansion of expressway |
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| CN1029488C (en) * | 1994-04-01 | 1995-08-09 | 张俊生 | Composite treatment for foundation and piles |
| CN100336982C (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2007-09-12 | 东南大学 | Nail type cement soil stirring pile operation method |
| CN1274912C (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-09-13 | 东南大学 | Pile forming operation method for bi-directional stirring piles |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101922149A (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2010-12-22 | 徐守田 | Construction method and construction equipment for one-step molded hole digging pile protecting wall |
| CN101922149B (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2011-09-07 | 徐守田 | Construction method and construction equipment for one-step molded hole digging pile protecting wall |
| CN103774644A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-05-07 | 东南大学 | Construction method for drainage cement mixing pile |
| CN103774644B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-08-26 | 东南大学 | A kind of construction method of drainage cement mixing method |
| CN108487270A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-09-04 | 华东交通大学 | A kind of friction pile and construction method |
| CN110080286A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-08-02 | 广东省交通规划设计研究院股份有限公司 | Supporting construction |
| CN110080286B (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2022-04-19 | 广东省交通规划设计研究院集团股份有限公司 | Supporting structure |
| CN112900424A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-04 | 刘守进 | Concrete cast-in-place pile with mixing layer wrapping pile section, drill bit for pile forming and construction method |
| CN119877342A (en) * | 2025-03-31 | 2025-04-25 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Road shoulder mini pile reinforcing method and structure based on reconstruction and expansion of expressway |
| CN119877342B (en) * | 2025-03-31 | 2025-06-03 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | A method and structure for reinforcing road shoulders with micro piles based on highway reconstruction and expansion |
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