Background technology
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber also claims high-strength high-modulus polyethylene (HSHMPE) fiber or elongation chain (ECPE) polyethylene fiber, is meant that relative molecular mass is in (1~6) * 10
6Polyethylene, the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber of after spinning-super drawing, making.It is the third generation high-performance fiber after carbon fiber, aramid fiber (Kevlar) fiber, and this paper is called for short polyethylene fiber.Polyethylene fiber reinforced compound material is compared with other fibre reinforced composites, has light weight, shock-resistant, dielectric properties advantages of higher, is bringing into play very important effect in fields such as modernized war and Aero-Space, marine site defence, weaponrys.Simultaneously, this fiber also has broad application prospects in fields such as automobile, boats and ships, medicine equipment, athletic sports appliances.Therefore, polyethylene fiber is just extremely paid attention to from coming out, and develops very fast.
Adopt at present usually laminating method to prepare polyethylene fiber reinforced compound material, through following processing step: the preparation of no latitude cloth-no latitude cloth is laminated into type-typing of fibre reinforced composites.No latitude cloth (UD cloth) claims unidirectional cloth or warp-wise cloth again, is meant matrix resin is coated on the unidirectional fibre, makes thin cloth through super-dry then.Compare with the longitude and latitude woven, no latitude cloth has been avoided interweaving of filling yarn, and crimping bending repeatedly can not take place fiber, therefore can not reduce the original mechanical property of fiber; In addition, the space appears in the longitude and latitude place of interweaving easily, influences composite property, and not having latitude cloth then is that fiber is arranged in parallel, so composite can be inherited the mechanical property of fiber to the full extent.No latitude cloth technology laminated into type is meant does not have multilayer the thin cloth of latitude first one-step forming under certain temperature and pressure as required, and each interlayer fiber thin cloth lamination angle requires to be (0/90 °) with performance
n, (0 °)
n, (0/+45 °/-45 °/90 °)
nEtc. multiple distribution.No latitude cloth carry out laminated into type after, carry out again one the step cure under pressure make fibre reinforced composites.No latitude cloth technology laminated into type is for final composite property important influence, temperature and pressure during lamination is two important parameters of no latitude cloth technology laminated into type, in the lamination process, matrix resin is heated between vitrification point and the fusing point, then cooling forming.When laying in addition, be also noted that following problem: the dislocation between layer and the layer, if layer with layer between misplace, the laying of one deck under can influencing, and cause the deviation of final size serious also can cause scrapping of material; Avoid producing gas bag, promptly when laying no latitude cloth, prevent from that air is forced into to produce gas bag between the layer of cloth; Assurance pressure is even, if the phenomenon of composite panel performance inequality finally can appear in the pressure inequality.
At present, the method for preparing polyethylene fiber reinforced compound material of domestic comparative maturity is generally manual operations, and size does not as required have latitude cloth with multilayer and is placed in the mould hot-formingly, and this mode of production major defect is exactly that production efficiency is lower.
Therefore, need a kind of polyethylene fiber that can carry out continuously to strengthen no latitude cloth equipment laminated into type.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is that providing a kind of can carry out compounding machine laminated into type to polyethylene fiber reinforced compound material continuously.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of compounding machine for preparing polyethylene fiber reinforced compound material, comprising:
Frame;
Pressure roller is contained on the described frame, and described pressure roller comprises a hollow roller, is installed in the heater in the hollow roller;
Drive the drive unit of described pressure roller rotation;
Backing roll is contained on the described frame and is positioned at the below of described pressure roller, and described backing roll surface is made by elastomeric material;
The backing roll lowering or hoisting gear that the liftable backing roll keep-ups pressure described pressure roller and backing roll to contact.
Preferably, the hollow roller of described pressure roller is the stainless steel smooth roll.
Preferably, described pressure roller also comprises the temperature measuring equipment of measuring the hollow roller drum surface temperature.
Preferably, described temperature measuring equipment comprises the temperature measuring head that keeps sliding-contact with described hollow roller.
Preferably, described pressue device is a hydraulic means.
Preferably, described hydraulic means comprises two hydraulic cylinders that support the two ends of described supporting roller, and described two hydraulic cylinders are by same hydraulic pump or fluid motor-driven.
Preferably, described compounding machine also comprises the cornerite regulator that is contained on the frame and is positioned at the pressure roller front.
Preferably, described cornerite regulator comprises the roller that at least one can move up and down.
Compounding machine provided by the invention is specially adapted to prepare continuously polyethylene fiber reinforced compound material.
The invention provides a hollow pressure roller that has a built-in heater and one can not have latitude cloth to polyethylene fiber by the backing roll that uses the hydraulic means pressurization and carries out laminated into type under the temperature and pressure of appointment.The present invention can guarantee that by the hollow pressure roller that the stainless steel smooth roll is provided polyethylene fiber does not have the latitude laminated cloth and respectively is in uniform forming under the pressure.The present invention can at-once monitor temperature laminated into type, accurately control process by the temperature measuring head that keeps sliding-contact with roller surface is provided.In addition, the roller of the present invention by providing a position to move up and down in the fiber direction of feed, providing certain cornerite, major advantage in the time of can passing through pressure roller for no latitude cloth is before carrying out lamination, earlier no latitude cloth is carried out preheating, and then the typing of pressurizeing.
The specific embodiment
The invention provides a kind of compounding machine for preparing polyethylene fiber reinforced compound material, below to prepare polyethylene fiber composites be example to have used this compounding machine, specifies the specific embodiment of compounding machine of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Fig. 1 prepares the compounding machine schematic diagram of polyethylene fiber reinforced compound material for first embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 2 is the hydraulic means schematic diagram among Fig. 1.Compounding machine comprises frame 101, and it is that 500mm, wall thickness are that 50mm, length are the pressure roller 102 of 1400mm that diameter is installed on frame 101, is provided with the heater (not drawing among the figure) for its intensification in hollow pressure roller 102.On compounding machine, also further be provided with and the pressure roller 102 surperficial temperature measuring heads 105 that keep sliding-contacts, be used for monitoring the roller surface temperature in real time, so that the key-course compression technology.Below pressure roller 102, it is that 500mm, length are the backing roll 106 of 1400mm that rack-mounted diameter is arranged, and its surface is that the hard elastic rubber of 100mm is made by thickness.In addition, for being keep-uped pressure when the prepared layer compress, backing roll 106 and pressure roller 102 contact, also further be provided with hydraulic means 108 (see figure 2)s that backing roll is moved up and down on the compounding machine, hydraulic means 108 comprises the hydraulic cylinder 108a at the two ends of two axles that are used to support described backing roll 106, and two hydraulic cylinder 108a are driven by same hydraulic pump 108b.Thereby hydraulic pump 108b keep-ups pressure backing roll 106 abreast and contacts by the two ends that two hydraulic cylinder 108a of driven in synchronism promote the axle of backing roll 106 synchronously with pressure roller 102.When compounding machine is worked, an end that earlier one deck is not had latitude cloth is put between pressure roller 102 and the backing roll 106, backing roll lowering or hoisting gear 108 keep-ups pressure backing roll 106 rises and contacts with pressure roller then, move to drive no latitude cloth in order to rotate pressure roller 102, so compounding machine also comprises the drive unit (not drawing among the figure) that driving pressure roller 102 rotates.For the high fineness that has of the composite that guarantees to prepare, so pressure roller 102 is made by the stainless steel smooth roll.
Be that 0 °/90 ° polyethylene fiber reinforced compound material is an example with preparation fiber alignment direction below, the described compounding machine working method of present embodiment is described, according to following steps:
1) first end that ground floor is not had latitude cloth is placed between pressure roller 102 and the backing roll 106, adjust hydraulic means 108 and make pressure roller 102 keep the pressure of 5MPa~12MPa to contact with backing roll 106, the machine direction of definition ground floor is that 0 ° of direction, ground floor are 0 ° of shop layer;
2) opening heater makes pressure roller 102 surfaces keep 50 ℃~80 ℃ temperature;
3) second layer is not had latitude cloth and be cut into square, the square length of side does not have latitude cloth width with ground floor and equates, the second layer after reducing is not had latitude cloth be placed on ground floor and do not have on the latitude cloth, the second layer does not have the machine direction of latitude cloth and machine direction that ground floor does not have latitude cloth is 90 ° of angles;
4) open drive unit rotation pressure roller 102, under the effect of frictional force, pressure roller drives backing roll and two-layer no latitude cloth motion, matrix resin is by the pressure roller thermoplastic, and under pressure roller and the effect of backing roll pressure, two-layer no latitude cloth is combined with each other, after no latitude cloth leaves pressure roller and backing roll, matrix resin is cooled, and typing obtains first laminated cloth then; Can place the second layer continuously and not have latitude cloth as required, obtain the laminated cloth of designated length.
First laminated cloth is placed in the hot pressing die, is warming up in 80 ℃~100 ℃ scopes, be forced into 10MPa~15MPa, kept the mould constant temperature and pressure 15 minutes~20 minutes, obtain arrangement mode and be (0 °/90 °)
2Polyethylene fiber strengthens Compound Fabric, and the surface density of measuring polyethylene fiber enhancing Compound Fabric is 75g/m
2~90g/m
2
10 polyethylene fibers are strengthened Compound Fabric overlay in the hot pressing die, be warming up in 120 ℃~130 ℃, be forced into 18MPa~22MPa, kept the mould constant temperature and pressure 20 minutes~25 minutes, obtain polyethylene fiber and strengthen composite plate.
According to the present invention, so that abundant the pressurization, described backing roll can be the vulcanie elastomeric material, but is not limited thereto for the pressurization area that increases no latitude cloth and pressure roller and backing roll.The described heater that is built in the hollow roller can use mode of heating well known to those skilled in the art, can be electrical bar heating or electromagnetic induction heating.Because electromagnetic induction heating has heating soon, advantages such as easy operating can be used as preferred mode of heating.
Referring to Fig. 3 to Fig. 6, be the compounding machine schematic diagram of second embodiment of the invention polyethylene fiber reinforced compound material.Compounding machine comprises frame 301, and it is that 500mm, wall thickness are the pressure roller 302 of 50mm that diameter is installed on frame 301, is provided with the heater (not drawing among the figure) for its intensification in hollow pressure roller 302.On compounding machine, also further be provided with and the pressure roller 302 surperficial temperature measuring heads 305 that keep sliding-contacts, be used for monitoring in real time pressure roller 302 surface temperatures, so that the key-course compression technology.Below pressure roller 302, it is the backing roll 306 of 500mm that rack-mounted diameter is arranged, and its surface is that 100mm hard elastic rubber is made by thickness.In addition, for being keep-uped pressure when the prepared layer compress, backing roll 306 and pressure roller 302 contact, also further be provided with the hydraulic means (not drawing among the figure) that backing roll is moved up and down on the compounding machine, hydraulic means comprises the hydraulic cylinder at the two ends of two axles that are used to support described backing roll 306, and two hydraulic cylinders are by same fluid motor-driven.Thereby hydraulic motor keep-ups pressure backing roll 306 abreast and contacts by the two ends that two hydraulic cylinders of driven in synchronism promote the axle of backing roll 306 synchronously with pressure roller 302.Cornerite when passing through pressure roller in order to adjust no latitude cloth, compounding machine also further is provided with the cornerite regulator that is contained on the frame and is positioned at the pressure roller front, and described cornerite regulator comprises the cornerite adjustment roller 320 that a position can move up and down.When compounding machine is worked, an end that earlier one deck is not had latitude cloth is put between pressure roller 302 and the backing roll 306, backing roll lowering or hoisting gear 308 keep-ups pressure backing roll 306 rises and contacts with pressure roller then, move to drive no latitude cloth in order to rotate pressure roller 302, so compounding machine also comprises the drive unit (not drawing among the figure) that driving pressure roller 302 rotates.For the high fineness that has of the composite that guarantees to prepare, so pressure roller 302 is made by the stainless steel smooth roll.
According to the present invention, the cornerite of described cornerite regulator is adjusted roller 320 referring to Fig. 4, and the bag religion is adjusted the position of roller 320 on frame and can be adjusted up and down, will not have latitude cloth 310 according to direction shown in the arrow and pressure roller 302 tangent sending into.The direction of giving along no latitude cloth 310, defining no latitude cloth 310 is the first point of contact 302a with the point of contact that pressure roller 302 contacts earlier, defining no latitude cloth 310 is the second point of contact 302b with the point of contact that pressure roller 302 contacts at last, and definition backing roll 306 is the 3rd point of contact 302c with the point of contact of pressure roller 302; The part that is defined in the first point of contact 302a no latitude cloth before is the 310a of first, the part that is defined in the no latitude cloth between the first point of contact 302a and the second point of contact 302b is second portion 310b, the part that is defined in the second point of contact 302b no latitude cloth afterwards is third part 310c, and the extended line of the definition 310a of first is the cornerite 312 of no latitude cloth 310 through pressure rollers 302 to the angle of the 310c of third part.The 3rd point of contact 302c can overlap with the first point of contact 302a or the second point of contact 302b, also can be between the first point of contact 302a and the second point of contact 302b.
As shown in Figure 5, when no latitude cloth 310 is tangent when sending into pressure roller 302, if direction does not change, at this moment the first point of contact 302a, the second point of contact 302b, the 3rd point of contact 302c coincidence are a point of contact, the cornerite 312 that does not have latitude cloth 310 process pressure rollers 302 this moment is 0 °, in this case, because the intensification of no latitude cloth 310 and pressurization are all finished at this point of contact, therefore not having latitude cloth does not pass through sufficient preheating, the pressurization effect is affected, thereby influence the performance of laminated cloth, finally influence the performance of polyethylene fiber reinforced compound material.
As shown in Figure 6, when no latitude cloth 310 is tangent when giving pressure roller 302, if it is opposite fully with the direction of third part 310c not have the 310a of first of latitude cloth, the cornerite 312 that does not then have latitude cloth 310 process pressure rollers 310 is 180 °, the position of the 3rd point of contact 302c is between the first point of contact 302a and the second point of contact 302b, in this case, after no latitude cloth 310 touches pressure roller 302, pressure roller 302 begins the preheating for no latitude cloth 310a at 302a place, first point of contact, no latitude cloth 310 after the preheating at 302c place, the 3rd point of contact by pressure roller 302 and backing roll 306 laminated cloths that obtain laminated into type, laminated cloth leaves pressure roller 302 through the second point of contact 302b again, because laminated cloth does not leave pressure roller 302 after lamination at once, also will be between the 3rd point of contact 302c and the second point of contact 302b through heating after a while, though this time can be very short, but also be the performance that is unfavorable for laminated cloth, therefore the 3rd point of contact 302b should try one's best near the second point of contact 302c, and best the 3rd point of contact 302b can overlap with the second point of contact 302c.And because cornerite reaches 180 °, the curvature of every layer of no latitude cloth of laminated cloth also there are differences, and promptly the no latitude cloth curvature the closer to pressure roller is big more, may have avulsed danger between layer and the layer.Though this curvature difference is very little, also can influence performance of composites, therefore, no latitude cloth 310 is the smaller the better through the cornerite of pressure roller 302.Consider and to give no latitude cloth enough preheating time, should guarantee not have latitude cloth and the enough contacts area of pressure roller, therefore will add the diameter of large pressuring roller, but this can increase material cost again, and the non-area that utilizes of roller is excessive, causes the waste of heat energy as far as possible.Take all factors into consideration above factor, the invention provides the pressure roller that diameter is 100mm~600mm, be applicable to 2~20 layers of no latitude cloth are carried out the lamination typing; Preferably, the invention provides the pressure roller that diameter is 400mm~500mm, be applicable to and carry out laminated into type 2~10 layers of no latitude cloth.
Among the present invention, backing roll 306 keep-ups pressure with pressure roller 302 and contacts.For easy for installation and easy operating, in the present embodiment, backing roll 306 vertically be installed in pressure roller 302 below, promptly backing roll 306 keeps vertically with the axle line of pressure roller 302, and the second point of contact 302b overlaps with the 3rd point of contact 302c, and it is the pressure roller of 500mm that present embodiment provides diameter.
Be (0 °/90 °) with the preparation fiber alignment below
2Four layers of polyethylene fibre reinforced composites be example, the described compounding machine working method of present embodiment is described, according to following steps:
1) first end that ground floor is not had latitude cloth is placed between pressure roller 302 and the backing roll 306 after adjusting rod 320 through cornerite, adjust hydraulic means and make pressure roller 302 keep the pressure of 5MPa~12MPa to contact with backing roll 306, the machine direction of definition ground floor is that 0 ° of direction, ground floor are 0 ° of shop layer;
2) adjust cornerite and adjust roller 320, the cornerite 312 that makes ground floor not have latitude cloth process pressure roller 302 is 40 °;
3) opening heater makes pressure roller 302 surfaces keep 50 ℃~80 ℃ temperature;
4) second layer is not had latitude cloth and be cut into square, the square length of side does not have latitude cloth width with ground floor and equates, the second layer after reducing is not had latitude cloth be placed on ground floor and do not have on the latitude cloth, the second layer does not have the machine direction of latitude cloth and machine direction that ground floor does not have latitude cloth is 90 ° of angles;
5) open drive unit rotation pressure roller 302, under the effect of frictional force, pressure roller 302 drives backing roll and two-layer no latitude cloth motion, matrix resin is by the pressure roller thermoplastic, under the pressure effect of the backing roll of pressure roller two-layer no latitude cloth is combined with each other, after no latitude cloth left pressure roller and backing roll, matrix resin was cooled, typing obtains first laminated cloth then; Can place the second layer continuously and not have latitude cloth as required, obtain the laminated cloth of designated length;
6) to prepare first second laminated cloth of prepared that laminated cloth is same;
7) be placed between pressure roller 302 and the backing roll 306 behind the end process cornerite regulator roller 320 with first laminated cloth, adjust hydraulic means and make pressure roller and backing roll keep the pressure of 8MPa~16MPa to contact;
8) adjust cornerite and adjust roller 320, making first laminated cloth is 45 ° through the cornerite of pressure roller 302;
9) opening heater makes nip roll 302 keep 60 ℃~100 ℃ temperature;
10) second laminated cloth is placed on first laminated cloth, making four layers of cloth is that 0 °/90 °/0 °/90 ° ply sequence stacks according to machine direction, open drive unit rotation pressure roller 302, under the effect of frictional force, pressure roller drives two laminated cloths and backing roll motion, matrix resin is by pressure roller thermoplastic or fusing, under the pressure effect of pressure roller and backing roll, two laminated cloths are combined with each other, after laminated cloth leaves pressure roller and backing roll, matrix resin is cooled, and typing then obtains four layers of fiber alignment mode and is (0/90 °)
2Laminated cloth.
Laminated cloth is placed in the hot pressing die, is warming up in 80 ℃~100 ℃ scopes, be forced into 10MPa~15MPa, kept the mould constant temperature and pressure 15 minutes~20 minutes, obtain four layers of arrangement mode and be (0/90 °)
2Polyethylene fiber strengthens Compound Fabric, and the surface density of measuring polyethylene fiber enhancing Compound Fabric is 135g/m
2~190g/m
2
10 polyethylene fibers are strengthened Compound Fabric overlay in the hot pressing die, be warming up in 120 ℃~130 ℃, be forced into 18MPa~22MPa, kept the mould constant temperature and pressure 20 minutes~25 minutes, obtain polyethylene fiber and strengthen composite plate.
According to the present invention, the front of described pressure roller refers to the direction of giving along no latitude cloth, and the direction before sending into pressure roller is the front of pressure roller, and the direction that no latitude cloth leaves pressure roller is the back of pressure roller.In order to reach purpose with the preheating of no latitude cloth, described cornerite regulator is positioned at the adjustment of pressure roller front does not have the cornerite of latitude cloth when the pressure roller, described cornerite regulator comprises a transportable roller in position at least, but the invention is not restricted to this, also can comprise the combination of two or more rollers.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.