CN101513366B - PS-OCT-based three dimension visualized imaging method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a PS-OCT-based three dimension visual nonnasality decayed tooth checking device and a checking method thereof. The method comprises: a polarized light beam is illuminated on an object to be checked by a self-focusing lens, a reflected light carrying the information of the object to be checked returns along the coming way, the reflected light carrying the information of the object to be checked and the reflected light from the exit end face of the self-focusing lens enter into the two arms of an interferometer and return to a coupler through a Faraday polariscope and perform interference; an optical fiber stretcher is adjusted to realize scanning in the longitudinal direction Z and synchronously the object to be checked is scanned in the horizontal direction X by a displacement platform to obtain the two-dimensional information of a certain cross section; the displacement platform is adjusted for carrying out scanning along the direction Y vertical to the cross section to obtain the plural two-dimensional images of different parts of the representative sample; the data is analyzed and processed with a software to obtain the structure and birefringence information of the object to be checked and reconstruct the three dimensional image thereof, and the result is displayed. The invention can realize high precise checking on the teeth without radiation, thus facilitating diagnosis on the decayed tooth.
Description
[technical field]:
The invention belongs to the detection technique field of dental decayed tooth disease, relate to the three-dimensional rebuilding method and the device of PS-OCT (Polarization-Sensitive optical coherent chromatographic imaging) technology and dental decayed tooth structure.
[background technology]:
OCT (optical coherent chromatographic imaging) technology developed rapidly in recent years, another the new biological tissue's imaging technique after ultrasound wave, X ray computer tomography (XCT), Magnetic resonance imaging technology such as (MRI).It is an one with confocal microscopy and hypersensitive Detection Techniques collection, in conjunction with controlling automatically and computer image processing technology, can realize Non-Destructive Testing to biosome simultaneously, can obtain the high resolving power cross-sectional image of biological tissue's internal microstructure.
The dental caries disease is a kind of worldwide oral cavity common disease and frequently-occurring disease, is the main cause that causes oral cavity pain and loss of tooth.According to World Health Organization's recent statistics, the dental caries disease has become the human the third-largest disease after cancer and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.In recent years, though China whole people's oral healthy condition is progressively improved, the morbidity rate of all age group crowd dental caries disease is still very high, and people's life health has been constituted very big threat, so the control of dental caries disease has been become the task of top priority with intervening.Oral bacteria is acidic materials with food conversion, and these acidic materials make and form dental surface and inner demineralization aperture or rotten, thereby formed carious tooth.
The main method of present dental decayed tooth diagnosis is the artificial diagnosis of doctor and adopts the X line imaging.Because early stage caries is to be caused by the inner demineralization of tooth, therefore there is not obvious sign at dental surface, doctor's artificial diagnosis can't diagnose out early stage carious tooth to change, and employing X line imaging technology, though can find the pathology of tooth inside, its resolution is low, shortcoming such as have radiation pollution simultaneously and can not accurately locate, seriously limit the accuracy of early stage caries diagnosis, also patient and doctor have been caused injury simultaneously.
[summary of the invention]:
The objective of the invention is to solve the deficiency of above-mentioned dental decayed tooth diagnostic method, a kind of three-dimensional visualization dental decayed tooth pick-up unit and detection method based on PS-OCT is provided.
PS-OCT technology provided by the invention can obtain the microstructure and the polarization characteristic of tooth inside, can obtain the three-dimensional structure image of tooth simultaneously by three-dimensional visualization technique, comes carious tooth is diagnosed with this.
Three-dimensional visualization dental decayed tooth pick-up unit based on PS-OCT provided by the invention comprises:
Light source: be used for shining measured object, produce the measuring light signal that has measured object information;
The polarization state generator: the light that is used for that light source is sent is adjusted to a specific polarization state (according to optical fiber, the polarization properties of device and sample is regulated, make the output signal that obtains clear) as required;
Optical fiber circulator: wherein 1 port is used for receiving light that light source sends and exports from 2 ports;
GRIN Lens: link to each other with 2 ports of fiber optical circulator, its exit end mask has certain reflectivity, be used for rayed with fiber optical circulator 2 ports output on measured object and a part of light is directly reflected back into 2 ports of optical fiber circulator, and 3 port output, enter 1 port of fiber coupler.Receiving the reflected light that carries sample information simultaneously turns back to 2 ports of optical fiber circulator and from the output of 3 ports, enters 1 port of fiber coupler;
Displacement platform: form by planar stepping motor and example platform, be used for fixing measured object, can drive measured object simultaneously and carry out horizontal two-dimension displacement motion, realize to the horizontal X-axis of sample and the two-dimensional scan of Y-axis;
Fiber coupler: be used for light with 1 port input and be divided into two bundles and enter 3 ports and 4 ports respectively, and enter two arms of interferometer, receive the light that returns from interferometer two arms simultaneously and interfere, and interference signal is penetrated from 2 ports at coupling mechanism;
Adjustable optic fibre delayer: receive the light beam of fiber coupler 3 ports output, be used for the light path of light path is regulated;
Compensated optical fiber: be connected the back of adjustable optic fibre delayer, be used to mate the fiber lengths of interferometer two arms;
Optical fiber stretcher: receive the light beam of fiber coupler 4 ports output, be used for the accurate fast light path of regulating light path, realize scanning to vertical Z direction of measured object;
Two Faraday mirrors: the back that is installed in compensated optical fiber and adjustable optic fibre delayer respectively, be used for two-beam reflected back coupling mechanism that fiber coupler is sent, make it to interfere, simultaneously by Faraday effect, the polarization noise in the elimination optical fiber is to the influence of system performance;
Polarization beam apparatus: be connected with 2 ports of fiber coupler, be used for the interference signal light wave is divided into the mutually perpendicular two bunch polarisations of polarization state;
Two photodetectors: be respectively applied for the level of reception polarization beam apparatus output and the linearly polarized light of vertical both direction, and light intensity signal is converted to voltage signal input capture card;
Data collecting card: be used to gather voltage signal, send into computing machine and handle by after two photodetector conversions, and moving by its I/O mouth control displacement platform;
Computing machine: be the optical fiber stretcher, the polarization state generator, displacement platform provides control signal, is used for simultaneously the output signal of data capture card is handled, and draws the tomographic map of two dimension, uses software to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction, and signal is exported.
A kind of three-dimensional visualization dental decayed tooth detection method based on PS-OCT, this method comprises successively:
1st, measured object tooth sample is placed on the displacement platform;
2nd, open light source, regulate the polarization state generator, the light that light source is sent is adjusted to a specific polarization state (according to optical fiber, the polarization properties of device and sample is regulated, make the output signal that obtains clear) as required;
3rd, the light beam that makes light source send passes through GRIN Lens, produces a reflected light and a transmitted light, and transmitted light is radiated on the measured object;
4th, the reflected light that carries measured object information is returned by original optical path, synthetic a branch of with the reflected light of GRIN Lens outgoing end face, after entering 1 port of fiber coupler, enter interferometer two arms respectively, behind two Faraday mirrors, return the coupling mechanism place and interfere;
5th, the interference signal of the 4th step acquisition is divided into horizontal polarization and vertical polarization two-beam signal behind polarization beam apparatus, enters two photodetectors respectively;
6th, regulate the optical fiber stretcher, measured object is carried out the scanning of vertical Z direction, by displacement platform measured object is carried out the transversal scanning of directions X simultaneously, obtain two-dimensional signal corresponding to a certain transversal section of measured object;
7th, regulate displacement platform it is advanced along the Y direction vertical with transversal section in the 6th step, repeated for the 2nd to 6 step, gather the two-dimensional signal of the different transversal section of measured object;
8th, the light intensity signal that two photodetectors are obtained is sent into computing machine by capture card, and data are analyzed and handled, and draws the structure and the birefringence information of measured object;
9th, rebuild the 3-D view of measured object tooth sample, and the result shown that this method comprises successively:
9.1st, because the transversal section information at a certain position of two dimensional gray image counter sample is scanned in the direction Y direction perpendicular to the transversal section sample by displacement platform, can obtain the two-dimensional images of representative sample different parts.This two-dimensional images is exactly the required raw image data of three-dimensional reconstruction.
9.2nd, image is carried out pre-service.At first select for use median filter that image is handled, remove the salt-pepper noise in the background.More outstanding for the gray-scale value that makes target, as to adopt histogram equalization to regulate image contrast.Come the ground unrest of the filtering overwhelming majority again by setting threshold.Use the profile of sobel operator extraction image then, the profile that extracts like this contains the information of a lot of unwanted organization internals, need remove this part.By expanding outline line is coupled together, can repeat, but constant in order to guarantee size, must the corresponding number of times of corrosion.Handle with eight connected domains more at last, just can extract the outline line of tissue.The background of outline line outside is become black, and the inside keeps the gray-scale value of original image.
9.3rd, resample, each pixel from screen sends a ray according to the direction of observation of setting, this ray passes 3 d data field, select K equidistant sampled point along this ray, and ask on average by the functional value of nearest 8 data points of a certain sampled point of distance, promptly draw the functional value of this sampled point.
9.4th, data are classified,, it is divided into some classes and gives different gray-scale value C and opacity value α for each class data, have the image of transparent effect, the inner structure of reflection 3 d data field with generation according to the data value difference.
9.5th, image is synthetic.The gray-scale value of each sampled point on every ray and opacity value are synthesized after by forward direction, promptly can be obtained sending the gray-scale value at the pixel place of this ray.
Observe the function that has increased rotation and dissectd for convenience.Can realize that with mouse 3-D view rotates around arbitrary axis, use the dissect function of mouse realization simultaneously, can observe the arbitrary plane in the three dimensions to arbitrary face.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect:
The present invention proposes a kind of dental decayed tooth and detect three-dimensional visualization method based on full optical fiber PS-OCT, and the pick-up unit of this method of realization, can realize the high precision to tooth, radiationless detection, its lateral resolution and axial resolution can reach 15um.This method adds the polarization state generator in light path, can obtain structures of samples and birefringence information simultaneously, is convenient to the diagnosis to the dental caries disease.Adopted the optical fiber stretcher that sample is carried out longitudinal scanning, driven sample by displacement platform simultaneously and carry out horizontal two-dimension displacement motion, realized 3-D scanning the tooth sample.Use software that tooth is carried out three-dimensional reconstruction, be convenient to realize visual inspection dental caries.
[description of drawings]:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of PS-OCT three-dimensional visualization dental decayed tooth pick-up unit;
Fig. 2 is the general structure block diagram of PS-OCT three-dimensional visualization dental decayed tooth pick-up unit;
Fig. 3 is the 3-D scanning process synoptic diagram of PS-OCT three-dimensional visualization dental decayed tooth pick-up unit;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the three-dimensional image reconstruction method in the PS-OCT three-dimensional visualization dental decayed tooth detection method;
Fig. 5 is the preprocessing part process flow diagram of the three-dimensional image reconstruction method in the PS-OCT three-dimensional visualization dental decayed tooth detection method;
Fig. 6 is the image synthesizing section synoptic diagram of the three-dimensional image reconstruction method in the PS-OCT three-dimensional visualization dental decayed tooth detection method;
The tooth 3-D view that Fig. 7 is to use PS-OCT three-dimensional visualization dental decayed tooth pick-up unit to obtain.
Among the figure, 101 light sources, 102 polarization state generators, 103 fiber optical circulators, 104 GRIN Lens, 105 displacement platforms, 106 and 108 photodetectors, 107 polarization beam apparatus, 109 capture cards, 110 fiber couplers, 111 adjustable optic fibre delayers, 112 compensated optical fibers, 113 Faraday mirrors, 114 optical fiber stretchers, 115 computing machines.
[embodiment]:
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides based on PS-OCT three-dimensional visualization dental decayed tooth pick-up unit and comprise:
---light source 101: be used for shining measured object, produce the measuring light signal that has measured object information;
---polarization state generator 102: the light that is used for that light source is sent is adjusted to a specific polarization state (according to optical fiber, the polarization properties of device and sample is regulated, make the output signal that obtains clear) as required;
---optical fiber circulator 103: wherein 1 port is used for receiving light that light source sends and exports from 2 ports;
---GRIN Lens 104: link to each other with 2 ports of fiber optical circulator, its exit end mask has certain reflectivity, be used for the rayed of fiber optical circulator 2 ports output is directly reflected back into 2 ports of optical fiber circulator and from the output of 3 ports, enters 1 port of fiber coupler on measured object and with a part of light.Receiving the reflected light that carries sample information simultaneously turns back to 2 ports of optical fiber circulator and from the output of 3 ports, enters 1 port of fiber coupler;
---displacement platform 105: form by planar stepping motor and example platform, be used for fixing measured object, can drive measured object simultaneously and carry out horizontal two-dimension displacement motion, realize to the horizontal X-axis of sample and the two-dimensional scan of Y-axis.The embodiment of displacement platform adopts general in the market automatically controlled displacement platform;
---fiber coupler 110: be used for that the light that 1 port is imported is divided into two bundles and enter 3 ports and 4 ports respectively, and enter two arms of interferometer, receive the light that returns from interferometer two arms simultaneously and interfere, and interference signal is penetrated from 2 ports at coupling mechanism;
---adjustable optic fibre delayer 111: receive the light beam of fiber coupler 3 ports output, be used for the light path of light path is regulated;
---compensated optical fiber 112: be connected the back of optical fiber stretcher, be used to mate the fiber lengths of interferometer two arms;
---optical fiber stretcher 114: receive the light beam of fiber coupler 4 ports output, be used for the accurate fast light path of regulating light path, realize scanning to vertical Z direction of measured object;
---two Faraday mirrors 113: the back that is installed in compensated optical fiber and adjustable optic fibre delayer respectively, be used for two-beam reflected back coupling mechanism that fiber coupler is sent, make it to interfere, simultaneously by Faraday effect, the polarization noise in the elimination optical fiber is to the influence of system;
---polarization beam apparatus 107: be connected with 2 ports of fiber coupler, be used for the interference signal light wave is divided into the mutually perpendicular two bunch polarisations of polarization state;
---two photodetectors 106 and 108: be respectively applied for the level that receives polarization beam apparatus output and the vertical linearly polarized light of both direction, and light intensity signal is converted to voltage signal input capture card;
---data collecting card 109: be used to gather voltage signal, send into computing machine and handle by after two photodetector conversions, and moving by its I/O mouth control displacement platform;
---computing machine 115: be the optical fiber stretcher, the polarization state generator, displacement platform provides control signal, is used for simultaneously the output signal of data capture card is handled, and draws the tomographic map of two dimension, uses software to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction, and signal is exported.
The general structure of PS-OCT three-dimensional visualization platform mainly comprises the hardware and software two large divisions as shown in Figure 2.
Three-dimensional visualization dental decayed tooth detection method based on PS-OCT comprises successively:
1st, measured object tooth sample is placed on the displacement platform;
2nd, open light source 101, regulate polarization state generator 102, the light that light source 101 is sent is adjusted to a specific polarization state (according to optical fiber, the polarization properties of device and sample is regulated, make the output signal that obtains clear) as required;
3rd, the light beam that makes light source send passes through GRIN Lens 104, produces a reflected light and a transmitted light, and transmitted light is radiated on the measured object;
4th, the reflected light that carries measured object information is returned by original optical path, synthetic a branch of with the reflected light of GRIN Lens 104 outgoing end faces, after entering 1 port of fiber coupler 110, enter interferometer two arms respectively, behind two Faraday mirrors 113, return the coupling mechanism place and interfere;
5th, the interference signal of the 4th step acquisition is divided into horizontal polarization and vertical polarization two-beam signal behind polarization beam apparatus 107, enters two photodetectors 106 and 108 respectively;
6th, as shown in Figure 3, regulate optical fiber stretcher 114, measured object is carried out the scanning of vertical Z direction, carry out the transversal scanning of directions X by 105 pairs of measured objects of displacement platform simultaneously, obtain two-dimensional signal corresponding to a certain transversal section of measured object;
7th, regulate displacement platform 105 it is advanced along the Y direction vertical with transversal section in the 6th step, repeated for the 2nd to 6 step, gather the two-dimensional signal of the different transversal section of measured object;
8th, two photodetectors 106 and 108 light intensity signals that obtain are sent into computing machine by capture card, data are analyzed and handled, draw the structure and the birefringence information of measured object;
9th, call the 3-D view of software rebuild measured object tooth sample, and the result is shown.
The flow process of three-dimensional reconstruction software as shown in Figure 4, at first because the transversal section information at a certain position of two dimensional gray image counter sample, by displacement platform sample is scanned in the direction Y direction perpendicular to the transversal section, can obtain the two-dimensional images of representative sample different parts.This two-dimensional images is exactly the required raw image data of three-dimensional reconstruction.(i, j k) are distributed on the net point of uniform grid or regular grid this software algorithm supposition three-dimensional data f.Because background gray levels in the original two dimensional view data and the Dentinal gray-scale value of organization internal can make a big impact to reconstructed results on same level like this, thus before rebuilding, to become background gray levels earlier complete black, just 0.In order to reach this purpose, as long as extract the outline line of tissue.Be described in detail the pretreated process of this image below.
This preprocessing process as shown in Figure 5.At first owing to salt-pepper noise in the background is many, so select for use median filter to handle.Median filter is for the noise immediately of certain type, outstanding denoising ability is provided, fog-level than undersized linear smoothing wave filter is obviously low, and impulsive noise is very effective for handling, because this noise is superimposed upon on the image with black-white point.Next step, more outstanding for the gray-scale value that makes target, the contrast that adopts histogram equalization to regulate image.Come the ground unrest of the filtering overwhelming majority again by setting threshold.Use the profile of sobel operator extraction image then.The profile that extracts like this contains the information of a lot of unwanted organization internals, and its outline line has the place of disconnection, need be for further processing.Handle and can couple together outline line by reexpansion, but constant in order to guarantee size, must the corresponding number of times of corrosion.Handle with eight connected domains more at last, remove internal information, promptly can extract the outline line of tissue.Eight connected domains can find in all outline lines maximum, and record position.After the outline line of organizing has been arranged the background of outline line outside is become black, the inside keeps original gray-scale value.So just eliminated the influence of ground unrest.
Be to resample then, each pixel from screen sends a ray according to the direction of observation of setting, this ray passes 3 d data field, select K equidistant sampled point along this ray, and ask on average by the functional value of nearest 8 data points of a certain sampled point of distance, obtain the functional value of this sampled point.Before doing resampling, the 3 d data field that needs to have functional value converts corresponding image coordinate to by object coordinates.
Next step is classified to data, its objective is difference according to functional value, correct is divided into it some classes and gives different gray-scale value C and opacity value α for each class data, wherein α=1 represents this object opaque fully, α=0 expression is transparent fully, in the hope of the different distributions of the correct multiple material of expression or the different attribute of one matter, generate have transparent effect image, the inner structure of reflection 3 d data field.This algorithm is partly to carry out imaging at corona at present, it is made up of enamel and dentine two parts, through checking repeatedly, we use gray-scale value C is that 230 opacity α 0.03 represent the enamel part, gray-scale value C is that 70 opacity α 0.1 represent the dentine part, to obtain distinct image.
The final step of this algorithm is that image is synthetic, is about to the gray-scale value of each sampled point on every ray and opacity value and is synthesized after by forward direction, promptly can obtain sending the gray-scale value at the pixel place of this ray.By the image composition algorithm behind the forward direction is from front to back the gray-scale value and the opacity of various sampled points to be synthesized together along ray, to obtain final image.As shown in Figure 5, the gray-scale value of establishing i sampled point is C
Now, opacity is α
Now, the gray-scale value that enters i sampled point is C
In, opacity is α
In, be C through the gray-scale value behind i the sampled point
Out, opacity is α
Out, then have:
C
outα
out＝C
inα
in+C
nowα
now(1-α
in)，α
out＝α
in+α
now(1-α
in)
Be described as follows in conjunction with Fig. 6 and table 1 pair of image building-up process:
The gray-scale value of supposing the 1st sampled point is 70, and opacity is 0.1, because it is the 1st sampled point, the gray-scale value of its outgoing is identical with the numerical value of itself with opacity.Next carry out the calculating of the 2nd sampled point, the gray-scale value of the 1st sampled point outgoing and opacity are as the gray-scale value and the opacity of the 2nd sampled point incident, be respectively 70 and 0.1, the gray-scale value of the 2nd sampled point own is 230, opacity is 0.03,, the gray-scale value that can be drawn its outgoing by top formula is 104.016, opacity is 0.127, calculates with this incident gray-scale value and opacity as the 3rd sampled point.By that analogy, can obtain the gray-scale value and the opacity of each sampled point of back.
Table 1
| Sampled point |
1? | 2? | 3? | 4? |
| The gray-scale value C of i sampled point now | 70? | 230? | 230? | 70? |
| The opacity α of i sampled point now | 0.1? | 0.03? | 0.03? | 0.1? |
| Enter the gray-scale value C of i sampled point in | 0? | 70? | 104.016? | 125.711? |
| Enter the opacity α of i sampled point in | 0? | 0.1? | 0.127? | 0.153? |
| Through the gray-scale value C behind i the sampled point out | 70? | 104.016? | 125.711? | 105.726? |
| Through the opacity α behind i the sampled point out | 0.1? | 0.127? | 0.153? | 0.238? |
By the image behind the forward direction synthetic absorption and scattering model based on light, major advantage has, after by forward direction, carry out in the image building-up process, opacity α is inevitable progressively to be increased, the image that this pixel is described has approached opaque fully, the sampled point of back can not contributed to some extent to the image of this pixel, thereby can no longer calculate, and can improve speed.
Observe the function that has increased rotation and dissectd in addition for convenience.Can realize that with mouse 3-D view rotates around arbitrary axis, use the dissect function of mouse realization simultaneously, can observe the arbitrary plane in the three dimensions to arbitrary face.The dental imaging of use software rebuild as shown in Figure 7.
Claims (1)
1. three-dimensional visualization formation method based on PS-OCT, this method comprises successively:
1st, measured object tooth sample is placed on the displacement platform;
2nd, open light source, regulate the polarization state generator, the light that light source is sent according to the polarization property of optical fiber, device and sample is adjusted to a specific polarization state as required, makes the output signal that obtains clear;
3rd, the light beam that makes light source send passes through GRIN Lens, produces a reflected light and a transmitted light, and transmitted light is radiated on the measured object;
4th, the reflected light that carries measured object information is returned by original optical path, synthetic a branch of with the reflected light of GRIN Lens outgoing end face, enter 1 port of fiber coupler, the light that fiber coupler is imported 1 port is divided into two bundles and enters 3 ports and 4 ports respectively, and enter two arms of interferometer, interfere through two Faraday mirror reflection back into optical fibers coupling mechanism places;
5th, the interference signal of the 4th step acquisition is divided into horizontal polarization and vertical polarization two-beam signal behind polarization beam apparatus, enters two photodetectors respectively;
6th, regulate at 4 ports of fiber coupler and the optical fiber stretcher between the Faraday mirror, measured object is carried out the scanning of vertical Z direction, by displacement platform measured object is carried out the transversal scanning of directions X simultaneously, obtain two-dimensional signal corresponding to a certain transversal section of measured object;
7th, regulate displacement platform it is advanced along the Y direction vertical with transversal section in the 6th step, repeated for the 2nd to 6 step, gather the two-dimensional signal of the different transversal section of measured object;
8th, the light intensity signal that two photodetectors are obtained is sent into computing machine by capture card, and data are analyzed and handled, and draws the structure and the birefringence information of measured object;
9th, rebuild the 3-D view of measured object tooth sample, and the result shown that it comprises:
9.1st, because the transversal section information at a certain position of two dimensional gray image counter sample, by displacement platform sample is scanned in the direction Y direction perpendicular to the transversal section, can obtain the two-dimensional images of representative sample different parts, described two-dimensional images is exactly the required raw image data of three-dimensional reconstruction;
9.2nd, image is carried out pre-service, at first selects for use median filter that image is handled, remove the salt-pepper noise in the background, for the gray-scale value that makes target more outstanding, the contrast that adopts histogram equalization to regulate image; Come the ground unrest of the filtering overwhelming majority again by setting threshold; Use the profile of sobel operator extraction image then, handle that by reexpansion outline line is coupled together, and corrode corresponding number of times; Handle with eight connected domains more at last, just can extract the outline line of tissue, the background of outline line outside is become black, the inside keeps the gray-scale value of original image;
9.3rd, resample, each pixel from screen sends a ray according to the direction of observation of setting, this ray passes 3 d data field, select K equidistant sampled point along this ray, and ask on average by the functional value of nearest 8 data points of a certain sampled point of distance, promptly draw the functional value of this sampled point;
9.4th, data are classified,, it is divided into some classes and gives different gray-scale value C and opacity value α for each class data, have the image of transparent effect, the inner structure of reflection 3 d data field with generation according to the data value difference;
9.5th, image is synthetic, and the gray-scale value of each sampled point on every ray and opacity value are synthesized after by forward direction, promptly can obtain sending the gray-scale value at the pixel place of this ray, and wherein synthetic method is according to following formula:
C
outα
out＝C
inα
in+C
nowα
now(1-α
in)，α
out＝α
in+α
now(1-α
in)
Wherein, the gray-scale value of i sampled point is C
Now, opacity is α
Now, the gray-scale value that enters i sampled point is C
In, opacity is α
In, be C through the gray-scale value behind i the sampled point
Out, opacity is α
Out
9.6th, observe for convenience, the function that has increased rotation and dissectd can realize that with mouse 3-D view rotates around arbitrary axis, uses the dissect function of mouse realization to arbitrary face simultaneously, can observe the arbitrary plane in the three dimensions.
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