Background technology
Matrix material had been obtained many impressive progresses in the last few years, had formed an important branch, i.e. " advanced composite material " (ACM, Advanced Composite Materials).The principal feature of ACM is high strength, high-modulus, high temperature resistant and low density.Advanced polymer matrix composites also have the ageing resistance and the fatigue resistance of low-expansion coefficient, high-dimensional stability, brilliance except the characteristic that will have " three high is low ".Wherein thermosetting resin based composites and applied research thereof are importances of advanced composite material research always, wherein the thermoset bimaleimide resin base composite material becomes new research focus with its remarkable performance, bismaleimides (BMI) is a kind of resin system that is derived from by polyimide, and its general molecular formula is:
It is to be the bifunctional compound of active end group with maleimide (MI) because the difference of abutment R, formed of a great variety, the big compounds that performance is different.The BMI cured article has excellent heat resistance, and its temperature of initial decomposition is generally more than 300 ℃, and most of at 400 ℃, the Rapid Thermal decomposition temperature is about 600 ℃.Aerial long term operation temperature is 150~200 ℃, and the short-term use temperature can reach 250~300 ℃, and is much more superior than Resins, epoxy.In the solidification process, the two key generation polyaddition reactions of the C=C in the BMI structure do not have the small molecules volatile matter to overflow, and processing characteristics is superior.But because cured article cross-linking density height causes its fragility big, shock resistance is poor.The BMI that uses is MODIFIED BMI at present, and its shock resistance greatly improves, and has satisfied present needs basically.In addition, BMI also has performances such as good electrical property, chemical resistant properties, moisture-proof heat and radiation hardness.
At present, the BMI resin is considered to thermosetting resin of new generation with fastest developing speed.This resin system has good thermotolerance, mechanical property and electrical property etc.Shortcoming is that prepreg does not almost have stickiness, and composite material toughness is low.Gribello, lotus see luxuriant with BMI and DDM fusion and solution prepolymerization, carry out again thermofixation or with the Resins, epoxy co-curing, prepared and had certain flexible cured article, its HDT is about 200 ℃.Giby-Geigy company developed the XU-292 system in 1984, and the prepreg that makes has good adhesion, and the processing characteristics excellence.U.S. Narmco company utilizes the 5245C bimaleimide resin of two isocyanide acid anhydrides and epoxy resin modification to realize commercialization production, and its processing technology is good, but thermotolerance is low, can only be limited to 130 ℃ and use down.China begins the research work of BMI the seventies in 20th century, enter the eighties after because the needs of aviation aerospace flight technology, researcher has been carried out the further investigation of bimaleimide resin and modification work, and has obtained breakthrough progress.Commercial BMI resin mainly contains QY8911,5405,4501 etc., and these resins are mainly used in the aerospace field.
Special is the QY8911 series plastics of certain type fighter plane development, and its thermotolerance, toughness and manufacturability are all excellent, is first bimaleimide resin that passes through country's evaluation and obtain National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology of China.It with 4,4 '-the ditan bismaleimides is that monomer carries out modification.Wherein:
The I resin is a properties-correcting agent with the allyl group dihydroxyphenyl propane, and its structure is:
Its thermotolerance, toughness and manufacturability are coordinated, can be at 150 ℃ of following life-time service.
It is main properties-correcting agent that the II resin adopts the active low molecular polyether sulfone of the end of following structure:
Contain phenyl ring in the molecular structure, so have good thermotolerance; Sulphur atom in the sulfuryl is in highest oxidation state, and good oxidation-resistance is arranged.Cured article can be 230 ℃ of work down.The II resin can be dissolved in acetone and form true solution, has changed the situation that BMI monomer in the past can only be dissolved in intensive polar solvent, has broken through the big obstacle of one on the complete processing.Goods can satisfy requirements such as present generation aircraft loss of weight, high temperature carrying, low-cost and anti-damage expansion, now have been applied in the multiple model aircraft.
III resin structure formula is as follows:
Contain rotatable ehter bond in the structure, heat-stable isopropyl group is arranged again, thereby superpolymer has lower degree of crosslinking and good toughness and thermotolerance after solidifying.Can be at 150 ℃ of following life-time service.
5405 bimaleimide resins be by 4,4 '-diaminodiphenylmethane bismaleimides, chainextender and linking agent modification form.Have the moulding process suitable with epoxy systems, solidification value is no more than 180 ℃, and 200 ℃ of post-processing temperatures can form stable solution with acetone.Pour mass fracture toughness property and shock strength are respectively 1.5 times and 2.4 times of the similar resin Narmco5245c of the U.S..5405 resins have been used to the matrices of composite material of the full-scale ground simulation part of homemade certain type aircraft composite wing, and relevant application has obtained remarkable progress.
Modern fiber-reinforced resin matrix compound material is to be matrix with the organic synthetic resin, is to strengthen body with synthon, a class novel high polymer material that is composited by certain Technology.They are polycomponent, heterogeneous system on structural form, wherein, resin external phase is the main part of material, play the effect of carrier and tackiness agent, fiber dispersion plays the effect of bearing extraneous load mutually, stress is responsible for transmitting in interface between resin and the fiber, and the quality at interface is one of key factor that directly influences composite property.
The interface is " bridge " between resin and the fiber.If have suitable bonding strength on the two-phase interface, just can form an interfacial layer of coupling mutually, can successfully transmit stress, thereby improve the mechanical and physical performance of matrix material greatly.The interface has attracted a large amount of scientific workers to do a lot of useful researchs for the improvement at interface as one of key factor that determines composite property for a long time, has now become the hot subject of matrix material research work.Polyparaphenylene Ben Bing Er oxazole (PBO, p-phenylene-2,6-benzobi soxazole) fiber has outstanding high-strength (5.8Gpa), Gao Mo (280GPa), high temperature resistant (300 ℃), moisture-proof heat, chemically-resistant and flame retardant resistance, these performances are far superior to existing organic and inorganic fibre, be described as the super fiber of 21 century, just be regarded as aerospace advanced configuration matrix material fiber of future generation once emerging.But its fibrous texture smooth surface, the bad adhesion of the few and resin matrix of active group causes pbo fiber can't bring into play its optimum performance, has limited its application in advanced composite material greatly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is smooth in order to solve present fiber-reinforced resin matrix compound material body structure surface, the bad adhesion of the few and resin matrix of active group, cause pbo fiber can't bring into play its optimum performance, limited the technical problem of its application in advanced composite material greatly, for improving wetting property and the cohesiveness of pbo fiber to bimaleimide resin, thereby improve the interfacial layer that resin and fiber two-phase interface mate mutually and can successfully transmit stress, improve the mechanical and physical performance of matrix material greatly, and provide a kind of interface modification method of continuous P BO fiber reinforcement bimaleimide resin base composite material, continuous P BO fiber is placed in the plasma processing apparatus, adopt lower temperature plasma technology that fiber is carried out surface modification, prepare fiber reinforcement BMI material prepreg with the bimaleimide resin solution impregnation then, adopt the hot press moulding moulding process to make continuous fiber reinforced composite materials at last; Concrete steps are:
Fiber surface modification is handled the pbo fiber that will handle with acetone and deionized water and is put into plasma processing apparatus, utilize lower temperature plasma technology that fiber is carried out surface modification, the intravital air pressure in plasma processing apparatus chamber is low pressure 10~100Pa, normal pressure or high pressure 1.0 * 10
5~10
6Pa, processing power are 20~400W, and the treatment time is 1~30 minute;
Make fiber after the modification of fiber prepreg and quality percentage composition and be 5~50% bismaleimides BMI resin solution impregnation and flood, be prepared into fiber reinforcement BMI material prepreg; Described impregnation temperature is a room temperature, and pulling speed is 1.0m/min, and the frictioning interrod spacing is 0.5~1.0mm, dries by the fire 10~90min in vacuum drying oven, and bake out temperature is 30~50 ℃;
The hot press moulding moulding adopts the hot press moulding moulding process to make the continuous P BO fibre reinforced composites of interface modification; Described die press technology for forming step and condition are:
Preheating temperature reaches more than 100 ℃, and the treatment time is 10~30 minutes;
Gelling temperature reaches 130~140 ℃, and the treatment time is 20~90 minutes;
Solidifying pressure is 1.5~2MPa, and temperature reaches 180 ℃~190 ℃, and the treatment time is 1~3 hour;
After fixing pressure is 1.5~2MPa, and temperature reaches 200~230 ℃, and the treatment time is 1~3 hour;
Cooling temperature is in 100 ℃ of following naturally cooling, the demoulding.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: improve wetting property and the cohesiveness of pbo fiber bimaleimide resin, thereby significantly improve the interface performance of the interfacial layer that resin and fiber two-phase interface mate mutually, can successfully transmit stress, improve the mechanical and physical performance of matrix material greatly, can give full play to the performance of the tec fiber excellence of pbo fiber and BMI polymer matrix composites, the goods that obtained can satisfy the modern industry requirement more and more harsher to matrix material, especially can adapt to modern aircraft industry to matrix material resistance to elevated temperatures and the two excellent harsh requirements of mechanical property.In addition, because the good electromagnetic performance of BMI resin itself, the alternative again Resins, epoxy of material uses as the electromagnet functional materials.
The low-temperature plasma treatment process that the present invention adopts uses more method of modifying to compare with present research, as methods such as surface chemistry etching, modification by copolymerization, coupling agent treatment, corona treatment and radiotreatment, have in treating processes and need not add initiator, solvent, pollute few, operation of equipment is simple, characteristics such as efficient height.
The present invention improves the interface performance of continuous P BO fiber reinforcement bimaleimide resin base advanced composite material by interface modification method.Fiber after surface modification is improving it to resin matrix wetting property and close-burning while, and its matrix material interlayer shearing resistance (ILSS) also is significantly increased, thereby makes it have excellent comprehensive performance more.
Embodiment
The interface modification method of continuous P BO fiber reinforcement bimaleimide resin base composite material, pbo fiber is in plasma processing apparatus, adopt lower temperature plasma technology that fiber is carried out surface modification, prepare fiber reinforcement BMI material prepreg with the bimaleimide resin solution impregnation then, adopt the hot press moulding moulding process to make continuous fiber reinforced composite materials at last; Concrete steps are:
Fiber surface modification is handled the pbo fiber that will handle with acetone and deionized water and is put into plasma processing apparatus, utilize lower temperature plasma technology that fiber is carried out surface modification, described lower temperature plasma technology is meant puts into plasma processing apparatus with fiber, aerating oxygen, nitrogen, ammonia or air, produce a large amount of oxyradicals or nitrogen free radical or other free radical by high pressure, high frequency or radio-frequency drive, free radical and fiber-reactive generate polar group; Under plasmoid, active particle carries out etching to fiber surface; The intravital air pressure in plasma processing apparatus chamber is low pressure 10~100Pa, normal pressure or high pressure 1.0 * 10
5~10
6Pa, processing power are 20~400W, and the treatment time is 1~30 minute;
Make fiber after the modification of fiber prepreg and quality percentage composition and be 5~50% bimaleimide resin solution impregnation and flood, be prepared into fiber reinforcement BMI material prepreg; Its processing condition are: described impregnation temperature is a room temperature, and pulling speed is 1.0m/min, and the frictioning interrod spacing is 0.5~1.0mm, dries by the fire 10~90min in vacuum drying oven, and bake out temperature is 30~50 ℃;
The hot press moulding moulding adopts the hot press moulding moulding process to make the continuous P BO fibre reinforced composites of interface modification; Described hot press moulding moulding process step and condition are:
Preheating temperature reaches more than 100 ℃, and the treatment time is 10~30 minutes;
Gelling temperature reaches 130~140 ℃, and the treatment time is 20~90 minutes;
Solidifying pressure is under 1.5~2MPa, and temperature reaches 180 ℃~190 ℃, and the treatment time is 1~3 hour;
After fixing pressure is under 1.5~2MPa, and temperature reaches 200~230 ℃, and the treatment time is 1~3 hour;
Cooling temperature is in 100 ℃ of following naturally cooling, the demoulding.
Low-temperature plasma adopts high-frequency induction discharge heated air to obtain usually, is the approximately equalised charged particle state of aggregation of positive and negative charge.In the fiber surface etching process, a large amount of oxyradicals that produce in plasma treatment appts, nitrogen free radical etc. react with fiber surface, generate a large amount of oxygen, nitrogenous polar groups of containing, and help the infiltration of fiber and resin.In addition, fiber through above-mentioned surface etch, its surface becomes coarse, can with the effect of resin formation grappling iron, improved wetting property and the cohesiveness of pbo fiber to bimaleimide resin, thereby the interface performance of the interfacial layer that raising resin and fiber two-phase interface mate mutually can successfully transmit stress, improves the mechanical and physical performance of matrix material greatly.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.Employed BMI resin has been contained QY8911-I, II, III and 5,405 four kinds of BMI resins among the embodiment, and wherein a kind of resin of each only use is made matrix material.
Embodiment one
Referring to Fig. 1, the implementation step of the interface modification method of continuous P BO fiber reinforcement bimaleimide resin base composite material:
The fiber surface modification processing successively is placed on continuous P BO fiber respectively soaked in acetone and the deionized water 24 hours, used baking oven to dry down at 110 ℃ after taking out and handled 3 hours.Be wrapped in the continuous P BO fiber of handling on the glass holder uniformly, be positioned over the central zone of radio frequency inductive coupling microwave plasma (ICP) device cavity, the unlatching vacuum pump is evacuated to the vacuum tightness of plasma chamber below the 1Pa, it is that 10~150sccm feeds in the plasma treatment appts that the mass flow controller of adjustments of gas inlet makes the aerating oxygen flow, air pressure remains on 10~100Pa, is to handle under 20~400W 1~30 minute in the plasma body output rating;
Make the fiber prepreg and fiber is taken out rapidly to adopt the method for twining continuously and quality percentage composition be that 5~50% bismaleimides (BMI) resin (in QY8911-I, II, III and 5,405 four kinds a kind of) solution impregnation floods, be prepared into fiber reinforcement BMI material prepreg; Its processing condition are: the impregnation temperature is a room temperature, and pulling speed is 1.0m/min, and the frictioning interrod spacing is 0.5~1.0mm, dries by the fire 10~90min in vacuum drying oven, and bake out temperature is 30~50 ℃;
The hot press moulding moulding adopts the hot press moulding moulding process to make the continuous P BO fibre reinforced composites of interface modification; Described hot press moulding moulding process step and condition are:
Preheating temperature reaches more than 100 ℃, and the treatment time is 10~30 minutes;
Gelling temperature reaches 130~140 ℃, and the treatment time is 20~90 minutes;
Solidifying pressure is under 1.5~2MPa, and temperature reaches 180 ℃~190 ℃, and the treatment time is 1~3 hour;
After fixing pressure is under 1.5~2MPa, and temperature reaches 200~230 ℃, and the treatment time is 1~3 hour;
Cooling temperature is in 100 ℃ of following naturally cooling, the demoulding.
Embodiment two
Referring to Fig. 1, the implementation step of the interface modification method of continuous P BO fiber reinforcement bimaleimide resin base composite material:
As different from Example 1, the continuous P BO fiber of handling is positioned over the central zone of radio frequency inductive coupling microwave plasma (ICP) device cavity after, nitrogen is fed in the plasma treatment appts.Other guide is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment three
Referring to Fig. 1, the implementation step of the interface modification method of continuous P BO fiber reinforcement bimaleimide resin base composite material:
As different from Example 1, the continuous P BO fiber of handling is positioned over the central zone of radio frequency inductive coupling microwave plasma (ICP) device cavity after, ammonia is fed in the plasma treatment appts.Other guide is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment four
Referring to Fig. 1, the implementation step of the interface modification method of continuous P BO fiber reinforcement bimaleimide resin base composite material:
As different from Example 1, the continuous P BO fiber of handling is positioned over the central zone of radio frequency inductive coupling microwave plasma (ICP) device cavity after, air is fed in the plasma treatment appts.Other guide is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment five
Referring to Fig. 1, the implementation step of the interface modification method of continuous P BO fiber reinforcement bimaleimide resin base composite material:
The fiber surface modification processing successively is placed on continuous P BO fiber respectively soaked in acetone and the deionized water 24 hours, used baking oven to dry down at 110 ℃ after taking out and handled 3 hours.Be wrapped in the continuous P BO fiber of handling on the glass holder uniformly, be positioned over the central zone of radio frequency inductive coupling microwave plasma (ICP) device cavity, the unlatching vacuum pump is evacuated to the vacuum tightness of plasma chamber below the 1Pa, it is that 10~150sccm feeds in the plasma treatment appts that the mass flow controller of adjustments of gas inlet makes the aerating oxygen flow, air pressure remains on normal pressure, is to handle under 20~400W 1~30 minute in the plasma body output rating;
Make the fiber prepreg and fiber is taken out rapidly to adopt the method for twining continuously and quality percentage composition be that 5~50% bismaleimides (BMI) resin (in QY8911-I, II, III and 5,405 four kinds a kind of) solution impregnation floods, be prepared into fiber reinforcement BMI material prepreg; Its processing condition are: the impregnation temperature is a room temperature, and pulling speed is 1.0m/min, and the frictioning interrod spacing is 0.5~1.0mm, dries by the fire 10~90min in vacuum drying oven, and bake out temperature is 30~50 ℃;
The hot press moulding moulding adopts the hot press moulding moulding process to make the continuous P BO fibre reinforced composites of interface modification; Described hot press moulding moulding process step and condition are:
Preheating temperature reaches more than 100 ℃, and the treatment time is 10~30 minutes;
Gelling temperature reaches 130~140 ℃, and the treatment time is 20~90 minutes;
Solidifying pressure is under 1.5~2MPa, and temperature reaches 180 ℃~190 ℃, and the treatment time is 1~3 hour;
After fixing pressure is under 1.5~2MPa, and temperature reaches 200~230 ℃, and the treatment time is 1~3 hour;
Cooling temperature is in 100 ℃ of following naturally cooling, the demoulding.
Embodiment six
Referring to Fig. 1, the implementation step of the interface modification method of continuous P BO fiber reinforcement bimaleimide resin base composite material:
As different from Example 5, the continuous P BO fiber of handling is positioned over the central zone of radio frequency inductive coupling microwave plasma (ICP) device cavity after, nitrogen is fed in the plasma treatment appts.Other guide is identical with embodiment 5.
Embodiment seven
Referring to Fig. 1, the implementation step of the interface modification method of continuous P BO fiber reinforcement bimaleimide resin base composite material:
As different from Example 5, the continuous P BO fiber of handling is positioned over the central zone of radio frequency inductive coupling microwave plasma (ICP) device cavity after, ammonia is fed in the plasma treatment appts.Other guide is identical with embodiment 5.
Embodiment eight
Referring to Fig. 1, the implementation step of the interface modification method of continuous P BO fiber reinforcement bimaleimide resin base composite material:
As different from Example 5, the continuous P BO fiber of handling is positioned over the central zone of radio frequency inductive coupling microwave plasma (ICP) device cavity after, air is fed in the plasma treatment appts.Other guide is identical with embodiment 5.
Embodiment nine
Referring to Fig. 1, the implementation step of the interface modification method of continuous P BO fiber reinforcement bimaleimide resin base composite material:
As different from Example 5, after the continuous P BO fiber of handling being positioned over the central zone of radio frequency inductive coupling microwave plasma (ICP) device cavity, with gas (oxygen, nitrogen, ammonia or air) feed in the plasma treatment appts, pbo fiber is under the effect of tractive force, pass through electrion continuously, the processing power of apparatus for low-temperature plasma treatment is 20~400W, time is 1~15 minute and is 5~50% bismaleimides (BMI) resin (QY8911-I with the fiber after the modification and quality percentage composition, II, a kind of in III and 5,405 four kinds) the solution impregnation floods, and is prepared into fiber reinforcement BMI material prepreg.Other guide is identical with embodiment 5.
The continuous fibre of making among the embodiment strengthens BMI resin advanced composite material and has excellent machinery and electromagnetic performance, can satisfy the harsh requirement of aircraft industry field to advanced composite material, can be used as the industrial first-selected matrix material of civilian high-tech again.