CN101496301A - Systems and methods for electricity metering - Google Patents

Abstract

In one aspect, the invention comprises a system comprising: a master data clock source; one or more transponders; and a plurality of remote power line transceivers; wherein all of said plurality of transceivers are connected to a common alternating current power distribution grid; and wherein each of said plurality of transceivers has a location is operable to monitor a voltage waveform of a power line prevailing at said location. In another aspect, the invention comprises a system comprising: transponders and remote power line transceivers each connected to a common alternating current power distribution grid each operable to monitor the voltage waveform of the power line prevailing at its own location, and generate selectable frequencies from said local power line waveform of a frequency of p/q times the frequency of said power line where p and q are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

Description

The system and method that is used for electric-power metering

The cross reference of related application

The application requires the priority of the 60/739th, No. 375 U.S. Provisional Patent Application of submitting on November 23rd, 2005 and the 60/813rd, No. 901 U.S. Provisional Patent Application of submitting on June 15th, 2006, and more than Shen Qing full content is all incorporated this paper by reference into.

Background technology

Exist at present PLC (power line carrier) AMR (automatic meter reading) the PLC system of communication is provided between the gauge table that is used for being installed on the power line downstream in the data concentrator and the low pressure coverage of power transformation power company.Yet, most of current systems all have shortcoming, these shortcomings comprise single-point access, limited capacity, low data transfer rate, to the auxiliary equipment of distribution transformer shunting and lack extensibility (scalability), wherein, lacking extensibility is topmost shortcoming.For whole communication reliability is provided, need low-down data transfer rate, and this can be converted into the restriction to extensibility.For example, system of the prior art is in order to use the same low transmission with audiorange and receive frequency by distribution transformer.In these frequencies some are integral multiple (n * f of line frequency _Line, wherein n is no more than 100), and other frequencies wherein are simple fraction (f of line frequency _Line/ 2n, wherein n＞1).Use the prior art of a kind of technology in back to allow the energy consumption signal is added on the power supply signal with the frequency that is lower than the frequency of power supply signal own.This has just limited the transmissible data transfer rate of system.To the restriction of extensibility mainly is to be caused by the gauge table of the limited quantity that can communicate by letter simultaneously and the artificial programming that needs when the coverage changes.Generally speaking, the shortcoming of current system comprises: lack reliability, flexibility and extensibility.

The PLC system can use electrical connectivity to come network interferences is analyzed.Compare with the system that relies on wireless coverage, use the PLC system to carry out more direct checking power supply.Various PLC of the prior art have used polling mechanism to detect outage, and other system then keeps gauge table and continues to communicate by letter with data collector.Simultaneously, some existing systems are reported power cut-off incident by battery backup system, and this battery backup system detects and activate the modulator-demodulator that energy minimizing information is carried out relaying to the minimizing of energy.A shortcoming of this system is, when a plurality of gauge tables simultaneously during degradedness, " last gasp (being about to outage) " message of sending simultaneously can produce sizable conflict and noise.

The system of similar SCADA uses the transceiver at power transformation power company place and the state that various infrastructure device point (as distribution transformer and power transformation power company feed line) detects electric power transmission network.These transceivers continue the operation of these equipment of monitoring, and when running into mistake trunk information.

What need is such AMR system, it needs minimum human intervention, and when the gauge table quantity of installing increases is extendible, and the increase of gauge table quantity can cause owing to suitable mandatory procedure or the needs of metering service cause because high energy consumption is with eliminating not.Because Utilities Electric Co. makes great efforts to reduce operating cost, therefore, wish very much to have a kind of like this system, it can measure economically, and can overcome some or all problem noted earlier.Scalability problem has also hinted, need a kind of like this automatic system, wherein, Utilities Electric Co. can cross over whole coverage that single-point control is provided (comprise a plurality of electricity company) or power transformation power company wherein (comprise a plurality of power transformation power company) and install, and described single-point control provides the data and the state of the gauge table of installation.In addition, all be that Utilities Electric Co. welcomes by removing any technical finesse of expense that any auxiliary equipment that is used for the PLC signaling that needs in each transformer place reduces each stoichiometric point of large scale system (for example, more than 500 gauge tables).

The two-way PLCAMR system that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of above-mentioned defective of avoiding existing system.

In at least one execution mode, the present invention includes a kind of intercommunication system, it does not need to have any special installation on the distribution transformer, just be used in and read continuous data at interval on the middle voltage distribution line (4-33KV), and make distribution transformer across to low-voltage line (120-600V), and simultaneously and keep AMR solution reliable and to one's profit.

(see the 6th, 947, No. 854 United States Patent (USP)s of Swarztrauber, its content is incorporated this paper by reference into) all described in the use that is used for the power line that signal sends, gauge table reads, load is controlled and other is communication objective.At the network equipment with these gauge tables are carried out in the transponder of access with a plurality of gauge tables, the technology that Swarztrauber describes has proposed a kind of plc communication system, and it has comprised gauge table is programmed to special passage (covering in any one frequency range in two frequency ranges of 13-35kHz a passage in 16 passages).By " the basic passage " that utilizes whole gauge tables to discern, transponder can remotely be arranged the passage of each gauge table, with its suitable " leaving unused " passage that each gauge table is led, separate by enough big frequency difference between this passage and other passage, can communicate by letter simultaneously with each transponder that allows each gauge table.

Yet along with the increase of system dimension, after aforementioned program, each transponder needs at least two unique frequency, with avoid by the miscellaneous equipment of installing on power line RF communication and cause interference.In addition, the cross reference table at system maintenance transponder place, the gauge table that transponder is responsible for has been listed in this tabulation.In the environment with a plurality of transponders and a plurality of heterogeneous equipment, the cross-couplings of PLC signal can cause the reduction of entire throughput.

Summary of the invention

So, the objective of the invention is to propose a kind of improved method, solving above-mentioned scalability problem, and provide sizable improvement to existing P LC method.

Another object of the present invention is that existing being used for realized that at the elevated track noisy environment method of PLC provides improvement, thereby produce high SNR (signal to noise ratio), the present invention also aims to eliminate needs, thereby avoid from the interference of using plc communication equipment or random noise to two unique frequencies.

Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of equipment, and it uses microprocessor to receive message by power line carrier, to utilize FFT (fast fourier transform) algorithm decode FSK (frequency shift keying) or PSK (phase shift keying).

Another object of the present invention is to have proposed a kind of method, it is used for obtaining the authentic data and the event information that receive from the plc communication that carries out with gauge table, make logical deduction, carry out the statistical analysis of coverage, and provide assistant service to Utilities Electric Co..This can be including, but not limited to comprehensive gauge table administrative division map.When the gauge table zone changed, system automatically dynamically updated this figure.This dynamic aspect is determined the ability of decoding simultaneously from a plurality of PLC signals of a plurality of ST (swept repeater) uniquely by gauge table.

Therefore, at least one execution mode, the present invention proposes improvements over the prior art, use the basis of FFT as a plurality of transponder communications of decoding simultaneously.For purpose as a setting, the full content of following document is all incorporated this paper by reference into: the 11/198th, No. 795 U.S. Patent application that people such as Swarztrauber submitted on August 4th, 2005 and the 6th, 947, No. 854 U.S. Patent applications previously discussed.

By detailed description and accompanying drawing that some execution mode to exemplary selection carries out, above-mentioned purpose and character will be better understood.Those skilled in the art will recognize that the numerous embodiments variant all is possible, and can not depart from scope of the present invention.

Typical devices comprises the ST more than, and these ST are positioned at each power transformation power company place of far-end, and by a part of feed of middle line ball to the Utilities Electric Co. coverage, middle line ball ends at distribution transformer, and low-voltage line is from this distribution transformer.Though gauge table generally is mounted in user side, gauge table can be installed in output place of each distribution transformer by Utilities Electric Co., thereby has increased the gauge table group of coverage.Typically, be positioned at the low pressure coverage more than a gauge table and communicate by letter with ST.ST all in the system preferably connect remote server, and this remote server has the high speed data link in LAN or the WAN configuration and constantly communicates by letter with all ST.Remote server can be operated the clock that obtains from Utilities Electric Co.'s line frequency in person.This can realize by using the RTC circuit, this circuit use the 60Hz line frequency as benchmark (for example, multi-functional CMOS real-time clock, IntersilCDP68HC68T1).Equipment above using, all ST all connect simultaneously, and operate by procotol (for example NTP (Network Time Protocol)), so that its whole shared master clocks by the server appointment, thereby by being locked in common time source, each ST keeps synchronism.

On the one hand, the present invention makes each gauge table receive, to modulate and to explain the communication from all transponders on all frequency ranges simultaneously, on each frequency, communicate simultaneously, and eliminated to the needs of " basic passage " with to designing the needs of " idle passage ".Each gauge table can be listened to all ST, and to making response from the ST that gauge table obtains data.And each gauge table can send to the information relevant with the signal strength signal intensity of its each transponder that can hear the transponder of request msg.This just can move to gauge table " the best " transponder of each gauge table.

Aspect at least one, the present invention utilizes the PLC AMR infrastructure of installation that EMS is provided (event management system), and this system provides extensive more, a practical and effective device to come reporting event and trail-and-error.Therefore, aspect this, the present invention helps Utilities Electric Co. and measuring equipment to realize: (1) reduces the wrong quantity that sends based on correcting algorithm; (2) automatic integrated AMR infrastructure is to provide the network diagram that dynamically updates; (3) comprehensive power quality information; (4) use algorithm and back-end processing to come actively to verify the state of a plurality of parts of network; (5) comprise load curve information, be used to realize energy predicting; (6) carry out preventive maintenance; The state of (7) indication network switching, feed line converter and automatic circuit changes; And (8) report to this change the CCC of Utilities Electric Co..For example, collect the information that the transient changing of network area part can be provided about the network information of power quality.An embodiment provides the dynamic mapped mode of PLC AMR system operation, and it can be selected gauge table (randomly or according to standard predetermined on the strategy) and trigger and survey.

On the one hand, the present invention includes such system, it comprises: master data clock source; One or more transponders; And a plurality of remote power line transceivers.Wherein, being connected in all on the public AC distribution plate in described a plurality of transceiver; And each in described a plurality of transceivers all has its position, and can operate with to monitoring at the voltage waveform of the dominant power line in described position.

In different execution modes: (1) this system can operate to obtain the local data clock according to local power line waveform, and the frequency of local data clock is p/q a times of power line frequency, and wherein p and q are the positive integers more than or equal to 1; (2) master data clock source can be operated being sent to described transponder with the phase place of himself local clock and the information of frequency dependence; The local data clock in master data clock source is known as the master data clock; (3) each in described transponder and the described remote transceiver all can be operated to inject and received signal on power line; (4) described transponder can operate with: (a) according to the phase place and frequency and the local clock information thereof that receive from master data clock source, reconstruct master data clock; And the data bit that the master data clock that (b) utilizes reconstruct will be input on the power line is aimed at; (5) described power line transceiver can operate with: (a) from least one but need not to be all transponder received signals; And/or, measure the phase difference of local data clock and master clock (b) by to monitoring from the signal of any one or a plurality of transponder emission; (6) described master data clock source also is a transponder; (7) described remote power line transceiver can be stored the phase difference between its local clock and the master data clock, thereby can duplicate the master data clock according to its local clock, and needn't come reconstruct data clock constantly by the signal that monitoring receives; (8) described transceiver also is an electric power gauge; (9) described remote transceiver can receive the signal from a plurality of transponders and explain simultaneously; (10) each described transponder all can operate with by power line communication from described gauge table request with receive data, and described data are sent to remote computer; (11) described remote power line transceiver can operate with: (a) measure one or more voltage waveforms of the position be present in this transceiver; And/or (b) phase information of described voltage waveform is reported to transponder; And (12) be associated the phase information of waveform with metrical information, thereby to allow using vector addition to increase voltage, electric current and quantity of power, on the key point of distribution panelboard, to assemble this tittle.

On the other hand, the present invention includes such system, it comprises: one or more transponders and a plurality of remote power line transceiver, each transceiver wherein all is connected on the public AC distribution plate, and can operate with to monitoring at the voltage waveform of its dominant power line in position, and generate selectable frequency according to local power line waveform, selectable frequency be described power line frequency p/q doubly, wherein p and q are the positive integers more than or equal to 1.

In different execution modes: each in (1) described transponder and the described remote transceiver all can be operated to inject and received signal on power line; (2) frequency of each in the described signal all be line frequency p/q doubly, wherein p and q can choose arbitrarily from whole set of integers; (3) by changing the phase place of factor p or counter-rotating fixed frequency, described transponder changes in different frequencies with described remote transceiver, thereby realizes FSK or PSK modulation; (4) data bit frame all is consistent at whole transponders with remote transceiver, and corresponding with the cycle and the phase place of master data clock; (5) use the binary FSK modulation by two values selecting p, p1 and p2 represent 1 and 0 frequency respectively; (6) receiver of transponder or remote transceiver: (a) utilize FFT or DFT algorithm continuously the continuous data bit frame to be calculated; And/or (b) in each data bit frame process,, the data bit is carried out demodulation by on each data bit frame, the amplitude corresponding to the signal of p1 and p2 being compared.

On the other hand, the present invention includes the device of a kind of PLL of realization, it comprises: input signal source, VCO, microprocessor, DAC and ADC.Wherein, VCO is used to drive the clock of microprocessor; The time that microprocessor is determined at its system clock was controlled the sampling time of ADC; ADC monitors input signal source; Microprocessor reads ADC; Microprocessor carries out some filtering to the signal that comes from ADC and calculates; Microprocessor is according to the output of described calculation control DAC; And the input of DAC control VCO is to close near the PLL above-mentioned all element.

In different execution modes: (1) input signal is that the with good conditionsi of A/C power line duplicated; And (2) DAC is the pulse width modulator of following low pass filter thereafter.

On the other hand, remote computer can be operated operation or the connective change with identification distribution network assembly.In different execution modes: (1) described assembly comprises one or more in gauge table, transformer, transponder, switch and the feeder line; (2) described remote computer can be operated to distinguish gauge table variation and transformer and change; (3) described variation comprises outage; (4) described remote computer can be operated to calculate the output current at each transformer place; And (5) described remote computer can be operated with vector and the output current that calculates on each transformer according to the signal on each phase place.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the exemplary installation of optimum decision system, wherein power transformation power company is expressed as SSp, distribution transformer is expressed as Tp, switch list is shown Up, feed line is expressed as Fg, meter is shown mp and transponder is expressed as STpFqi, p wherein and q are integers, and for the three-phase feed line, i=1,2 or 3;

Fig. 2 is the block diagram of preferred automatic tuning module;

Fig. 3 has described preferred power transformation power company and has installed, and shows each equipment of going up mutually of feeder line in the power transformation power company;

Fig. 4 has described the preferred FIR specification that is used for 10-25kHz;

Fig. 5 has described the preferred FIR specification that is used for 25-50kHz;

Fig. 6 has described the preferred FIR specification that is used for 70-90kHz;

Fig. 7 has described the circuit noise frequency spectrum that is used for 10-100kHz;

Fig. 8 has illustrated the injection PLC signal on the half strange harmonic wave of 60Hz;

Fig. 9 has described FFT frame that gauge table receives and 12 kinds of possibilities of ST FFT frame out-phase, the 30 degree rotations that dotted line produces corresponding to the triangularity depressor on the signal path of considering between ST and the gauge table;

Figure 10 has described the reference of time=0 that server determines and 30Hz cycle of each gauge table;

Figure 11 has described when data frame alignment and misalignment, and the SNR that the FSK that is produced by gauge table decodes reduces effect;

The SNR that Figure 12 has described when gauge table M1 attempts data frame alignment with the ST of its Frame and input distributes;

Figure 13 (a) has described sinusoidal zero point;

Figure 13 (b) has described when meter data frame and ST data frame alignment, a plurality of sinusoidal overlapping zero points;

Figure 14 is the block diagram of the preferred AFE (analog front end) that is used to measure;

Figure 15 has described the preferred FIR specification that is used to extract continuous data;

Figure 16 has described the FFT frame of the voltage of indication harmonic wave;

Figure 17 has described the example directory structure of system map;

Figure 18 is the flow chart to the embodiment that carries out logic of the plc data that receives;

Figure 19 is the block diagram (this be at least 2 D gauge table versions) of preferred D gauge table;

Figure 20 has described the schematic diagram of carrying out the preferred plate of FFT execution mode;

Figure 21 is the preferred schematic diagram of distribution panelboard;

Figure 22 is the preferred schematic diagram of I/O expansion board;

Figure 23 is the preferred schematic diagram of CPU board (PCB 202);

Figure 24 is the preferred schematic diagram of metering, power supply and the PLC transmission and the receiving circuit of dwelling house gauge table (PCB 240);

Figure 25 is the preferred schematic diagram of display panel (PCB 220); And

Figure 26 shows the microprocessor into the part of phase-locked loop.

Embodiment

SCH1 61 about equipment realizes, the method for optimizing that allows to carry out a plurality of gauge tables-ST communication is simultaneously discussed.As shown in figure 20.

The index of table 1: Figure 20

Figure 20 A	Classification is interconnected
		Figure 20 B	The SDRAM memory
Figure 20 C	MCF5271?CPU
		Figure 20 D	Debugging
Figure 20 E	Ethernet interface
		Figure 20 F	The Maxim chip
Figure 20 G	Flash memory
		Figure 20 H	Power supply unit
Figure 20 I	Configuration and clock circuit reset
		Figure 20 J	Serial i/O interface
Figure 20 K	Gauge table-V
		Figure 20 L	PLC

Note about Figure 20: (1) unless otherwise mentioned, all decoupling capacitors that are less than or equal to 0.1 μ F all are COG SMD; (2) unless otherwise mentioned, all decoupling capacitors greater than 0.1 μ F all are X7R SMD 0805; (3) all connectors all are designated as Jx; (4) all wire jumper all is designated as JPx; (5) all switches all are designated as SWx; And (6) all test points all are designated as TPx.

Use the easier PLC frequency that obtains of 24.576MHz crystal oscillator.In at least one execution mode, have:

PLL (phase-locked loop), it is locked as the signal flow sampling integral multiple (synchronized sampling of power line frequency) of input AC circuit.

The VCO of 90-100MHz (voltage controlled oscillator), it passes through two PWM (pulse width modulator) module controls by DSP (digital signal processor), and the Direct Driving System clock, thereby DSP and PLL are concerned with.

Synchronous phase detector, it only makes response to the first-harmonic of incoming line frequency wave, and its harmonic wave is not made response.

Be used to carry out the option of FSK (frequency shift keying) and PSK (phase shift keying) modulation scheme.

FFT in some embodiments (fast fourier transform)

Of the present invention aspect at least one in:

(1) transponder uses in the 15-35kHz scope, is the frequency of the multiple of 60Hz.For FSK, transponder preferably uses the frequency of two vicinities, and for PSK, transponder then preferably only uses a frequency.ST must have accurate system clock, produces carrier frequency (especially under the PSK situation) by this system clock.By for example using the device of Maxim DS4000 TCXO to share the common clock of precision as 1ppm, these conditions can satisfy at an easy rate.

(2) one groups of transponders are by obtaining data clock synchronously with a specific phase place (for example: have phase place A, " A " phase place of the main line of B and C).All ST (be immediately not the ST on the same group) can both utilize identical data clock to separate position in FSK or the PSK transmission.

(3) gauge table receives data, transmits data by frequency overlapped-resistable filter, and data are sampled:

(a) MAX1308 ADC is sampled to data with the speed of 60*2048 or 122880Hz by the control of MCF5271 microprocessor.(other passage of MAX1308 or MAX1320 is used to read voltage and current and is used for the continuous data that will be sent to transponder is added up.This continuous data and power line communication data are sampled simultaneously.)

(b) MAX1308 uses 2 JK flip-flop to control the DMA passage of MCF5271, thereby will adopt data directly to deposit in the Coldfire memory.

(c) Coldfire receives two frame data (1/60 second, every frame data comprise 2048 points), and uses wherein first frame as the real part of 2048 complex points, and uses the imaginary part of second frame as 2048 points.These Frames also must with the 60Hz line synchronization.

Because a lot of gauge tables are not on the A of 60Hz circuit phase place, so they must seek correct clock frequency.The illustrative methods of seeking effective preamble comprises: the 60Hz circuit is divided into 8 phase places, sounds out in these 8 phase places then, up to finding correct phase place.In an embodiment of the invention, only when having determined the correct phase place of 60Hz circuit, use a this method by gauge table.Because gauge table will no longer change phase place after connecting.In at least one embodiment, the present invention is divided into part more than 12 to line frequency, considering the minimum resolutions of 30 degree in the line frequency, and has considered contingent phase shift in the distribution transformer.

(d) then, ColdFire carries out 2048 multiple FFT (it spends in per 33 milliseconds 9.8 milliseconds, is used for about 30% CPU computation bandwidth).Then, by the known method of adding and subtracting positive and negative image frequency respectively, 2048 multiple FFT are decomposed into 2 2048 real FFT in real part and imaginary part.Therefore, per 33 milliseconds, each FFT produces 2 bit data.

(e) then, Coldfire analysis data seek effective preamble in the transponder as much as possible that it can be seen.This preamble is 32 figure places known and that share between transponder and gauge table.It is the code of the beginning of definition message.FSK analyzes preferably and realizes by the amplitude of relatively being close to frequency (bin).

(f) use PSK to need another step.Preferred algorithm be from single frequency with the information gathering of complex phase position in buffer, this buffer is enough greatly (for example: 32 preamble) to preserve whole preamble.The precision of the crystal oscillator clock of gauge table is 30ppm.Therefore, phase error is 180 degree on 32 preamble.This just needs the first-order linear correction factor.When 32 preambles of scanning, the paraphase in the contiguous frequency of this algorithm inspection.But, also have phase place rotation and the unknown initial phase that must proofread and correct.Preferably, this system attempts to find the correction factor that produces owing to himself the error of the crystal oscillator factor with trial and error procedure, and scan 32 frames once more, thereby make correction factor in the scope of 1ppm (acceptable error) with respect to 32 possible rotation correction factors.In case find this error, displacement will be very slow, and gauge table can write down himself crystal oscillator error with respect to the known good frequency of one group of transponder.In order to obtain constant error, PSK algorithm each point from 32 preamble windows deducts constant phase.If in 32 windows, do not find preamble, this algorithm etc. comes from following two bits of FFT, remove two bits the earliest, introduce two up-to-date bits, and the multiple scanning process is with phase place and frequency error between definite transponder and the gauge table self.After successfully having determined error frequency, then only need carry out near the rotation correction factor wicket known error the scanning of frame afterwards.Can constantly monitor frequency error with less processing power like this.In baudpll.c (being included in the appendix), disclose and used phase error information to lock onto the similar technology of 60Hz circuit.

Pass the horizontal carrier frequency of distribution transformer

As previously discussed, in the prior art,, then high-frequency signal (from the kHz scope) transmission can not be passed through distribution transformer if do not use any auxiliary equipment at the transformer place.In other method, use expensive auxiliary equipment that transformer is carried out bypass, thereby increased the whole system cost.

An execution mode comprises makes the configuration of PLC signal by DT (distribution transformer).Very more definitely be: magnetic field among the DT and the noise on the circuit differ greatly with the ideal conditions that passes to the PLC signal of gauge table.In one embodiment, address this problem and preferably include two steps:

1. signal coupling: the coupler that designs on strategy is with the electric distribution cable coupling of the MT (middle pressure) of radio frequency and underground or sky.

2. coupler is tuning: signal coupler is automatically tuned to peak efficiency, so that when the electric current on the MT circuit changed, it is maximum that SNR (signal to noise ratio) reaches.

Preferably, coupler is introduced small inductor in the MT circuit, by a group capacitor it tuningly is used for given carrier frequency then, thereby provides high SNR for communication.Signal tuning preferably utilizes the concussion loop, and this concussion loop is by installing coupler on the point that begins at main line, and automatically the matched impedance with the PLC signal on the circuit maximizes.Do not need auxiliary equipment near the transformer.When the Low ESR of main line provides current circuit, just can make the signal maximization on the circuit.The coupler that preferably includes the FERRITE CORE that is surrounded with the coil that has calculated the number of turns is to fixing inductance being provided for the PLC signal.The electric capacity in concussion loop is provided by CRB (capacitor relay group).ATM (automatic tuning module) comprise control among the CRB capacitor and the circuit of relay.

The sketch of ATM is provided by Fig. 2, and wherein, CV is that communication voltage and CN are the communication neutral points.

In order to be identified for the data of tuning performance, ATM calculates have fixed inductance all probable values of electric capacity combination of (considering because the inductance skew that temperature etc. produce) (in the present embodiment, owing to CRB has 10 electric capacity, so by 2 ¹⁰=1024 probable values) ratio of PEAK1/PEAK2, the variable and the setting of the best ratio of storage realization then.All further determine all to finish with respect to this ratio.Typical operation may further comprise the steps: select capacitance, signal is sent to relay, wait relay operation, the processing of wait relay, calculating ratio, compares, sends then signal to disconnect relay, to wait for that relay operation is to handle, the result is stored to memory, other capacitance is repeated this process with other ratio.

In selectable execution mode, said process can carry out different improvement.For example, another execution mode arrives ATM and CRB unit combination among the single ATU (automatic tuning unit).These improvement include, but are not limited to:

1. be increased to 24 circles and capacitor is selected to increase to 4096 trimming scheme that realize by the coil that will twine on the coupler.

2. the continuous tuning that replaces ST to provide with signal generator on the plate.

3. calculated complex PEAK1/PEAK2 ratio (P1/P2 ratio), thereby the amplitude of detected ratios and phase place.This improvement selective resonance circuit inductance better and electric capacity, thus the randomness of selecting capacitance reduced.By determining that not only amplitude also determines phase place, lead-lag behavior and can both determine quickly to the optimal selection of L and C.This has caused relay-operated minimizing and the increase of relay service time conversely.

4. in the frequency band range of 10-110kHz, provide with up to the matched ATU transmission power level of the PLC through-put power of 20W.

Can with coupler be tuned at least 120 ohm the resonant resistance.

Tuner operation

With reference to figure 2, in tuner operation, relay M, 1 and 2 closes, and relay R is opened.Therefore, 50 ohmic resistors are selected to be used for the series via of transponder and coupler.So just avoid damaging the ST transmitter, if so that owing to some reasons make the impedance of coupler infinitely small, signal also still has at least 50 ohm load and finishes tuning.Relay M selects coupler, and tuning process is initialised.Preferred steps comprises:

1.ST indicate: tuning can being initialised to ATM/CRB.

2.ATM/CRB send request to ST, the continuous tuning of signal of communication is sent in request.

3. calculate the PEAK1/PEAK2 ratio.The dc voltage that this ratio is sensed corresponding to ATM.

4. in response to this voltage level, ATM calculates the optimal capacitance value that resonance needs, and sends signal to CRB.

5. by opening and closing relay, in CRB, select suitable electric capacity.

6. with new electric capacity calculating ratio once more.

7. a plurality of capacitances are repeated this process, and when this ratio is high as far as possible, the setting of storage capacitance and inductance.

8. this information is sent to ST, and finishes tuning process.

The standard traffic operation

After tuning, the standard PLC traffic operation is proceeded: relay M and R close, and relay 1 and 2 is opened.

Above-mentioned all improvement will produce improved tuning efficient and precision, simultaneously by reducing maximization service time that unwanted relay operation makes system.

Such coupling device will further be discussed in conjunction with Fig. 2 and above-mentioned the 11/198th, No. 795 U.S. Patent application.

Because the cross-couplings that provides of heterogeneous equipment, the PLC signal that on the particular phases of the feed line of power transformation power company, injects can with other phase place coupling of the identical or different feed line of other power transformation power company.Guarantee that the suitable PLC signal path that returns becomes extremely important.For this reason, shunt capacitance preferably is installed on to press on the bus in the power transformation power master of company and jumps on each phase place of the neutral line, as shown in Figure 3.This installation guarantees that not only the return path of PLC signal is identical feed line, has guaranteed that also the PLC signal of most of injections all flows to load.

Use FFT to carry out plc communication

Embodiments of the present invention can use 3 different frequency bands to carry out plc communication: (1) 10-25kHz, the communication that is used to pass distribution transformer; (2) 25-50kHz is used for low pressure communication; And (3) when a plurality of couplers are installed on the identical medium voltage power line, and 70k-95kHz is used for finishing MT (pressure) coupler to coupler communication.

The characteristic of these execution modes is: the communication frequency that transponder uses is in the kHz scope, and it is rational multiple ((the p/q) * f just of line frequency _Line, wherein p and q are positive integers).This PLC signal is sampled with 240kHz (212*60).According to selection, use suitable FIR (finite impulse response (FIR)) filter that signal is extracted to the aforesaid operations frequency band.Provided the specification of this FIR in the Figure 4 and 5.

Therefore it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that owing to the front end frequency overlapped-resistable filter specification in the present embodiment, need modify to the current realization of discussing, so that the use of 70-90kHz frequency band is incorporated into.Embodiments of the present invention are used this band limits, so that can carry out telecommunication between a plurality of swept repeaters on the middle line ball.Fig. 6 has provided this FIR specification.

According to the selection of suitable FIR filter, under situation, adopt 120kHz (2 by transformer communication ¹¹* 60) or 60kHz (2 ¹¹* 30) extract.Then, the data that extract are 2048 FFT.Therefore, according to the selection of FIR filter, data transfer rate is defined as 60 bauds or 30 bauds.When laterally by distribution transformer, each FFT produces 2 bits for approximately per 66 milliseconds.

The unique ability that transponder and gauge table are carried out FFT make gauge table can on all frequency bands from communicating by letter of all transponders receive simultaneously, demodulation translates, to eliminate the needs to basic passage and idle passage.Therefore, each gauge table can be listened to (listen) all transponders, and the request msg from transponder is made response.In addition, each gauge table can send to the transponder that sends request of data to it with the information relevant with the signal strength signal intensity of each transponder of its uppick, with in response.

Plc communication in the circuit noise environment

(have difference between the＜plc communication that 600V) carries out on the circuit, these two kinds of power delivery media have different PLC signal environments in middle pressure (4-35kV) and low pressure (LV).Although pressing element has the difficulty of himself in realizing, for plc communication, the LV that middle pressure ratio obviously shows the corona discharge noise has more quietly environment.Embodiments of the present invention have overcome a historical difficult problem that realizes plc communication in high line is made an uproar environment.

Fig. 7 shows the snapshots in time of the average low pressure noise spectrum of 0-100kHz in the 60Hz power line.Though noise level is high-end enough low frequency range, in the 10-25kHz scope, the noise ratio signal rises sooner.In at least one execution mode of the present invention, comprised on the half strange harmonic wave by online frequency and injected the PLC signal and ways of addressing this issue.As shown in Figure 8.

When passing transformer, because every 30Hz finishes FFT one time, and harmonic interval is 60Hz, and therefore, data bit is present in the 201.5th subharmonic and the corresponding frequency range of the 202.5th subharmonic with 60Hz, as shown in Figure 8.When using the FSK scheme, preferred algorithm is considered this two frequencies, and the signal amplitude in these 2 frequencies of comparison is to determine 1 or 0.This FSK scheme is used two frequencies, and produces the data transfer rate of 30 bauds.It will be apparent for a person skilled in the art that the data transfer rate that also can use other scheme of QFSK for example to produce 60 bauds.

The very important advantage of communicating by letter on these frequencies is that SNR will be improved more than the 40dB.When noise floor than harmonic wave low～during 80dB, on other frequency range, also can obtain similar result.

Eliminate the phase ambiguity of the plc communication in the heterogeneous environment

Transponder is by distributing time window to communicate for each gauge table.In most of application systems, the width of time window is a line period.Yet as mentioned above, when passing distribution transformer communication, time slot width may be 2 line periods, as shown in figure 10.Consider the ability that a plurality of gauge tables and transponder are communicated by letter simultaneously, each gauge table is shifted to its internal clocking, with its Frame and data frame alignment from transponder input.This aligning is preferably finished by following steps:

1. set up the reference of a t=0: in order to set up the data frame alignment between ST and the gauge table, 0 time reference that need be used to communicate by letter.This time reference is to be provided by the remote server that self is locked on the particular phases (such as, A phase place).This can finish by using RTC (real-time clock) circuit, and the RTC circuit uses the 60Hz line frequency as time reference (for example multi-functional CMOS real-time clock, Intersil CDP68HC68T1).Time reference is sent to all ST by express network from server.

2. meter data frame and a plurality of transponder are aimed at: when gauge table powers on, it will listen to a plurality of ST in the zone.Yet gauge table itself is in different phase places, and because line is drawn topological structure, each Frame that gauge table receives also can experience different phase change.Along with frame more and more departs from aligning, the probability of error will increase, thus the ability that has lowered whole SNR and distinguished 1 and 0.When gauge table is attempted its Frame and its each ST that can hear on time, gauge table is its Frame displacement, and calculates every kind of SNR that may make up (24 kinds of combinations are arranged for the 30Hz Frame, for the 60Hz Frame by 12 kinds of combinations).In addition, it locks onto and can make the maximized ST of SNR.

When being horizontally through transformer, ST and gauge table all in the 10-25kHz scope every 30Hz PLC and data-signal are carried out a FFT.Because the PLL that realizes in ST and gauge table is locked in circuit, therefore, Frame also with the 60Hz line synchronization.Yet because underlying cause, Frame can change on phase place:

The range transformer configuration that (a) can exist on the path between ST and the gauge table (delta-Wye etc.).

(b) because ST is locked on the specific phase, and single-phase and polyphase meter scale can be powered on by other phase place, therefore can produce phase shift.

The most approaching on time when meter data frame and ST Frame, the SNR ratio reaches maximum.From the starting point of gauge table, this need receive the PLC signal from its whole ST that can hear, decoded signal is checked the SNR ratio by the aligned data frame, then the ST that produces maximum SNR is made response.Fig. 9 shows 12 kinds of modes that Frame may be offset on phase place.In addition, because the every 30Hz of the Frame on the 60Hz circuit can utilize, therefore, have two kinds of possibilities corresponding to 60Hz can be obtained 2 kinds of possible phase places divided by 2.Therefore, there are 24 kinds of non-aligned modes in meter data frame and ST Frame.

The significant advantage that Frame locks onto on the line frequency can be explained like this: all have in each Frame and have an integer carrier cycle.Remember this, and the Fourier transform of recalling rectangular function produces SIN function (shown in Figure 13 (a)), when a plurality of gauge tables are communicated by letter simultaneously, and wherein each gauge table all with interior data clock cycle displacement with the data frame alignment of input the time, the aliasing at zero point of this SIN function, and the smearing of data bit and the reduction of SNR (shown in Figure 13 (b)) do not take place.So just produced very high SNR, even a plurality of gauge table is communicated by letter simultaneously.The reason of system that Here it is experience communication-alignment pattern, wherein: (1) in one embodiment, remote server can be distributed to all ST with global clock (may obtain) from line frequency; (2) gauge table receives data from a plurality of ST simultaneously; (3) thus gauge table determine the skew in its data clock Frame and a plurality of ST aimed at; And (4) gauge table locks onto the generation ST of the highest SNR.

In the band limits of 10-25kHz, preferably, the cycle is carried out a FFT frequently for every 30Hz or per 2 lines.In each frame of ST, all has an odd-integral number carrier frequency cycle.Preferred modulation scheme is FSK (frequency shift keying), if n cycle transmitted 1 bit, 0 bit need be transmitted by n+2 carrier frequency cycle so.Importantly discern 2 circulations of himself 60Hz for gauge table, thereby can decode per 1/30 second available data bit (as shown in figure 10).In Figure 11, when Frame is aligned (situation I) or when it is in non-aligned (situation II and III) with different angles, 2 ST (ST1 and ST2) that sent bit by gauge table (M1 to) tackle.Two ST use different frequencies to communicate.FSK is used for the decoded bits signal.

In situation II and III, M1 with out-of-alignment Frame to signal decoding; Therefore, have energy and spill into contiguous (half is strange at interval) frequency.If the signal level that drops into " closing on " frequency is less than noise floor, signal can be correctly decoded so.Yet, if, distinguishing 1 and 0 ability so greater than noise floor (as situation III), the signal level of overflowing will reduce, therefore whole SNR can reduce, thereby deciphers with leading to errors.Therefore,

If a. frame misalignment the holder tail effect of data bit can take place so, and SNR can reduce.

B. when frequency shift and when having out-of-alignment Frame, just have considerable energy and spill into contiguous FFT zone, and can cause interference other ST that uses the frequency in these special frequency channel communicate in the system.

In Figure 11, SNR1＞SNR2＞SNR3.Wish that SNR distributes the normal distribution that looks like correction, and a ST who aims at the meter data frame can produce maximum SNR.Then, gauge table locks onto this ST and is used for further communication (Figure 12).Gauge table is in the lock state always, up to the SNR of gauge table ratio great change has taken place, and in this case, repeats said process.

Above technology need not be provided with bypass to distribution transformer and just provide significant improvement to the prior art of passing distribution transformer execution PLC, has also kept the solid and reliable communication that can access high-throughput simultaneously.

Analog signal link in the preferred implementation

This part will discuss PCB 202 block diagrams (as Figure 14), and can with the schematic diagram cross-reference among Figure 23.Each metering and communication port preferably include and carry out signal processing analog front end circuit before.

Present embodiment is used the frequency overlapped-resistable filter with fixed gain, and it provides the single order temperature to follow the tracks of, thereby can exempt the needs of calibration measurement table once more when temperature drift.The AFE (analog front end) of voltage (electric current) passage preferably includes the programmable attenuator before voltage (electric current) sensing element and the back frequency overlapped-resistable filter.Attenuator reduces the level of input signal, so that can not produce the wave absorption phenomenon after the frequency overlapped-resistable filter.The frequency overlapped-resistable filter of constant-gain returns to total head at the input of ADC with signal.In order to measure, frequency overlapped-resistable filter will be clipped greater than the frequency of 5kHz.Then, input is fed to ADC into a DSP part.

Although generally include the PGA (programmable gain amplifier) that follows the low gain frequency overlapped-resistable filter thereafter in the prior art, but, to those skilled in the art, in this embodiment, it is conspicuous using the advantage of the programmable attenuator of following big fixed gain filter thereafter.In addition, realizing that at single chip these two frequency overlapped-resistable filters are duplicate, all is to utilize identical Quad Op Amps and 25ppm resistance and NPO/COG capacitor to realize.This provides the device of a kind of V of being used for and I passage, and it need not calibration measurement table once more to following the tracks of up to the temperature drift of single order.

On the contrary, use PGA and low gain filter will not allow the phase drift that produces owing to temperature in V and the I signal is followed the tracks of.This is because the phase drift that PGA introduces is the function of gain.

The execution mode of this uniqueness comprises frequency overlapped-resistable filter pairing, and is identical to guarantee the phase drift that runs at the voltage and current passage, and the therefore not compromise of precision of power calculation (product of V and I).

Digital signal chain in the preferred implementation

At least one execution mode preferably uses PLL (phase-locked loop) sampling of signal flow to be locked as the multiple of input AC line frequency.In the execution mode of Tao Luning, sample rate and power line are asynchronous in the above.(be referred to herein as " D gauge table ") in the gauge table circuit that Figure 23 represents, have the VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) that is operated in 90-100MHz, it is controlled by 2 PWM (pulse-width modulator) by DSP (Digital Signal Processing) engine.VCO directly drives the system clock (PLL that forbidding is inner) of dsp chip, so DSP becomes the part of PLL.The system clock of DSP locked onto help on the power line sampling and power line waveform are aimed at.Phase detectors should play a part such: only the first-harmonic of 60Hz incoming wave is made response, and its harmonic wave is not made response.Figure 19 is the block diagram that preferred DSP realizes.

DSP BIOS or active environment switch code provide 3 storehouses, are respectively applied for backstage, plc communication and serial communication.Little microprocessor utilizes I ²C drive is communicated by letter with DSP.The MSP430F2002 integrated circuit is measured amount of power supply, is distorted port, temperature and cell voltage.The task of MSP430F2002 comprises:

I. keep RTC;

Ii. measure cell voltage;

Iii. measure temperature;

Iv. measurement+U power supply;

V. DSP resets after stopping power supply;

Vi., additional watchdog circuit is provided; And

Vii. provide 1 second with reference to entering DSP as a reference, to measure with respect to system clock from VCO.

The realization of the metering preferred embodiment

Each data flow all has the circuit that is associated and realizes simulation amplification and anti-aliasing.

Each AFE (analog front end) part all has the programmable attenuator by high-level code control.To data flow with 60kHz (2 ¹⁰* 60) sampling is used the FIR filter then this data flow is extracted to～15kHz (2 ⁸* 60).This filter specification as shown in figure 15.

Be only and be concerned about because only reach the data of 3 kHz, therefore, use with the sample rate of～15kHz extracting roll-offing of 3-12kHz on the FIR.The frequency map of 0-3 or 12-15kHz is arrived 0-3kHz.Carry out real FFT to produce two data flow, these two data flow can further resolve into 4 data flow: the real part of the real part of voltage and imaginary part and electric current and imaginary part.This is to obtain by the positive and negative image frequency of adding and subtracting real part and imaginary part respectively.Because the aliasing signal in the 12-15kHz scope is reduced to below the 80dB, therefore, use the precision that FIR filter previously discussed can reach to be needed.Selectable, can carry out 256 multiple FFT to each phase place of the data flow that extracts.This will produce 2 pairs of data flow: the imaginary part of the real part of expression voltage and expression electric current.In this method, per 16.667 milliseconds of needs carry out 256 multiple FFT one time.

Finish any FFT and all can produce following voltage and current, wherein symbol V _{M, n}The m subharmonic of representing n cycle.For example, V ₁₁And I ₁₁Corresponding to the first-harmonic in first cycle, and V ₂₁And I ₂₁Corresponding to the first harmonic in first cycle, or the like, as shown in figure 16.

The real part of the harmonic content in any k cycle and imaginary part can be provided by following formula:

V _mk＝Re(V _mk)+iIm(V _mk)；m＝1...M

I _mk＝Re(I _mk)+iIm(I _mk)；k＝1...n

The imaginary part of voltage is the synchronous measurement that PLL and line lack frequently.In order to calculate metered amount, these calculating are all carried out in time domain.In time domain, the FFT performance makes provides the flexibility of only using first-harmonic or comprising the Harmonics Calculation metered amount.The plural form of the voltage and current that use obtains from FFT, metered amount can be calculated by following formula:

P＝V _mk*I _mk

W＝Re(P)＝Re(V _mk)*Re(I _mk)+Im(I _mk)*Im(V _mk)

Var＝Im(P)＝Re(I _mk)*Im(V _mk)-Re(V _mk)*Im(I _mk)

PowerFactor＝W/P

In the equation above, (V when comprising harmonic wave _Mk﹠amp; I _MkM=1...M, k=1...n), all metered amounts have all comprised influence of harmonic.On the other hand, (V when having only first-harmonic to be used _1k﹠amp; I _1k), all amounts of calculation are all only represented the contribution of 60Hz.For example, we have provided the calculating when only using first-harmonic.Only use in all FFT Frames V ₁And I ₁For one group of given N frame and line frequency f _Line, calculate following amount:

$\mathrm{kWh}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}[\mathrm{Re}\left(V_{1i}\right)*\mathrm{Re}\left({\mathrm{Ii}}_{1i}\right)*\mathrm{Im}\left(I_{1i}\right)*\mathrm{Im}\left(V_{1i}\right)]*{\mathrm{\Δt}}_i*{10}^{-3}$

$\mathrm{kVAr}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}[\mathrm{Re}\left(I_{1i}\right)*\mathrm{Im}\left(V_{1i}\right)-\mathrm{Re}\left(V_{1i}\right)*\mathrm{Im}\left(I_{1i}\right)]*{\mathrm{\Δt}}_i*{10}^{-3}$

$\mathrm{kVAh}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\left|V_{1i}\right|*\left|I_{1i}\right|*{\mathrm{\Δt}}_i*{10}^{-3}$

$V^{2}h=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\left|V_{1i}\right|}^2*{\mathrm{\Δt}}_i$

$I^{2}h=\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\left|I_{1i}\right|}^2*\mathrm{\Δ}{t}_i$

Δt＝1/f _line

The displacement power factor is provided by following formula:

$\mathrm{Cos}\left(\mathrm{\θ}\right)=\left|\frac{W}{\mathrm{VA}}\right|,$ Wherein W and VA only comprise first-harmonic;

VA ₁=V ₁RMS*I ₁RMS, wherein for n cycle:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="A20068005100700561.png,A20068005100700591.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1\mathrm{RMS}=\sqrt{\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\left|V_{1n}\right|}^2}$ And $I_1\mathrm{RMS}=\sqrt{\underset{n=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\left|I_{1n}\right|}^2}$

THD is the measurement of the harmonic distortion of appearance, and it is defined as the power total amount of all harmonic components and the ratio of fundamental power.For n cycle, it is calculated by following formula:

${\mathrm{VTHD}}_n=\frac{\sqrt{\underset{m=2}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{V_{\mathrm{mn}}}^2}}{V_{1n}}$ And $\mathrm{ITH}{D}_n=\frac{\sqrt{\underset{m=2}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{I_{\mathrm{mn}}}^2}}{I_{1n}}$

Wherein, V _{M, n}(I _{M, n}) be m subharmonic from n the cycle that FFT obtains, wherein, V _{M, n} ²=Re (V _{M, n}) ²+ Im (V _{M, n}) ²And I _{M, n} ²=Re (I _{M, n}) ²+ Im (I _{M, n}) ²

When calculating metered amount, this provides the flexibility that comprises or do not comprise harmonic wave.

The logical derivation of the data that receive from PLC

Communication execution mode of the present invention allows the message that comes from a plurality of swept repeaters and gauge table is carried out demodulation simultaneously, thereby provides very big improvement to communication.In case set up preferred gauge table in ST network and the coverage, and had suitable tuning and Coupling device, this system is then preferably with 3 different mode operations:

1. communication-alignment pattern: before the gauge table image data, ST is sent in the signal flow recurrent pulses that change between 1 and 0, continues about 5 minutes.Whole gauge tables of coverage all are programmed and receive this pulse mode.Gauge table is aimed at its data clock, and selects best ST, comes to communicate with other pattern of system operation with this ST.

2. data acquisition scheme: in case data clock is aimed at input FFT frame, gauge table in then up-to-date with it cross reference table of each ST in the network communicates, and as requested or predetermined scheme, use PLC to gather the data that are stored in the gauge table holder.

3. dynamic mapped mode: whole ST network preferably co-operate to survey the variation in the coverage.These variations can include, but are not limited to:

A) independent hardware fault

I. gauge table hardware fault

Ii. transformer fuse failure

B) power failure

I. distribution transformer fault

Ii. feed line fault

C) switching of feed line

I. feed line fault

Ii. the load balance of system scope

D) the auxiliary and renewal of gauge table

Usually, changeable feed line main line (for example, make feed line can not safeguard, because feed line fault and load in switched feed line or the balance sysmte).In either case, swept repeater all can lose with gauge table between communicate by letter because they no longer can be got in touch with ST.As some existing techniques in realizing, have very big related between the extensibility to the renewal of cross reference table and system.At least in one aspect, following this problem that solved of the present invention:

Consider typical Utilities Electric Co. equipment as shown in Figure 1: B1 and B2 are connected to 9 distribution transformer (Ti; I=1 to 9) feed line branch.These transformers are different types of (single-phase or heterogeneous) gauge table power supply that is connected in the secondary low-voltage side.By switch U1, U2, U3 and U4, B1 branch can obtain feed from the feed line that one of three power transformation power companies send.Similarly, the gauge table that is connected to B2 can obtain feed from power transformation power company 2 or power transformation power company 3 by using switch U5 and U6.In addition, also have sub-branch, it can obtain feed from any one power transformation power company by switch S B1 of sub-branch and SB2.

The remote server catalogue

The remote server that the ST system connects has been kept catalogue (for example, LDAP or LDAP), and it is actually has the layered framework that each object of Utilities Electric Co. is shared in representative.In case system configuration is fed in the catalogue, when changing in the zone, the continuous mapping of algorithm injects row and upgrades.This has comprised and meter communications, and by the information that comprises main channel and alternate channel system configuration automatically has been mapped to each gauge table.As shown in figure 17.

Therefore, catalogue comprise with network in the relevant information of each level of abstraction, feed line layer, phase layer, distribution transformer layer and metering top layer.The program of the communication performance of each ST of server operation monitoring, thus the master clock of each ST obtained.Each transformer is all designated to have the analytic accounting scale (to be generally first gauge table that connects, m ₁), ST constantly communicates by letter with this analytic accounting scale, to survey outage or other variation of coverage.

For example, SS1 provides feed by switch U1 to B1.In this case, catalogue has comprised in look-up table and has been used for the gauge table m that is connected with T1 ₁Following information:

Table 2

The m1 path	Power transformation power company	Feed line	Switch	Transformer	Swept repeater
						Main path	?1	?F1	?U1	?T1	?ST1F1 1
Standby 1	?1	?F2	?U2	?T1	?ST1F2 1
						Standby 2	?2	?F1	?U3	?T1	?ST2F1 1
Standby 3	?3	?F2	?U4	?T1	?ST3F2 1

Swept repeater is name so preferably, so that first numerical table shows corresponding power transformation power company, and the numerical table after the F shows the feed wire size of sending from this power transformation power company accordingly, and subscript is represented the phase place of its installation.Figure 17 has described the example directory structure that realizes in server, it can dispose and be used for variety of event information.These incidents can comprise: (1) basic power consumption data; (2) outage data; (3) power quality information; (4) the state verification mark of several sections in the network; (5) the load curve information of some gauge table; (6) defense of the part of network architecture maintenance mark; And the state variation mark of (7) network element (for example switch, feed line converter and recloser).The optimization algorithm that is used to set up the state variation mark of some network element and is used to make the outage localization is discussed below.

In order to explain this algorithm, we have m transformer at hypothesis, and each transformer has n gauge table.Running index i is 1 to m, and index k is 1 to n.

After the typical data acquisition operational phase, server preferably produces the tabulation of failing to communicate by letter with its ST separately and therefore failing to report the gauge table of consumption data.LIST (tabulation) is a preference data structures of listing the gauge table of failing to communicate by letter.With reference to Figure 18, preferably,

1. during data acquisition scheme, the gauge table in ST and its cross reference table communicates, and gathers the energy consumption interval data.

2. the gauge table of all being failed to communicate by letter with ST is grouped in the data structure of LIST by name.This data structure storage is stored in the server.

3. server is determined to select the path, by this path, can utilize the look-up table (table 2) in the memory that gauge table is conducted interviews.

4. the path selected of all gauge tables is followed the tracks of.

5. obtain consequent, the localization of will cutting off the power supply is provided with sign, and provides report by sending order for control centre of Utilities Electric Co. to Utilities Electric Co..

6. map of services among the LDAP and look-up table are upgraded, with the visit gauge table.

Each data collection cycle finish into after, continue to carry out above-mentioned steps.

By carrying out above-mentioned treatment step, not only system map is dynamically updated, and Utilities Electric Co. has also obtained the instant message (outage, feed line switching etc.) about the variation in the coverage.In addition, if Utilities Electric Co.'s decision stops to certain user's power supply (usually owing to confirm its not payment), so corresponding gauge table just can not be communicated by letter.In case notified this to change by EMS, just can connect remote server, and this variation is tested by CIS (customer information system) with Utilities Electric Co..This gauge table cross reference table of just having removed from ST carries out artificial regeneration, therefore this system all can be expanded to Utilities Electric Co. and sub-measuring equipment.

As discussed, the peculiar property of some execution mode of the present invention is the synchronous of whole transponder data clocks and global data clock, the global data clock can obtain from remote server, and remote server can obtain the clock of himself from one of line phase place frequently.Further, when slave (being generally gauge table) carried out FFT to Frame, it was preferably with its data clock displacement, so that its FFT frame is aimed at (as shown in Figure 9) with the input data bit.In case finished displacement, each gauge table has just obtained absolute phase (absolute phase 0 degree refers to " phase place A ", and absolute phase 120 degree refer to " phase place B ", and absolute phase 240 degree refer to " phase place C ").This unique ability allows to determine absolute phase in the whole system zone by remote server.

Existing systems is not considered determining the absolute phase of gauge table.Gauge table in some system comprises the information about phase place, but relative phase just, is the phase place of three intervals, 120 degree because gauge table " sees ".The information that lacks about phase continuity also is the reason that is difficult to accurately determine the absolute phase of feed-in wall socket, and described wall socket is arranged in the room with a plurality of sockets that the multi-story structure of presenting three-phase electricity has the floor in a plurality of rooms.

Embodiments of the present invention provide the continuity of the phase information that spreads all over whole zone, the transponder this zone comprises from remote server to the power transformation power company that is installed in the gauge table downstream, and gauge table is installed in the area of low pressure.This performance can be discerned the absolute phase that each the single-phase gauge table in the coverage is powered on.

Consider top performance, embodiments of the present invention can be reconstructed by the load of phase place to distribution transformer, and need be at the secondary output actual installation three phase metering table of transformer.Install for the typical electric power that is made of a plurality of transformers, this has reduced system cost when providing value added service.Vector by calculating three electric currents on the phase place and, can accurately determine total load on the distribution transformer in power transformation power company.

Submeter comprises: according to the energy consumption of each resident family, the cost of energy that carries out in many resident families dwelling house scope distributes.Electric energy that each resident family consumes measured by gauge table and the power line by dwelling house sends to swept repeater with consumption data, and this transponder is preferably mounted in the entrance of dwelling house.Then, can by many communications infrastructures (for example: radio, telephone wire, GPRS, or the like) from transponder data are conducted interviews.In preferred submeter equipment, removed all components that is used for medium-voltage equipment, because ST and gauge table all are installed on the low-voltage line.

Having in the submeter environment of a plurality of electrical power services devices of big building feed, a plurality of ST are installed, each ST is used for a kind of service.Yet because the mutual coupling (for Servers-all all is by the neutral line, and load is to pass through phase place for phase place) between the PLC signal, therefore, distributing special gauge table to each ST is a tediously long process.The ST that the present invention allows to be installed on the different server can link to each other with remote server, and this remote server can be along with each transponder dynamic assignment gauge table cross reference table that is changed to of communication environment.

Preferred submeter control module comprises: distribution panelboard (schematic diagram as shown in figure 21) also has PLC and transmits and receives circuit on it.Distribution panelboard is powered to CPU board.This control module also comprises: I/O expansion board (schematic diagram as shown in figure 22), this expansion board have the I/O scaling option of communicating by letter of several startups from metering module and CPU board.

Preferred control module also comprises: CPU board (schematic diagram as shown in figure 23), it has DSP (Digital Signal Processing) processor.

Use for the dwelling house of wishing finite data (only wishing energy consumption usually), another execution mode can comprise: low cost gauge table, it compares the resource with minimizing with gauge table shown in Figure 23.This gauge table circuit is PCB 240, as shown in figure 24.

Each dwelling house gauge table also preferably includes 9 display screens, and (PCB 220; Schematic diagram as shown in figure 25).

Although this paper has described FFT in all cases,, those skilled in the art will recognize that, in each case, also all can use DFT (discrete Fourier transform).

Previously described various execution mode all is exemplary, is not limitation of the present invention.Those skilled in the art will recognize that, can carry out various modifications to above-mentioned execution mode, and can not depart from the scope of the present invention that claim is listed.

Appendix

FFT?UPDATE

＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊

＊＊＊＊＊＊

.text

.align 2

.globl fft_execute13

.type fft_execute13，@function

fft_execute13：

/＊Move?stack?to?sram，save?registers?there?＊/

move.1?sram_stack，％a0

movm.1?#0xfcfc，(％a0)?/＊saves?d2-d7，a2-a5，fp?，sp＊/

move.1?4(％sp)，％a5

move.1?8(％sp)，％a4

move.1?bit_reverse_index，％a1

move.1?12(％sp)，％a3

move.1?16(％sp)，％a2

move.1?％a0，％sp

/＊put?copy?of?arguments?on?new?stack＊/

move.1?％a5，72(％sp) /＊inr＊/

move.1?％a4，76(％sp) /＊ini＊/

move.1?％a3，80(％sp) /＊outr＊/

move.1?％a2，84(％sp) /＊outi＊/

/＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊?decimate ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊/

clr.1％d0

1：

move.w(％a1)+，％a0

move.w(％a5，％a0.1＊2?)，％a6

move.1％a6，(％a3)+

move.w?(％a4，％a0.1＊2)，％a6

move.1％a6，(％a2)+

addq.1#1，％d0

cmp.1#2047，％d0

jble?1b

/＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊ fft?outer?loop＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊/

moveq.1#1，％d0

move.1?％d0，60(％sp) /＊nab＊/

move.1?#1024，％d0

move.1?％d0，56(％sp) /＊ngrps＊/

clr.1?52(％sp) /＊stage＊/

2：

move.1?80(％sp)，％a5 /＊waccpxr＊/

move.1?84(％sp)，％a4 /＊waccpxi＊/

move.1?60(％sp)，％d0 /＊nab＊/

1s1.1#2，％d0

1ea(％a5，％d0.1)，％a2 /＊waccpyr＊/

1ea(％a4，％d0.1)，％a0 /＊waccpyi＊/

clr.1 48(％sp)

move.1?56(％sp)，％d0

cmp.1 48(％sp)，％d0

jble?6f

move.1?60(％sp)，％d0

1s1.1#2，％d0

move.1％d0，％a6

3：

move.1?twiddle_real，％a3

move.1?twiddle_imag，％a1

clr.1％d6

cmp.1?60(％sp)，％d6

jbge?5f

move.1?56(％sp)，％d7

1s1.1#2，％d7

4：

move.1(％a5)，％d0

move.1(％a4)，％d5

move.1(％a2)，％d3

move.1(％a0)，％d4

move.1(％a3)，％d2

move.1(％a1)，％d1

mov.1％d0，％ACC0

mov.1％d5，％ACC1

mov.1％d0，％ACC2

mov.1％d5，％ACC3

mac.1％d3，％d2，％ACC0

msac.1％d4，％d1，％ACC0

mov.1％ACC0，％d0

move.1％d0，(％a5)+

mac.1％d3，％d1，％ACC1

mac.1％d4，％d2，％ACC1

mov.1％ACC1，％d0

move.1％d0，(％a4)+

msac.1％d3，％d2，％ACC2

mac.1％d4，％d1，％ACC2

mov.1％ACC2，％d0

move.1％d0，(％a2)+

msac.1％d3，％d1，％ACC3

msac.1％d4，％d2，％ACC3

mov.1％ACC3，％d0

move.1％d0，(％a0)+

addq.1#1，％d6

add.1％d7，％a3

add.1％d7，％a1

cmp.1?60(％sp)，％d6

jblt 4b

5：?moveq.1#1，％d0

add.1?％d0，48(％sp)

add.1?％a6，％a5

add.1?％a6，％a4

add.1?％a6，％a2

add.1?％a6，％a0

move.1?56(％sp)，％d0

cmp.1?48(％sp)，％d0

jbgt?3b

6：

moveq.1#1，％d0

add.1?％d0，52(％sp)

move.1?60(％sp)，％d0

add.1?％d0，％d0

move.1?％d0，60(％sp)

move.1?56(％sp)，％d0

asr.1?#1，％d0

move.1?％d0，56(％sp)

moveq.1?#10，％d0

cmp.1?52(％sp)，％d0

jbge?2b

movm.1(％sp)，#0xfcfc /＊restores?d2-d7，a2-a5，sp＊/

rts

ABS.DEF

/*

version?2.00?for?slash?2?9/8/2000?sas

*/

#define?abs(x)(x＜0？-x:x)

ALIGNPH.C

/*align?the?phases?of?the?meter?by?trying?18?possibilities?from?table

*/

/*normally?6?communication?phases?on?each?of?3?relay?settings*/

/*

vsrsion?2?9/28/1994?sas

1)include?tryplc?def

2)move?required?receptions?and?xmit?relay?array?to?non?vol?ram

3) change?method?of?calculating?best?parms?after?REQUIRED?RECEPTIONS

met

a)first?isolate?best?phase，then?best?delay

*/

/*

version?1?created?for?tmx5?12/28/1999?sas

1) eliminate?searches?for?delays，because?all?TMX-5

automatically?search?delays?on?receive

2) add?more?xmit?relays，NUM_XMIT_IDXS?per?NUM_RCV_IDXS

3) align?a?meter?completely?before?going?on.Writr?meter_align_stru

to?flash

when?done.

version?1.02?11/19/2001?sas

1) don′t?defer?a?slot?in?alignph?on?con-comm-return?non?comm?and

let?do_scan()defer?it

version?1.03?2003-06-18

1) clean?up?looping?in?setpoll

2) fix?bug?where?master?edgewait?time?was?set?to?20?seconds?at?end

of?setpoll

3) change?order?of?search?on?setpoll-channel?2?first?then?channel

1

4) search?phases?first，then?channels

*/

#include″clklink.def″

#include″mtrlink.def″

#include″plc.def″

#include″serlink.def″

#include″copymem.h″

#include″plc.h″

#include″scan.h″

#include″log.h″

#include″flash_io.h″

const?cmdstru8?init_setpoll_cmd＝{0xa，0，0，0，0，sizeof

(mastcmdastru)/sizeof(long)，0，0}；

const?cmdstru8?init_alignph_cmd＝{0x0，0，0，0，0，sizeof

(mastcmd0stru)/sizeof(long)，0，0}；

#pragma?region(″data＝canRamInit2″)

void(*alignph_default_scan_statep)(void)＝alighph_default_scan_state；

void(*setpoll_default_scan_statep)(void)＝setpoll_default_scan_state；

#pragma?reion(″data＝scanRamInit3″)

void(*alignph_init_statestrp)(void)＝alignph_init_statestr；

void(*setpoll_init_statestrp)(void)＝setpoll_init_statestr；

#pragma?region(″data＝scanWarmStart″)

void(*alignph_warm_startp)(void)＝alignph_warm_start；

void(*setpoll_warm_startp)(void)＝setpoll_warm_start；

#pragma?region(″data＝data″)

SCANFN_RET?init_setpoll(SCANFN_ARGS)

{

return(STATE_INITIALIZED)；

}

#define?SHORT_EDGEWAIT(80)

int?chan_switch_table[4][2]＝{

{-1，-1}，//none-quit

{1，0}， //low channels?1?and?2

{2，3}， //high?channels?3?and?4

{4，0} //xlow?channels?1?and?5

}；

int?setpoll_retries，setpoll_rcv_idx，setpoll_changroup，setpoll_chan；

SCANFN_RET?setpoll(scanfnargs*sfap)

{

messu?mess_u；

messghdr?messgHdr；

setpollmessg*setpoll_messgp；

setpollstru?set_poll；

reg8stru?reg8；

unsigned?int?rcv_idx，good_resp；

int?i，j，k，l，n，cg，flag；

SCANFAN_RET?returncd；

int?try_cg，default_cg，num_cg；

int?masterEdgewaitTime_save＝parmstru.channel.masterEdgewaitTime；

comparmstru?temp_comum_parm_stru；

returnccd＝NO_COMM；

temp_comm_parm_stru＝*sfap-＞comm_parm_strup；

/*get?the?last?time?the?poll/cg?was?set*/

mess_u＝scandatap[sfap-＞scan_slot+1]{sfap-＞meter_state]；

default_cg＝scan_stru.ptrs.xref_strup-＞reg8.xref_5.changroup；

num_cg＝1；

if(default_cg！＝0)

{

++num_cg；

}

if(mess_u.messp)

{

/*additional?changroup?to?try?if?it?is?not?0?and?not?the

default?cg*/

try_cg＝mess_u.setpolleventp-＞_settpoll_messg.reg8.setpoll_

5.changroup；

if(try_cg！＝0&&?try_cg！＝default_cg)

{

++num_cg；

}

}

else

{

try_cg＝default_cg；

{

/*set?up?a?record?for?the?setpoll?event*/

messgHdr＝getMessgHdr(SCAN_DATA，messglen(setpollmessg))；

messgHdr.time.rtc＝sfap-＞sp-＞serno；

mess_u＝putNextDailyMessgHdr(&messgHdr)；

if(mess_u.messp)

{

setpoll_messgp＝&mess_u.setpolleventp-＞settpoll_messg；

reg8.ulong＝0

reg8.setpoll_5.changroup＝default+cg；

reg8.setpoll_5.fnlndex＝SETPOLL_STATE；

/*put?only?the?first?16?bits?of?the?reg8?save?rest?for?later*/

if(0＝＝putWord(&setpoll_messgp-＞reg8.ushorta[0]，reg8.ushorta

[0]))

{

storePointers(mess_u，DAILY_EVENTS，ONLY_ONE_EVENT，NO_WAIT)；

/*set?up?the?command*/

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.command＝init_setpoll_cmd.command；

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.size＝init_setpoll_cmd.size；

/*set?the?channel?group?in?the?meter?to?the?NEW?channel

group*/

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.reg＝default_cg；

/*re-lock?the?channel?number?except?channel?l?on?xlow*/

if(freq_range(parmstru.parm.comm_parm_stru.rcvRelay)

＝＝PLC_PH_XLOW_FREQ&&parmstru.channelNbr＝＝0)

{

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.flag?1＝0.

}

else

{

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.flag?1＝1；

}

/*lock?the?channel?group*/

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.flag2＝1；

/*we?have3?channel?groups?to?try-try?right?now?to?fix?it

using?the?default?parameters?rcv_idx，xmit_relay?and

channel?that?came?from?do_scan*/

returned＝NO-COMM；

if(temp_comm_parm_stru7.xmitRelay&&try_cg！＝default_cg)

{

/*set?the?channel?group?to?the?old?group*/

changroup＝try_cg；

/*signal?to?acquire?channel*/

parmstru.ctrl|＝ACQUIRE_CHANNEL；

while((parmstru.ctrl&ACQUIRE_CHANNE)&&(！

(parmstru.ctrl&DO_BREAK))&&(scan_ctrl.scanLevel＝＝Run&&！

scan_ctrl.pause))

{

scanwait()；

}

parmstru.channel.masterEdgewaitTime＝SHORT_EDGEWAIT；

/*set?turn?around?delay*/

good_resp＝try_plc(6)；

if(good_resp＝＝GOOD_REPLY||good_resp＝＝GOT?STATUS)

{

returncd＝STATE_COMPLETE；

}

else

{

returncd＝NO_COMM；

}

}

if(returncd＝＝NO_COMM)

{

/*if?we?already?have?paramters，try?them*/

if(temp_comm_parm_stru.xmitRelay)

{

/*if?we?have?aligned?this?meter?already，try?the

existing?parms?first*/

/*set?the?channel?group?to?the?default?group*/

changroup＝default_cg；

/*signal?to?acquire?channel*/

parmstru.ctrl|＝ACQUIRE_CHANNEL；

while((parmstru.ctrl&ACQUIRE_CHANNEL)&&(！

(parmstru.ctrl&DO_BREAK))&&(scan_ctrl.scanLevel＝＝RUN&&！

scan_ctrl.pause))

{

scan?wait?0

}

/*try?6?times?with?the?default?cg?before?looking

for?all?possibilities*/

good_resp＝try_plc(6)；

if(good_resp＝＝GOOD_REPLY||good_resp＝＝GOT_STATUS)

{

returncd＝STATE_COMPLETE；

}

else

{

returncd＝NO_COMM；

}

}

if(returncd＝＝NO_COMM)

{

/*re-init?the?xmit?and?rcv?relay?to?zero?as?a?flag

that?we?don′t?have?good?parameters*/

temp_comm_parm_stru.rcvRely＝0；

temp_comm_parm_stru.xmitRelay＝0；

for(i＝0；i＜scan_stru.ptrs.xref_strup-＞ctrl.max_tries

&&?returned＝＝NO_COMM?&&(scan_ctrl.scanLevel＝＝RUN&&！scan_ctrl.pause)

；i++)

{

setpoll_retries＝i；

/*?first?try?the?spec′d?channel，then?the?other

if?no?reply*/

for(k＝0；k＜2&&(scan_ctrl.scanLevel＝＝RUN&&！

scan_ctrl.pause)；K++)

{

/*loop?through?channel?groups?of?0?and

xrefs?changroup*/

for(j＝0，cg＝0；j

<num_cg&&returncd＝＝NO_COMM；j++，cg＝((j＝＝1)？default_cg:try_cg))

{

setpoll_changegroup＝j；

for(rcv_idx＝0；rcv_idx

<NUM_RCV_IDXS&&returncd＝＝NO_COMM&&(scan_ctrl.scanLevel＝＝Run&&！

scan_ctrl.pause)；rcv_idx++)

{

n＝chan_switch_table[freq_range

(rcv_idx)][k]；

if(n＞＝0)

{

/*only?use?this?rcv_idx?if?the

mast_mask?allows?it?to?be?used?for?master?mode*/

if(releaseCodep-＞

option.mast_ph_enable?&(1＜＜rcv_idx))

{

/*set?the?relays*/

temp_comm_parm_stru.rcvRelay＝rcvtbl[rcv_idx]；

temp_comm_parm_stru.xmitRelay＝xmit_relay[rcv_idx]；

temp_comm_stru.hardware

＝0；

enabled*/ /*only?if?the?xmit?relay?is

if

(temp_comm_parm_stru.xmitRelay?！-0)

{

setpoll_rcv_idx＝

rcv_idx；

setpoll_chan＝n；

//loop?through

couplers，if?any

temp_comm_parm_stru.hardware＝0；

for(1＝8；1＞0；l＞＞＝1)

{

if(releaseCodep-＞

option.couplers_mask＝＝0||temp_comm_parm_stru.xmitRelay！＝0x8)

{

//only?loop

once?through?this?section?if?no?couplers?or?not?on?T＝＝8，set?the?coupler

mask?to?0

l＝0；

}

else?if

(releaseCodep-＞option?couplers_mask&&(releaseCodep-＞

option.couplers_mask&1)＝＝0)

{

//have

couplers，on?T＝＝8，but?this?coupler?is?not?installed-loop?to?find?the

bit?for?an?installed?coupler

continue；

}

else

{

//on?T＝＝8?and

this?coupler?is?installed，use?l?as?the?coupler?number

}

//check?for?the

need?to?change?the?channel，channel?group?or?coupler?number

if

[parmstru.channelNbr！＝n||changroup！＝cg||1！

＝temp_comm_parm_stru.hardware)

{

//set?the

coupler

parmstru.parm.comm_parm_stru.hardware＝temp_comm_parm_stru.hardware＝1；

/*change?the

channel*/

temp_com_parm_stru.channelNbr＝n；

//set?the

channel?group

changroup＝cg；

parmstru.newChannel＝temp_comm_parm_stru.channelNbr；

//signal?to

acquire?channel?or?coupler

parmstru.ctr.|＝ACQUIRE_CHANNEL；

while

((parmstru.ctrl&ACQUIRE_CHANNEL)&&(！(parmstru.ctrl&DO_BREAK))&&

(scan_ctrl.scanLevel＝＝RUN&&～lscan_ctrl.pause))

{

scanwait()；

}

}

/*remember?that?the

meter?is?locked?on?this?channel*/

temp_comm_parm_stru.channelNbr＝parmstru.channelNbr；

/*copy?the

parameters?over?to?the?parmstru*/

parmstru.parm.comm_parm_stru＝temp_comm_parm_stru；

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.command＝init_setpoll_cmd.command；

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.size＝init_setpoll_cmd.size；

/*set?the?channel

group*/

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.reg＝scan_stru.ptrs.xref_strup-＞reg8.xref_

5.changroup；

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.flag2＝1；

/*unlock?the

channel?so?that?the?meter?can?find?us?as?we?switch?channels*/

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.flag?！＝0；

parmstru.channel.masterEdgewaitTime＝SHORT_EDGEWAIT； /*set?turn

around?delay*/

good_resp＝try_plc

(1)；

returncd＝

(good_res＝＝GOOD_REPLY||good_resp＝＝GOT_STATUS)？UNLOCKED:NO_COMM；

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

}

else

{

returncd＝REINIT；

}

if(returncd＝＝STATE_COMPLETE||returncd＝＝UNLOCKED)

{

set_poll.flag＝

flag＝(short)(backTime-mess_u.hdrx-＞event.time)；

set_poll.comm_parm_stru＝

″sfap-＞comm_parm_strup＝temp_comm_parm_stru；

set_poll.pollAddress＝sfap-＞sp-＞poll_address；

if(retumcd＝＝UNLOCKED)

{

/*?no?lock?the?channel?on?this?channel*/

/*re-lock?the?channel?number?except?channel?l?on?xlow

*/

//set?up?the?command?to?lock?the?channel

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.command＝0；

if(freq_range(parmstru.parm.comm_parm_stru.rcvRelay)

＝＝PLC_PH_XLOW_FREQ&&parmstru.channelNbr＝＝0)

{

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.flag1＝0；

}

else

{

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.flag1＝1；

}

/*put?in?the?acquired?comm?parameters*/

parmstru.parm.comm_parm_stru＝*sfap-＞_comm_parm_strup；

/*set?the?channel?group*/

changroup＝default_cg；

/*signal.to?acquire?channel*/

parmstru.ctrl|＝ACQUIRE_CHANNEL；

while((parmstru.ctrl&ACQUIRE_CHANNEL)&&(！

(parmstru.ctrl&DO_Break))&&(scan_ctrl.scanLevel＝＝RUN&&！

scan_ctrl.pause))

{

scanwait()；

}

/*send?the?command?to?lock?the?chenncl?on?this?channel

*/

good_resp＝try_plc(6)；

/*meke?sure?the?meter?got?the?command?with?the?new

comm_par_stru*/

if(good_resp＝＝GOOD_REPLY||good_resp＝＝GOT_STATUS)

{

returncd＝STATE_COMPLETE；

}

else

{

/*assume?that?the?meter?is?unlocked*/

parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.flag?l＝0；

}

}

}

else

{

set_poll.flag＝

flag＝(short(mess_u.hdrpx-＞event.time-backTime-2)；

set_poll.comm_parm_strup＝zero_comm_parm_stru；

*sfap-＞comm_parm_strup＝zero_comm_parm_stru；

set_poll.pollAddress＝-1；

returncd＝NO_COMM；

}

reg8.setpoll_5.changroup＝default_cg；

reg8.setpoll_5.channel＝sfap-＞comm_parm_strup-＞channelNbr；

reg8.setpoll_5.locked＝parmstru.parm.prot.cmd.flag?l；

if(0＝＝putWord(&setpoll_messgp-＞reg8.ushorta[1]，reg8.ushorta

[1]))

{

putLBuf((unsigned?long*)(&setpoll_messgp-＞set_poll)，

(unsigned?long*)(&set_poll)_messglen(setpollstru))；

}

else

{

returncd＝REINIT；

}

}

else

{

returncd＝REINIT；

}

/*restore?master?edge?wait?time*/

parmstru.channel.masterEdgewaitTime＝masterEdgewaitTime_save；

return(returncd)；

}

SCANFN_RET?init_alignph(scanfnargs*sfap)

{

return(STATE_INITIALIZED)；

}

SCANFN_RET?alignph(scanfnargs*sfap)

{

return(STATE_COMPLETE)；

}

#define?TPP?1

SCANFN_RET?align_comm(scanfnargs*sfap)

{

return(STATE_COMPLETE)；

}

SCANFN_RET?setpoll_init_1_statestr(scanfnargs*sfap)

{

SCANFN_RET_returncd；

messu?mess_u；

sfap-＞stp-＞allowed_state_map|＝SETPOLL；

sfap-＞stp-＞requested_state_map|＝SETPOLL；

retumcd＝init_1_statestr(sfap)；

if(returcd＝＝STATE_COMPLETE)

{

mess_u＝scandatap[sfap-＞scan_slot+1][sfap-＞meter_state]；

if(mess_u.messp)

{

if(mess_u.setpolleventp-＞

setpoll_messg.set_poll.com_parm_stru.xmitRelay)

{

/*copy?over?the?communication?parameters?if?the?xmit

relay?is?set?property*/

*sfap-＞comm_parm_strup＝mess_u.setpolleventp-＞

setpoll_messg.set_poll.com_parm_stru；

}

/*if?poll?address?was?not?set?the?correct?value，set?it

again*/

if(mess_u.setpolleventp-＞

setpoll_messg.set_poll.pollAddress！＝sfap-＞sp-＞poll_address||

/*if?channel?group?was?not?set?to?the?correct?value.

set?it?again*/

mess_u.setpolleventp-＞setpoll_messg.reg8.setpoll_

5.changroup！＝scan_stru.ptrs.xref_strup-＞reg8.xref_5.changroup||

/*if?meter?was?left?unlocked，try?setpoll?again*/

！mess_u.setpolleventp-＞setpoll_messg.reg8.setpoll_

5.locked

)

{

sfap-＞stp-＞initialized_state_map&＝～SETPOLL；

sfap-＞stp-＞completed_state_map&＝～SETPOLL；

sfap-＞stp-＞requested_state_map|SETPOLL；

}

}

}

return(returncd)；

}

SCANFN_RET?alignph_init_1_statestr(scanfnargs*sfap)

{

messu?mess_u，setpoll_mess_u；

SCAN_RET?returncd；

sfap-＞stp-＞allowed_state_map|＝ALIGNPH；

sfap-＞stp-＞requested_state_map|＝ALIGNPH；

returncd＝init_1_statestr(sfap)；

if(returncd＝＝STATE_COMPLETE)

{

mess_u＝scandatap[sfap-＞scan_slot+1][sfap-＞meter_state]；

if(mess_.messp)

{

setpoll_mess_u＝scandatap[sfap-＞scan_slot+1][SETPOLL_STATE]

if(setpoll_mee-u.hdrp?&&?setpoll_mess_u.hdrp-＞

time.systemTime＞＝mess_u.hdrp-＞time.systemTime)

{

/*do?nothing?here，the?setpoll?is?later?than?the

alignment*/

/*keep?the?commparmstru?data?from?setpoll?over?the?data

from?alignment*/

}

else?if(mess_u.aligneventp-＞align_messg.align.flag＞＝0)

{

if(mess_u.alighnventp-＞align_mess.align.channelNbr

＜NUMCHANS)

{

sfap-＞comm_parm_strup-＞xmitRelay＝

mess_u.aligneventp-＞align_messg.align.xmit_relay；

sfap-＞comm_parm_strup-＞rcvRelay＝

ness_u.aligneventp-＞align_messg.align.rcv_relay；

sfap-＞comm_parm_strup-＞channelNbr＝

mess_u.aligneventp-＞align_messg.align.channelNbr；

/*make?this?state?allowed?and?initialized?and

completed?if?comple*/

/*also?the?set?poll?state*/

sfap-＞stp-＞initialized_state_map|＝ALIGHNPH；

sfap-＞stp-＞completed_state_mapl＝ALIGHNPH；

}

else

(

sfap-＞stp-＞initialized_state_map&＝～ALIGNPH；

sfap-＞stp-＞completed_state_map&map&＝-ALIGHNPH；

sfap-＞stp-＞requested_state_map|＝ALIGHNPH；

}

}

}

}

return(returncd)

}

void?setpoll_default_scan_state()

{

Xref_temp.re_[SETPOLL_STATE].interval_minutes＝1440；

Xref_temp.re_scan[SETPOLL_STATE].offset_minutes＝10；

Xref_temp.ctrl.allowed_states|＝SETPOLL；

}

void?alignph_default_scan-state()

{

Xref_temp.re_scan[ALIGNPH_STATE].interval_minutes＝1440；

Xref_temp.re_scan[ALIGNPH_STATE].offset_minutes＝10；

Xref_temp.ctrl.allowed_states|＝ALIGNPH；

}

void?alignph_warm_start()

{

scanlvls*cmdp；

cmdp＝scan_stru.cmd+ALIGNPH_STATE；

cmdp-＞do_scan＝alignph；

cmdp-＞init_scan＝init_alignph；

cmdp-＞reset_flash＝reinit_flash_alignph；

cmdp-＞rebuild_RAIC＝alignph_init_1_statestr；

copymem(16L，cmdp-＞description，″align?cornm″)；

copymem(16L，cmdp-＞control_cmd，″da″)；

/*if?Delta?is?used，connect?each?phase?to?the?previous?phase?with

aninversion*/

/*test?the?hdwr?to?see?if?the?hardware?is?there?for?that?phase，

though*/

if(releaseCodep-＞option.masterXmitDelta)

{

xmit_relay[0]＝(releaseCodep-＞option.plc_ph1)？0x15:0；

xmit_relay[1]＝(releaseCodep-＞option.plc_ph2)？0x23:0；

xmit_relay[2]＝(releaseCodcp-＞option.plc_ph3)？0x46:0；

}

else

{

xmit_relay[0]＝(releaseCodep-＞option.plc_ph1)？0x1:0；

xmit_relay[1]＝(releaseCodep-＞option.plc_ph2)？0x2:0；

xmit_relay[2]＝(releaseCodep-＞option.plc_ph3)？0x4:0；

}

/*the?fourth?phase?is?just?a?datalink?phase，not?for?connection?to

LT?power?lines*/

/*?for?MT?lines?the?coupler?is?outside?the?ST-so?it′s?like?a

datalink*/

xmit_relay[3]＝(releasecodep-＞option.plc_ph4)？0x8:0；

}

void?setpoll_warm_start()

{

scanlvls*cmdp；

cmdp＝scan_sru.cmd+SETPOLL_STATE；

cmdp-＞do_scan＝setpoll；

cmdp-＞init_scan＝init_setpoll；

cmdp-＞rebuild_RAIC＝setpoll_init_1_statestr；

cmdp-＞reset_flash＝reinit_flash_setpoll；

copymem(16L，cmdp-＞description，″set?poll″)；

copymem(16L，cmdp-＞control_cmd，″xr-p″)；

}

void?alignph_init_statestr(void)

{

scanfnargs?sfa；

sfa.meter_state＝ALIGNPH_STATE；

loop_sfap(alignph_init_1_statestr，(&sfa))；

}

void?setpoll_init_statestr(void)

{

scanfnargs?sfa；

sfa.meter_state＝SETPOLL_STATE；

loop_sfap(setpoll_init_1_statestr，(&sfa))；

}

SCANFN_RET?reinit_flash_alignph(scanfnargs*sfap)

{

messu?mess_u；

SCANFN_RET?returncd＝STATE_INCOMPLETE；

setpollmessg*setpoll_messgp；

reg8stru?reg8；

messghdr?messgHdr；

/*set?up?a?record?for?the?setpoll?event*/

messgHdr＝getMessgHdr(SCAN_DATA，messglen(setpollmessg))；

messgHdr.time.rtc＝sfap-＞sp-＞semo；

mess_u＝putNextDailyMessgHdr(&messgHdr)；

if(mess_u.messp)

{

setpoll_messgp＝&mess_u.setpolleventp-＞setpoll_messg；

reg8.ulong＝0；

reg8.gen_scan.fnIndex＝ALIGNPH_STATE；

if(0＝＝putULWord(&setpoll_messgp-＞reg8.ulong.reg8.ulong))

{

storePointers(mess_u，DAILY_EVENTS，ONLY_ONE_EVENT，NO_WAIT)；

putWord((unsigned?short?*)&mess_u.setpolleventp-＞

setpoll_messg.set_poll.flag，(unsigned?short)(-2))；

}

}

return(returncd)；

}

SCANFN_RET?reinit_flash_setpoll(scanfnargs*sfap)

{

messu?mess_u；

SCANFN_RET?returncd＝STATE_INCOMPLETE；

setpollmessg*setpoll_messgp；

setpollstru_set_poll；

messghdr?messgHdr；

/*set?up?a?record?for?the?setpoll?event*/

messgHdr＝getMessgHdr(SCAN_DATA，messglen(setpollmessg))；

messgHdr.time.rtc＝sfap-＞sp-＞serno；

mess_u＝putNextDailyMessgHdr(&messgHdr)；

if(mess_u.messp)

{

setpoll_messgp＝&mess_u.setpolleventp-＞setpoll_messg；

sfap-＞reg8.setpoll_5.fnIndex＝sfap-＞meter_state；

if(0＝＝putULWord(&setpoll_messgp-＞reg8.ulong，sfap-＞reg8.ulong))

{

set_poll.flag＝-2；

set_poll.comm_parm_stru＝zero-comm_parm_stru；

set_poll.comm_parm_stru.channelNbr＝sfap-＞reg8.setpoll_

5.channel；

set_poll.pollAddress＝0xffff；

putLBuf((unsigned?long＊)(&setpoll_messgp-＞set_poll)，

(unsigned?long＊)(&set_poll)，messglen(setpollstru))；

storePointers(mess_u，DAILY_EVENTS，ONLY_ONE_EVENT，NO_WAIT)；

}

}

return(returncd)；

}

BAUDPLL.C

/*

baud?pll?routines

version?1?created?5/24/1999?sas

version?2?modified?9/8/1999?sas

1)do?not?hang?up?in?baudpllHardwareReset?if?line?frequency?capture

not?working

2)check?max/min?on?plcbrint?to?keep?within?40?to?70?Hz?range

3)baudP11--nco?capture?is?readin?the?subsecond?to?insure?that

all?cycles?are?locked，not?just?at?1?second?boundaries

version?2.00?for?flash?2?9/8/2000?sas

version?2.01

1)fix?baudInitFlag

2)restore?integrator?to?line?frequency?if?it?goes?too?far?astray

-before?it?was?set?to?min?or?max

version?2.02?2/20/2003?sas

1)tighten?up?the?min/max?limits-they?were?way?too?loose

2)fix?baudInitFlag

*/

#include″mtrlink.def″

#include″sysclk.def″

#include″fs1004.def″

#include<math.h>

#include″baudp11.h″

#pragma?region(″data＝secondBack″)

void(*plcBaudSecondp)(void)＝plcBaudSecond；

#pragma?region(″data＝data″)

/*

N.B.！！！plcBaudHardwareReset?must?be?executed?BEFORE

mtrasampHardware?Reset

put?a?1000.0?instead?of?#?in?the?mod?file?for?this?module

*/

#pragma?region(″data+hardwareRest″)

void(*plcBaudHardwareResetp)(void)＝plcBaudHardwareReset；

#pragma?region(″data＝data″)

/*global?plc?baudrate?generator?integrator-64?bits*/

phaccum?plcbrlnt；

unsigned?char?baudInit?Counter.baudInitFlag；

/*loop?constan*/

#define?KCS(-565L)

#define?KHS(-10794L)

/*number?of?seconds?after?jamming?frequency?control?word?before?baud?is

considered?init′d*/

#define?INIT_INIT_COUNTER?40

#define?BAUD_NCO_UPPER?0xF0000000

#define?BAUD_NCO_LOWER?0x10000000

const?unsigned?longKcs＝-KCS；

const?unsigned?long?Khs＝-KHS；

void?setMaxMin(void)；

unsigned?long?max_plcbrint.min_plcbrint；

/*timer?between?initiatization?and?sanity?checks*/

#define?BAUD_PLL_TIMER?240

unsigned?int?baudpl?l_timer；

void?plcBaudSubsecond(void)

{

}

void?plcBaudSecond(void)

{

/*

routine?to?do?the?baud?calculation?in?assembly?language?plcbrint?is

a

phaccum＜defined?in?flash_8K.def＞64?bit?unsigned?int?NCOread?is?a

32bit

signed?long.We?take?its?absolute?value?and?remember?the?sign?for

later

Khs?and?Kcs?areunsigned?longs?plcbrfcw?is?an?unsigned?long?result

to?put

into?the?fs?1004.plc.baudrate(Lo?then?Hi?in?parts)

The?calculation?is?as?follows

sign＝0；

if(NCOread＜0)

{

sign＝1；

NCOread＝NCOread；

}

if(sign)

{

plcbrint+＝NCOread*Kcs；

temp_phaccum＝plcbrint；

temp_phaccum+＝NCOread*Khs；

plcbrfcw＝temp_phaccum.high；

}

else

{

plcbrint-＝NCOread*Kcs；

temp_phaccum＝plcbrlnt；

temp_phaccum-＝NCOread*Khs；

plcbrfcw＝temp_phaccum.high；

}

*/

unsigned?long?plcbrfcw；

long?NCOread；

int?sign；

phaccum?temp_phaccum，

*temp_phaccump＝&temp_phaccum，

*plcbrintp＝&plcbrint；

long?tempRead；

unsigned?long?D2save；

NCO?read＝fs?1004.plc.baudrateNCO；

if(NCOread＜0)

{

sign＝1；

tempRead＝-NCO?read；

}

else

{

sign＝0；

tempRead＝NCOread；

}

/*add?when?sign?negative?because?KCS?and?KHS?are?negative*/

if(sign)

{

temp_phsccum＝plcbrint；

/*plcbrint+＝NCO?read*Kes；*/

asm(

″MOVE.L {temp_phaccump}，A0 ″，

″MOVE.L {Kcs}，D0 ″，

″MOVE.L {tempRead}，D1 ″，

″MOVE.L D2，{D2save} ″，

#include ″multa64.def″

″MOVE.L {D2save}，D2 ″

)；

plcbrint＝temp_phaccum；

/*temp_phaccum+＝NCOreads*Khs；*/

asm(

″MOVE.L {temp_phaccump?}，A0 ″，

″MOVE.L {Kcs}，D0 ″，

″MOVE.L {tempRead}，D1 ″，

″MOVE.L D2，{D2save?} ″，

#include ″multa64.def″

″MOVE.L {D2save}，D2 ″

)；

}

else

{

temp_phaccum＝plcbrint；

/*plcbrint-＝NCOread*Kcs；*/

asm(

″MOVE.L {temp_phaccump]，A0 ″，

″MOVE.L {Kcs}，D0 ″，

″MOVE.L {tempRead}，D1 ″，

″MOVE.L D2，{D2save} ″，

#include ″multa64.def″

″MOVE.L {D2save}，D2 ″

)；

plcbrint＝temp_phaccum；

/*temp_phaccum-＝NCOread*Khs；*/

asm(

″MOVE.L {temp_phaccump}A0 ″，

″MOVE.L {Kcs}，D0 ″，

″MOVE.L {tempRead}，D1 ″，

″MOVE.L D2，{D2save} ″，

#include ″multa64.def″

″MOVE.L {D2save}.D2 ″

)；

}

plcbrfcw＝temp_phaccum.high；

/*every?BAUD_PLL_TIMER?seconds?reset?Max/min?plcbrint?and?check

integrator?for?sanity*/

if(++baudp11_timer＞BAUD_PLL_TIMER)

{

baudp11_timer＝0；

set?MaxMin()；

if(plcbrfcw＜min_plcbrint||plcbrfcw＞ma_plcbrint)

{

*/fix?integrator-it?went?astray*/

*/calculate?and?set?the?initial?value?of?the?integrator

based?upon?lineFrequency?measured?by?mtrsamp*/

plcbrint.high＝(unsigned?long)(1?dexp(lineFrequency*

(fs1004.plc.baudratePrescale+1)/SYSTEM_CLOCK，34))；

plcbrint.low＝0；

plcbrfcw＝plcbrint.high；

baudInitCounter＝INIT_BAUD_INIT_COUNTER；

baudInltFlag＝FALSE:

}

}

fs1004.plc.baudrateLo＝(unsigned?short)(plcbrfcw)；

fs1004.plc.baudrateHi＝(unsigned?char)(plcbrfcw＞＞16)；

if(baudInitCounter＞0)

{

baudInitCounter--；

}

else?if(baudInitFlag＝＝FALSE)

{

baudInitFlag＝TRUE；

}

}

void?setMaxMin(void)

{

max_plcbrint＝(unsigned?long)(ldexp(lineFrequency*1.005*

(fs1004.plc.baudratePrescale+1)/SYSTEM_CLOCK，34))；

min_plcbrint＝(unsigned?long)(l?dexp(lineFequency*0.995*

(fs1004.plc.baudratePrescale+1)/SYSTEM_CLOCK，34))；

}

void?plcBaudHardwareReset(void)

{

unsigned?longrtc1，rtc2；

unsigned?long?plcbrfcw；

/*inttimeout；*/

fs1004.plc.baudratePrescale＝23； /*divide?by?prescale+

1*/

/*calculate?and?set?the?initial?value?of?the?integrator?based?upon

lineFrequency?measure?by?mtrsamp*/

plcbrint.high＝(unsigned?long)(Idexp(lineFrequency*

(fs1004.plc.baudratePrescale+1)/SYSTEM_CLOCK，34))；

plcbrint.low＝0

plcbrfcw＝plcbrint.high；

baudInitCounter＝INIT_BAUD_INIT_COUNTER；

baudInitFlag＝FALSE；

setMaxMin()；

/*clear?the?baudrate?NCO*/

fs1004.plc.baudrateNCO＝0L；

rtc1＝rtc2＝RTC；

/*wait?for?powerline?zero?crossing*/

while(！fs1004.power.captureDone&&((rtc2-rtc1)&RTC_MASK)＜3)

{

rtc2＝RTC；

}

/*initialize?the?baudrate?NCO?at?the?zero?crossing?to?achieve

initial?phase?lock*/

/*the?NCO?starts?onlya?fter?a?byte?is?written?to?baudrateHi*/

fs1004.plc.baudrateLo＝(unsigned?short)((plcbrfcw)&0xFFFF)；

fs1004.plc.baudrateHi＝(unsigned?char)((plcbrfcw)＞＞16)；

fs1004.power.captureDone＝0；

baudp11_timer＝0；

}

BAUDPLL.H

/*

version?2.00?for?flash?29/8/2000?sas

*/

void?plcBaudSecond(void)；

void?plcBaudHardwareReset(void)；

void?plcBaudSusecond(void)；

Claims (1)

1. system comprises:

Master data clock source;

One or more transponders; And

A plurality of remote power line transceivers;

Wherein, described a plurality of remote transceiver all is connected in public AC distribution plate; And,

Wherein, each in described a plurality of remote transceiver all has the position, and can operate so that voltage waveform dominant in described position, power line is monitored.

Images