CN101511487B - Electrostatic sorting apparatus and method of electrostatic sorting - Google Patents

Electrostatic sorting apparatus and method of electrostatic sorting Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101511487B
CN101511487B CN200780032746.9A CN200780032746A CN101511487B CN 101511487 B CN101511487 B CN 101511487B CN 200780032746 A CN200780032746 A CN 200780032746A CN 101511487 B CN101511487 B CN 101511487B
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mentioned
electrode
electrostatic field
electrostatic
flow
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CN101511487A (en
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远藤康博
松村光家
椋田宗明
田中章人
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/08Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary flat electrodes arranged with their flat surfaces parallel to the gas stream
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/14Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/14Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation the gas being moved electro-kinetically

Abstract

An electrostatic sorting apparatus characterized by including earth electrode (1) disposed on one side of the falling path of sorting object; high-voltage application electrode (2) disposed on the other side of the falling path so as to be opposite to the earth electrode (1); first air current generating means for generating an air current in a direction imparting a drag to gravity to either an electrostatic field occurring between the earth electrode (1) and the high-voltage application electrode (2) or separation space (77) provided inferior to the earth electrode (1) and the high-voltage application electrode (2), or both thereof; and second air current generating means for generating an air current against the electrostatic field occurring between the earth electrode (1) and the high-voltage application electrode (2) in parallel to the electrostatic field.

Description

Electrostatic sorting apparatus and method of electrostatic sorting
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrostatic sorting apparatus, particularly utilize air-flow to choose electrostatic sorting apparatus and the method for electrostatic sorting of object.
Background technology
As general electrostatic sorting apparatus, following electrostatic sorting apparatus is arranged: make the mixture that consisted of by the different material of frictional electrification order become in the negative or positive electrode any one by frictional electrification, make charged mixture by in the electrostatic field that between electrode, occurs, thereby utilize the difference of electrostatic force to choose.
In addition, as the sorting plant that can realize the selection that the general electrostatic sorting apparatus of ratio of precision is high, the electrostatic sorting apparatus of known following vibrating transportation formula: the vibrating electrode of inclination is set and above vibrating electrode across the electrostatic attraction electrode of separated space configuration, to applying high voltage between above-mentioned two electrodes separated space is made as electrostatic field, and make above-mentioned vibrating electrode vibration with the direction conveyance plastic pellet beyond incline direction, thereby the below of the plastic pellet adipping of charged one-tenth and vibrating electrode identical polar is moved; On the other hand, the plastic pellet that makes charged one-tenth and vibrating electrode opposite polarity moves along the conveyance direction of vibrating electrode, by the difference of charged characteristic, to particle classify (for example with reference to patent documentation 1).
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2002-346434 communique (the 2nd page the 2nd~17 row, Fig. 5)
In the electrostatic sorting apparatus in the past of patent documentation 1 record, except the electrode that is used for occuring electrostatic field and high tension voltage, also need to possess vibration generation source.Owing to vibrate in that electrode is applied under the high-tension state, thus complex structure and the costliness of device be difficult to realize maximizing, so might be used for requiring the recovery plants (recycleplant) etc. of a large amount of processing.In addition, the blending ratio, particle diameter, the shape of particle that become the mixture of selection object are in fact different, so produce deviation or skew in the carried charge of particle, its result might reduce the selection precision of electrostatic sorting apparatus.
Summary of the invention
The present invention finishes in order to solve such problem, and its purpose is to provide at an easy rate a kind of stable and high-precision electrostatic sorting apparatus.
In order to solve above-mentioned problem, electrostatic sorting apparatus of the present invention is characterised in that to possess: at the first electrode of the side configuration that falls the path of choosing object; The second electrode in the relative configuration with the first electrode of the opposite side that falls the path; And the first air-flow generating unit, to the electrostatic field that produces between the first electrode and the second electrode and be arranged in above-mentioned the first electrode and above-mentioned the second electrode below a side or two sides of separated space, along the direction generation air-flow that provides the resistance of gravity.
The present invention possesses the first air-flow generating unit, to the electrostatic field that produces between the first electrode and the second electrode and be arranged in above-mentioned the first electrode and above-mentioned the second electrode below a side or two sides of separated space, along the direction generation air-flow that provides the resistance of gravity, so stable and high-precision sorting plant can be provided at an easy rate.
Purpose of the present invention, feature, aspect and advantage will be clearer and more definite according to following detailed explanation and accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure skeleton diagram of the electrostatic sorting apparatus of embodiments of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the structure skeleton diagram of the electrostatic sorting apparatus of embodiments of the present invention 2.
Fig. 3 is the structure skeleton diagram of the electrostatic sorting apparatus of conventional art.
Fig. 4 is the structure skeleton diagram of the electrostatic sorting apparatus of embodiments of the present invention 3.
Fig. 5 is the structure skeleton diagram of the electrostatic sorting apparatus of embodiments of the present invention 4.
The specific embodiment
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention are described.
(embodiment 1)
Fig. 1 is the structure skeleton diagram of the electrostatic sorting apparatus of embodiments of the present invention 1.As shown in Figure 1, it is that interval with 50cm is oppositely arranged that the earth electrode 1 of width 50cm (the first electrode) and high pressure apply electrode 2 (the second electrode), becomes the path that falls of selection object between two electrodes.In addition, above two electrodes, be provided with and send exhaust apparatus 7, below two electrodes, dispose positively charged particle returnable 61 and electronegative particle returnable 62.High pressure applies electrode 2 and is connected with high voltage source 5, is applied in the voltage of 40kV, between two electrodes electrostatic field occurs.In addition, the first electrode and the second electrode also can be that earth electrode 1 and high pressure apply any one in the electrode 2.
At this moment, if make the mixture that consisted of by charged particle by stir etc. charged after by in the electrostatic field, then before charged particle arrives positively charged particle returnable 61 or electronegative particle returnable 62, the positively charged particle attracted to and electrode 1 side and electronegative particle are set attracted to high pressure and apply electrode 2 sides.Its result, the mixture that is made of charged particle is chosen into respectively positively charged particle and electronegative particle.
For example, at proportion 1, particle diameter 3mm, have+the positively charged particle 31 of the electric charge of 1.0nC in, do not have the circulation of air and particle freely falls in such general electrostatic sorting apparatus in the past in electrostatic field, the displacement that attracted to the horizontal direction of earth electrode 1 side by electrostatic force during till particle arrives returnable is about 7.5cm.Relative with it, in the electrostatic sorting apparatus of embodiments of the present invention 1, send 7 pairs of electrostatic fields of exhaust apparatus along the direction generation air stream 41 that provides the resistance of gravity by what use was configured in electrode top.For example, if the flow velocity of air stream 41 is made as 7.5m/s, then the acceleration that falls of particle becomes about 1/2 when freely falling, this period particle to be subject to time of electrostatic force elongated.Its result, the displacement that attracted to the horizontal direction of earth electrode 1 side by electrostatic force during till particle arrives returnable becomes about 15cm, and the selection precision improves.In addition, compare with sorting plant in the past, can be with in order to obtain the lower voltage required with the displacement of the same 7.5cm of sorting plant in the past to about 1/2.
Thus, the selection object prolongs by the time ratio of electrostatic field in the past, so the selection precision improves.In addition, can be reduced to the selection precision that obtains and be equal in the past and required voltage.
In addition, in embodiments of the present invention 1, used air stream 41, even but replace air stream 41 and the air-flow of use nitrogen or other gases, same effect also obtained.
(embodiment 2)
Fig. 2 is the structure skeleton diagram of the electrostatic sorting apparatus of embodiments of the present invention 2.Embodiments of the present invention 2 are characterised in that the distance between electrode and the returnable is longer than embodiment 1.
As shown in Figure 2, it is that interval with 30cm is oppositely arranged that the earth electrode 1 of width 8cm (the first electrode) and high pressure apply electrode 2 (the second electrode), becomes the path that falls of selection object between two electrodes.In addition, above two electrodes, be provided with and send exhaust apparatus 7, in the position configuration that separates the separated space 77 of 60cm from two electrodes downwards positively charged particle returnable 61 and electronegative particle returnable 62 are arranged.High pressure applies electrode 2 and is connected with high voltage source 5, is applied in the voltage of 30kV, between two electrodes electrostatic field occurs.In addition, the first electrode and the second electrode also can be that earth electrode 1 and high pressure apply any one in the electrode 2.
At this moment, if make the mixture that consisted of by charged particle by stir etc. charged after by in the electrostatic field, then before charged particle arrives positively charged particle returnable 61 or electronegative particle returnable 62, the positively charged particle attracted to and electrode 1 side and electronegative particle are set attracted to high pressure and apply electrode 2 sides.Its result, the mixture that is made of charged particle is chosen into respectively positively charged particle and electronegative particle.Separated space 77 is the spaces that arrange between the positively charged particle returnable 61 of earth electrode 1 and the high pressure below configuration that applies electrode 2 and the electronegative particle returnable 62.Electrostatic force does not occur in separated space 77, but fall in the process at particle, the motion of the suffered horizontal direction of particle is continued between electrode, thus the spaces that can increase particle from.
For example, at proportion 1, particle diameter 3mm, have+the positively charged particle 31 of the electric charge of 1.0nC in, do not have the circulation of air and particle freely falls in such general electrostatic sorting apparatus in the past in electrostatic field, the displacement that attracted to the horizontal direction of earth electrode 1 side by electrostatic force during till particle arrives returnable is about 15cm.Relative with it, in the electrostatic sorting apparatus of embodiments of the present invention 2, send 7 pairs of electrostatic fields of exhaust apparatus and separated space 77 along the direction generation air stream 41 that provides the resistance of gravity by what use was configured in electrode top.For example, if the flow velocity of air stream 41 is made as 7.5m/s, then the acceleration that falls of particle become free-falling about 1/2, this period particle to be subject to time of electrostatic force elongated.In addition, in separated space 77 also along providing the direction to the resistance of gravity to produce air stream 41, so the spaces that can further increase particle from.Its result, the displacement that attracted to the horizontal direction of earth electrode 1 side by electrostatic force during till particle arrives returnable becomes about 30cm, and the selection precision improves.In addition, compare with sorting plant in the past, can be with in order to obtain the lower voltage required with the displacement of the same 15cm of sorting plant in the past to about 1/2.
In addition, in embodiments of the present invention 2, used air stream 41, even but replace air stream 41 and the air-flow of use nitrogen or other gases, same effect also obtained.
(embodiment 3)
In embodiments of the present invention 3, the mixing ratio of having put down in writing the mixture of the charged particle that becomes the selection object is not the picking method that waits simultaneously.The mixing ratio of actual charged particle is not that situation about being equal to is more, if the mixing ratio of positively charged particle and electronegative particle is offset to one party, then produces difference when making particle by frictional electrification in carried charge.In addition, if the mixing ratio that is 1: 4 as positively charged particle 31 and the electronegative particle 32 of proportion 1, particle diameter 3mm, then the carried charge with respect to positively charged particle 31 is+0.6nC, the carried charge of electronegative particle 32 becomes-0.15nC about.
Fig. 3 is the structure skeleton diagram of the electrostatic sorting apparatus of conventional art.As shown in Figure 3, it is that interval with 10cm is oppositely arranged that the earth electrode 1 of width 8cm and high pressure apply electrode 2, and the separated space that separates 60cm downwards from two electrodes arranges positively charged particle returnable 61 and electronegative particle returnable 62.High pressure applies electrode 2 and is connected with high voltage source 5, is applied in the voltage of 40kV, between two electrodes electrostatic field occurs.At this moment, if make the mixture that is consisted of by charged particle by charged passing through afterwards in the electrostatic field such as stirrings, then positively charged particle 31 and earth electrode 1 collision, and be attached to earth electrode 1, perhaps rebound to a side of electronegative particle returnable 62, so the selection precision step-down of mixture.In addition, till electronegative particle 32 arrives returnable during to attracted to the displacement that high pressure applies the horizontal direction of electrode 2 sides by electrostatic force be about 9cm.
Fig. 4 is the structure skeleton diagram of the electrostatic sorting apparatus of embodiments of the present invention 3.Be with the discrepancy of the sorting plant in the past of Fig. 3, electrode is made as netted earth electrode 11 and netted high pressure applies electrode 21, is provided with for what apply electrode 21 side generation air streams 41 along the direction parallel with electrostatic field from the netted high pressure of netted earth electrode 11 side direction in netted earth electrode 11 sides and send exhaust apparatus 7.Particularly, as shown in Figure 4, it is that interval with 10cm is oppositely arranged that the netted earth electrode 11 of width 8cm (the first electrode) and netted high pressure apply electrode 21 (the second electrode), becomes the path that falls of selection object between two electrodes.In addition, the separated space that separates 60cm downwards from two electrodes is provided with positively charged particle returnable 61 and electronegative particle returnable 62, is provided with for sending exhaust apparatus 7 along the direction generation air stream 41 parallel with electrostatic field in netted earth electrode 11 sides.Netted high pressure applies electrode 21 and is connected with high voltage source 5, is applied in the voltage of 40kV, between two electrodes electrostatic field occurs.In addition, the first electrode and the second electrode also can be that netted earth electrode 11 and netted high pressure apply any one in the electrode 21.
In addition, if the flow velocity of air stream 41 is made as 5.8m/s, then positively charged particle 31 is suppressed with the phenomenon of netted earth electrode 11 collisions, simultaneously electronegative particle 32 attracted to the displacement that netted high pressure applies the horizontal direction of electrode 21 sides becomes about 20cm, chooses as can be known ratio of precision sorting plant in the past and improves.
Thus, can suppress by the selection object in the electrostatic field and the phenomenon of electrode collide.
In addition, in embodiments of the present invention 3, used air stream 41, even but replace air stream 41 and the air-flow of use nitrogen or other gases, same effect also obtained.
(embodiment 4)
Fig. 5 is the structure skeleton diagram of the electrostatic sorting apparatus of embodiments of the present invention 4.Embodiments of the present invention 4 are characterised in that, for to the electrostatic field that produces between the electrode and be positioned at two electrodes below separated space along the direction generation air stream that provides the resistance of gravity, and along parallel direction generation air stream, and configuration is along the exhaust apparatus that send of separately direction generation air stream to electrostatic field.
As shown in Figure 5, it is that interval with 10cm is oppositely arranged that the netted earth electrode 11 of width 8cm (the first electrode) and netted high pressure apply electrode 21 (the second electrode), becomes the path that falls of selection object between two electrodes.In addition, the separated space 77 that separates 60cm downwards from two electrodes disposes reticular zone positive electricity particle returnable 63 and reticular zone negative electricity particle returnable 64.Netted high pressure applies electrode 21 and is connected with high voltage source 5, is applied in the voltage of 40kV, between two electrodes electrostatic field occurs.In addition, send exhaust apparatus 7 what netted earth electrode 11 sides were provided for applying along the direction parallel with electrostatic field from the netted high pressure of netted earth electrode 11 side direction electrode 21 side generation air streams 41, and then below netted returnable, arrange and send exhaust apparatus 71 to electrostatic field and separated space along providing direction to the resistance of gravity that second of the second air stream 42 occurs.In addition, the first electrode and the second electrode also can be that netted earth electrode 11 and netted high pressure apply any one in the electrode 2.
In sorting plant in the past shown in Figure 3, if make the mixture that is consisted of by the positively charged particle 31 after charged and electronegative particle 32 by in the electrostatic field, then positively charged particle 31 and earth electrode 1 collision, attracteding to the displacement that high pressure applies the horizontal direction of electrode 2 sides by electrostatic force during till electronegative particle 32 arrives returnable is about 9cm.
Relative with it, in the electrostatic sorting apparatus of embodiments of the present invention 4, if for example the flow velocity of air stream 41 is made as 5.8m/s, the flow velocity of the second air stream 42 is made as 7.5m/s, then positively charged particle 31 is suppressed with the phenomenon of netted earth electrode 11 collisions, and till arriving returnable during to the about 28cm of netted earth electrode 11 side shiftings, electronegative particle 32 till arriving returnable during apply the about 24cm of electrode 21 side shiftings to netted high pressure.Therefore, can consist of the electrostatic sorting apparatus that to realize the selection under the abundant high accuracy.
Thus, the time of selection object by electrostatic field is than prolonging in the past, so the selection precision improves, can be reduced to the selection precision that obtains and be equal in the past and required voltage.And then, can suppress by the selection object in the electrostatic field and the phenomenon of electrode collide.
In addition, in embodiments of the present invention 4, used air stream 41, even but replace air stream 41 and the air-flow of use nitrogen or other gases, same effect also obtained.
More than describe the present invention in detail, but above-mentioned explanation only is an example, and the invention is not restricted to above-mentioned explanation.Can not depart from the scope of the present invention and obtain not illustrative countless variation.

Claims (14)

1. electrostatic sorting apparatus is characterized in that possessing:
The first electrode in the side configuration that falls the path of choosing object;
The second electrode in the relative configuration with above-mentioned the first electrode of the opposite side that falls the path; And
The first air-flow generating unit is to the electrostatic field that produces between above-mentioned the first electrode and above-mentioned the second electrode, along the direction generation air-flow that provides the resistance of gravity, to prolong above-mentioned selection object by the time of above-mentioned electrostatic field.
2. electrostatic sorting apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that, above-mentioned the first air-flow generating unit comprises and send exhaust apparatus, the above-mentioned top of sending exhaust apparatus to be configured in above-mentioned the first electrode and above-mentioned the second electrode.
3. electrostatic sorting apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also possesses the netted returnable that reclaims above-mentioned selection object,
Above-mentioned the first air-flow generating unit comprises and send exhaust apparatus, the above-mentioned below of sending exhaust apparatus to be configured in above-mentioned netted returnable.
4. electrostatic sorting apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also possesses the returnable that separates the above-mentioned selection object of space reclamation below above-mentioned the first electrode and above-mentioned the second electrode,
Above-mentioned the first air-flow generating unit to above-mentioned space also along the direction generation air-flow that provides the resistance of gravity.
5. electrostatic sorting apparatus is characterized in that possessing:
The first electrode in the side configuration that falls the path of choosing object;
The second electrode in the relative configuration with above-mentioned the first electrode of the opposite side that falls the path; And
The air-flow generating unit, to the electrostatic field that between above-mentioned the first electrode and above-mentioned the second electrode, produces, along the direction generation air-flow parallel with this electrostatic field,
Above-mentioned the first electrode and above-mentioned the second electrode are netted,
The said flow generating unit comprises and send exhaust apparatus, and the above-mentioned exhaust apparatus that send is configured in any side in above-mentioned the first electrode and above-mentioned the second electrode.
6. electrostatic sorting apparatus is characterized in that possessing:
The first electrode in the side configuration that falls the path of choosing object;
The second electrode in the relative configuration with above-mentioned the first electrode of the opposite side that falls the path;
The first air-flow generating unit is to the electrostatic field that produces between above-mentioned the first electrode and above-mentioned the second electrode, along the direction generation air-flow that provides the resistance of gravity; And
The second air-flow generating unit is to the electrostatic field that produces between above-mentioned the first electrode and above-mentioned the second electrode, along the direction generation air-flow parallel with this electrostatic field.
7. electrostatic sorting apparatus according to claim 6 is characterized in that, also possesses the returnable that separates the above-mentioned selection object of space reclamation below above-mentioned the first electrode and above-mentioned the second electrode,
Above-mentioned the first air-flow generating unit to above-mentioned space also along the direction generation air-flow that provides the resistance of gravity.
8. method of electrostatic sorting is characterized in that possessing:
(a) step of generation electrostatic field;
(b) the above-mentioned electrostatic field to occuring by above-mentioned steps (a) is along the direction generation air-flow that provides the resistance of gravity, to prolong the step of above-mentioned selection object by the time of above-mentioned electrostatic field; And
(c) step that in the mode by above-mentioned electrostatic field the selection object is fallen.
9. method of electrostatic sorting according to claim 8 is characterized in that, above-mentioned steps (b) comprises and by the effect from the top of above-mentioned electrostatic field the step of said flow occurs.
10. method of electrostatic sorting according to claim 8 is characterized in that, also possesses the step that (k) reclaims the selection object that falls,
The container that reclaims is netted, and above-mentioned steps (b) comprises and by the effect from the below of said vesse the step of said flow occurs.
11. method of electrostatic sorting according to claim 8 is characterized in that, also possesses (l) separates the above-mentioned selection object of space reclamation below the electrode that above-mentioned electrostatic field occurs step,
In the above-mentioned steps (b), air-flow also along the direction that provides the resistance of gravity, is occured in above-mentioned space.
12. a method of electrostatic sorting is characterized in that possessing:
(d) step of generation electrostatic field;
(e) the above-mentioned electrostatic field to occuring by above-mentioned steps (d) is along the step of the direction generation air-flow parallel with this electrostatic field; And
(f) step that in the mode by above-mentioned electrostatic field the selection object is fallen,
Wherein, the electrode that above-mentioned electrostatic field occurs is netted, and above-mentioned operation (e) comprises by the effect from any side in the above-mentioned electrode, and the step of said flow occurs.
13. a method of electrostatic sorting is characterized in that possessing:
(g) step of generation electrostatic field;
(h) the above-mentioned electrostatic field to occuring by above-mentioned steps (g) is along the step that provides the direction generation air-flow of the resistance of gravity;
(i) the above-mentioned electrostatic field to occuring by above-mentioned steps (g) is along the step of the direction generation air-flow parallel with this electrostatic field; And
(j) step that in the mode by above-mentioned electrostatic field the selection object is fallen.
14. method of electrostatic sorting according to claim 13 is characterized in that, also possesses (l) separates the above-mentioned selection object of space reclamation below the electrode that above-mentioned electrostatic field occurs step,
In the above-mentioned steps (h), air-flow also along the direction that provides the resistance of gravity, is occured in above-mentioned space.
CN200780032746.9A 2006-12-21 2007-05-11 Electrostatic sorting apparatus and method of electrostatic sorting Expired - Fee Related CN101511487B (en)

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