CN101493527A - Technique and system to cancel noise in measurements provided by sensors of a multi-component streamer - Google Patents
Technique and system to cancel noise in measurements provided by sensors of a multi-component streamer Download PDFInfo
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- CN101493527A CN101493527A CNA200810185208XA CN200810185208A CN101493527A CN 101493527 A CN101493527 A CN 101493527A CN A200810185208X A CNA200810185208X A CN A200810185208XA CN 200810185208 A CN200810185208 A CN 200810185208A CN 101493527 A CN101493527 A CN 101493527A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a technology and a system for eliminating noise in a measuring value provided by a sensor of a multi-component towrope, discloses a method and a system for eliminating noise in acoustic data, wherein the method including a step of determining a displacement of the acoustic sensor when dragging. The measuring value obtained by the acoustic sensor is compensated based on the determined displacement of the acoustic sensor so as to remove the noise from the measuring value.
Description
The application requires to be all " Technique and System to Cancel Noise in Measurements Providedby Sensors of a Multi-component Streamer " common unsettled U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/015 by the title that same inventor submitted on Dec 19th, 2007,017 live application day early.
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to the technology and the system of the noise of the measured value that sensor provided that is used for eliminating the multicompartment towing cable.
Background technology
Seismic survey relates to the underground tectonic structure (geological formation) of exploration so that exploration hydrocarbon deposit (hydrocarbon deposit).Exploration is usually directed to dispose in the precalculated position one or more seismic origins and seismic sensor.The source generates seismic event, and it propagates in the tectonic structure, causes that along its path pressure changes and vibration.Architectonic elastic property changes the scattering seismic event, changes its direction of propagation and other character.The portion of energy of being launched by the source arrives seismic sensor.Some seismic sensor changes responsive (nautical receiving set (hydrophone)) to pressure, other seismic sensor is to particle movement (particle motion) responsive (for example seismoreceiver (geophone)), and industrial exploration can only be disposed one type sensor or be disposed this two kinds of sensors simultaneously.In response to detected seismic events, sensor generates electric signal to produce geological data.Then, to the analysis of geological data can indicate hydrocarbon deposit possible position existence or do not exist.
Some exploration is called as " ocean " exploration, because they carry out in marine environment.But " ocean " exploration not only can be carried out in salt water environment, also can carry out in fresh water and brackish water.In one type marine surveys, so-called " traction array " exploration, traction comprises the towing cable (streamer) of seismic sensor and the array in source in the exploration vessel back.
Specific marine surveys can relate to sound (that is pressure) and the particle motion sensors on one or more towing cables of waterborne vessel back.Trailed cable strum, thus pressure surge caused, and this pressure surge can be registered as noise in the pressure measuring value that sonic transducer obtained.This vibration also can be introduced noise in the measured value that the particle sensor is obtained.Vibration noise can reduce the quality of pressure measuring value and particle movement measured value significantly.
Thereby, exist from the measured value that trailed seismic sensor obtained, removing the needs of vibration noise always.
Summary of the invention
In one embodiment of the invention, a kind of technology comprises the displacement of determining sonic transducer when traction.The measured value that comes compensation sensor to obtain based on determined sensor displacement, thus from measured value, remove noise.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a kind of system comprises interface ﹠ processor.Interface receives first data and second data, and wherein first data are indicated the measured value that sonic transducer is obtained when traction, the displacement of the second data indication sensor.Processor is based on second data processing, first data, thereby removes noise from measured value.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a kind of technology comprise acquisition when traction by low frequency pressure measuring value that sonic transducer obtained.Noise in second measured value that the low frequency measurement value is used to estimate to be obtained by particle motion sensors when traction makes that second measured value is compensated, thereby is removed to the small part noise.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a kind of system comprises interface ﹠ processor.Interface receives first data and second data, and wherein by the low frequency pressure measuring value that sonic transducer obtained, second data are indicated second measured value that is obtained by particle motion sensors to the indication of first data when traction.Processor is based on first data processing, second data, estimating the noise in second measured value, and removes noise at least in part from second measured value.
Advantage of the present invention and further feature will become more obvious from following accompanying drawing, description and claim.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that marine seismic data according to an embodiment of the invention obtains system.
Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are the process flow diagrams of describing to be used for according to an embodiment of the invention removing from the measured value that sonic transducer when drawing is obtained the technology of vibration noise.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of explanation seismic sensor according to an embodiment of the invention along the placement of towing cable.
Fig. 6 is a process flow diagram of describing to remove according to an embodiment of the invention the technology of low-frequency noise from acceleration measuring value (accelerometer measurement).
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of earthquake data processing system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 has described the embodiment 10 of the system that obtains according to the marine seismic data of some embodiment of the present invention.In system 10, exploration vessel 20 draws one or more earthquake towed cables 30 (two exemplary towing cables 30 have been shown among Fig. 1) in exploration vessel 20 back.Earthquake towed cable 30 can be thousands of rice long, and can comprise various support cable (not shown) and distribution (wiring) and/or the circuit (not shown) that can be used for supporting along the communication of towing cable 30.
Each earthquake towed cable 30 comprises the seismic sensor that writes down seismic signal.According to some embodiment of the present invention, seismic sensor is a multicompartment seismic sensor 58, wherein each sensor 58 can both the detected pressures wave field and with near or be positioned at least one component of the particle movement that the acoustical signal at multicompartment seismic sensor 58 places is associated.The example of particle movement comprises one or more components of particle displacement, one or more components of particle velocity (inline (straight cutting) component (x), crossline (cross-track) component (y), vertical component (z) (for example axle 59)), and one or more components of particle acceleration.
Depend on specific embodiment of the present invention, multicompartment seismic sensor 58 can comprise one or more nautical receiving sets, seismoreceiver, particle displacement sensor, particle velocity sensors, accelerometer, pressure gradient sensor or its combination.
For example, according to some embodiment of the present invention, specific multicompartment seismic sensor 58 can comprise that the sonic transducer that is used for gaging pressure and being used to such as nautical receiving set 55 measures the accelerometer 50 near three perpendicular array of three respective orthogonal components of the particle velocity of seismic sensor 58 and/or acceleration.Notice that multicompartment seismic sensor 58 can be implemented as individual equipment (as shown in Figure 1) or can be implemented as a plurality of equipment, depends on specific embodiment of the present invention.
Marine seismic data obtains system 10 and comprises one or more seismic origins 40 (exemplary source 40 has been shown among Fig. 1), such as air gun (air gun) etc.In certain embodiments of the present invention, the seismic origin 40 can be coupled or be drawn by exploration vessel 20.Replacedly, in other embodiments of the invention, the seismic origin 40 can be independent of exploration vessel 20 and work, because source 40 can be couple to for example other ship or buoy.
Because at exploration vessel 20 back traction earthquake towed cable 30, acoustical signal 42 (exemplary acoustical signal 42 shown in Fig. 1)---be commonly called " emission (shot) "---is produced by the seismic origin 40, and guided downwardly enters stratum 62 and 68 under the water-bed surface 24 by water column 44.Acoustical signal 42 is from various subsurface geological structures, and---all representative configuration as shown in Figure 1 65---is reflected.
The incident sound signal 42 that source 40 is obtained produces corresponding reflected sound signal or pressure wave 60, and this reflected sound signal or pressure wave 60 are by multicompartment seismic sensor 58 sensings.Note, receive and the pressure wave of sensing propagates into " up " pressure wave of sensor 58 and by pressure wave 60 " descending " pressure wave that reflection produced from air water surface border 31 with comprising no reflection events by multicompartment seismic sensor 58.
Multicompartment seismic sensor 58 generates the signal (for example digital signal) that is called as " trace (trace) ", the measured value to pressure wave field and particle movement that its indication is obtained.According to some embodiment of the present invention, trace is recorded and can be handled by the signal processing unit 23 of configuration on exploration vessel 20 at least in part.For example, specific multicompartment seismic sensor 58 can provide trace, and it is corresponding to the measured value of 55 pairs of pressure wave fields of nautical receiving set by it; And sensor 58 can provide one or more traces, and it is corresponding to one or more components of the particle movement of being measured by its accelerometer 50.
The target that earthquake is known is to set up the image of survey area, to be used to discern subsurface geological structure, such as exemplary geology structure 65.Analysis subsequently to image can disclose the possible position of hydrocarbon deposit in subsurface geological structure.Depend on specific embodiment of the present invention, can on seismic vessel 20, carry out the analysis part of image, such as carrying out by signal processing unit 23.According to other embodiments of the invention, image can be handled by the earthquake data processing system (all exemplary earthquake data handling systems 320 as shown in Figure 7 will be further described this below) that may for example be positioned on land or the ship 20.Thereby, have many variations, and described variation is all in the scope of appended claim.
Descending pressure wave causes in the art the interference that is called as " mirage (ghost) ".Depend on the incident angle of upstream wave field and the degree of depth of towing cable 30, the interference between the uplink and downlink wave field causes zero point (null) or depression (notch) in the spectrum that is write down.It is wide and can be limited in the dark relatively water possibility of (for example surpassing 20 meters water that (m) is dark) traction towing cable 30 that these depressions can reduce useful bands of a spectrum.
The technology that the wave field that is write down is resolved into upstream components and downlink component is commonly called wave field separation (wave field separation) or " going mirage (deghosting) ".The particle movement data that provided by multicompartment seismic sensor 58 allow recovery not have the data of " mirage ", this means the data of indication upstream wave field.
Trailed cable strum, and these vibrations cause pressure surge, and the sonic transducer (for example, nautical receiving set) that this pressure surge is positioned on the towing cable is regarded noise as.Though wish to have as far as possible little vibration, be difficult to build vibrationless towing cable.Vibration can be caused by various mechanism, for example vortex shedding (vortex shedding), fluid-structure interaction instability (fluid-structure interaction instability), ripple, or the like.
According to embodiments of the invention as described herein,, from the measured value that sonic transducer obtained, remove or eliminate vibration noise based on the displacement of sonic transducer during obtaining measured value.
With reference to figure 2, according to some embodiment of the present invention, a kind of technology is shown more specifically, comprise the displacement of definite (piece 104) sonic transducer, that is, and the sensor displacement during traction when obtaining the particular measurement value.According to piece 108, determine the vibration of sensor based on determined displacement then.According to piece 112, based on determined vibration, compensation measurement is so that remove vibration noise from measured value then.
As a more specific example, according to some embodiment of the present invention, the displacement of sonic transducer can be by being determined by the measured value to the motion of sonic transducer of pressing close to that the sensor accelerometer placed obtained.More specifically, Fig. 3 has described the part according to the exemplary towing cable 30 of certain embodiments of the invention.Towing cable 30 comprises nautical receiving set 55 and accelerometer 50, and wherein the group formed of two or three accelerometers 50 is placed near each nautical receiving set 55.In certain embodiments of the present invention, each accelerometer in the group obtains the measured value along the acceleration of one of three main shafts (that is, the inline axle (x) shown in Fig. 1, crossline axle (y) and vertical (z) axle 59).The acceleration measurement that accelerometer 50 is obtained can be integrated to derive the displacement of nautical receiving set 55.
Based on the displacement of determined nautical receiving set 55, can calculate the hydrostatic force fluctuation (hydrostatic pressure fluctuation) on the nautical receiving set 55.For example, for nautical receiving set 55 motion vertically, can calculate corresponding pressure surge according to following formula:
p
Fluctuation=ρ gh, equation 1
Wherein, " P
Fluctuation" represent the hydrostatic force fluctuation on the nautical receiving set 55 that is calculated, " ρ " represents water-mass density, and " g " represents gravity constant, and " h " represents nautical receiving set displacement peak to peak amplitude in vertical direction.Can from the signal that nautical receiving set obtains, deduct and the corresponding signal of pressure surge then, thereby from the nautical receiving set signal, remove vibration noise.Can estimate and compensate with similar mode along the caused vibration noise of moving of other main shaft.
Thereby with reference to figure 4, according to some embodiment of the present invention, technology 150 comprises according to piece 154, obtains measured value to the motion (for example, the motion of nautical receiving set) of sonic transducer from being positioned near the sonic transducer particle motion sensors (for example, accelerometer).According to piece 158, utilize the displacement of the measured value of motion being determined sonic transducer then.According to piece 162, can determine the vibration noise that is associated with sonic transducer based on determined displacement, use it for the pressure measuring value that obtains from sonic transducer then and remove vibration noise.
Can expect other vibration in appended claim scope.For example, according to other embodiments of the invention, can monitor the sense of rotation of each sonic transducer by being placed on tiltmeter (inclinometer) in the towing cable 30.Based on the data that tiltmeter provided, know the sense of rotation of each sonic transducer 55; Thereby these measured values provide the change of the height and position of each sonic transducer 55.Thereby, direct Displacement Measurement, and can determine corresponding pressure surge according to top equation 1.
Change as another kind, the displacement of the sonic transducer that is caused by the dynamic pressure (fluctuating dynamic pressure) of fluctuation can utilize model or transition function to estimate.In this respect, with reference to figure 5, technology 180 according to an embodiment of the invention comprises the motion modeling of sonic transducer (piece 184) is the function of dynamic pressure.According to piece 188, determine vibration noise based on this model.
More particularly, can calculate and experiment, set up dynamic pressure and the acceleration of nautical receiving set and the semiempirical database or the transition function of velocity correlation connection fluctuation based on fluid-structure interaction.This function can compensate by in vertical, level, vertically and the noise that causes of the vibration on the sense of rotation.
According to other embodiments of the invention,, the sonic transducer measured value is used to compensate the particle movement measured value with that the particle motion sensors measured value is used to compensate the sonic transducer measured value is different.More particularly, according to embodiments of the invention, can be used for from the acceleration measuring value, removing low-frequency noise by the measured value that sonic transducer obtained.When the DC of measured acceleration component provides the orientation (orientation) of accelerometer, this particular importance.If can not accurately be measured with the directed corresponding rotation angle of accelerometer, then after the particle movement measured value was transformed totally (global) coordinate system, its fidelity (fidelity) will reduce.
Therefore, according to embodiments of the invention, can be used for estimating by particle motion sensors by the measured low frequency pressure surge of sonic transducer---such as accelerometer---low-frequency noise of being obtained.Notice that because the existence of receiver and source mirage depression, the pressure measuring value that sonic transducer obtained is not indicated the seismic signal of the very low frequency that is reflected.Therefore, owing in pressure measuring value, lack the seismic signal of the low frequency that is reflected, can directly obtain low frequency pressure and change based on pressure measuring value.After having measured hydrostatic force fluctuation, but estimated acceleration signal and from the measured value of accelerometer, deduct this acceleration signal, and wherein this acceleration signal is corresponding to the noise of introducing owing to the low frequency pressure surge in the acceleration measuring value.Thereby such correction compensates the additive noise of the very low frequency that occurs on acceleration measurement.
The U.S. Patent application No.11/683 that is called " TECHNIQUE AND SYSTEM TOCANCEL NOISE FROM MEASUREMENTS OBTAINED FROM AMULTI-COMPONENT STREAMER " that submits on March 8th, 2007, disclose a kind of technology of estimating the noise in the particle movement measured value based on the estimating noise in pressure measuring value among 873 (the attorney docket No.14.0334), this application all is included in this for your guidance.
Fig. 6 has described technology 200, and according to embodiments of the invention, this technology can be used for removing or eliminating low-frequency noise from the particle movement measured value.According to technology 200, obtain low frequency measurement value by sonic transducer obtained according to piece 204.According to piece 208, estimate the hydrostatic force fluctuation based on this measured value.Shown in piece 212,, estimate the low-frequency noise that in accelerometer signal, exists based on estimated hydrostatic force fluctuation.
With reference to figure 7, according to some embodiment of the present invention, earthquake data processing system 320 can be carried out disclosed herein being used for from the technology of pressure measuring value and/or particle movement measured value removal noise.According to some embodiment of the present invention, system 320 can comprise processor 350, such as one or more microprocessors and/or microcontroller.Depend on specific embodiment of the present invention, processor 350 can be positioned at (Fig. 1) on the towing cable 30, is positioned on the ship 20, perhaps is positioned at land treatment facility place (as an example).
As an example, interface 360 can be USB serial bus interface, network interface, removable medium (such as flash card, CD-ROM etc.) interface and magnetic storage interface (for example IDE or scsi interface).Thereby interface 360 can adopt many forms, and this depends on specific embodiment of the present invention.
According to some embodiment of the present invention, interface 360 can be coupled to the storer 340 of earthquake data processing system 320, and stores indicated technology that relates to 100,150,180 of reference marker for example 348 and/or 200 various data sets.Storer 340 program storages instruction 344, it can make processor 350 carry out one or more technology disclosed herein when being carried out by processor 350, such as technology 100,150,180 and/or 200 etc.
According to some embodiment of the present invention, system 320 comprises display 352, with the result who shows or monitoring obtains by technology disclosed herein, such as particle movement measured value and/or the pressure measuring value with removed noise after handling.
Though the embodiment according to limited quantity has described the present invention, those skilled in the art will understand by it and a large amount of modifications and variations of coming after benefiting from the present invention.Be intended to make appended claim to cover all these and be in essence of the present invention and the interior modifications and variations of scope.
Claims (15)
1. method that is used for the noise of removal sound data comprises:
Determine the displacement of trailed sonic transducer; And
Based on determined displacement, compensation by measured value that sonic transducer obtained from described measured value, to remove vibration noise.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein said noise comprises:
The noise that the hydrostatic force fluctuation that is caused by the vibration with the cable of described sensor is produced.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein saidly determine that the step of described displacement comprises:
Determine the acceleration of described sensor.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, the step of wherein said definite described acceleration comprises:
At least one accelerometer from be included in towing cable obtains at least one measured value, and wherein said towing cable also comprises described sonic transducer.
5. the method for claim 1, wherein said compensation process comprises:
Based on the described noise of described determined Displacement Estimation.
6. the method for claim 1, wherein saidly determine that the step of described displacement comprises:
At least one tiltmeter from the described towing cable that comprises described sonic transducer obtains at least one measured value; And
Determine described displacement based on described at least one measured value.
7. the method for claim 1, wherein saidly determine that the step of described displacement comprises:
The displacement that makes described sonic transducer and the dynamic pressure model that is mutually related is provided.
8. method that is used for the noise of removal sound data comprises:
The low frequency pressure measuring value that acquisition is obtained by sonic transducer when traction; And
Based on described low frequency pressure measuring value, the noise in second measured value of estimating when traction, to obtain by particle motion sensors, and compensate described second measured value to remove described noise at least in part.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, wherein said low frequency pressure measuring value do not comprise any basic acoustical signal that seismic reflection produced that is caused by the mirage depression.
10. method as claimed in claim 8, wherein said particle motion sensors comprises accelerometer.
11. method as claimed in claim 8, wherein said compensation process comprises:
Estimate described low-frequency noise based on described low frequency pressure measuring value.
12. a system that is used for the noise of removal sound data comprises:
Interface is used to receive first data and second data, the measured value that wherein said first data indication is obtained by sonic transducer when traction, and described second data are indicated the displacement of described sensor; And
Processor is used for based on described first data of described second data processing, to remove vibration noise from measured value as in the described method of claim 1-11.
13. system as claimed in claim 12 also comprises:
The towing cable that comprises described sonic transducer.
14. system as claimed in claim 13, wherein said processor is arranged in described towing cable.
15. system as claimed in claim 13 also comprises:
Be used to draw the exploration vessel of described towing cable,
Wherein said processor is positioned on the described exploration vessel.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US1501707P | 2007-12-19 | 2007-12-19 | |
| US61/015,017 | 2007-12-19 | ||
| US12/193,034 | 2008-08-17 |
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| CN101493527A true CN101493527A (en) | 2009-07-29 |
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| CNA200810185208XA Pending CN101493527A (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2008-12-18 | Technique and system to cancel noise in measurements provided by sensors of a multi-component streamer |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103123397A (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2013-05-29 | 格科科技有限公司 | Processing multi-component seismic data |
| CN114059602A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-02-18 | 西南交通大学 | Anchor cable prestress nondestructive detection system and detection method |
-
2008
- 2008-12-18 CN CNA200810185208XA patent/CN101493527A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103123397A (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2013-05-29 | 格科科技有限公司 | Processing multi-component seismic data |
| CN114059602A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-02-18 | 西南交通大学 | Anchor cable prestress nondestructive detection system and detection method |
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Application publication date: 20090729 |