CN101508298A - 确定混合动力系系统固定齿轮运行电动机转矩分配的方法和控制结构 - Google Patents

确定混合动力系系统固定齿轮运行电动机转矩分配的方法和控制结构 Download PDF

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CN101508298A
CN101508298A CNA2008101910954A CN200810191095A CN101508298A CN 101508298 A CN101508298 A CN 101508298A CN A2008101910954 A CNA2008101910954 A CN A2008101910954A CN 200810191095 A CN200810191095 A CN 200810191095A CN 101508298 A CN101508298 A CN 101508298A
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motor
torque
power
storing device
electric power
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CN101508298B (zh
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A·H·希普
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
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    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
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Abstract

本发明涉及确定混合动力系系统固定齿轮运行电动机转矩分配的方法和控制结构。本发明提供一种确定混合动力系系统固定齿轮运行电动机转矩分配的方法和控制结构,机电变速器可操作来将发动机和第一电机与第二电机产生的机械转矩传递至输出部件。电机电动操作地连接至能量存储系统用于它们之间的电功率流动。机电变速器的运行方法包括在固定齿轮运行范围状态中运行机电变速器,基于电功率约束和电动机转矩约束在能量存储系统和第一电机与第二电机之间确定最小功率流以满足操作者转矩需求,基于最小功率流指令控制第一电机的电动机转矩,以及基于最小功率流、发动机的转矩输入以及第一电机受指令控制的电动机转矩指令控制第二电机的电动机转矩,以满足在固定齿轮运行范围状态的操作者转矩需求。

Description

确定混合动力系系统固定齿轮运行电动机转矩分配的方法和控制结构
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2007年11月7日提交的美国临时申请No.60/986046的权益,在此以引用方式将该临时申请并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及应用机电变速器的动力系的控制系统。
背景技术
本部分中的陈述仅是为了提供与本公开有关的背景信息,可能并不构成现有技术。
已知的动力系结构包括转矩产生装置,其包括内燃机和电机,转矩产生装置经过变速器装置将转矩传递至输出部件。一个示例性的动力系包括双模式、复合分配、机电变速器,其利用输入部件接收来自主动力源的动力转矩,主动力源优选为内燃机,以及输出部件。输出部件可被可操作地耦接至机动车的传动系,用于将牵引转矩传递至动力系。可作为电动机或发电机运行的电机独立于内燃机的转矩输入而产生至变速器的转矩输入。电机可以将经过车辆传动系传递的车辆动能转换为能够存储在电能存储装置中的电势能。控制系统监控来自车辆和操作者的各种输入,并且提供动力系的可操作控制,包括控制变速器运行状态与换档,控制转矩产生装置,以及调节电能存储装置和电机之间的电力交换来控制变速器的输出,包括转矩与转速。
发明内容
机电变速器可操作来将发动机和第一电机与第二电机产生的机械转矩传递至输出部件。电机电操作地连接至能量存储系统用于它们之间的电功率流动。机电变速器的运行方法包括在固定齿轮(或档位)运行范围状态中运行机电变速器,基于电功率约束和电动机转矩约束在能量存储系统和第一电机与第二电机之间确定最小功率流以满足操作者转矩需求,基于最小功率流指令控制第一电机的电动机转矩,以及基于最小功率流、发动机转矩输入以及受指令控制的第一电机的电动机转矩,指令控制第二电机的电动机转矩,以满足在固定齿轮运行范围状态中的操作者转矩需求。
附图说明
参照附图,现将借助于示例描述一个或多个实施例,其中:
图1是根据本发明的示例性动力系的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的用于控制系统和动力系的示例性结构(或构造)的示意图;以及
图3-5是根据本发明的图形描述。
具体实施方式
现参考附图,其中的所表示的内容仅用来图示出特定的示例性实施例,而不用于限制目的,图1和2描绘了示例性的机电混合动力系。图1中描绘了根据本公开内容的示例性的机电混合动力系,所述机电动力系包括双模式、复合分配(compound split)、机电混合变速器(或传动装置)10,所述变速器10可操作(或有效)地连接至发动机14和第一电机与第二电机(MG-A)56与(MG-B)72。发动机14及第一电机与第二电机56和72每个均产生可被传递至变速器1O的功率。由发动机14及第一电机与第二电机56和72产生并被传递至变速器10的功率通过本文中分别称为TI,TA,TB的输入和电动机转矩以及本文中分别称为NI,NA,NB的速度进行描述。
示例性的发动机14包括多缸内燃机,所述多缸内燃机可在几种状态下选择性地运行,从而经由输入轴12将转矩传递至变速器10,并且所述多缸内燃机可以是点燃式或压燃式发动机。发动机14包括可操作(或有效)地耦接(或联接)至变速器10的输入轴12的曲轴(未示出)。转速传感器11监控输入轴12的转速。由于将例如液压泵(未示出)和/或转矩管理装置(未示出)的转矩消耗部件(或组件)放置在所述发动机14和所述变速器1O之间的输入轴12上,包括转速与输出转矩的发动机14的功率输出可不同于至变速器10的输入速度NI与输入转矩TI
示例性的变速器1O包括三组行星齿轮装置(或三个行星齿轮组)24、26与28,以及四个可选择性地接合的转矩传递装置,即离合器C1 70,C2 62,C373以及C4 75。如本文中使用的,离合器指的是任何类型的摩擦转矩传递装置,例如包括单盘或复合盘式离合器或组、带式离合器以及制动器等。优选地由变速器控制模块(以下为TCM)17控制的液压控制回路(或线路)42可操作地控制离合器状态。离合器C2 62和C4 75优选地包括使用液压的旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70和C3 73优选地包括液压控制的固定装置,所述固定装置可选择性地接地至(或置于(grounded))变速器壳体68。每个离合器C1 70,C2 62,C373以及C4 75均优选地使用液压,经由液压控制回路42选择性地接收加压的液压流体。
第一电机与第二电机56和72优选地包括三相AC(交流)电机,每个电机均包括定子(未示出)与转子(未示出)以及相应的旋转变压器80和82。用于每个电机的电动机定子接地至变速器壳体68的外部,并且包括定子铁心,所述定子铁心带有从其中延伸出来的盘绕(或卷绕)的电绕组。用于第一电机56的转子被支撑于毂衬齿轮上,所述毂衬齿轮经由第二行星齿轮装置26可操作地附接至轴60。用于第二电机72的转子固定地附接至套轴毂66。
每个旋转变压器80和82优选地包括可变磁阻装置,所述可变磁阻装置包括旋转变压器定子(未示出)和旋转变压器转子(未示出)。旋转变压器80与82适当地定位并装配在相应的第一电机与第二电机56和72上。旋转变压器80和82的相应的定子可操作地连接用于第一电机与第二电机56和72的其中一个定子。旋转变压器转子可操作地连接用于相对应的第一电机与第二电机56和72的转子。每个旋转变压器80和82信号地且可操作地连接至变速器功率变换器控制模块(以下为TPIM)19,且每个TPIM 19感测并监控旋转变压器转子相对于旋转变压器定子的旋转位置,由此监控相应的第一电机与第二电机56和72的旋转位置。此外,中断来自旋转变压器80与82的信号输出以分别提供用于第一电机与第二电机56和72的转速,即,NA和NB
变速器10包括输出部件64,例如可操作地连接至用于车辆(未示出)的传动系90的轴,以提供输出功率例如至车轮93,其中一个车轮示于图1中。通过输出转速NO与输出转矩TO表征所述输出功率。变速器输出速度传感器84监控输出部件64的转速与旋转方向。每个车轮93优选地配备有适于监控轮速VSS-WHL的传感器94,轮速的输出由针对图2描述的分布式控制模块系统的控制模块来监控,以确定车速,以及用于制动控制、牵引控制和车辆加速度管理的绝对与相对的轮速。
来自发动机14的输入转矩及来自第一电机与第二电机56和72的电动机转矩(分别为TI,TA及TB)由燃料或存储在电能存储装置(以下为ESD)74中的电势的能量转化而生成。ESD 74经由DC(直流)传递导体27高压DC耦接至TPIM 19。传递导体27包括接触器开关38。当接触器开关38闭合时,在正常运行下,电流可以在ESD 74与TPIM 19之间流动。当接触器开关38断开时,中断ESD 74与TPIM 19之间的电流。TPIM 19通过传递导体29将电力传递至第一电机56和从第一电机56传出电力,且TPIM 19类似地通过传递导体31将电力传递至第二电机72和从第二电机72传出电力,响应第一电机与第二电机56和72的转矩指令以满足电动机转矩TA与TB。根据ESD 74正在充电或放电,电流被传递至ESD 74或从ESD 74传出。
TPIM 19包括一对(或成对的)功率变换器(未示出)和相应的电动机控制模块(未示出),其构形(或配置)成用于接收电动机转矩指令,并且由所述指令控制变换器状态,用来提供电动机驱动或再生功能来满足受指令控制的电动机转矩TA和TB。功率变换器包括已知的补偿三相功率电子装置,并且每个补偿三相功率电子装置均包括多个绝缘栅双极晶体管(未示出),所述绝缘栅双极晶体管用于通过高频切换将ESD 74的DC功率转换为AC功率,用来为相应的第一电机与第二电机56和72提供功率。所述绝缘栅双极晶体管形成为构形成用于接收控制指令的开关模式电源。对于每个三相电机的每一相典型地存在有一对绝缘栅双极晶体管。控制所述绝缘栅双极晶体管的状态以提供电动机驱动机械功率生成或电力再生功能。三相变换器经由DC传递导体27接收或供给DC功率,并将其转换为三相AC功率或从三相AC功率转换而来,所述三相AC功率分别经由传递导体29与31被传导至第一电机与第二电机56和72或从所述第一电机与第二电机56和72传导而来,用于将第一电机与第二电机56和72作为电动机或发电机运行。
图2是分布式控制模块系统的示意性框图。以下描述的元件包括整车控制结构(或构造)的子系统,并提供图1中所描述的示例性动力系的协调的系统控制。所述分布式控制模块系统综合相关的信息和输入,并执行算法来控制各种致动器以满足控制目的,包括涉及燃油经济性、排放、性能、驾驶性能以及包含ESD74的电池及第一电机与第二电机56和72的硬件的保护的目的。所述分布式控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(以下为ECM)23,TCM 17,电池组控制模块(以下为BPCM)21,以及TPIM 19。混合动力控制模块(以下为HCP)5提供ECM23,TCM 17,BPCM 21与TPIM 19的监管控制与协调。用户界面(UI)13可操作地连接至多个装置,通过所述多个装置,车辆操作者控制或指引机电混合动力系的运行。这些装置包括从中确定操作者转矩需求的加速器踏板113(AP),操作者制动器踏板112(BP)、变速器齿轮(或档位)选择器114(PRNDL),以及车速巡航控制(未示出)。变速器齿轮选择器114可具有操作者可选择位置的离散数字(或许多分离的操作者可选择位置),包括输出部件64的旋转方向,以实现前进与倒退方向之一。
前述的控制模块经由局域网(以下为LAN)总线6与其它控制模块,传感器以及致动器相通讯。LAN总线6允许在各个控制模块之间的运行参数的状态与致动器指令信号的结构化通讯。使用的特定通信协议为专用的。LAN总线6与适当的协议提供用于前述的控制模块与提供包括诸如防抱死制动、牵引控制和车辆稳定性的功能的其它控制模块之间的稳定的信息传送及多重控制模块接口连接。多重通讯总线可用于提高通讯速度,并且提供一定级别的信号冗余度与完整性。单个控制模块之间的通讯也可使用例如串行外设接口(SPI)总线(未示出)的直接联接。
HCP5提供混合动力系的监管控制,用于ECM23,TCM17,TPIM19以及BPCM21的协调运行。基于来自用户界面13以及包括ESD74的混合动力系的各种输入信号,HCP5确定各种指令,包括操作者转矩需求(或转矩请求)、至传动系90的输出转矩指令(T指令(TCMD))、发动机输入转矩指令、用于变速器10的应用的转矩传递离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,C4 75的离合器转矩(T 合器(TCL)),以及用于第一电机与第二电机56和72的电动机转矩指令TA和TB。TCM 17可操作地连接至液压控制回路42,并且提供各种功能,其中包括监控各种压力传感装置(未示出),且产生控制信号,并将控制信号传送至各电磁线圈(未示出),由此控制包含在液压控制回路42中的压力开关与控制阀。
ECM23可操作地连接至发动机14,并且起从传感器获取数据和在多条分离的线路上控制发动机14的致动器的作用,为了简化起见,多条分离的线路表示为集合的双向接口(或对接)电缆35。所述ECM23从HCP5接收发动机输入转矩指令。所述ECM23确定在当时基于监控的发动机速度与载荷的那点提供至变速器10的实际发动机输入转矩TI,其被传送至HCP5。所述ECM23监控来自转速传感器11的输入以确定发动机对于输入轴12的输入速度,所述输入速度被转变为变速器输入速度NI。所述EC M23监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入以确定其它发动机运行参数的状态,包括例如歧管压力、发动机冷却剂温度,环境空气温度以及环境压力。例如,可以由歧管压力,或可替换地由监控操作者对加速器踏板113的输入来确定发动机载荷。所述ECM 23产生并传送指令信号以控制发动机致动器,包括例如燃料喷射器、点火模块,以及节气门控制模块,这些内容均未示出。
TCM17可操作地连接至变速器10,并且监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入以确定变速器运行参数的状态。所述TCM 17生成并传送指令信号来控制变速器10,包括控制液压控制回路42。从TCM17至HCP5的输入包括估算的用于每个离合器,即C170,C262,C373以及C475,的离合器转矩以及输出部件64的输出转速NO。为了控制目的,可使用其它致动器与传感器以将附加信息从TCM17提供至HCP5。所述TCM17监控来自压力开关(未示出)的输入,并且选择性地致动压力控制电磁线圈(未示出)和液压控制回路42的切换(或换档)电磁线圈(未示出),以选择性地致动各种离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,以及C4 75,从而达到如下文所述的各种变速运行(或工作)范围状态。
BPCM21信号地连接至传感器(未示出)以监控包括电流与电压参数的状态的ESD 74,以将ESD 74的电池的参数状态的指示信息提供至HCP 5。电池的参数状态优选地包括电池充电状态、电池电压、电池温度,以及有效电池功率,指的是P电池-最小至P电池-最大(PBAT_MIN至PBAT_MAX)的范围。
每个控制模块ECM23,TCM17,TPIM19和BPCM21优选地为通用的数字计算机,包括微处理器或中央处理器,存储介质,其包括只读存储器(ROM),随机存取存储器(RAM),电子可编程只读存储器(EPROM),高速时钟,模数(A/D)与数模(D/A)电路,输入/输出电路与装置(I/O),以及适当的信号调节与缓冲电路。每个控制模块都具有一组控制算法,包括存储在存储介质之一中并被执行以提供每个计算机的相应功能的驻存程序指令和校准。控制模块之间的信息传递优选地使用LAN总线6与SPI总线来完成。在预设的循环周期期间执行控制算法,使得每个算法在每个循环周期中执行至少一次。存储在非易失存储装置中的算法由中央处理器之一执行,以监控来自传感装置的输入,并且执行控制与诊断程序以利用预设的校准控制致动器的运行。以常规(或规则)的时间间隔执行循环周期,例如在混合动力系的当前运行过程中每隔3.125,6.25,12.5,25以及100毫秒执行。可替换地,可响应于事件的发生而执行算法。示例性的混合动力系选择性地以几种运行范围状态之一运行,所述状态可通过发动机状态与变速器运行范围状态进行描述,其中所述发动机状态包括发动机工作状态(ON)与发动机停止状态(OFF)之一,而所述变速器状态包括多个固定齿轮(或档位)与连续变量运行模式,以下参照表1描述。
表1
Figure A200810191095D00121
在该表中描述了每个变速器运行范围状态并指示每个运行范围状态中应用的是特定离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73以及C4 75中的哪个。为了“接地”第三行星齿轮装置28的外部齿轮元件,仅通过使用离合器C1 70来选择第一连续变量模式,即EVT模式1,或者M1。发动机状态可以为ON(M1发动机工状态(M1_Eng_On))或OFF(M1发动机停止状态(M1_Eng_Off)。仅通过使用离合器C2 62来选择第二连续变量模式,即EVT模式2,或者M2,以将轴60连接至第三行星齿轮装置28的承载件(或载架)。发动机状态可以为ON(M2_Eng_On)或者OFF(M2_Eng_Off)。为了说明的目的,当发动机状态为OFF(停止)时,发动机输入速度等于每分钟零转(RPM),即发动机曲轴不旋转。固定齿轮(或档位)运行提供变速器10的输入与输出速度的固定比率运行,即NI/NO。通过使用离合器C1 70和C4 75选择第一固定齿轮运行(G1)。通过使用离合器C1 70和C2 62选择第二固定齿轮运行(G2)。通过使用离合器C2 62和C4 75选择第三固定齿轮运行(G3)。通过使用离合器C2 62和C3 73选择第四固定齿轮运行(G4)。由于行星齿轮24,26及28中降低的传动比,因此输入与输出速度的固定比率运行随着升高的固定齿轮运行而提高。第一电机与第二电机56和72的转速NA和NB分别取决于如由离合器耦合所限定的机构的内部转速,并且与输入轴12处测量的输入速度成比例。
响应于如由用户界面13所获取的经由加速器踏板113与制动器踏板112的操作者输入,HCP5以及一个或多个其它控制模块确定转矩指令,以控制转矩产生装置,包括发动机14和第一电机与第二电机56和72,以此来满足在输出部件64处并且传递至传动系90的操作者转矩需求。基于来自用户界面13和包括ESD74的混合动力系的输入信号,所述HCP5分别确定操作者转矩需求,从变速器10至传动系90的受指令控制的输出转矩,来自发动机14的输入转矩,用于变速器10的转矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75的离合器转矩;以及用于第一电机与第二电机56和72的电动机转矩,如下所述。
最终的车辆加速度会受其它因素的影响,包括例如道路负荷,道路坡度,以及车辆重量。基于混合动力系的各种运行特性,确定变速器10的运行范围状态。这包括操作者转矩需求,其如前所述的通过加速器踏板113和制动器踏板112传送至用户界面13。所述运行范围状态能够以由指令产生的混合动力系转矩要求为基础,以在电能生成模式或转矩生成模式中运行第一电机与第二电机56和72。所述运行范围状态可以通过最佳算法或程序确定,其基于操作者对功率,电池充电状态,以及发动机14和第一电机与第二电机56和72的能量效率的要求而确定最佳系统效率。控制系统基于执行的最佳程序的结果来管理来自发动机14和第一电机与第二电机56和72的转矩输入,因此最佳化系统效率来管理燃料经济性与电池充电。而且,可以基于部件(或组件)或系统中的故障确定运行。HCP5监控转矩产生装置,并且确定响应于输出部件64处所希望的输出转矩的所需要的来自变速器10的功率输出,以此来满足操作者转矩需求。如从以上描述中显而易见的,ESD74和第一电机与第二电机56和72电动可操作地耦接,用于传递它们之间的功率流。而且,发动机14,第一电机与第二电机56和72,以及机电变速器10机械可操作地耦接来传递它们之间的功率,从而产生至输出部件64的功率流。
参照以上详细描述的机电动力系而详细描述的控制程序包括运行双模式混合动力系来最小化电池功率,同时满足在其中一个固定齿轮(或档位)运行范围状态下的操作者转矩需求。控制程序包括在其中一个固定齿轮运行范围状态下运行变速器10,即借助应用并锁定的两个离合器向输出部件64的传递转矩。操作者转矩需求TO_需求(TO_REQ)与发动机输入转矩TI一起被监控并确定。基于操作者转矩需求和发动机输入转矩TI确定在ESD74以及第一电机与第二电机56和72之间的最小功率流。基于确定的来自能量存储系统的最小功率流控制来自第一电机与第二电机56和72中的一个的转矩输出。基于发动机输入转矩TI以及分别用于第一电机与第二电机56和72的转矩指令TA和TB,来控制来自第一电机与第二电机56和72中的另一个的转矩输出,这使得来自ESD74的功率流最小化以满足在固定齿轮运行范围状态中的操作者转矩需求。这将在下文中详细描述。
当在其中一个固定齿轮(或档位)运行状态运行变速器10时,分别用于第一电机与第二电机56和72的电动机转矩指令TA和TB可以参照以下通式确定:
T A = [ k 1 ] T B + [ k 2 ] T o + [ k 3 ] T 1 + [ k 4 ] [ N · 1 ] + [ k 5 ] [ N 1 ] + [ k 6 ] T CL _ N 1 T CL _ N 2 - - - [ 1 ]
其中项k1-k6包括适当大小的矢量,所述矢量包括基于动力系系统的物理特征确定的系数,例如齿轮比。在公式1中,输出转矩TO是已知的,其试图匹配操作者转矩需求TO_REQ。输入转矩TI是已知的,变速器输入和输出速度NI和NO也是已知的。并且,
Figure A200810191095D00142
Figure A200810191095D00143
表示输入和输出速度的变化率,其优选为预定的。(r离合器 _NI(TCL_NI))和(T离合器_N2(TCL_N2))包括用于在特定固定齿轮运行期间不使用的两个离合器的作用离合器转矩。存在有单自由度TB,由此TA可以被确定,因此为分别用于第一电机与第二电机56和72的电动机转矩指令TA和TB提供了无限多个解。公式1可以简化为如下的公式2A或者2B。
TA=α*TB+β                  [2A]
TB=c1*TA+c2                [2B]
此外,为了最小化电池功率(P电池(PBAT)),以TB作为受到TA和PBAT限制的独立变量,并且替换公式2B所述的TB=c1TA+c2,电池系统公式写为公式3:
PBAT=(a2TA 2+a1TA+a0)+(b2TB 2+b1TB+b0)+PDCLOAD
    =(a2TA 2+a1TA+a0)+(b2(c1TA+c2)2+b1(c1TA+c2)+b0)+PDCLOAD         [3]
其中,an,bn,cn包括标量值。
公式3的内容可以简化为公式4中TA的二次函数。
PBAT=d2TA 2+d1TA+d0          [4]
而且,因子dn包括标量值。
图3图示地描绘了用于第一电机56的示例性数据,其在用于第一电机56的电动机转矩的转矩状态TA的有效范围上绘出,第一电机56的电动机转矩状态TA是电池功率PBAT的函数,图3包括基于用于第一电机56的电动机转矩状态TA的范围,从最小到最大电动机转矩,即TA_最小至TA_最大(TA_MIN至TA_MAX)绘出的电池功率PBAT的抛物线。最佳或优选的解由最小和最大电池功率P电池_最小(PBAT_MIN)和P电池_最大(PBAT_MAX)界定或限制,作为对应于电池功率的最小状态的电动机转矩而描绘。
通过对于公式4的TA进行偏微分并求解,导出最佳解,如公式5中所示:
dP BAT d T A = 2 * d 2 * T A + d 1 = 0 - - - [ 5 ]
得到TA *的最佳解,其包括用于第一电机56的电动机转矩状态TA,在此处电池功率PBAT最小,如下所示。
TA *=d1/2*d2             [6]
如前所述并再次参见图3所示,基于来自其中一个电机,例如第一电机56的转矩输出的来自ESD 74的功率流实际上是一条抛物线。也可以推导出用于第二电机72和TB的类似的最佳解。
在ESD 74和第一电机与第二电机56和72之间的最小功率流按如下方式确定,使用图形描绘和公式。ESD 74的电池功率的最大和最小约束,即PBAT_MIN和PBAT_MAX以及相对应的第一电机与第二电机56和72的电动机转矩约束,即TA_MIN,TA_MAX和TB_MIN,TB_MAX可向在本文中指的是XY-空间的第二运行区域线性转变,并参照图4以TX_MIN、TX_MAX和TY_MIN、TY_MAX描绘。电池功率约束PBAT_MIN和PBAT_MAX被线性变换为XY-空间的半径(R最小和R最大(RMIN和RMAX))如下所示。
基于ESD74的约束,电池功率约束PBAT_MIN和PBAT_MAX向XY-空间线性转变。电池功率PBAT如下面的公式7计算:
PBAT=PA_ELEC+PB_ELEC+PDC_LOAD       [7]
其中,(PA_电())PA_ELEC))包括来自第一电机56的电功率,
(RB_电(PB_ELEC))包括来自第二电机72的电功率,以及
(PDC_负荷(PDC_LOAD))包括含有附加荷载的已知DC系统载荷。
用公式替换PA_ELEC和PB_ELEC,得到公式8:
PBAT=(PA_MECH+PA_LOSS)+(PB_MECH+PB_LOSS)+PDC_LOAD      [8]
其中,(PA_机械(PA_MECH))包括来自第一电机56的机械功率,
(PA_损失(PA_LOSS))包括来自第一电机56的功率损失,
(PB_机械(PB_MECH))包括来自第二电机72的机械功率,以及
(PB_损失(PB_LOSS))包括来自第二电机72的功率损失。
公式8可重新表述为如下公式9,其中电动机速度NA和NB和电动机转矩TA和TB可以用来替换功率PA和PB。这包括电动机和变换器损失可以数学建模为基于转矩的二次方程的假设。
PBAT=(NATA+(a1(NA)TA 2+a2(NA)TA+a3NA)))    [9]
+(NBTB+(b1(NB)TB 2+b2(NB)TB+b3NB)))+PDC_LOAD
其中,NA,NB包括第一电机与第二电机56和72的转速,
TA,TB包括第一电机与第二电机56和72的电动机转矩,以及
a1,a2,a3,b1,b2,b3的每一个均包括相应的电动机速度NA和NB的函数的二次项系数。
公式9可重新表述为如下公式10。
PBAT=a1*TA 2+(NA+a2)*TA+b1*TB 2+(NB+B2)*TB+a3+b3+PDC_LOAD         [10]
公式10可以简化为如下公式11。
PBAT=R2+C                      [11]
公式11实际上得到了用于第一电机56的电动机转矩的变换,即TA向TA_X的变换,以及用于第二电机72的电动机转矩的变换,即TB向TB_Y的变换。由[TA_X,TB_Y]限定的矢量解释为电池功率PBAT。因此,最大和最小电池功率PBAT_MAX和PBAT_MIN可被计算出并用在变换的XY-空间中以点(0,0)为中心的半径RMAX和RMIN图解示出,如图4所示。最小和最大电池功率PBAT_MIN和PBAT_MAX优选与ESD74的各种状态相关,例如充电、温度、电压和使用率(安培-时/时)的状态。上述参数C定义为在不考虑电动机转矩限制,给定速度NA、NB情况下的绝对最小可能的电池功率,并包括ESD74上DC荷载的表示。
电动机转矩约束,即TA_MIN,TA_MAX和TB_MIN,TB_MAX被线性变换为TX_MIN,TX_MAX和TY_MIN,TY_MAX。电动机转矩值TA和TB被变换为在TX和TY的维度中描述的矢量,如以下公式12所示。
T X T Y = A 1 0 0 B 1 * T A T B + A 2 B 2 - - - [ 12 ]
其中,TX为TA的线性变换,
TY为TB的线性变换,以及
A1,A2,B1,B2包括标量值。
描绘了用于输出转矩TO的常量状态表示线。输出转矩可以在对应于(0,0)的(TX,TY)的无操作者转矩需求以及对应于(TX_MAX,TY_MAX)的(TX,TY)的最大操作者转矩需求之间的范围内变化。所示的常量输出转矩TO的表示线穿过电动机转矩约束以及电池功率约束,并表示出第一电机与第二电机56和72满足低于实际发动机输入转矩TI的操作者转矩需求TO_REQ的能力。在这样的电动机转矩和电池功率的约束的变换中,系统约束问题被简化为在线之间以及线与圆之间计算和寻找交点,以此来确定最小功率流,并确定来自第一电机56的最佳电动机转矩输出,即TA,以及来自第二电机72的最佳电动机转矩输出,即TB
在公式12中确定的变形的矢量[TX/TY]在由RMIN和RMAX确定的转矩空间同时解出,来确定来自第一电机与第二电机56和72的输出转矩,其与TX/TY空间中的第一运行空间和第二运行空间是共同的(或相通)。
在公式13中提供了在固定齿轮运行时电动机转矩的不受约束的最佳解,其包括公式11的重新表述形式,其中电池功率通过TX/TY空间限定,如下所示:
PBAT=TX 2+TY 2+C            [13]
通过使用公式12,公式13可变换为公式14,如下所示:
PBAT=(A1TA+A2)2+(B1TB+B2)2+C      [14]
电池功率对TA求偏导,得到公式15,如下所示。
dP BAT d T A = ∂ P BA T · ∂ T A + ∂ P BAT ∂ T B ( ∂ T B ∂ T A ) - - - [ 15 ]
使公式15的结果等于零以最优化电池功率的变化。
用于电动机转矩TA和TB的最佳值可以利用前述线性变换参照TX/TY空间,即TX *和TY *来确定。
如前所述,将公式向TX/TY空间转换得到下式。
PBAT=TX 2+TY 2+C=(A1TA+A2)2+(B1TB+B2)2+C
   =(a1TO+a2)2+(bITO+b2)2+C
PBAT对输出转矩TO求偏导得到公式16,如下所示。
dP BAT dT O = 2 a 1 ( a 1 T o + a 2 ) + 2 b 1 ( b 1 T o + b 2 ) - - - [ 16 ]
为了最优化PBAT,设偏导数值为零并求解,如以下公式17所示。
T o * = - a 1 a 2 - b 1 b 2 a 1 2 + b 1 2 - - - [ 17 ]
由此,在公式18A和18B中示出TX/TY空间的最佳解,如下所示。
P B AT * = ( T x * ) 2 + ( T Y * ) 2 + C = ( 1 + a 1 2 b 1 2 ) ( T x * ) 2 + C - - - [ 18 A ]
P BAT * = ( T x * ) 2 + ( T Y * ) = ( a 2 b 1 - a 1 b 2 ) 2 a 1 2 + b 1 2 + C - - - [ 18 B ]
在TX/TY空间中来自第一电机56的最佳电动机转矩和来自第二电机72的最佳电动机转矩简化为公式19,如下所示。
TY=(B2/A2)*TX          [19]
图5中的线A图形描绘出最佳电动机转矩分配(split),包括在(0,0)以及TA=0、TB=0的XY-空间中的点,如为电动机转矩约束所限定的点,即A2=0、B2=0。线A在XY-空间中以一系列A2=B2的点的形式出现。
由此,在XY-空间中经过点(0,0)和(A2=0,B2=0)的线A垂直于线TO,得到TX和TY的最佳值。由此在XY-空间中的最佳转矩(TX_最佳和TY_最佳(TX_OPT和TY_OPT))可以被确定并变换至AB空间,得到用于第一电机与第二电机56和72的最佳转矩值TA_OPTT和TB_OPT以及用于在固定齿轮运行范围状态中的其中之一的变速器10的运行而限定的ESD74的电池功率约束。在运行中,对于给定的输出转矩TO的优选的电动机转矩TA_OPT和TB_OPT在正运行期间导出,或者在发动机和系统开发期间被脱机开发和预校准。控制第一电机56的电功率流以满足最佳电动机转矩TA_OPT并控制第二电机72的电功率流以达到最佳电动机转矩TB_OPT。来自第一电机与第二电机56和72的电动机转矩通过变速器10结合输入转矩TI以满足操作者转矩需求TO_REQ
本公开描述了某些优选实施例及其修改。根据阅读和理解本说明书可以做出更多的修改和替代。因此,本公开不应限于实现本公开的预期最好模式的特定实施例,而应包括落在所附权利要求范围内的所有实施例。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于运行机电变速器的方法,所述机电变速器可操作将源自发动机和第一电机与第二电机的机械转矩传递至输出部件,所述电机电操作地连接至能量存储系统用于它们之间的电功率流动,所述方法包括:
在固定齿轮运行范围状态中运行所述机电变速器;
基于电功率约束和电动机转矩约束,在所述能量存储系统和所述第一电机与第二电机之间确定最小功率流以满足操作者转矩需求;
基于所述最小功率流控制来自第一电机的电动机转矩;以及
基于所述最小功率流、来自所述发动机的转矩输入以及来自所述第一电机的受指令的电动机转矩指令来自所述第二电机的电动机转矩,以满足在固定齿轮运行范围状态的所述操作者转矩需求。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,其还包括:基于所述能量存储装置的所述电功率流约束确定来自所述第一电机的所述电动机转矩输出,以及来自所述第二电机的电动机转矩输出,其最小化在所述能量存储系统和所述第一电机之间的电功率流。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,其包括:基于所述电功率约束和电动机转矩约束确定来自所述第一电机的所述电动机转矩输出以满足所述操作者转矩需求。
4.根据权利要求3的方法,其特征在于,确定所述能量存储装置的所述电功率约束包括:基于电池充电状态、电池温度和电流吞吐量确定来自所述能量存储装置的最大和最小电功率输出。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,其包括:基于所述电功率约束和所述电动机转矩约束以及基于所述发动机转矩输入,确定在所述能量存储系统以及所述第一电机与第二电机之间的最小功率流以满足所述操作者转矩需求。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,确定在所述能量存储系统以及所述第一电机与第二电机之间的所述最小功率流包括:
基于离合器作用转矩,变速器速度比,和来自所述第一电机与第二电机的所述电动机转矩和来自所述发动机的所述转矩输入开发表示所述输出转矩的数学方程式;以及
基于来自所述第一电机的所述电动机转矩输出执行所述数学方程式的偏导运算。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其特征在于,其还包括基于所述数学公式的所述偏导运算确定在来自所述第一电机的所述电动机转矩和来自所述第二电机的所述电动机转矩之间的关系。
8.根据权利要求6的方法,其特征在于,其包括将表示所述输出转矩的所述数学方程式线性变换至第二运行空间。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其特征在于,其包括限定校准矩阵以确定来自所述第一电机与第二电机的所述电动机转矩。
10.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,其包括:
确定所述能量存储装置的所述电功率约束;
基于所述能量存储装置的所述电功率约束确定来自所述第一电机的电动机转矩范围以满足所述操作者转矩需求;
基于所述能量存储装置的所述电功率约束确定来自所述第二电机的电动机转矩范围以满足所述操作者转矩需求;
在所述能量存储装置的所述电功率约束内以及在来自所述第一电机的所述电动机转矩范围内确定来自所述第一电机的最小电动机转矩;以及
基于所述能量存储装置的所述电功率约束和来自所述第一电机确定的最小电动机转矩以及在来自所述第二电机的所述电动机转矩范围内确定来自所述第二电机的电动机转矩以满足所述操作者转矩需求。
11.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,其包括选择性地应用转矩传递离合器以在固定齿轮运行范围状态运行所述机电变速器。
12.一种用于运行动力系的方法,所述动力系包括内燃机、第一电机与第二电机、和机电变速器,所述机电变速器机械操作地耦接来传递转矩至输出部件以满足操作者转矩需求,所述第一电机与第二电机电动操作地连接至能量存储系统用于它们之间的电功率流动,所述方法包括:
在固定齿轮运行范围状态中运行所述机电变速器;
基于所述能量存储系统的最大和最小电功率势能以及所述第一电机与第二电机的输出转矩约束确定在所述能量存储系统以及所述第一电机与第二电机之间的最佳电功率流;
基于在所述能量存储系统以及所述第一电机与第二电机之间的最佳电功率流指令来自所述第一电机的电动机转矩;以及
基于来自所述发动机的转矩输出和来自所述第一电机受指令的电动机转矩指令来自所述第二电机的电动机转矩。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,基于来自所述能量存储装置的所述最大和最小电功率势能和来自所述第二电机的受指令的电动机转矩确定在所述能量存储系统和所述第一电机之间的最佳电功率流。
14.根据权利要求13的方法,其特征在于,其还包括:
确定所述能量存储装置的所述最大和最小电功率势能;
基于所述能量存储装置的所述最大和最小电功率势能确定来自所述第一电机的电动机转矩范围以满足所述操作者转矩需求;以及
对应于所述能量存储装置的所述最小电功率势能和来自所述第二电机的受指令的电动机转矩确定来自所述第一电机的优选的转矩输出。
15.根据权利要求14的方法,其特征在于,其包括:
基于所述能量存储系统的约束确定来自所述第二电机的电动机转矩范围以满足所述操作者转矩需求;
对应于在所述能量存储装置约束内的所述最小功率并在来自所述第一电机的所述电动机转矩范围内确定来自所述第一电机的电动机转矩;以及
基于所述能量存储装置的约束和来自所述第一电机的确定的电动机转矩,对应于最小功率并在来自所述第二电机的所述电动机转矩范围内确定来自所述第二电机的电动机转矩以满足所述操作者转矩需求。
16.一种确定电机的输出的方法,所述电机可操作来传递转矩至机电变速器,所述方法包括:
在固定齿轮运行范围状态中运行所述机电变速器,并监控操作者转矩需求;
确定来自发动机的输入,所述发动机可操作来传递功率至所述机电变速器;
确定能量存储装置的电功率约束以满足所述操作者转矩需求,所述能量存储装置可操作来传递功率至所述电机;
基于所述能量存储装置的所述功率约束确定来自所述电机的电动机转矩范围以满足所述操作者转矩需求;
最优化来自所述能量存储装置的功率输出;以及
对应于来自所述能量存储装置的最佳功率输出确定来自所述电机的转矩输出。
17.根据权利要求16的方法,其特征在于,其还包括基于所述能量存储装置的所述电功率约束和来自所述第二电机的电动机转矩最优化来自所述能量存储装置的所述功率输出,所述第二电机可操作来传递转矩至所述机电变速器以满足所述操作者转矩需求。
18.根据权利要求17的方法,其特征在于,所述能量存储装置的所述电功率约束基于电池的充电状态、电池温度,和电流吞吐量。
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