CN101506702A - Microstructured transmission optical fiber - Google Patents
Microstructured transmission optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN101506702A CN101506702A CNA2007800244131A CN200780024413A CN101506702A CN 101506702 A CN101506702 A CN 101506702A CN A2007800244131 A CNA2007800244131 A CN A2007800244131A CN 200780024413 A CN200780024413 A CN 200780024413A CN 101506702 A CN101506702 A CN 101506702A
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Abstract
Microstructured optical fiber for single-moded transmission of optical signals, the optical fiber including a core region (170) and a cladding region (180), the cladding region including an annular hole-containing region (184) that contains non-periodically disposed holes. The optical fiber provides single mode transmission and low bend loss.
Description
Related application
The application requires the rights and interests and the right of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application of submitting on June 30th, 2,006 60/817721 and the U.S. Provisional Patent Application of submitting on March 28th, 2,007 60/920425, and the content of these two pieces of patented claims is believable and the full text combination is referred to this.
Background of invention
1. technical field
The present invention relates generally to optical fiber, more specifically, relate to microstructured optical fibers.
2. background technology
The commerce of the optical fiber that is formed by glass material is used existing two more than ten years.Though this optical fiber is being represented a quantum leap of field of telecommunications, still continuing about the work of alternative optical fiber design.The promising alternative optical fiber of one class is microstructured optical fibers, and it comprises hole or the space of vertically passing fiber axis.Described hole is contained air or inert gas usually, but also may contain other material.Most of micro-structured fibres have a plurality of holes around fibre core, wherein, these holes are along the long distance (such as tens meters or longer) of the length direction continuity of fiber, and the whole length of optical fiber is all run through in these holes usually.In addition, these sheath holes general all with well-regulated, periodic structure be arranged in fiber core around.That is,, in mutual essentially identical pore structure of cycle, can find identical single hole so if along the cross section that the length direction of optical fiber obtains optical fiber.The example of this micro-structured fibres comprises those that describe in No. the 6243522nd, the United States Patent (USP).
Microstructured optical fibers can be designed to have various character, can be used for various application.Such as, people have constructed the microstructured optical fibers that has the solid glass core and be distributed in a plurality of holes in the fibre core sheath district on every side.Can design the position in hole and size with obtain dispersion range big negative value to big on the occasion of between the microstructured optical fibers of any position.This optical fiber can be used for such as dispersion compensation.Solid microstructured optical fibers also can be designed to be the single mode pattern in the wavelength coverage widely.Most of solid microstructured optical fibers are by the machine-processed conducting light of refraction in complete; The hole of low-refraction is used to reduce the effective refractive index in its sheath district, place.
Usually, microstructured optical fibers is produced by so-called " pile up-and-pulling method ", and wherein, a branch of oxidation silicon rod and/or pipe are moulded base by tightly packed arrangement with formation, uses conventional tower apparatus this can be moulded the base drawing fiber.Accumulation-pulling method has several shortcomings.It is very inconvenient to assemble hundreds of very thin rectangular (being called as rod or pipe), and, cylindrically the hole, gap may occur when rectangular piling up and stretch, these 2 may be by introducing soluble impurity and granule foreign and unwanted interface and by causing reshaping or be out of shape and having a strong impact on fibre loss of initial apertures.And lower throughput rate and expensive this method that makes are not suitable for commercial production.
Summary of the invention
Microstructured optical fibers disclosed herein contains the core district and round the sheath district in core district, the ring-type that the hole that comprises non-periodic distribution is contained in described sheath district contains porose area, makes described optical fiber to carry out single mode transport under one or more wavelength in one or more operating wavelength ranges.Described core district and sheath district provide the flexing resistance of improvement, make optical fiber more preferably more than or equal to 1500 nanometers, in some embodiments greater than 1400 nanometers, in other embodiments greater than the wavelength of 1260 nanometers under single mode running.More preferably, this optical fiber provides under 1310 nano wave lengths and is preferably greater than 8.0 microns, 8.0 to 10.0 microns mould field more preferably.Therefore, in preferred embodiment, optical fiber disclosed herein is single-mode transmission optical fiber.More preferably, hole or space basically, more preferably are positioned at the sheath district of fiber fully, make they in containing the zone in space round core, more preferably, the space is not present in the core district basically, promptly fibre core preferably solid with void-free.Some preferred embodiment in, the space is positioned at fiber cores separates and contains interstice coverage.Such as, the thinner core that contains ring district, space (such as radial width less than 40 microns, more preferably less than 30 microns) and optical fiber separately, but and not exclusively extend to the excircle of optical fiber.Optical fiber can comprise or not comprise that germanium oxide or fluorine are so that regulate the core of optical fiber and/or the refractive index of sheath, but, also can avoid using or substituting these filling materials, can only utilize the space to regulate the refractive index of the relative core of sheath, so that light is directed to the in-core of optical fiber.Though can avoid using the adulterating agent of regulating refractive index,, preferably, use at least a germanium oxide or fluorine or similarly regulate the adulterating agent of refractive index with the space of the non-periodic distribution in the sheath district that is positioned at optical fiber.Yet the use of germanium oxide and/or fluorine is not crucial, such as, if desired, fiber can fully or be substantially free of germanium oxide and fluorine.
In some embodiments, microstructured optical fibers disclosed herein comprises around the core district that longitudinal midline is arranged with around the sheath district in this core district, the ring-type that the hole that comprises non-periodic distribution is contained in described sheath district contains porose area, wherein, this ring-type contains the maximum radial width of porose area less than 12 microns, this ring-type contains the localized voids area of porose area less than 30%, and the mean diameter in the hole of non-periodic distribution is less than 1550nm.
" no periodic array " or " non-periodic distribution " be meant, when we obtain the xsect (such as the xsect vertical with the longitudinal axis) of optical fiber, the hole of no periodic array irregularly or aperiodicity be distributed on the part of fiber.The similar xsect that obtains at the difference along fibre length will show different cross section sectional hole patterns, that is, various xsects will have different sectional hole patterns, and wherein, the distribution and the aperture in hole are inconsistent.Just, space or hole are acyclic, and promptly they are not periodically to be arranged in the fibre structure.These holes are along the length (that is, parallel with the longitudinal axis) be stretched (elongation) of optical fiber, and still, for the transmission fiber of general length, they do not extend to the whole length of whole fiber.Though do not wish to be bound by theory,, we think, the distance that extend along fibre length in the hole is less than several meters, in many cases less than 1 meter.
Isolate and to contain the decay that porose area (containing orifice ring or intermediate annular region) and core help to reduce optical fiber under the 1550nm.And the radial extension that restriction contains porose area helps to carry out single mode transport in optical fiber.
Optical fiber disclosed herein can be made with the lower production method of a kind of cost, because if need, contain porose area and can avoid using expensive adulterating agent, such as fluorine and/or germanium oxide, if desired, can avoid using accumulation-stretching working system equally, the hole that this method is arranged space periodicity is arranged in the glass part of optical fiber.Perhaps, method disclosed herein can be used for sheath at fiber simply and be added hand-hole or gap so that increase its flexing resistance, described fiber doping one or more in germanium oxide, phosphorus, aluminium, ytterbium, erbium, fluorine or other conventional fibre adulterating agent material, or this fiber also contains the hole that space periodicity is arranged in sheath.In embodiments more disclosed herein, optical fiber does not contain or not fluorine-containing substantially or boron.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be narrated in specific descriptions subsequently, and those skilled in the art can be from these be described or by implementing the easily clear part wherein of invention described herein (comprising subsequently specific descriptions, claim and accompanying drawing).
Should be appreciated that above summary and detailed description have subsequently all been showed embodiments of the present invention, and be intended to understand claimed essence of the present invention and feature provides a kind of general survey or framework.To provide further understanding of the present invention, accompanying drawing was included in this explanation and constitutes the part of this explanation in accompanying drawing was included in.Accompanying drawing is for example understood various embodiments of the present invention, and is used from explanation design of the present invention and operation with description one.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates the OVD method that soot is moulded base that is used to form.
Fig. 2 illustrates the sectional view of consolidation method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 illustrates and is used to form the rectangular drawing process again of fibre core.
Fig. 4 illustrates the consolidation process that is used for being deposited to the soot of fibre core on rectangular.
Fig. 5 illustrates the base of moulding by the complete consolidation of the generation of the consolidation step shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 shows the cross-sectional picture of the fiber of making according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 explanation can be used for the drawing process and the device of method of the present invention.
Fig. 8 schematically illustrates the xsect of the optical fiber of making according to the present invention with coating.
Embodiment
Optical fiber disclosed herein can be with following method manufacturing, and the base consolidation condition of moulding that these methods are used can make a large amount of gases be trapped within the chunk glass of consolidation effectively, causes thus to mould at the glass optical fiber of consolidation to form the space in the base.We do not take steps to remove these spaces, but the base of moulding of gained is used to form the optical fiber that wherein has space or hole.As used herein, the diameter in hole is meant, when when the lateral cross section vertical with the longitudinal axis of fiber observed optical fiber, its end points is arranged in the longest line segment on the silica internal surface that limits this hole.
" relative index of refraction percentage " is defined as Δ %=100 * (n
i 2-n
c 2)/2n
i 2, wherein, n
iBe maximum refractive index among the district I, except as otherwise noted, n
cIt is the refractive index of pure (undoped) monox.Term " α-distribution curve " or " Alpha's distribution curve " are meant relative index of refraction distribution curve (profile), and with Δ (r) expression, unit is " % ", and wherein r is a radius, follows following equation,
Δ(r)＝Δ(r
0)(1-[|r-r
o|/(r
rr
o)]
α)，
Wherein, r
0Be that Δ (r) is peaked point, r
1Be that Δ (r) % is zero point, the scope of r is r
i＜r＜r
f, wherein, the definition of Δ as above, r
iBe the initial point of α-curve, r
fBe the terminal point of α-curve, α is an index, is real number.
Actual fiber ends and can measure by test FOTP-80 (EIA-TIA-455-80) by standard 2m fiber, obtains " fiber cutoff wavelength ", is also referred to as " 2 meters fibers end " or " measure and end " or " fiber cutoff ".
Cable cutoff is measured optical cable emissive power or " FOTP-170 " middle standard 22m test of describing of using EIA-455-170 single-mode fiber cutoff wavelength and is carried out.
Mode field diameter (MFD) (mode field diameter) is measured with Peterman II method, wherein, and 2w=MFD and w
2=(2 ∫ f
2R dr/ ∫ [df/dr]
2R dr), integer restriction is 0 to ∞.Except as otherwise noted, all optical properties (such as chromatic dispersion, chromatic dispersion gradient, bendability etc.) of report all produce under 1550nm herein.
Making by conventional soot deposit method (such as outer vapour deposition (OVD) method or axial vapor deposition (VAD) method) in the process of Transmission Fibers, high heat produces the silicon oxide particle of monox and doping in the flame, and as soot deposit.Under the situation of OVD, pass the flame that contains soot by making the cylindrical target rod along its axis, particle is deposited on the outside of cylindrical target rod layer by layer, forms the monox soot thus and moulds base.Then, handle the soot of this porous with drying agent (such as chlorine) and mould base, under 1100 ℃ to 1500 ℃ temperature, make its consolidation then or be sintered into chunk glass so that remove moisture and metallic impurity.The leading mechanism of sintering is the VISCOUS FLOW sintering that surface energy drives, and it causes the compacting and the sealing in soot hole, and the glass that forms consolidation is thus moulded base.In the final stage of sintering, when perforate was closed, the gas that uses in the consolidation process was trapped.If it is very high under sintering temperature to be trapped in the dissolubility and the perviousness of the gas in the glass, so, gas can and leave glass by the glass migration in the consolidation process.Perhaps, the gas that still is trapped after the consolidation stage of fiber production process can keep a period of time and is discharged from outside glass is moulded base up to gas transfer by making fiber mould base, stays the space of one or more vacuum thus in moulding base.In the operation that stretches, when when moulding the base drawing optic fibre, these space closures obtain tight or void-free basically optical fiber.In the consolidation process that is used for making conventional Transmission Fibers, people's purpose is to obtain the optical fiber that do not contain the space fully in the core district and the sheath district of optical fiber.Helium is a kind of gas that is used as gas in the conventional optical fiber of being everlasting is moulded the consolidation process of base.Because the perviousness of helium in glass is very good,, make glass in helium, not have hole or space after the consolidation so it is highly susceptible to leaving soot and moulds base and glass in the consolidation process.
Optical fiber disclosed herein is made by the base of moulding that stands to mould base consolidation condition, and the described base consolidation condition of moulding can make a large amount of gases be trapped within the chunk glass of consolidation effectively, and the glass optical fiber that causes being formed on consolidation is thus moulded the space of non-periodic distribution in the base.We do not take steps to remove these spaces, but the base of moulding of gained on purpose is used to form the optical fiber that wherein has the space.Particularly, by using less gas of perviousness and/or higher sintering velocity, the hole can be trapped within the glass of consolidation in the consolidation process.Sintering velocity can improve by the downward delivery rate that increase sintering temperature and/or quickening are moulded base by the soot of the sintering zone of consolidation stove.Under some sintering condition, might be in the glass that obtains, the area portions that is trapped gas accounts for the major part of moulding the base total area or cumulative volume.
In optical fiber disclosed herein, because of using method disclosed herein but not periodically be distributed in the sheath that hole in the optical fiber or space are arranged in optical fiber.Can use this space that refractive index is reduced.By using the consolidation parameter, make hole or space maximum gauge less than along the wavelength of the light of the longer transmission of optical fiber (such as, the maximum gauge of the optical fiber that uses during telecommunications is used is less than 1550nm), fiber can be used for effectively with specific wavelength transmission information.
Fig. 1 illustrates a kind of method that soot optical fiber is moulded base 20 of producing, and this moulds base can be used to make optical fiber disclosed herein.In embodiment shown in Figure 1, deposit to the outside that rotates with the plug or the erbium rod 24 of translation by the soot 22 that makes silicon oxide-containing, form soot and mould base 2.This method is called as OVD or outer vapour deposition process.Preferred plug 24 is taper.The formation of soot 22 be by the flame 30 to stove 26 provide gas form glass precursor 28 so that its oxidation realize.Fuel 32 is such as methane (CH
4) and combustion-supporting gas 34, such as oxygen, be provided for stove 26, and igniting is to form flame 30.Mass flow controller (being labeled as V) is to suitable adulterating agent compound 36, silica glass precursor 28, fuel 32 and the combustion-supporting gas 34 of stove 26 metering supply appropriate amounts, and all these materials all are preferably gas form.Glass gaseous compound 28 and 36 is oxidized in flame 30 to be generally columniform soot region 23 so that form.Especially, if desired, can comprise adulterating agent compound 36.Can be used as the adulterating agent (such as in the core of optical fiber) that increases refractive index such as, germanium compound and comprised, or fluorochemicals can be included to reduce refractive index (such as in the sheath district of fiber and/or contain in the interstice coverage).
As shown in Figure 2, the soot that comprises cylindrical soot region 23 mould base 20 can be in consolidation stove 29 consolidation so that form the blank 31 (being presented among Fig. 3 subsequently) of consolidation.Before consolidation, the plug 24 shown in Fig. 1 is removed so that form the cylindrical soot semi-manufacture of hollow and moulds base.In the consolidation process, soot is moulded base 20 and is suspended in the pure quartzy pipe 27 that coats such as stove 29 by suspension gear 21.More preferably, before the consolidation step, make and mould base 20 and be exposed to dry atmosphere.Can comprise about 95% to 99% the helium that is under 950 ℃ to the 1250 ℃ temperature and 1% to 5% chlorine such as, suitable dry atmosphere, the scope of suitable drying time is about 0.5 to 4.0 hour.If desired, also can mix impurity in the base such as using the adulterating agent gas that wherein has fluorine or other optical fiber adulterating agent that soot is moulded.Such as, for the admixture fluorine, can use SiF
4And/or CF
4Gas.When adopting this adulterating agent gas, can use conventional admixture temperature, such as about 950 ℃ to 1250 ℃, be 0.25 to 4 hour action time.
In the consolidation step that takes place after the soot drying steps, furnace temperature is enhanced, and moulds base 20 in suitable temperature, such as about 1390 ℃ to 1535 ℃ following consolidations, so that form the base of moulding of consolidation.Perhaps, more preferably, can adopt gradient sintering, it is moulded base 20 by the guiding soot and realizes by the hot-zone of stove 29 that downwards wherein, the temperature of stove hot-zone remains on 1225 ℃ to 1550 ℃, more preferably about 1390 ℃ to 1535 ℃.Such as, can be suspended in the isothermal region that remains under the required baking temperature (950-1250 ℃) moulding base, afterwards, mould base by remaining on required melting temperature with certain speed guiding soot (such as 1225 ℃ to 1550 ℃, more preferably 1390 ℃ to 1535 ℃) the zone, the temperature that this speed enough allows to mould base 20 increases with the speed greater than 1 ℃/min.The upper area of stove can keep lower temperature, and this helps drying steps and decon step.Lower area can keep the required higher temperature of consolidation.One preferred embodiment in, the base of moulding that contains soot is supplied with downwards with by the consolidation hot-zone to charging rate with first, is supplied with downwards to pass through second hot-zone with second charging rate then, this second charging rate is less than first charging rate.This consolidation technology causes, and moulds outside first sintering before moulding the remainder sintering of base of base, helps entrap gas thus, and this helps to keep and form the space then in the glass of gained consolidation.Such as, can with first speed make mould base be exposed to this suitable melting temperature (such as, greater than about 1390 ℃) under, this speed enough makes moulds the base temperature with greater than 15 ℃/min, more preferably increase greater than 17 ℃/min, implement the combination of at least the second charging rate/melting temperature then, this combination is enough with at least about 12 ℃/min, more preferably add the thermoplastic base greater than 14 ℃/min.More preferably, the first consolidation speed cause mould speed that the base external temperature increases with than the firing rate of the second consolidation speed soon greater than 2, more preferably greater than 3, optimally greater than about 4 ℃/min.If desired, can adopt the 3rd consolidation step, its with slower speed (such as less than 10 ℃/min) heat.Perhaps, by the guiding soot mould base by temperature greater than 1550 ℃, more preferably greater than 1700 ℃ even more preferably greater than 1900 ℃ stove hot-zone, can make soot mould base with in addition the faster speed sintering so that produce more space.Perhaps, by using naked light or plasmatorch contact soot, can outside stove, make soot mould base sintering at faster speed.
The preferred sintering gas that can be used for the consolidation step is to comprise at least a gas that is selected from following gas, nitrogen, argon gas, CO
2, oxygen, chlorine, CF
4, CO, SO
2, krypton gas, neon and their potpourri.In these gases each is at melting temperature or to be lower than under the melting temperature perviousness in silica glass all lower, the method according to this invention, and described temperature is suitable for forming the space.More preferably, these gases that produce spaces are used alone, or with 5 volume % to 100 volume %, more preferably the amount of about 20-100 volume %, optimally about 40-100 volume % is used in combination.All the other materials of sintering atmosphere are made up of suitable diluent or carrier gas, such as helium, hydrogen, deuterium or their potpourri.In general, gas (nitrogen, the CO in the generation space of using in the sintering gas
2, O
2, Cl
2, CF
4, CO, SO
2, krypton gas, neon or their potpourri) percent by volume big more, the space in the gained fused glass is just big more many more.More preferably, the sintering gas that is used to form the space in the consolidation step comprises at least a following gas that is selected from, nitrogen, argon gas, CO
2, oxygen, krypton gas, neon and their potpourri.These gases can use fully separately or mix use with carrier gas (such as helium).The gas in a kind of particularly preferred generation space is nitrogen.The applicant finds, no matter use separately or unite and use nitrogen and/or argon gas as the sintering gas that produces the space, the amount that is preferred for nitrogen in the sintering atmosphere and/or argon gas is greater than 10 volume %, more preferably greater than 30 volume %, even more preferably greater than about 50 volume %, optimally greater than about 65 volume %, remaining sintering atmosphere is carrier gas, such as helium.These gases are successfully used with the concentration greater than 85 volume %.In fact, maximum 100% nitrogen, maximum 100% argon gas, maximum 100% oxygen are successfully used.The space also can by under partial vacuum (for example moulding base immerses in the sintering atmosphere of pressure for about 40-750 holder) in the gas that hangs down permeability (such as, nitrogen, argon gas, CO
2, argon gas, chlorine, CF
4, CO, SO
2) in the soot sintering is produced, in this case, needn't use the higher diluent for gases of perviousness, such as helium.Use the consolidation technology in generation disclosed herein space, may produce and have the optical fiber that comprises the sheath that contains interstice coverage, the described localized voids area percent of interstice coverage that contains is in some embodiments greater than 0.5%, in other embodiments greater than about 1%, in the other embodiment greater than about 5%, in some embodiments again greater than about 10%.As used herein, the localized voids area percent is meant: the total area that contains the space in the interstice coverage multiply by 100 divided by the total area (when from perpendicular to the cross-sectional view optical fiber of fiber axis the time) that this contains interstice coverage, and this contains interstice coverage and is determined by the inside and outside border that this contains interstice coverage.Such as, if along optical fiber radially the radially inside edge in inner most space in the radial position of 4 microns of the shaft centre lines that leaves optical fiber, and, this along optical fiber radially the radially outermost edge in inner most space be in the radial position of leaving 60 microns of center lines, this area that contains interstice coverage is about the 11309-50=11259 square micron so.If total this cross-sectional area that contains the space of containing in the interstice coverage is 1100 square microns, be exactly this contains the void area percentage about 9.8% of interstice coverage so.
In conjunction with above-mentioned other sintering gas, the preferred consolidation method that adopts comprises with certain speed and temperature supply downwards moulds base, and this speed and temperature are enough to make partially fused at least gas deliberately to be held back.Such as, can mould base with greater than about 10 ℃/min, more preferably greater than about 12 ℃/min even more preferably heat and realize this point by making to the small part soot greater than about 14 ℃/min.The sintering temperature that adopts among the present invention is preferably 1100 ℃ to 1600 ℃, and more preferably about 1400 ℃ to 1550 ℃, optimally about 1480 ℃ to 1550 ℃. a particularly preferred sintering temperature is about 1490 ℃.Can find in such as U. S. application 11/583098 about producing this out of Memory that contains interstice coverage that is positioned at the sheath of optical fiber, the explanation of this application is all incorporated herein by reference with it.
Fig. 3 explanation can be used to stretch and be used for the rectangular method of core of the present invention.For example, in such embodiment, soot is moulded base and is formed with reference to Fig. 1 in the above described manner, then, soot is moulded base and is adopted conventional consolidation technology by consolidation (for example adopt in 100% helium atmosphere and be higher than 1300 ℃ melting temperature), moulds base so that form void-free core.Such as, mould base for the fiber that will be used to make the pure silica core fibre, core is moulded base and is not formed by there being the purer monox that the adulterating agent of effectively adjusting refractive index exists.Perhaps, mould base for the optical fiber of the fibre core that will be used to make admixture pure zirconia germanium, fibre core mould base can by the core district of admixture germanium oxide and optional part sheath (such as, be the sheath of admixture monox) form.The core blank 31 of the consolidation of gained is placed in the rectangular stretching furnace 37 of core, pulls out the rectangular line segment 33 of stock core that an external diameter reduces thus at least.Semi-manufacture blank 31 is heated to the temperature such as 1700 ℃ to 2000 ℃.Controller 38 is applied to described rectangular pulling force by the suitable control signal control that is sent to drawing mechanism (being shown as two traction wheels herein), so that pull down elongation bar 33 with proper speed.In this way, the outside dimension that may obtain certain-length is for such as the core of about 1mm to 16mm rectangular 33.Then, rectangular target or the bait 24 that is used to deposit other soot that be used as of this core, or with excellent in the rod that makes in the pipe process, as described further below.
One preferred embodiment in, it is above that can be used to form core with reference to figure 3 described processes rectangular, it is used as target or the bait that is used to deposit other soot subsequently, and the soot of these depositions will use space as herein described forming technique by consolidation, finally become the sheath of optical fiber thus.In a this embodiment, such as, the rectangular erbium rod 24 that can be used as in the soot deposit step of void-free glass core of complete consolidation, as shown in Figure 1.Glass core is rectangular can be undoped monox, makes the optical fiber of gained become the monox core fibre that its core is made up of pure silica substantially.Perhaps, core is rectangular can be made up of one or more doping districts, the common core district that forms the transmission ray of optical fiber, these districts.Soot be deposited to glass core rectangular on after, the consolidation fully in consolidation stove 129 of outside soot region 120, as shown in Figure 4.More preferably, in this consolidation step, above-mentioned interstitial consolidation process is implemented so that form the optical fiber of consolidation moulds base 150, as shown in Figure 5.
As mentioned above, the preferred gas that is used to form the consolidation step in space comprises at least a following gas that is selected from, nitrogen, argon gas, CO
2, oxygen, chlorine, CF
4, CO, SO
2, krypton gas, neon and their potpourri.More preferably, these gases that produce spaces are used alone, or with 5 volume % to 100 volume %, more preferably the amount of about 20-100 volume %, optimally about 40-100 volume % is used in combination.All the other materials of sintering gas atmosphere are made up of suitable diluent or carrier gas, such as helium, hydrogen, deuterium or their potpourri.In general, gas (nitrogen, Ar, the CO in the generation space of using in the sintering gas
2, Kr, O
2, Cl
2, CF
4, CO, SO
2, Ne) percentage big more, the space in the gained fused glass is just big more many more.The gas in a particularly preferred generation space is nitrogen, and its use amount is preferably greater than 10 volume %, and more preferably greater than 30 volume %, even more preferably greater than about 50 volume %, optimally greater than about 65 volume %, remaining sintering atmosphere is carrier gas, such as helium.The space also can by under partial vacuum (such as, wherein the pressure of sintering atmosphere be about 40 to 750 the holder) in the lower diluent gas of perviousness (such as, nitrogen, argon gas, CO
2, oxygen, chlorine, CF
4, CO, SO
2) in the soot sintering is produced, in this case, needn't use the higher diluent for gases of perviousness, such as helium.Use the consolidation technology in generation disclosed herein space, may produce its sheath and comprise the optical fiber that contains interstice coverage, the described localized voids area percent that contains interstice coverage is greater than 0.5%, more preferably greater than about 1%, even more preferably greater than about 5%, optimally greater than about 10%.Optimally, this contains porose area and does not extend to the outward flange of sheath and make to have open space or hole in the outside of optical fiber.
The sintering temperature that adopts among the present invention is preferably 1100 ℃ to 1550 ℃, and more preferably about 1300 ℃ to 1500 ℃, optimally 1350 ℃ to 1500 ℃.A preferred sintering temperature is about 1490 ℃.Select gaseous atmosphere, the temperature of using in the consolidation process in the consolidation stove and mould base consolidation speed, make that gas intentionally is trapped within and moulds in the base in soot consolidation process, thereby in the glass of consolidation, form the hole.More preferably, before the tensile fiber process or among, these gassiness spaces are by non-complete exhaust, make the fiber space, back that is stretched be retained in the fiber.Can control the size of various technological parameters with control and change space.Such as, increase fusion time or temperature and can increase void size, cause the gas that is trapped in the space to expand because increase temperature.Similarly, the size in space and area percent are subjected to the influence of stretching condition.Such as, the speed longer and/or that stretch of the hot-zone in the stretching furnace is easy to increase the size and the area percent in hole sooner.Be chosen under the melting temperature and will cause producing littler space the better gas of the perviousness of glass.Sintering velocity is also given birth to significant effects to aperture and hole volume production.Sintering velocity will cause forming more, bigger space faster.Yet, use too slow sintering velocity will cause tight to form, because gas has time enough to leave glass.Therefore, preferred charging rate of moulding base that adopts and/or melting temperature are enough high moulds base with greater than about 10 ℃/min, more preferably greater than about 12 ℃/min even more preferably heat greater than the speed of about 14 ℃/min so that make to small part.In general, the optical fiber that soot density is littler is moulded base and will be formed more space.Yet, can change and be deposited on concrete optical fiber and mould the density of the soot in the base so that settle more hole (being higher than the localized voids area percent) in the position of needs.On can directly being deposited on the glass (such as, pure silica) of consolidation core is rectangular such as, high density first soot region, settled density is lower than second soot region of first soot region subsequently.We find that this causes, and (that is, in the high density soot region) forms higher void area number percent near core.The volume density of the soot of preferred this silicon oxide-containing is about 0.10g/cc to 1.7g/cc, more preferably about 0.30g/cc to 1.0g/cc.This effect also can be used to form the base of moulding that contains the space of consolidation, and the described base of moulding has alternately low-density and contains interstice coverage or tight district and high density and contain interstice coverage; Wherein, the initial radial variations of soot density at least 100 microns distances is greater than 3%.Such as, this base of moulding can be used to make the optical fiber with sheath district, and its sheath district has tight glass region alternately and contains the space glass region.Has the character that this optical fiber that contains interstice coverage and tight district that replaces demonstrates Bragg grating.
With reference to figure 5, use above-mentioned technology, can form optical fiber and mould base 150, it comprises void-free core district 151, and core district 151 is on every side round the sheath 152 that comprises a plurality of spaces.By forming the interstice coverage that contains in the suitable space of size with sufficient amount in sheath 152, after optical fiber was moulded base and is elongated to optical fiber, sheath 152 will be as the optics sheaths of guiding light 151 propagation along the core district.Perhaps, contain the bending property that interstice coverage can be used to improve light.If desired, will mould before base 150 pulls into light, additional soot can be deposited in the sheath district 152 and consolidation.The sheath of additional deposition can be on demand radially consolidation to contain or not contain the space.
Exemplified an example moulding the optical fiber that base pulls into by this among Fig. 6.Optical fiber among Fig. 6 comprises the core district that is centered on by the sheath district, and the position at the place, space that this sheath district comprises can be effectively along monox core guiding light.
Perhaps, except making soot deposit on the core that has formed is rectangular, above-mentioned space forming process can be used to form wherein has the fused glass pipe that contains interstice coverage, and as described above with reference to Figure 2, it is rectangular that this glass tube can be used to entangle core.
In any embodiment disclosed herein, be placed in the stretching furnace 52 by moulding base as shown in Figure 7, use conventional method and device heating and stretching optical fiber 54 then, the final consolidation optical fiber of gained is moulded base 50 and can be drawn as optical fiber.Then, in cooling chamber 55, make optical fiber 54 cooling and with the final diameter of non-contact sensor 56 measurements.Can apply one or more coating and coating be solidified by apparatus for coating 58.In drawing process, optical fiber 54 is applied in pulling force so that pull out optical fiber 54 by moulding base 50 therefrom by stretching assembly 60.So that being remained on, fibre diameter presets fixed point by control device 61 control pulling force.At last, the optical fiber 54 of coating is wrapped on the fiber storage spool 64 by supplying with 62.
Perhaps, can use with above the stretching again and contain the fusion pipe in space with reference to the identical method of the rectangular method of figure 3 described formation cores.This heavy size that journey can be used to change the space that described pipe contains that is pulled through.Such as, the amplitude of the diameter reduction that takes place when containing the moulding base and stretched again of space is big more, and it is just more little that this moulds the void size following in the base.
Use the consolidation technology in generation disclosed herein space, core district with first refractive index and optical fiber have been obtained to comprise with sheath district of second refractive index, described second refractive index is less than first refractive index, make transmission be retained in the core generally by the light of optical fiber, thus, described space is arranged in the sheath of described optical fiber and forms sheath thus, and the void area percentage in space is non-zero basically.
Use the techniques described herein, can make such fiber, wherein, the luminous energy mark greater than 80% zone in, the full-size in any space is less than the light wavelength that is transmitted.We described full-size are meant, when when observing optical fiber perpendicular to the lateral cross section of the longitudinal axis of optical fiber, and the maximum gauge in any concrete space.Such as, we have produced such optical fiber, wherein, the luminous energy mark greater than 80% in addition more preferably the luminous energy mark greater than 90% zone in, the full-size in all described spaces is all less than 5 microns, more preferably less than 2 microns, even more preferably less than 1 micron, optimally less than 0.5 micron.
Use technology disclosed herein, can make and have the fiber that contains interstice coverage, in some embodiments, this localized voids area percent that contains interstice coverage is greater than 0.5%, in other embodiments greater than 1%, in some other embodiment greater than 10%.
If desired, can be used alone or in combination the adulterating agent of regulating refractive index, such as germanium and fluorine, so that further regulate with respect to the refractive index of sheath or with respect to the refractive index of the core of the refractive index of pure silica.Such as, one this preferred embodiment in, the germanium core is rectangular can be used as initial rod, preferably uses aforesaid OVD deposition technique to deposit other soot sheath thereon.Then, soot sheath district as mentioned above by consolidation to form the interstice coverage that contains round the monox core district of doping germanium oxide, relate in the alternative embodiment of the adulterating agent of regulating refractive index the rectangular initial rod that forms soot sheath district that is used as of monox core at another.Yet, in the consolidation step that produces the space,, also provide the fluorine adulterating agent to contain in the interstice coverage so that fluorine is impregnated in except producing the adulterating agent gas in space.In this way, can around monox core district, form the interstice coverage that contains of mixing fluorine.The advantage that contains interstice coverage of mixing fluorine comprises the viscosity coupling between each zone of improving in the fiber.
Use the consolidation technology in generation disclosed herein space, may produce optical fiber with sheath district, the localized voids area percent in this sheath district is in some embodiments greater than 0.5%, in other embodiments greater than about 1%, in the other embodiment greater than about 5%, in some embodiments again greater than about 10%.Can avoid using the adulterating agent of regulating refractive index though use technology disclosed herein, but, when employing is arranged in the space of non-periodic distribution in sheath district of optical fiber, preferably adopts at least a germanium oxide or fluorine or similarly regulate the adulterating agent of refractive index in the outside that contains porose area.Described method can be placed in each position with space a large amount of or in a small amount in the radial distribution of optical fiber.Such as, use method disclosed herein, compare other zone (in the core or outer sheath district such as optical fiber) in the optical fiber, the space of higher localized voids area fraction can be positioned in the core adjacent areas with optical fiber.The average pore size and the pore diameter distribution that similarly, can contain interstice coverage along radial and axial (along its length promptly) control of optical fiber.Therefore, the hole of no periodic array can be positioned in a zone of fiber uniformly, and relative void area percentage in this zone and average pore size keep constant along the length of fiber.Though fiber is not restricted to any specific diameter,, the external diameter of optimum fiber is about 120 to 130 microns, more preferably about 125 microns.
This optical fiber can be used for communication network (usually 850,1310 and/or the 1550nm window under operate), comprise longer transmission, subway, passage, machine room and data center, and the controller local area network in buildings and the mobile traffic (automobile, motorbus, train, aircraft) is used and be applied to data communication.This communication network generally includes transmitter and the receiver that is connected with fiber optics.Therefore, in order to be used for various application, satisfy in the hole that is preferably formed, and the maximal pore size in the sheath of optical fiber is less than 1550nm, more preferably less than 775nm, optimally less than about 390nm.Use method manufacturing disclosed herein optical fiber can 1000nm, more preferably 750nm, optimally reach these mean diameters in the standard deviation scope of 500nm.In some embodiments, optical fiber disclosed herein has less than 5000 holes, and in some embodiments less than 1000 holes, in some embodiments, in given optical fiber vertical cross-section, the sum in hole is less than 500.
Such as, optical fiber disclosed herein is compared with the optical fiber of prior art has superior flexing resistance, and simultaneously, they also all demonstrate good mode field diameter.We are meant described " superior ", use method disclosed herein, may make such optical fiber, it is a monotype down in 1550nm in some embodiments, also is monotype under 1400nm in other embodiment, also monotype under 1260nm in other embodiment, and the decay for the bending of 20mm diameter under 1550nm of these optical fiber increases less than 0.5 decibel, simultaneously under 1550nm, its mode field diameter is greater than 10 microns, more preferably greater than 11 microns.This good bending property makes that these optical fiber become that Fiber to the home, the attractive alternate product of incoming fiber optic, indoor fiber optic applications and optical patchcord (the fiber fragment (1-20 rice) that they are normally short, each end all has connector so that be connected with optical system or equipment).Such as, optical fiber disclosed herein can be used to comprise the optical telecommunication systems of transmitter, receiver, and optical fiber is connected with optical mode with receiver with described transmitter.More preferably, in these are used (promptly when optical fiber is used as Transmission Fibers in the telecommunication system), no any active element in the optical fiber is such as erbium etc.
Use the consolidation technology in generation disclosed herein space, may produce optical fiber with sheath district, the total void area percent in this sheath district (the total cross-sectional area that is the space multiply by 100 divided by total cross-sectional area of optical fiber) is in some embodiments greater than 0.05%, in other embodiments greater than about 0.1%, in the other embodiment greater than about 0.5%.We have made the total void area percent greater than about 1%, greater than about 5% with greater than 10% optical fiber.Yet in some embodiments, the total void area percent is less than 1 even can cause bendability can greatly improve less than 0.7.This sheath district that contains the space can be used to reduce the refractive index with respect to core, and therefore formation can be along the sheath district of fiber cores direct light.By selecting suitable soot consolidation condition (following will narrate this point) can obtain various useful optical fiber designs schemes.Such as, by select to make in the sheath the maximum interspace size less than the wavelength of the light that is transmitted (such as, the wavelength that is used for some telecommunication systems is less than 1550nm), more preferably, less than along half of the wavelength of the light of Optical Fiber Transmission, can obtain decaying little optical fiber and need not use expensive adulterating agent.Therefore, in order to be used for various application, satisfy in the hole that is preferably formed, greater than 95%, preferably the average pore size in the hole in the sheath of all optical fiber is less than 1550nm, more preferably less than 775nm, optimally less than about 390nm.Similarly, the maximum gauge in the hole in the preferred fiber more preferably less than 2000nm, even more preferably less than 1550nm, optimally less than 775nm, uses method disclosed herein less than 7000nm, and all these diameters can both be manufactured.In some embodiments, optical fiber disclosed herein has less than 5000 holes, and in some embodiments less than 1000 holes, in other embodiments, the sum in the hole in the given optical fiber vertical cross-section is less than 500.Certainly, most preferred fiber shows these combination of features.Therefore, although adopt bigger, more hole, we can obtain optical fiber useful, flexing resistance, but, such as, a particularly preferred optical fiber embodiment has in optical fiber less than 200 holes, the maximum gauge in these holes is less than 1550nm, and mean diameter is less than 775nm.Be about 800 in enlargement factor * scanning electron microscope and the help of image analysis software under, the quantity in hole, mean diameter, maximum gauge and total void area percent can be calculated, image analysis software is such as ImagePro, it can be from Media Cybernetics silver spring company (Inc.of Silver Spring), Maryland, USA is bought.
Optical fiber disclosed herein can comprise or not comprise germanium oxide or fluorine, so that regulate the refractive index of the core and/or the sheath of optical fiber again, but, also can avoid in the ring-shaped area of centre, using these filling materials, change into and utilize hole (with the combination that is arranged at any gas in the hole) to regulate the mode of light along the fiber cores conduction.Containing porose area can be made up of undoped (pure) monox, avoids fully thus using any adulterating agent containing porose area, and the refractive index to obtain to reduce perhaps, contains the monox that porose area can comprise doping, such as the monox of mixing fluorine with a plurality of holes.
In one group of embodiment, the core district comprises the monox of doping so that positive refracting power with respect to pure silica is provided, such as the monox of mixing germanium oxide.The preferred atresia in core district.As shown in Figure 8, in some embodiments, core district 170 comprises single core segment, and it has the positive largest refractive index Δ with respect to pure silica
1(being expressed as %), this list core segment extends to radius R from center line
1In one group of embodiment, 0.30%＜Δ
1＜0.40%, 3.0 μ m＜R
1＜5.0 μ m.In some embodiments, monokaryon partly has the refractive index curve of Alpha's shape, and wherein Alpha is 6 or bigger, and in some embodiments, Alpha is 8 or bigger.In some embodiments, interior annular imperforate section 182 extends to radius R from the core district
2, wherein, the radial width of interior annular imperforate section is W12, equals R2-R1, W12 is greater than 1 μ m.Radius R 2 is preferably greater than 5 μ m, more preferably greater than 6 μ m.Intermediate annular contains porose area 184 and radially outwards extends to R3 from R2, and radial width is W23, equals R3-R2.Outer annular region 186 radially outwards extends to radius R 4 from R3.Radius R 4 is outermost radiuses of optical fiber monox part.Can apply one or more coating on the outside surface of the monox of optical fiber part, from the most external diameter or the most external circumference of the glass part of fiber, promptly R4 place begins.Core district 170 and sheath district 180 preferably comprise monox.Core district 170 is preferably the monox of one or more adulterating agents that mix.Core district 170 preferred atresias.The internal diameter R2 that contains porose area 184 is not more than 20 μ m.In some embodiments, R2 is not less than 10 μ m and is not more than 20 μ m.In other embodiments, R2 is not less than 10 μ m and is not more than 18 μ m.In other embodiments, R2 is not less than 10 μ m and is not more than 14 μ m.The radial width W23 that contains porose area 184 is not less than 0.5 μ m.In some embodiments, W23 is not less than 0.5 μ m and is not more than 20 μ m.In other embodiments, W23 is not less than 2 μ m and is not more than 12 μ m.In the other embodiment, W23 is not less than 2 μ m and is not more than 10 μ m.
The core district preferably comprises from the radially abducent central core part of center line.
In one group of embodiment, core district 170 comprises the single core segment with relative index of refraction Δ 1, this refractive index with respect to pure silica be on the occasion of.The refractive index curve of single core segment can be stepped appearance or circle rank shape or other shape.In these embodiments of part, single core segment has the refractive index curve of Alpha's shape, and preferred Alpha is not less than 8.More preferably, core segment extends to the radius R 1 that is not less than 3.8m, and in some embodiments, R1 is not less than 4.0m and is not more than 4.5m.In some embodiments, the core district extends to radius R 1, and wherein, the internal diameter that contains porose area is R2, and wherein, the ratio of R1/R2 is 2.5 to 4.5.
In some embodiments, the refractive index curve in core district 170 provides the light signal of single mode transport under 1550nm, more preferably, provides zero-dispersion wavelength under 1300 to 1324nm wavelength, more preferably, provides the mode field diameter greater than 8.6 μ m under 1310nm.
In some embodiments, Δ 1 is not more than 0.40%, and in other embodiments, Δ 1 is not more than 0.38%.
In some embodiments, contain porose area and comprise about 25 to 200 holes.
In some embodiments, at the described maximum gauge in the hole in the porose area that contains less than 775nm.
More preferably, optical fiber disclosed herein also comprise around the sheath district and with the coating of sheath district direct neighbor, in some embodiments, optical fiber comprise individual layer surround the sheath district and with the coating of sheath district direct neighbor.
In some embodiments, contain at least a gas that is selected from down group, argon gas, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, chlorine, oxygen, CF to the small part hole
4, C
2F
6, SO
2, Kr, Ne and their potpourri.
An aspect of of the present present invention, a kind of optical transmission system is disclosed, it comprises microstructured optical fibers, the light source that is connected with optical mode with this optical fiber, the receiver that is connected with optical mode with this optical fiber, wherein, described light source produces the light signal that comprises the light under the transmission wavelength, described optical fiber with this light signal from light sources transmit to receiver, wherein, described optical fiber comprises core district that refractive index curve is first refractive index and round the sheath district with second refractive index in this core district, this second refractive index is less than first refractive index in core district, feasible light by Optical Fiber Transmission is retained in the core district generally, wherein, described sheath district comprises and contains porose area and one round the intermediate annular in core district and contain porose area and contain the outer ring imperforate section of porose area direct neighbor with this round this, wherein, this maximum (xsect) diameter that contains the hole that porose area contains is less than transmission wavelength.More preferably, the mean diameter in hole all is not more than transmission wavelength.
Embodiment
We will further specify the present invention by some embodiment.Except as otherwise noted, in each following embodiment, when fiber was stretched, it adopted conventional application pattern by applying coating (being conventional acrylate-based primary coating and secondary coating).
Embodiment 1:
Make 4600 gram SiO by the OVD method
2(density is 0.42g/cc) soot deposit is at step-refraction index type (Δ is 0.35%, and core/clad diameter ratio the is 0.33) GeO of 1 meter long * 10mm diameter of complete consolidation
2-SiO
2Core-SiO
2On the covering core bar, produce the base of moulding that comprises by the core core district of the consolidation of the monox sheath district of consolidation encirclement thus, the oxidized then silicon soot region in this sheath district is surrounded.Then, make the subassembly sintering of this soot sheath as follows.This subassembly is at first under 1000 ℃ in the atmosphere of being made up of helium and 3% chlorine dry 2 hours, in 100 volume % oxygen atmospheres, be conducted through the hot-zone of 1500 ℃ (are equivalent in bootup process downwards soot mould the outside of base heat up) then with 3 ℃/min with 6mm/min, so as to make soot sinter into a kind of contain oxygen cross the coating blank.This blank was placed 24 hours in one 1000 ℃ the stove that continues logical argon gas, so that helium is discharged blank.
Being set in 2000 ℃, hot length at one is in the stove of 8 ＂, and with the speed of 18 meter per seconds optical fiber being moulded base, to pull into diameter be 125 microns fiber.Gained optical fiber is presented among Fig. 6.The sem analysis of fiber end face shows, the GeO of about 4 microns radiuses
2-SiO
2Core is coated the district by the tight of adjacent about 12 microns outer diameter and surrounds, coating the district and surrounded by the sheath district, space (encircle thick be about 6 microns) that contains of 18 microns outer diameter, outside the sheath district is 125 microns void-free pure silica epitheca (all radial dimensions all are that the center from optical fiber begins calculating) round external diameter.Annular contains interstice coverage, and to comprise local area percentage be 4.2% hole (100 volume % oxygen), and the mean diameter in hole is 0.53 micron, and the minimum aperture diameter is 0.18 micron, and the largest hole diameter is 1.4 microns, total about 85 holes on fiber cross section.Because guiding speed and sintering velocity are slower downwards, the position in these holes is near GeO in the consolidation process
2-SiO
2Core-SiO
2The district of covering core bar correspondence, and they extend to 18 microns radial distance from leaving 12 microns radial distance of fibrillar center line on the xsect of fiber.Total fiber void area percentage (area in hole multiply by 100 divided by the total area of cross section of optic fibre) is about 0.21%.Under 1310nm and 1550nm, the optical property of this optical fiber is respectively 0.34 and 0.21 decibel/km, and fiber cut off wavelength is about 1230nm, thus, makes optical fiber be monotype under the wavelength more than the 1230nm.It at diameter the bending property of measuring the part of this fiber on the axle of 10mm, fiber demonstrates about 0.7 decibel/turning under 1550nm decay increases, showing thus, is the axle of 10mm around diameter, decay increase in addition less than 5 decibels/turn in addition less than 1 decibel/turn.It at diameter the bending property of measuring the same section of fiber on the axle of 20mm, fiber demonstrates about 0.08 decibel/turning under 1550nm decay increases, show thus, around diameter is the axle of 20mm, decay increase can be less than 1 decibel/turn in addition less than 0.5 decibel/turn in addition less than 0.1 decibel/turn.
Embodiment 2:
Make 200 gram SiO by the OVD method
2(density is 0.42g/cc) soot deposit is at step-refraction index type (Δ is 0.35%, and core/clad diameter ratio the is 0.33) GeO of 1 meter long * 10.6mm diameter of complete consolidation
2-SiO
2Core-SiO
2(be similar to embodiment 1) on the covering core bar, produce the base of moulding that comprises by the core core district of the consolidation of the monox sheath district of consolidation encirclement thus, the oxidized then silicon soot region in this sheath district is surrounded.Then, make the subassembly sintering of this soot sheath as follows.This subassembly is at first under 1000 ℃ in the atmosphere of being made up of helium and 3% chlorine dry 2 hours, is conducted through the hot-zone that is set in 1490 ℃ (are equivalent to soot in the downward bootup process mould the outside of base heat up with about 100 ℃/min) then in 100 volume % oxygen sintering atmospheres with 200mm/min.Then, this mould the base subassembly with 100mm/min (be equivalent to soot in the downward bootup process mould the outside of base heat up) with about 50 ℃/min by guiding downwards once more with by this hot-zone.Then, this mould the base subassembly with 50mm/min (be equivalent to soot in the downward bootup process mould the outside of base heat up) with about 25 ℃/min by (for the third time promptly) guiding downwards once more with by this hot-zone.Then, this mould the base subassembly with 25mm/min (be equivalent to soot in the downward bootup process mould the outside of base heat up) with about 12.5 ℃/min by (promptly the 4th time) guiding downwards once more to pass through this hot-zone, then finally with 6mm/min (firing rate of about 3 ℃/min) sintering, so that make soot be sintered into oxygenous coating blank excessively.The faster down rate of feeding that adopts first series is so that the outside glazing that optical fiber is moulded base, and this helps gas is trapped in moulds in the base.Then, this blank was placed 24 hours in one 1000 ℃ the stove that continues logical argon gas.Then, this blank is relay the carriage return bed, makes the additional SiO of 4700 grams by the OVD method there
2(density is 0.53g/cc) soot deposit.Then, make soot sheath (can the be called sheath) sintering of this subassembly as follows.This subassembly is at first under 1000 ℃ in the atmosphere of being made up of helium and 3% chlorine dry 2 hours, is conducted through 1500 ℃ hot-zone with 6mm/min then in 100 volume % helium atmospheres so that soot is sintered contain into sheath, monox ether ring (promptly having the monox that contains the oxygen hole) and void-free mistake coating blank in the tight core core, monox tight of germanium oxide.This blank is set in 1000 ℃ the stove that continues logical argon gas at one and places 24 hours so that helium is discharged blank.Being set in 2000 ℃, hot length at one is in the stove of 8 ＂, with the speed of 20 meter per seconds optical fiber is moulded base and pulls into the fiber that diameter is about 125 microns.The sem analysis of fiber end face shows, the GeO of about 4 microns radiuses
2-SiO
2Core is coated the district by the tight of 12 adjacent microns outer diameter and surrounds, coating the district and surrounded by the sheath district that contains the space of 16 microns outer diameter (encircle thick be about 4 microns), outside the sheath district is 125 microns void-free pure silica epitheca (all radial dimensions all are that the center from optical fiber begins calculating) round external diameter.Annular contains interstice coverage, and to comprise local area percentage be 2.0% hole (100 volume % oxygen), and the mean diameter in hole is 0.3 micron, and the minimum aperture diameter is 0.05 micron, and the largest hole diameter is 0.72 micron, total about 80 holes on fiber cross section.Total optical fiber void area percentage (area in hole multiply by 100 divided by the total area of cross section of optic fibre) is about 0.06%.Optical property at 1310nm and this optical fiber of 1550nm place is respectively 0.35 and 0.19 decibel/km, and fiber cut off wavelength is about 1357nm, thus, makes optical fiber be monotype under the wavelength more than the 1357nm.It at diameter the bending property of measure portion fiber on the axle of 10mm, fiber demonstrates about 0.2 decibel/turning under 1550nm decay increases, this shows around diameter to be the axle of 10mm, decay increase in addition less than 1 decibel/turn, more preferably less than 0.5 decibel/turn.It at diameter the bending property of measuring the same section fiber on the axle of 20mm, fiber demonstrates about 0.02 decibel/turning under 1550nm decay increases, show thus, around diameter is the axle of 20mm, decay increase can be less than 1 decibel/turn, more preferably less than 0.1 decibel/turn in addition more preferably less than 0.05 decibel/turn.It at diameter the bending property of measuring the same section fiber on the axle of 8mm, fiber demonstrates about 2 decibels/turning under 1550nm decay increases, show thus, around diameter is the axle of 8mm, decay increase can be less than 10 decibels/turn, more preferably less than 5 decibels/turn in addition more preferably less than 3 decibels/turn.
Embodiment 3:
Make 290 gram SiO by the OVD method
2(density is 0.47g/cc) soot deposit is at step-refraction index type (Δ is 0.35%, and core/clad diameter ratio the is 0.33) GeO of 1 meter long * 10.4mm diameter of complete consolidation
2-SiO
2Core-SiO
2(be similar to embodiment 1) on the covering core bar, produce the base of moulding that comprises by the core core district of the consolidation of the monox sheath district of consolidation encirclement thus, the oxidized then silicon soot region in this sheath district is surrounded.Then, make the subassembly sintering of this soot sheath as follows.This subassembly is at first under 1000 ℃ in the atmosphere of being made up of helium and 3% chlorine dry 2 hours, is conducted through the hot-zone that is set in 1490 ℃ (are equivalent to soot in the downward bootup process mould the outside of base heat up with about 100 ℃/min) then in 100 volume % oxygen sintering atmospheres with 200mm/min.Then, this mould the base subassembly with 100mm/min (be equivalent to soot in the downward bootup process mould the outside of base heat up) with about 50 ℃/min by (for the second time promptly) guiding downwards once more to pass through this hot-zone.Then, this mould the base subassembly with 50mm/min (be equivalent to soot in the downward bootup process mould the outside of base heat up) with about 25 ℃/min by (for the third time promptly) guiding downwards once more with by this hot-zone.Then, this mould the base subassembly with 25mm/min (be equivalent to soot in the downward bootup process mould the outside of base heat up) with about 12.5 ℃/min by (promptly the 4th time) guiding downwards once more to pass through this hot-zone, then finally with 6mm/min (firing rate of about 3 ℃/min) sintering, so that make soot be sintered into oxygenous coating blank excessively.Adopt first series to accelerate charging rate so that the outside glazing that optical fiber is moulded base, this helps gas is trapped in moulds in the base.Then, this blank was placed 24 hours in one 1000 ℃ the stove that continues logical argon gas.Then, this blank is relay the carriage return bed, there by the additional SiO of OVD method deposition 3600 grams
2(density is 0.42g/cc) soot.Then, make soot sheath (can the be called sheath) sintering of this subassembly as follows.This subassembly is at first under 1000 ℃ in the atmosphere of being made up of helium and 3% chlorine dry 2 hours, is conducted through with 6mm/min then to be set in 1500 ℃ hot-zone so that soot is sintered contain into sheath, monox ether ring (promptly having the monox that contains the oxygen hole) and void-free mistake coating blank in the tight core core, monox tight of germanium oxide in 100 volume % helium atmospheres.This blank is set in 1000 ℃ the stove that continues logical argon gas at one and places 24 hours so that helium is discharged blank.Being set in 2000 ℃, hot length at one is in the stove of 8 ＂, with the speed of 20 meter per seconds optical fiber is moulded base and pulls into the fiber that diameter is about 125 microns.The sem analysis of fiber end face shows, the GeO of about 4 microns radiuses
2-SiO
2Core is coated the district by the tight of 12 adjacent microns outer diameter and surrounds, coating the district and surrounded by the sheath district that contains the space of 18 microns outer diameter (encircle thick be about 6 microns), outside the sheath district is 125 microns void-free pure silica epitheca (all radial dimensions all are that the center from optical fiber begins calculating) round external diameter.Annular contains interstice coverage, and to comprise local area percentage be 2.7% hole (100 volume % oxygen), and the mean diameter in hole is 0.36 micron, and the minimum aperture diameter is 0.05 micron, and the largest hole diameter is 0.8 micron, total about 105 holes on fiber cross section.Total fiber void area percentage (area in hole multiply by 100 divided by the total area of cross section of optic fibre) is about 0.11%.Under 1310nm and 1550nm, the optical property of this optical fiber is respectively 0.33 and 0.19 a decibel/km, and fiber cut off wavelength is about 1250nm, thus, makes optical fiber be monotype under the wavelength more than the 1250nm.It at diameter the bending property of measure portion fiber on the axle of 10mm, fiber demonstrates about 0.2 decibel/turning under 1550nm decay increases, this shows around diameter to be the axle of 10mm, decay increase in addition less than 1 decibel/turn, more preferably less than 0.5 decibel/turn.It at diameter the bending property of measuring the same section fiber on the axle of 20mm, fiber demonstrates about 0.02 decibel/turning under 1550nm decay increases, show thus, around diameter is the axle of 20mm, decay increase can be less than 1 decibel/turn, more preferably less than 0.1 decibel/turn in addition more preferably less than 0.05 decibel/turn.It at diameter the bending property of measuring the same section fiber on the axle of 8mm, fiber demonstrates about 2 decibels/turning under 1550nm decay increases, show thus, around diameter is the axle of 8mm, decay increase be less than 10 decibels/turn, more preferably less than 5 decibels/turn in addition more preferably less than 3 decibels/turn.
Implement following embodiment 4-9 according to being similar to disclosed method in above embodiment 2 and 3 (being the step of OVD sedimentation).In all cases, core core 170 is monox of mixing germanium oxide, and makes and contain porose area 184 and leave the outside spaced apart of core core diameter.Core core 170 and annular contain adopt between the porose area 184 undoped in annular imperforate section 182.The outer annular region of being made by pure undoped monox 186 is deposited over and contains outside the porose area 184.Do not use fluorine in the fibre core of all these embodiment or the sheath.Make embodiment 4,5 and 6 sintering in 100% nitrogen (replacement oxygen), therefore, the annular of gained fiber contains in the space of the aperiodicity location of containing in the interstice coverage 184 and has nitrogen.Make embodiment 7,8 and 9 sintering in 100% argon gas (replacement oxygen), therefore, the annular of gained fiber contains in the space of the aperiodicity location of containing in the interstice coverage 184 and has argon gas.Be noted that the core covering ratio of each embodiment fiber in addition, core covering ratio is to mix the overall diameter in core district 170 of germanium oxide divided by the ratio of the interior diameter that contains porose area 184.Amount by the non-impurity-doped monox of deposition and consolidation in the interior annular imperforate section 182 between core district and the sheath district 184 is regulated the core clad region.In each embodiment of embodiment 4 to embodiment 9, the local area percentage in hole is greater than 1% and less than 10%, total fiber void area percentage is greater than 0.05% and less than 0.25%, average pore diameter is greater than 0.1 micron and less than 1 micron, and the sum in (obtaining on the xsect) hole is greater than 10 and less than 200.From following table, can see, use fiber design proposal disclosed herein to produce and all meet ITU-T optical fiber G.652, that flexing resistance is very strong in all respects.Particularly, might produce such fiber, its decay under 1310nm is less than 0.34 decibel/km, decay under 1550nm is less than 0.21 decibel/km, more preferably less than 0.20 decibel/km, optical cable (22m test) cutoff wavelength is less than 1260nm, more preferably less than 1200nm, the mode field diameter under 1310nm is greater than 7.8 microns, more preferably greater than 8.0 microns, optimally greater than 8.2 microns, mode field diameter under 1550nm is greater than 9 microns, more preferably greater than 9.5 microns, optimally greater than 10 microns, it under 1300 to 1324 wavelength zero chromatic dispersion, chromatic dispersion under 1550nm is about 15 to 19ps/nmkm, the 10mm bending loss be less than 5.0 decibels/turn, more preferably less than 2.0 decibels/turn, even more preferably less than 1.0 decibels/turning, optimally less than 0.5 decibel/turning, the 20mm bending loss is less than 0.2 decibel/turning, more preferably less than 0.1 decibel/turning, even more preferably less than 0.05 decibel/turning, optimally less than 0.03 decibel/turning.In fact, from following table, can see, the 20mm bending loss be less than 0.02 decibel/turn and less than 0.01 decibel/turn.
| Embodiment #4 | Embodiment #5 | Embodiment #6 | Embodiment #7 | Embodiment #8 | Embodiment #9 | |
| Core diameter (μ m) contains the width core/covering ratio of |
4.253.15um0.41c/c | 4.43.3um0.41c/c | 4.23um0.33c/c | 4.52.6um0.33c/c | 4.253.1um0.43c/c | 4.253.1um0.41c/c |
| 1310 decay (dB/km) | 0.334 | 0.363 | 0.351 | |||
| 1550 decay (dB/km) | 0.197 | 0.211 | 0.205 | 0.195 | 0.226 | 0.193 |
| 2m is by (nm) | 1220 | 1320 | 1300 | 1370 | 1234 | 1260 |
| 22m is by (nm) | 1140 | 1260 | 1240 | 1250 | 1169 | 1200 |
| 1310MFD (micron) | 8.236 | 8.44 | 8.59 | 8.8 | 9.16 | 8.27 |
| 1550MFD (micron) | 9.26 | 9.43 | 9.82 | 10 | 10.18 | 9.29 |
| Lambda0(nm) | 1321 | 1314 | 1329 | 1322 | 1311 | 1317 |
| 5 x 10mm bending losss (dB/torn) | 0.084 | 0.073 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.6 | 0.056 |
| 5 x 20mm bending losss (dB/torn) | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.049 | 0.002 |
In one group of embodiment, herein disclosed is the optical fiber of the microstructure that is used to transmit the optical signalling that comprises light, described optical fiber comprises: around the core core district that longitudinal centre line distributes, its refractive index curve has first refractive index; Around the sheath district in this core core district, the ring-type that the hole that comprises non-periodic distribution is contained in described sheath district contains porose area; Wherein, the fiber cut off wavelength of this optical fiber is less than 1500nm, in these embodiments of part less than 1400nm, in these embodiments of part less than 1310nm.
In some embodiments, the cable cut-off wavelength of this optical fiber is less than 1300nm, more preferably less than 1260nm, optimally less than 1200nm.
In some embodiments, the maximum gauge in the hole of no periodic array is less than 2000nm.
In some embodiments, the mean diameter in the hole of no periodic array is less than 2000nm.
In some embodiments, the 20mm macrobending of this optical fiber induces loss less than 1 decibel/turning, more preferably less than 0.1 decibel/turning, and more preferably less than 0.05 decibel/turning, even more preferably less than 0.02 decibel/turning.
In some embodiments, the 12mm macrobending of this optical fiber induces loss less than 5 decibels/turning, more preferably less than 1 decibel/turning, more preferably less than .5 decibel/turning.
In some embodiments, the 8mm macrobending of this optical fiber induces loss less than 5 decibels/turning, more preferably less than 1 decibel/turning, more preferably less than 0.5 decibel/turning.
In an embodiment subclass, the fiber cut off wavelength of this optical fiber is less than 1400nm, and its 20mm macrobending induces loss less than 1 decibel/turning, more preferably less than 0.1 decibel/turning, more preferably less than .05 decibel/turning.
In the subclass of another embodiment, the fiber cut off wavelength of optical fiber is less than 1400nm, and its 12mm macrobending induces loss less than 5 decibels/turning, more preferably less than 1 decibel/turning, more preferably less than .5 decibel/turning.
In the subclass of another embodiment, the fiber cut off wavelength of optical fiber is less than 1400nm, and its 8mm macrobending induces loss less than 5 decibels/turning, more preferably less than 1 decibel/turning, more preferably less than .5 decibel/turning.
In another embodiment subclass, the fiber cut off wavelength of this optical fiber is less than 1310nm, its 20mm macrobending induces loss less than 1 decibel/turning, more preferably less than 0.1 decibel/turning, more preferably less than .05 decibel/turning even more preferably less than 0.03 decibel/turning.
In the subclass of another embodiment, the fiber cut off wavelength of optical fiber is less than 1310nm, and its 12mm macrobending induces loss less than 5 decibels/turning, more preferably less than 1 decibel/turning, more preferably less than .5 decibel/turning.
In the subclass of another embodiment, the fiber cut off wavelength of optical fiber is less than 1310nm, and its 8mm macrobending induces loss less than 5 decibels/turning, more preferably less than 1 decibel/turning, more preferably less than .5 decibel/turning.
In some embodiments, this annular contains the maximum radial width of porose area less than 12 microns, more preferably less than 10 microns, more preferably greater than 2 microns and less than 10 microns.
In some embodiments, this annular contains the localized voids area percent of porose area less than 30%, in other embodiments less than 20%, in other embodiment less than 10%, in other embodiments less than 5%.
In some embodiments, the mean diameter in the hole of no periodic array is less than 2000nm, in some embodiment less than 1550nm, in some embodiment less than 1500nm, in other embodiments less than 850nm, in some embodiment less than 750nm, in some embodiment less than 360nm, in other embodiments less than 250nm.
In an embodiment subclass, the mean diameter in the hole of no periodic array is less than 1550nm, and annular contains the maximum radial width of porose area less than 12 microns, and the localized voids area percent is less than 30%.
In another embodiment subclass, the mean diameter in the hole of no periodic array is less than 1550nm, and the maximum radial width that annular contains porose area is 2 to 12 microns, and the localized voids area percent is less than 30%.
In another embodiment subclass, the mean diameter in the hole of no periodic array is less than 1550nm, and the maximum radial width that annular contains porose area is 2 to 5 microns, and the localized voids area percent is less than about 15%.
In another embodiment subclass, the mean diameter in the hole of no periodic array is less than 1550nm, and the maximum radial width that annular contains porose area is 2 to 10 microns, and the localized voids area percent is less than about 5%.
In another embodiment subclass, the mean diameter in the hole of no periodic array is less than 1550nm, and the maximum radial width that annular contains porose area is 2 to 8 microns, and the localized voids area percent is less than about 10%, more preferably less than about 8%.
In another embodiment subclass, the mean diameter in the hole of no periodic array is less than 750nm, and the maximum radial width that annular contains porose area is 2 to 6 microns, and the localized voids area percent is less than about 5%.
In another embodiment subclass, the mean diameter in the hole of no periodic array is less than 750nm, and the maximum radial width that annular contains porose area is 2 to 10 microns, and the localized voids area percent is less than about 3%.
In another embodiment subclass, the mean diameter in the hole of no periodic array is less than 360nm, and the maximum radial width that annular contains porose area is 2 to 6 microns, and the localized voids area percent is less than about 3%.
In another embodiment subclass, the mean diameter in the hole of no periodic array is less than 1550nm, and the localized voids area percent that annular contains porose area is A, maximum radial width W is about 2 to 12 microns, wherein, A＜39.4-5.36*W, wherein W is unit with the micron.
In some embodiments, annular contains the localized voids area percent of porose area greater than 0.05%.
In another group embodiment, herein disclosed is the optical fiber of the microstructure that is used to transmit the optical signalling that comprises light, this optical fiber comprises: around core core district that longitudinal centre line distributes with around the sheath district in this core core district, the ring-type that the hole that comprises no periodic array is contained in described sheath district contains porose area; Wherein, this ring-type contains the maximum radial width of porose area less than 12 microns; Wherein, this ring-type contains the localized voids area percent of porose area less than 30%; Wherein, the mean diameter in the hole of no periodic array is less than 1550nm.
In some embodiments, this annular contains the maximum radial width of porose area greater than 0.5 micron and less than 12 microns, in other embodiments greater than 2 microns and less than 12 microns.
In some embodiments, annular contains the localized voids area percent of porose area greater than 0.05% and less than 30%.
In some embodiments, the mean diameter in the hole of no periodic array is greater than 1nm and less than 1550nm.
In some embodiments, the maximum gauge in the hole of no periodic array is less than 2000nm.
In some embodiments, the maximum relative refractive index in core district is 0.30% to 0.40% in other embodiments less than 0.40%.
In some embodiments, the core district radially outwards extends to the core radius place less than 5 microns, and in other embodiments, described radius is 3.0 μ m to 5.0 μ m.
In some embodiments, the sheath district extends to most external glass radius and is not less than 40 μ m, is not less than 60 μ m.
In some embodiments, the fiber cut off wavelength of this optical fiber is less than 1550nm, in other embodiments less than 1400nm, in other embodiment less than 1310nm.
Concentrate at a son of these embodiments, the sheath district also comprises: be arranged in core core district and core core and contain interior annular imperforate section between the porose area; Contain the porose area and the outer ring imperforate section of direct neighbor with it round this annular.In some embodiments, the radial width of described interior annular imperforate section is greater than 1 micron, more preferably greater than 5 microns, more preferably greater than 6 microns.In some embodiments, the internal diameter that contains porose area is not more than 20 μ m, in other embodiments, be not less than 10 μ m and be not more than 20 μ m, in other embodiment, be not less than 10 μ m and be not more than 18 μ m, be not less than 10 μ m in other embodiments and be not more than 14 μ m.In some embodiments, the radial width of outer ring imperforate section is not less than 20 μ m, is not less than 30 μ m in other embodiments, is not less than 40 μ m in other embodiment.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that under the premise without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make various modifications and variations the present invention.Therefore, this invention is intended to contain modification of the present invention and version, as long as these modification and version drop in the scope of additional claim and their equivalent.
Claims (33)
1. microstructured optical fibers that is used to transmit the optical signalling that comprises light, this optical fiber comprises:
Around the core district that longitudinal centre line is arranged, its refractive index distribution curve has first refractive index;
Around the sheath district in this core district, the ring-type that the hole that comprises non-periodic distribution is contained in described sheath district contains porose area;
Wherein, the fiber cutoff wavelength of this optical fiber is less than 1500nm.
2. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the cable cut-off wavelength of described optical fiber is less than 1300nm.
3. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the cable cut-off wavelength of described optical fiber is less than 1260nm.
4. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the 20mm macrobending of described optical fiber under 1550nm induces loss less than 0.2 decibel/turning.
5. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the 10mm macrobending of described optical fiber under 1550nm induces loss less than 5 decibels/turning.
6. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the maximum gauge in the hole of described no periodic array is less than 2000nm.
7. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the mean diameter in the hole of described no periodic array is less than 2000nm.
8. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described annular contains the maximum radial width of porose area less than 12 microns.
9. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described annular contains the localized voids area percent of porose area less than 30%.
10. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the mean diameter in the hole of described no periodic array is less than 1550nm.
11. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the mean diameter in the hole of described no periodic array is less than 1550nm, and the maximum radial width that annular contains porose area is 2 to 10 microns, and the localized voids area percent is less than about 5%.
12. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the mean diameter in the hole of described no periodic array is less than 750nm, and the maximum radial width that annular contains porose area is 2 to 10 microns, and the localized voids area percent is less than about 3%.
13. optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the mode field diameter of described optical fiber under the 1310nm wavelength is greater than 8 microns.
14. a microstructured optical fibers that is used to transmit the optical signalling that comprises light, this optical fiber comprises: around core district that longitudinal centre line distributes with around the sheath district in this core district, the ring-type that the hole that comprises no periodic array is contained in described sheath district contains porose area;
Wherein, described ring-type contains the maximum radial width of porose area less than 12 microns; Wherein, described ring-type contains the localized voids area percent of porose area less than 30%; Wherein, the mean diameter in the hole of described no periodic array is less than 1550nm.
15. optical fiber as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described annular contains the maximum radial width of porose area greater than 0.5 micron and less than 12 microns.
16. optical fiber as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described annular contains the localized voids area percent of porose area greater than 0.05% and less than 30%.
17. optical fiber as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, the mean diameter in the hole of described no periodic array is greater than 1nm and less than 1550nm.
18. optical fiber as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, the maximum gauge in the hole of described no periodic array is less than 2000nm.
19. optical fiber as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described sheath district is also contained: be arranged in core district and the annular interior annular imperforate section that contains between the porose area; Contain the porose area and the outer ring imperforate section of direct neighbor with it round this annular.
20. optical fiber as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, the radial width of described interior annular imperforate section is greater than 1 μ m.
21. optical fiber as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, the described internal diameter that contains porose area is 10 μ m to 20 μ m.
22. optical fiber as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described sheath district extends to the most external glass radius that is not less than 40 μ m.
23. optical fiber as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, the radial width of described outer ring imperforate section is not less than 20 μ m.
24. optical fiber as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, the maximum relative refractive index in described core district is less than 0.40%.
25. optical fiber as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described core district radially outwards extends to the core radius place less than 5 microns.
26. optical fiber as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, the fiber cut off wavelength of described optical fiber is less than 1550nm.
27. an optical transmission system, it comprises:
Microstructured optical fibers;
The light source that is connected with this fiber optics;
The receiver that is connected with this fiber optics;
Wherein, described light source produces the light signal that comprises the light under the transmission wavelength, described optical fiber with this light signal from light sources transmit to receiver;
Wherein, described optical fiber comprises:
Have in the refractive index distribution curve first refractive index the core district and
Round the sheath district with second refractive index in this core district, this second refractive index is less than first refractive index in core district, and feasible light by Optical Fiber Transmission is retained in the core district generally;
Wherein, described sheath district comprises:
Round the core district contain porose area and
One contains porose area and contains the outer imperforate section of porose area direct neighbor with this round this,
Wherein, this contains porose area and contains the hole of maximum gauge less than transmission wavelength.
28. optical fiber, it comprises: core district and around the sheath district in this core district, wherein, the 20mm macrobending of described optical fiber under 1550nm induces loss less than 0.5 decibel/turning, the mode field diameter of 1550nm is greater than 10 microns, fiber cut off wavelength is less than 1400nm, and wherein, described optical fiber is substantially free of fluorine.
29. optical fiber as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that, contain annular and contain porose area in described sheath district.
30. optical fiber as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that, the mode field diameter of described optical fiber under the 1550nm wavelength is greater than 11 microns.
31. optical fiber as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that, described optical fiber is substantially free of fluorine.
32. optical fiber, it comprises: core district and around the sheath district in this core district, wherein, the spectrum decay of described optical fiber under 1550nm is less than 0.20 decibel/km, 20mm macrobending under 1550nm induces loss less than 0.5 decibel/turning, and the mode field diameter of 1550nm is greater than 9.0 microns, and cable cut-off wavelength is less than 1300nm, wherein, described optical fiber comprises annular and contains porose area.
33. optical fiber as claimed in claim 32 is characterized in that, described annular contains porose area and described core separates.
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| US81772106P | 2006-06-30 | 2006-06-30 | |
| US60/817,721 | 2006-06-30 | ||
| US60/920,425 | 2007-03-28 | ||
| US11/800,161 | 2007-05-04 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106861048A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-06-20 | 深圳市时尚发光科技有限公司 | Blue light infantile jaundice treats optical fiber blanket |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106861048A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-06-20 | 深圳市时尚发光科技有限公司 | Blue light infantile jaundice treats optical fiber blanket |
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