CN101495420A - Compounds and methods for treating fly ash - Google Patents

Compounds and methods for treating fly ash Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101495420A
CN101495420A CNA2007800026654A CN200780002665A CN101495420A CN 101495420 A CN101495420 A CN 101495420A CN A2007800026654 A CNA2007800026654 A CN A2007800026654A CN 200780002665 A CN200780002665 A CN 200780002665A CN 101495420 A CN101495420 A CN 101495420A
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China
Prior art keywords
compound
flyash
described compound
apg
triglyceride
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Granted
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CNA2007800026654A
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CN101495420B (en
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毛涧桦
詹姆斯·H·欧文
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Cognis IP Management GmbH
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Cognis IP Management GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
    • C04B18/08—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/02—Treatment
    • C04B20/023—Chemical treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1018—Coating or impregnating with organic materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/10—Compositions or ingredients thereof characterised by the absence or the very low content of a specific material
    • C04B2111/1087—Carbon free or very low carbon content fly ashes; Fly ashes treated to reduce their carbon content or the effect thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/10—Compositions or ingredients thereof characterised by the absence or the very low content of a specific material
    • C04B2111/1087—Carbon free or very low carbon content fly ashes; Fly ashes treated to reduce their carbon content or the effect thereof
    • C04B2111/1093—Reducing the effect of the carbon content, without removing the carbon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S106/00—Compositions: coating or plastic
    • Y10S106/01—Fly ash

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a compound for treating fly ash, including a(n) amphoteric, alkyl polyglycoside, ester, derivative of triglyceride, fatty alcohol, alkoxylated fatty alcohol, alkoxylated polyhydric alcohol, and mixtures thereof, wherein the treated fly ash is incorporated into a cement admixture, and is effective in blocking absorptive carbon. The invention also provides a method for treating fly ash in a cementitious mixture including treating with each of the abovementioned compound or their mixture. The invention also provides a method for reducing the amount of Portland cement in a cementitious mixture including substituting up to forty percent by total weight of the cement in a mixture with an equal amount of fly ash treated according to the abovementioned method.

Description

Handle the compound and the method for flyash
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
According to 35U.S.C. § 120, the application requires right of priority to the patent application of U.S. Provisional Application 60/760, No. 784 (2006.1.20 submission), and whole disclosures of this application are incorporated herein for referencial use.
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to concrete additive, more specifically relate to the compound, composition and the method that are used for handling the used flyash of cement admixture.
Background technology
Building and construction application need the high portland cement of a large amount of prices to the ever-increasing demand of concrete.To make the required portland cement amount of concrete in order reducing, to need alternative compounds and composition.
Flyash is produced by burning fine coal in the coal firing boiler.Flyash is a kind of finely powdered particulate material, and it is carried away in stack gas, and can or comprise that the mechanical type collector of cyclonic separator collects from gas with electrostatic precipitator.Flyash is handled at the waste residue landfill yard usually.
Flyash can be used as portland cement adulterant (admixture), and can be used as the component of Portland-volcanic ash mixed cement.When flyash was used for concrete, it should have enough pozzolanic reactions, and should have consistent character (consistent quality).Be present in the aggregate in the Portland water and the mixture of binding agent, for instance, improved intensity, supporting capacity and the weather resistance of structure.Have the flyash that coagulates hard or self-adhesive characteristic, the useful as concrete additive, and can substitute the required cement of part formation concrete.Except cost saving, add flyash and also improved concrete characteristic, for example, reduce rate of permeation, improve workability.
In order to be used for portland cement concrete, flyash must satisfy the requirement of ASTM (American society for testing materials) ASTMC-618, comprising N, F and C grade.The F level, for example, carbon content is 4.8% to 12%.
The chemical and physical properties of flyash is subjected to the chemical and physical properties of institute's burning coal and the influence of used working method.These characteristics also are subjected to the influence of various combustion methods and relevant various boiler efficiencies.
Four types of coal is hard coal, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal and brown coal.The main component of flyash is determined with loss on ignition (LOI).LOI is retained in measuring of unburned carbon in the flyash, and it shows the suitability that is used as the cement substitute in the concrete.Usually, if LOI greater than 6%, therefore then flyash does not meet the ASTM standard, can not be used for concrete.For example, do not meet the flyash that state out of the ordinary freight department is used for concrete requirement (usually corresponding to ASTM C-618 or AASHTO 295), be considered to " waiting outer (off-grade) ", because carbon surpasses, for example, Ohio, the Kentucky State, the maximum LOI value 3% that allows in Indiana State.The flyash that (power station in new Richmond, Ohio city) obtains from the Beckjord power house is an example of the outer flyash such as grade with regard to concrete product.Its dependent variable comprises that fineness and mutability are to cause concrete flyash not meet some other factor that ASTM or U.S. interstate highway transportation association (American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials) (AASHTO) require.
Air entrainment is that concrete is resisted freezing in hydraulic cement composition such as mortar, masonry cement (masonry) and concrete and weather resistance factor thaw condition.Therefore, concerning the long-time weather resistance of concrete or mortar, the existence of air entrainment is noticeable.The feature of air entrainment (entrained air) is the spherical space that is dispersed in basically in the grout, the feature of entrapped air (entrapped air) then is some holes in irregular shape, their general size are inconsistent, but greater than the space of " being mingled with " air.Be present in carbon in the flyash (and etc. the high-carbon content in the outer flyash) may the adsorption surface promoting agent or concrete make in used " air entrainment " adulterant, thereby make tensio-active agent or adulterant can not be used for predetermined purpose, and also reduce the air entrainment in the cement admixture.Air entrainment process when the residual carbon in the ash content also may disturb concrete to form.
Exist flyash that multiple advantage is arranged in cement admixture or the concrete, comprise reducing and handle flyash, thereby protect national resource with the waste residue landfill method; Expense is lower than other additives; And reduction concrete rate of permeation of hardened and contraction.Because have that dry shrinkage is little, hydration heat reduces, water reduces, alkali-silica reactive low, and the resistibility of sulphate attack increased these advantages, so other advantages comprise weather resistance and long-time intensity increase.In addition, because bleeding (bleeding) reduces and fractional condensation (segregation) reduces, flowability improves and whole processing characteristics (finishing characteristic) improves, so workability also improves to some extent.In addition, owing to substituted a part of cement, carbonic acid gas has also reduced.
The compound, composition and the method that are used to handle the used flyash of cement composition all still need.
Summary of the invention
In brief, according to one aspect of the present invention, the compound that processing flyash is used is selected from amphoteric substance, APG, ester, triglyceride derivative, Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), alkoxy fatty alcohols, alkoxylated polyol, and composition thereof, wherein treated and when mixing in the cement admixture (cementadmixture) when flyash, the flyash after the processing can effectively stop absorbefacient carbon (absorptive carbon).
According to another aspect of the present invention, the method for handling flyash in the cement admixture comprises with the compound that is selected from amphoteric substance, APG, ester, triglyceride derivative, Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), alkoxy fatty alcohols, alkoxylated polyol and composition thereof to be handled flyash.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the method that reduces Portland cement amount in the cement admixture comprises and will use the equivalent coal ash instead up to 40% of portland cement gross weight in the cement admixture, the described flyash compound treatment mistake that is selected from amphoteric substance, APG, ester, triglyceride derivative, Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), alkoxy fatty alcohols, alkoxylated polyol and composition thereof.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
According to one aspect of the present invention, the compound that processing flyash is used is selected from amphoteric substance, APG, ester, triglyceride derivative, Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), alkoxy fatty alcohols, alkoxylated polyol, and composition thereof, wherein treated and when mixing cement admixture when flyash, the flyash after the processing can effectively stop absorptivity carbon.This compound can be amphoteric substance, and may be trimethyl-glycine.This compound can be APG (alkyl polyglycoside), and may be C 8-C 18APG or C 8-C 12APG.This compound can be ester, and may be triglyceride level.Triglyceride level may contain the alkyl chain of 4-22 carbon, perhaps contains the alkyl chain of 14-18 carbon.Triglyceride level can be the oil that is selected from rape seed oil, soybean oil, Oleum Cocois, Yatall MA and composition thereof.This compound can be triglyceride derivative, and can be alkoxylated triglyceride or ethoxylated triglycerides.This compound can be Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18).This compound can be alkoxy fatty alcohols.This compound can be alkoxylated polyol.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the method for handling flyash in the cement admixture comprises with the compound that is selected from amphoteric substance, APG, ester, triglyceride derivative, Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), alkoxy fatty alcohols, alkoxylated polyol and composition thereof to be handled flyash.This flyash such as can be at outer flyash.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the method that reduces Portland cement amount in the cement admixture comprises and will use the equivalent coal ash instead up to 40% of portland cement gross weight in the cement admixture that described flyash is with the compound treatment mistake that is selected from amphoteric substance, APG, ester, triglyceride derivative, Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), alkoxy fatty alcohols, alkoxylated polyol and composition thereof.
Term used herein " comprise (comprises, comprising, includes, including) ", " have (has, having) " or its any other variant (variation), all be to be used for containing the inclusion of not getting rid of.For instance, comprise manufacture method, method, goods or the device of listed key element, needn't only limit to those key elements, and can comprise the key element that other are not clearly listed or be these manufacture method, method, goods or device institute inherent key element.In addition, unless clear and definite opposite explanation, term " perhaps " refers to " perhaps " of inclusive, rather than " perhaps " of removing property.For instance, any situation: A was real (or existence) and B is false (or not existing) below the situation of A or B satisfied; A is that false (or not existing) and B are real (or existence); And A and B are real (or existence).
Term used herein " a kind of (a or an) " is intended to describe key element of the present invention and component.Do so only for convenience and provide and generally understand of the present invention.Herein, this description should be understood to comprise a kind of or at least a, unless and opposite explanation is arranged, odd number also comprises plural number.
Advantageously, the applicant finds, with outer flyash such as compound of the present invention or compositions-treated, has improved the air in the cement admixture to be mingled with, and can be used to substitute needed portland cement amount in a part of concrete application.According to one aspect of the present invention, compound and composition that processing flyash is used include, but are not limited to: amphoteric substance, APG, ester, triglyceride derivative, Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), alkoxy fatty alcohols, alkoxylated polyol, and composition thereof.Use described compound, composition and method to handle flyash herein, eliminated that the anti-air of existing residual carbon is mingled with effect in the flyash, and compound and composition do not increase the air entrainment effect separately.
The amphoteric substance that is suitable for includes, but not limited to DEHYTON K.DEHYTON K is a cocamidopropyl betaine, can buy from German Cognis Deutschland company.Other suitable amphoteric substances also can use; comprising but be not limited to; N-alkyl-the N that contains 8 to 18 carbon atoms in alkyl or the acyl group; N-N-methylsarcosine ammonium such as cocounut oil alkyl dimethyl glycine ammonium, N-acyl amino propyl group-N; N-N-methylsarcosine ammonium such as cocoyl aminopropyl N-methylsarcosine ammonium and 2-alkyl-3-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyethyl tetrahydroglyoxaline, and cocoyl-amino-ethyl hydroxyethyl-carboxymethyl glycinate such as DEHYTON AB 30 coco betaine (CAS#68424-94-2).
Suitable APG includes, but not limited to AGNIQUE PG 8107.AGNIQUE PG8107 is that the polymerization degree (D.P.) is 1.7 C 8-C 10Alkyl polyglucoside can be buied from German CognisDeutschland or U.S. Cognis Corporation.Other suitable APG also can be used to handle flyash, comprising AGNIQUE PG 8105 (C 8-C 10APG, the polymerization degree (D.P.) is 1.5), AGNIQUE 9116 (C 9-C 11APG, D.P.=1.6), AGNIQUE PG264 (C 12-C 16APG, D.P.=1.4), all these can be buied from German Cognis Deutschland or U.S. Cognis Corporation.
Suitable ester includes, but not limited to Cognis-34072.Cognis-34072 is a triglyceride level, can be obtained by natural or synthetic source.Alkyl chain in the triglyceride level can contain 4～22 carbon atoms.Suitable triglyceride level also may comprise vegetables oil, comprising but be not limited to, rape seed oil, soybean oil, Oleum Cocois, Yatall MA, and composition thereof.Other suitable esters include, but not limited to ester of monohydroxy-alcohol and polyvalent alcohol and straight or branched lipid acid and composition thereof.Lipid acid includes, but not limited to have in the alkyl chain straight chain and the branched chain fatty acid of 4～22 carbon, and composition thereof.Monohydroxy-alcohol includes, but not limited to methyl alcohol, ethanol, butanols, propyl alcohol, Virahol, isopropylcarbinol, the trimethyl carbinol, and composition thereof.Polyvalent alcohol includes, but not limited to ethylene glycol, glycol ether, triglycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1, and ammediol, 1,4-butyleneglycol, glycerine, polyoxyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, sorbyl alcohol, and composition thereof.The ester of polyvalent alcohol includes, but not limited to full ester and partial ester.The partial ester of polyvalent alcohol includes, but not limited to XU 61518.10, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl monostearate, single Tegin ISO, and composition thereof.
Suitable triglyceride derivative includes, but not limited to alkoxylated triglyceride, comprising ethoxylated triglycerides.Extent of alkoxylation is that this oxirane is selected from oxyethane, propylene oxide, butylene oxide ring and combination thereof within the scope of every 0～200 mole of at least a oxirane of mole of glycerin three esters (alkylene oxide).Suitable ethoxylated triglycerides comprises, but be not limited to AGNIQUESBO-5, AGNIQUE SBO-10, AGNIQlIE SBO-20, AGNIQUE CSO-16, AGNIQUE CSO-25, AGNIQUE RSO-5, AGNIQUE RSO-10 and AGNIQUERSO-30.
Suitable Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) includes, but not limited to Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) or its mixture that alkyl chain contains 6～22 carbon.Alkyl chain can be straight chain or side chain, and perhaps straight chain and side chain have both at the same time.Suitable Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) comprises C 8Alcohol (LOROL C8-98 originates in Cognis Corporation), C 8-10Alcohol (LOROLC8-10SPV originates in Cognis Corporation), perhaps C 12-14Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) (LOROL C12-14A originates in Cognis Corporation), perhaps isooctadecanol.
Suitable alkoxy fatty alcohols includes, but not limited to Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) or its mixture that alkyl chain contains 6～22 carbon.This Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) can every mol of alcohol by 0～200 mole of at least a oxirane alkoxylate, this oxirane is selected from oxyethane, propylene oxide, butylene oxide ring and combination thereof.For instance, the every mol of alcohol of the alkoxy fatty alcohols of Shi Yonging can contain average about 5 moles of oxyethyl groups (ethoxylate).Perhaps, Shi Yi alkoxy fatty alcohols includes, but not limited on average have the C of 5 moles of ethylene oxide 6-12The pure and mild C that 5 moles of ethylene oxide are on average arranged 16-18Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18).
Suitable alkoxylate multi-alcohol comprises, but be not limited to, ethylene glycol, glycol ether, triglycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, 1, ammediol, 1,4-butyleneglycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, glycerine and two (4-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)-2,2-propane.Polyvalent alcohol can be, but be not limited to dibasic alcohol, trivalent alcohol, tetravalent alcohol and pentavalent alcohol.
The every mol of alcohol of polyvalent alcohol can be by 0～200 mole of at least a oxirane alkoxylate, and this oxirane is selected from oxyethane, propylene oxide, butylene oxide ring and combination thereof.For instance, the alkoxylated polyol that is suitable for, every mol of alcohol can contain average about 15 moles of oxyethyl groups (ethoxylate) and about 60 moles of propoxy-(propoxylate).Should be understood that when pure alkoxyization and when comprising at least 5 moles of EO, the distribution range of oxyethyl group will be at 0 mole of EO, average 5 moles of EO and at the most between 10～14 moles of EO.
Above-claimed cpd can use separately, perhaps uses with mixture (composition) form.According to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of mixture by APG and amphoteric substance is provided, its ratio is 0.1% to 0.5%, and even 0.1% to 1.0%.According to another aspect of the present invention, triglyceride level is mixed with sodium lauryl sulphate or alkoxy fatty alcohols.
According to the present invention, the suitable proportion of flyash and portland cement can be 5: 95 to 25: 75.Other suitable ratios comprise 20: 80 and 15: 85.Be that according to the regulations of most of freight departments (DOT) in many states, maximum cement substitutes amount and is limited to 20: 80 at present with being to be understood that.Though must not surpass 20: 80 ratio at present, might expand in the future, depend on the DOT regulations in state out of the ordinary certainly.Therefore, according to one aspect of the present invention, the maximum coal ash instead ratio upper limit will be preferably 40: 60.
Unless otherwise indicated, all scientific and technical terminologies used herein, its implication is identical with the general implication of understanding of technician in the affiliated field of the present invention.Though, similar or be equivalent to described method and material herein and all can be used to practice or advance copy invention, following suitable method and material spy are given explanation.If conflict is arranged, then be as the criterion with this specification sheets (comprising each definition).In addition, each material, method and embodiment are only illustrative, are not to be intended to limit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Among the embodiment, prepared concrete mix below with common commercial run.In each embodiment, 18.9 pounds of portland cements, 3.3 pounds of flyash (crossing or untreated with agent treated), 48.1. pound sand, 59.3 pounds of gravels, 9.9ml air are mingled with the water reducer (POZZOLITH 200N) that agent (MICRO-AIR) and 26ml can buy from the Master Builders (branch office of DeGussa) that is positioned at joslyn hi-voltage, and about 9.5 pounds of water mix in concrete mixer.It should be understood that concrete mix can make in other suitable mixing tanks, perhaps mix by hand.
After the concrete mix preparation finishes, measure air content, slump and other characteristics.Air content is measured according to ASTM C-231, and slump is measured according to ASTM C-143.
The flyash that is untreated that is used for each embodiment is to wait outer flyash.The direct flyash that is untreated that uses, when being used for substituting about 10 to 1 15 (10～15%) portland cement, this per-cent is as the criterion in the original gross weight of portland cement, will form the concrete mix that is mingled with less than (3%) 3 percent low air.
Flyash is done following processing: under the temperature between 15 ℃～100 ℃, with 0.1 ounce of ratio of per 20 pounds of flyash, the flyash that is untreated is mixed in continuous mixers (inline mixer) with The compounds of this invention to 2.0 ounces of The compounds of this invention.Among each embodiment, temperature range is between 30 ℃～75 ℃.It should be understood that used mixing device and method can change, and be not limited to described apparatus and method herein, because skilled skilled worker knows.Do not consider used apparatus and method, compound should be distributed in the flyash equably.Perhaps, compound can add in the above-mentioned concrete mix that comprises the flyash that is untreated subsequently.
As under tabulate shown in 1, measure by the method for ASTM C-231, replace the concrete mix of 1 ten five (15%) portland cement gained with outer flyash such as untreated grade, its air entrainment value is less than (2%) 2 percent.In table 1, flyash was handled with compound before being added to cement admixture.
Table 1
Compound Usage ratio, ounce/20 pounds As a result, air % in the concrete
Be untreated 0 ounce/20 pounds ＜2％
DEHYTON K (AGNIQUE AMP) 2 ounces/20 pounds 1 ounce/20 pounds 13％ 11％
AGNIQUE PG 8107(Agrimul PG) 1/2 ounce/20 pounds 5％
Cognis-34072, triglyceride level 0.22 ounce/20 pounds 4.5％
Cognis-34072, triglyceride level 0.56 ounce/20 pounds 5.25％
Just as shown in table 1, the flyash of handling with The compounds of this invention has significantly improved the air in the cement admixture and has been mingled with.
Embodiment 2
Prepare concrete mix among embodiment 2a～2c with following composition:
Source amount volume, cubic feet
Cement (pound) I type portland cement 18.89 0.10
Flyash (pound) various 3.33 0.02
Coarse aggregate (pound) #57LS 64.45 0.40
Fine aggregate (pound) Hilltop GR 43.81 0.26
Water (pound) 10.00 0.16
Air (%) 6.0 0.06
Water reducer (milliliter) MB Pozz 200N 26.3
Air is mingled with agent (milliliter) MB Micro Air 6.6
Amount to 140.5 1.00
Under the situation of making the normal portland cement mixture, all flyash in the above-mentioned prescription all substitute with equivalent I type portland cement.
The method for preparing concrete mix:
Above-mentioned each component is added on the limit, and mix in concrete mixer on the limit:
Water, coarse aggregate, water reducer, fine aggregate, the air of 1/2 amount are mingled with agent, flyash, cement, remainder water (1/2).Mixture was mixed about 3 minutes, cover (covered), and it is left standstill.Again mixture was mixed 2 minutes, and from stirrer, draw off.
Handle the method for flyash with treatment agent:
Treatment agent can be mixed with any method habitual in this technical field with flyash, so that effectively treatment agent is distributed on the flyash surface.Described method includes, but not limited to various types of mechanical type stirrers, and provides mixed uniformly additive method with liquid and powder.
Embodiment 2a:
Fly-ash Preparation concrete sample with a kind of source.In the present embodiment, handle flyash, compared different treatment agents with this with above-mentioned treatment agent.In each case, degree of treatment be treatment agent to the weight percent of flyash is 0.14%.Make two Lot samples accept above-mentioned processing, and analyzed slump (ASTM C143), air content (ASTM C231), 28 days compressive strengths (ASTM C39) and microscope air void and analyzed (ASTM C457), except the following situation: (1) handles flyash without treatment agent in 341-U and 342-U; (2) in 345-U and 346-U, omit flyash and treatment agent; (3) in 357-P and 358-P, handle portland cement with treatment agent; And (4) add treatment agent with the adulterant form to concrete mix in 343-P and 344-P, but be not to be used for anticipating flyash.The result can see Table 2.
Table 2
According to the result in the table 2, flyash must be anticipated to come into force with the mixture of The compounds of this invention or The compounds of this invention respectively.Otherwise, if these materials for example add in the concrete mix, perhaps be applied on the portland cement, then can not stop adsorptivity carbon.For instance, as shown in table 2, NP-9 (327 and 328) does not separately produce required air structure (observing low surface area, low space occurrence rate and the high gap factor (spacing factor)), but the mixture of SBO-10 and SLS (333 and 334) or NP-9 (335 and 336) then effectively stops adsorptivity carbon, and forms good air structure.Can MB Micro Air (353 and 354) and the standard air buied of oleic acid (337 and 338) be mingled with agent, not as The compounds of this invention and mixture effective like that.
Also observe, with regard to ethoxylated triglycerides, ethoxylation degree is big more, then air content per-cent big more (351-P), (352-P), (339-P), (340-P), (325-P) and (326-P).Equally, concerning same amount EO, short chain alcohol (329-P and 330-P) produces than long-chain alcohol (323-P and 324-P) and more manys air.Concerning Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), (331-P) with (332-P) to (347-P and 363-P), also observe trend about this alkyl chain length and air content.In addition, the EO/PO block polymer of polyvalent alcohol (349-P and 350-P) also effectively stops adsorptivity carbon.
Embodiment 2b:
Use above-mentioned mixed type and method, with the fly-ash Preparation of 6 kinds of different sourcess concrete sample.In every pair of sample, one prepares with the flyash of handling, and the untreated flyash of usefulness prepares.Treatment agent in the present embodiment is ethoxylated triglycerides, POE (10) soybean oil, and treatment process as mentioned above.Degree of treatment is a treatment agent to the weight percent of flyash is 0.14%.Concrete sample is dropped into cylinder, and carry out the air void analytical test by ASTM C457.These analytical resultss are recorded in the table 3.
Table 3
Figure A20078000266500141
According to the data in the table 3, can believe that less air filled cavity structure and improved gap style help the concrete performance of air entrainment and quality (improved freezing-melting properties).Handle with ethoxylated triglycerides, provide, (1) on an average, the flyash of processing forms less air bubble (space＞1mm is lower) than the flyash that is untreated; (2) on an average, the higher air void surface-area of the formation of processing; And (3) on an average, and bubble draws closer together.(2) and (3) trend of all representing less number of bubbles to increase.
Embodiment 2c:
Use the flyash in same source, prepare concrete sample by the mixed type of listing above.With the fly-ash Preparation of handling through soybean oil 12 samples, and 12 samples of having used the fly-ash Preparation handled through the ethoxylation soybean oil.Adopt two kinds of degree of treatments.These samples are carried out the slump test, measure air content and 7 days compressive strengths and 28 days compressive strengths (mean values of two same samples).According to the air content and the compressive strength data of gained, derive the formula that concerns between air % content and the compressive strength.Then, with this formula all compressive strengths are standardized into numerical value under the 6% air content condition.Then, to the compressive strength mean value behind each treatment agent calculation correction.Outcome record is in table 4.
Table 4
Figure A20078000266500151
*Because not adding air is mingled with agent, so omit these numerical value from mean value.
According to the result in the table 4, handle with triglyceride level or ethoxylated triglycerides, produce similar compressive strength result (when being standardized into constant air content).Two kinds of treatment agents all effectively stop the interference of carbon to air entrainment.If do not add the air entrainment agent, then obtain the few mixture of air content (171-P).
Triglyceride level and ethoxylated triglycerides have suppressed the interference of carbon to AE.When regulating air per-cent, manage throughout between the agent, compressive strength does not have difference.
With reference to each specific implementations, the present invention is described.Yet those skilled in the art know, can carry out various improvement and variation and do not depart from the scope of the invention illustrated in claims.For instance, alkoxylated triglyceride and alkoxylated fatty acid are discussed as and can be used to handle flyash.In addition, the suitable alkoxylated fatty acid that can be used to handle flyash can include, but are not limited to AGNIQUE FAC 181-6 (oleic acid of 6 moles of ethoxylations).
Wait outer flyash although each embodiment has adopted, according to the present invention, other other flyash of level also can be suitable for handling.Therefore, it is exemplary that above-mentioned explanation should be regarded as, rather than restrictive, and all these change and all to assert and be included in the scope of the present invention.
The technical scheme of benefit, other advantages and realization goal of the invention has been described with regard to embodiment above.May produce any benefit, advantage, perhaps expect technical scheme, perhaps become more significant those benefits, advantage, realization goal of the invention technical scheme and any key element all must not be interpreted as critical, that require or the basic feature or the key element of any claim or all authority requirement.

Claims (20)

1. be used to handle the compound of flyash, this compound is selected from: amphoteric substance, APG, ester, triglyceride derivative, Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), alkoxy fatty alcohols, alkoxylated polyol, and composition thereof, wherein treated and when mixing in the cement admixture when flyash, the flyash after the processing effectively stops absorptivity carbon.
2. the described compound of claim 1, wherein said compound is an amphoteric substance.
3. the described compound of claim 2, wherein said amphoteric substance is a trimethyl-glycine.
4. the described compound of claim 1, wherein said compound is an APG.
5. the described compound of claim 4, wherein said APG is C 8-C 18APG.
6. the described compound of claim 4, wherein said APG is C 8-C 12APG.
7. the described compound of claim 1, wherein said compound is an ester.
8. the described compound of claim 7, wherein said ester is a triglyceride level.
9. the described compound of claim 8, wherein said triglyceride level contains the alkyl chain of 4～22 carbon.
10. the described compound of claim 8, wherein said triglyceride level contains the alkyl chain of 14～18 carbon.
11. the described compound of claim 8, wherein said triglyceride level are the oil that is selected from rape seed oil, soybean oil, Oleum Cocois, Yatall MA and composition thereof.
12. the described compound of claim 1, wherein said compound is a triglyceride derivative.
13. the described compound of claim 12, wherein said triglyceride derivative is an alkoxylated triglyceride.
14. the described compound of claim 12, wherein said triglyceride derivative is an ethoxylated triglycerides.
15. the described compound of claim 1, wherein said compound is a Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18).
16. the described compound of claim 1, wherein said compound is an alkoxy fatty alcohols.
17. the described compound of claim 1, wherein said compound is an alkoxylated polyol.
18. the method for flyash in the processing cement admixture, this method comprise the following steps: with the compound treatment flyash that is selected from amphoteric substance, APG, ester, triglyceride derivative, Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), alkoxy fatty alcohols, alkoxylated polyol and composition thereof.
19. the described method of claim 18, wherein said flyash are to wait outer flyash.
20. the method for Portland cement amount in the minimizing cement admixture, this method comprises the following steps: and will use the equivalent coal ash instead up to 40% of portland cement gross weight in the cement admixture, the described flyash compound treatment mistake that is selected from amphoteric substance, APG, ester, triglyceride derivative, Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), alkoxy fatty alcohols, alkoxylated polyol and composition thereof.
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