CN101493365B - Method for measuring elastic-strip pressure and apparatus - Google Patents
Method for measuring elastic-strip pressure and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101493365B CN101493365B CN200910079419XA CN200910079419A CN101493365B CN 101493365 B CN101493365 B CN 101493365B CN 200910079419X A CN200910079419X A CN 200910079419XA CN 200910079419 A CN200910079419 A CN 200910079419A CN 101493365 B CN101493365 B CN 101493365B
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Abstract
The invention provides a measuring method of spring bar fastener pressure. The method comprises the following steps: (1) applying an upward load to a spring bar which comprises a toe end acting on a steel rail; (2) measuring a load-displacement relation curve of the load applied on the spring bar while the spring bar move upwards; (3) determining a discontinuity point with a reducing slope coefficient in the load-displacement relation curve as an inflexion point; and (4) determining the load at the inflexion point as the spring bar fastener pressure. The invention further provides a measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of assay method and measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure of elastic-strip pressure.
Background technology
Rail track is withheld rail with spring and is fixed on the sleeper at present.For guaranteeing traffic safety, need to measure the buckle press that spring is withheld rail.Measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure needs to promote spring in measuring the buckle press process, and the load that spring is subjected to when just breaking away from Insulation rail distance keeper fully is that spring is withheld the buckle press on rail.
A kind of determinator of III type elastic-strip pressure is proposed in " spring III type fastener supply of material technical conditions " that Tiedaobu Transportation Bureau formulates, wherein adopt hydraulic jack to load, four Clamping Apparatus of Connecting Rod clamp spring, when throwing off Insulation rail distance keeper fully and just in time can fill in gap between spring and the Insulation rail distance keeper, obtain buckle press by reading the dynamometry meter reading with the clearance gauge of 0.1mm etc. manual loading to spring.This determinator need determine whether spring leaves Insulation rail distance keeper with clearance gauge, thereby whether the buckle press of judging spring is transferred on the determinator fully; And that spring can not leave Insulation rail distance keeper is too many, in order to avoid that the buckle press that this determinator measures surpasses actual buckle press is too many.Thereby this needs operating personnel to adjust repeatedly in the mensuration process, so the time of measuring is longer, on average needs about 5 minutes.And because serious patience and the skilled operation degree that relies on operating personnel of this determinator, and clearance gauge also can introduce error, and therefore the measurement result with this determinator has bigger error, causes accuracy and consistance lower.
China's utility model 02221914.5 and 02221915.3 has proposed hoisting type railway spring secures rail to sleeper buckle press measuring instrument and lever railway spring secures rail to sleeper buckle press measuring instrument respectively, its know-why is by a mechanical force application apparatus spring secures rail to sleeper to be promoted to specified altitude assignment, and record buckle press by the electronics dynamometer, wherein this specified altitude assignment is determined with signs such as predefined scales.Owing to the reasons such as different and environment of spring secures rail to sleeper size and installation site, it is very big to the measured buckle press error of preassigned height that spring secures rail to sleeper is lifted in employing, causes the uncertainty of measurement result.
This shows that it is longer that the apparatus and method that proposed in the prior art have minute, the shortcoming that the measurement result accuracy is low.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, task of the present invention is the assay method that proposes a kind of elastic-strip pressure, and it is long that this method can overcome in the prior art Measuring Time, the shortcoming that measurement result accuracy is low.
According to task of the present invention, the assay method of elastic-strip pressure of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) spring is applied load upwards, described spring comprises the toe-end that acts on the rail;
(2) in spring moves upward process, measure the load-displacement relation curve that is applied on the spring;
(3) determine that catastrophe point that the slope in described load-displacement relation curve diminishes is as flex point;
(4) determine that the load at described flex point place is as elastic-strip pressure.
The applicant finds to have the catastrophe point (flex point) that slope diminishes in the load-displacement relation curve of spring, in the load of this some place spring accurately corresponding to the buckle press of spring.
Particularly advantageously, described load is applied to the toe-end of described spring.
According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pulling force of described load for making progress.
According to further aspect of the present invention, the slope variation rate at least 50% of described catastrophe point.
More preferably, the slope variation rate of described catastrophe point is about 75%.
The initial value that is applied to the described load of spring is the characteristic specified value according to spring.
The invention allows for a kind of measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure of the method according to this invention, it is fast that this device has Measuring Time, the advantage that measurement result is objective and accurate.
A kind of measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure, it comprises:
Clamp the clamp device of spring;
By the force application apparatus of described clamp device to the spring imposed load; With
Be used to support the bearing of described force application apparatus;
It is characterized in that, also comprise the measuring and calculating device of the load-displacement relation curve that is used to measure spring, and comprise the flex point decision maker with described measuring and calculating device electric connection.
In one embodiment, this flex point decision maker can show described load-displacement relation curve, thereby the operator can obtain elastic-strip pressure visibly by shown load-displacement curve vision.
In a preferred embodiment, this flex point decision maker can determine that the catastrophe point that the slope in described load-displacement relation curve diminishes is applied to the load of spring as elastic-strip pressure as flex point and definite described flex point place.
According to embodiments of the invention, described clamp device is a four-bar mechanism, and described force application apparatus is a hydraulically operated equipment (HOE).
In order to make this measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure reduce human intervention, and make the lifting of spring more steady, comprise drive motor in the described hydraulically operated equipment (HOE).
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described measuring and calculating device comprises load measurement unit and displacement measurement unit.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, described load measurement unit comprises force transducer, pressure transducer or other load-sensing unit.
According to one embodiment of the invention, described displacement measurement unit comprises displacement transducer.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, described displacement measurement unit comprises and rectilinear motion is converted into the throw-over gear that rotatablely moves and will rotates gear mechanism that revolution amplifies and the induction installation of measuring revolution.
Description of drawings
Below, describe embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is an embodiment according to measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the working state figure of the embodiment among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the load-displacement relation curve of the spring that measures in experiment of the embodiment among Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the embodiment according to the displacement measurement unit of measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below will be described embodiments of the invention, these are described just explanation of the present invention rather than qualification.
With reference now to Fig. 1,, wherein shows one embodiment of the present invention.In this embodiment, measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure totally illustrates with mark 100.This measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure 100 comprises the clamp device that clamps spring.In the present embodiment, clamp device is four Clamping Apparatus of Connecting Rod 1, is understandable that other clamp device that also can adopt those skilled in the art to know.
In this embodiment, force application apparatus is a hydraulically operated equipment (HOE).This hydraulically operated equipment (HOE) comprises piston 2, valve piece 3, hydraulic cylinder 4, fuel tank 8 and hydraulic pump 9 and drive motor 11.In addition, for after the buckle press measurement at spring finishes, described anchor clamps 1 can unclamp spring makes it reply initial position, in hydraulically operated equipment (HOE) unloader 6 can be set.The working method of these each parts of hydraulically operated equipment (HOE) and order will describe in detail hereinafter.The mode that present embodiment adopts drive motor to drive makes that the load that applies to spring is steady.As an alternative, also can adopt other type of drive and device well known by persons skilled in the art, for example the hydraulic jack of manual loading or lever lifting device etc.
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, this measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure 100 comprises first bearing 12 and second bearing 13 that is used to support force application apparatus.Described first bearing 12 is positioned on the sleeper, and described second bearing 13 is placed on the rail face, thereby supports force application apparatus.Be appreciated that and adopt other polytype one or more bearings to support described force application apparatus.
In this embodiment, the measuring and calculating device of measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure 100 has comprised displacement measurement unit 5 (Fig. 1 is not shown) and load measurement unit 7 and the single-chip microcomputer 10 on the piston 2 that is installed in hydraulically operated equipment (HOE).Displacement measurement unit 5 is used to measure the parameter relevant with the spring displacement.As a kind of selection, the displacement measurement unit can be a displacement transducer, and this displacement transducer can be installed on the device of piston 2 or other and 1 interlock of four Clamping Apparatus of Connecting Rod or directly be installed on described four Clamping Apparatus of Connecting Rod 1.Fig. 4 shows a kind of preferred displacement transducer unit 5, will describe in detail hereinafter.Equally, the load measurement unit 7 of spring can have various ways, for example pressure transducer, force transducer or other load-sensing unit.Wherein, the pulling force that is used for measured material 1 can be installed in load measurement unit 7, promptly is applied to the load on the spring.Certainly, load measurement unit 7 also can measure other with the suffered relevant parameter of load of spring.Especially, the working method of the pressure transducer shown in Fig. 2 will describe in detail hereinafter.The measuring and calculating device comprises that also single-chip microcomputer is used for the load-displacement relation curve that provides spring according to the spring load that measures and displacement.Be understandable that the measuring and calculating device can be that known to those skilled in the art other can provide the device of the load-displacement relation curve of spring.
In preferred embodiment shown in Figure 1, the flex point decision maker of described measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure 100 comprises single-chip microcomputer 10, and the part (single-chip microcomputer) of this flex point decision maker and above-mentioned measuring and calculating device integrates, and this single-chip microcomputer 10 and displacement and load measurement unit 5 and 7 electric connections.Single-chip microcomputer 10 can substitute with for example DSP, PC etc. or the known device of other those skilled in the art.Thereby can be electronically judge catastrophe point that slope diminishes as flex point, and determine that load at this flex point place spring is as elastic-strip pressure from load-displacement relation curve of spring.Certainly, the flex point decision maker also can be the device that is provided with separately and with measuring and calculating device electric connection, this expects easily.
In another embodiment, described flex point decision maker can comprise display device.This display device can show the load-displacement curve of spring, thereby operating personnel can vision determine slope diminishes in the curve catastrophe point visibly as flex point, and can determine that from curve the spring load of flex point is the elastic-strip pressure value.Certainly, the flex point decision maker can automatically judge flex point and determine that the elastic-strip pressure value shows in described display device, and described display device showed or do not show the load-displacement curve of spring alternatively this moment.
Turn to Fig. 2 now, will describe the working method of the preferred embodiment of this measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure in detail.When opening measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure mensuration elastic-strip pressure, the hydraulic pump 9 that drive motor 11 drives in the fuel tank 8, this hydraulic pump 9 sucks hydraulic oil from fuel tank 8, and these hydraulic oil are supplied to hydraulic cylinder 4 by valve piece 3, and drive piston 2 in this hydraulic cylinder 4, thereby upwards promote four Clamping Apparatus of Connecting Rod 1.Make the anchor clamps 1 that clamped spring apply pulling force upwards to spring.This anchor clamps 1 are preferred to be clamped by Insulation rail distance keeper 21 and acts on spring toe-end 20 on the rail 22.Certainly, anchor clamps 1 also can clamp the other parts of spring.But it is particularly advantageous clamping toe-end 20, because spring only acts on the rail 22 by toe-end 20, has reflected that spring acts on the buckle press on the rail so the displacement at toe-end 20 places equals the move upward displacement of leaving rail and the load at this place of spring.By driving hydraulic pump with drive motor, can be so that the lifting of spring be very steady, and reduced the factor of human intervention.In the process that spring is pulled upwardly, the displacement of measuring pistons 2 by the displacement measurement apparatus 5 that is installed on the piston, and then acquisition and spring to the relevant parameter of top offset.And measure the liquid pressure that passes through valve piece 3 in real time by the pressure transducer that is installed on the valve piece 3, this liquid pressure is the parameter that becomes the fixed proportion relation with spring load.This proportionate relationship can be demarcated in advance, for example is the value that valve piece area multiply by fixing coefficient.Pressure transducer can provide desired measuring accuracy, and the load that will obtain spring only needs liquid towards pressure simply to convert, and compares with force transducer and to save cost more.Thereby displacement that is obtained and pressure parameter are sent to the load-displacement relation curve that obtains spring in the single-chip microcomputer 10.Determine slope diminishes in this relation curve catastrophe point as flex point with this single-chip microcomputer 10 flex point decision maker that is one, and the pressure at flex point place converted in proportion obtain the load of spring, be i.e. the buckle press of spring.Alternatively, described single-chip microcomputer can send to the buckle press of spring on the display device (not shown) and show.Determine after the flex point that can unclamp unloader, the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder flows back to fuel tank by the valve piece, make piston 2 positions reply, thereby make spring homing and anchor clamps 1 unclamp this spring.Preferably, can determine automatically, obtain after flex point place spring load is elastic-strip pressure, send instruction and make the unloader off-load with the flex point decision maker.As an alternative, also can unclamp unloader by operating personnel's manual operation after definite flex point.So far, finished measurement to this elastic-strip pressure.
Be used in the buckle press of measuring spring in the experiment by the embodiment to Fig. 1, the load of an III type spring-the displacement relation curve as shown in Figure 3 in experiment.From load-displacement curve of Fig. 3 as can be seen, in curve, have the catastrophe point that a slope diminishes, be called flex point in the present invention.At this flex point place promptly is when spring is thrown off Insulation rail distance keeper fully, and then the spring load value at this flex point place is the buckle press of spring.This is because move upward and the toe-end of spring 20 does not break away from the stage A of Insulation rail distance keeper 21 at piston 2, the spring toe-end is subjected to the anchorage force of Insulation rail distance keeper and drawing in order to make this measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure reduce human intervention of four Clamping Apparatus of Connecting Rod 1, and make the force action of the more flat power of lifting of spring, and move upward and be separated from the stage B of this Insulation rail distance keeper 21 at the spring toe-end, spring only is subjected to the effect of the pulling force of four Clamping Apparatus of Connecting Rod.In stage A, the spring toe-end has experienced the transfer process that changes the pulling force that is subjected to four Clamping Apparatus of Connecting Rod from the anchorage force that applied by Insulation rail distance keeper gradually into, because (being approximately equal to the displacements that transmission link produced such as four connecting rods) lacked in the required displacement of this transfer process very much, so in load-displacement relation curve, the slope ratio of stage A is bigger.And in stage B, spring only is subjected to the effect of the pulling force of four Clamping Apparatus of Connecting Rod, and its load-displacement curve is the elastic deformation curve of spring, and its slope ratio is less.Owing in the process that the spring toe-end is pulled up, do not have plastic yield, so in stage A and B, linear variation is all distinguished in the load-displacement of spring.In sum, locate the flex point that slope diminishes to occur at the transit point (being the moment that spring is just thrown off Insulation rail distance keeper fully) of two straight lines.In general, the rate of change of slope k is more than at least 50%.Among Fig. 3, the flex point both sides are obvious linear relationship and stage A slope and are about 4 times of stage B slope, and promptly the rate of change of slope k is about 75%.Therefore the flex point in this load-displacement relation curve is very significant.Therefore, the flex point decision maker can adopt multiple mode to determine flex point.For example, the flex point decision maker can show whole piece load-displacement relation curve, thereby self is determined flex point or determined flex point and elastic-strip pressure visibly by operator's vision by this decision maker.In addition, decision maker can adopt the method for difference, and the slope of assumed (specified) load-displacement in real time when the variation of slope meets the requirements, promptly shows to have arrived flex point.
Fig. 3 measures III type elastic-strip pressure under experiment condition, but should note, in actual measurement, because be subjected to the influence of surrounding environment and the difference of clamp device, the load of spring-displacement relation curve might not be the straight line of desirable band flex point at stage A and B, but, still can have the catastrophe point that slope diminishes between stage A and the B according to the characteristic that spring is withheld.Therefore, can carry out for example processing of mathematical method such as interpolation or match, to determine the catastrophe point (flex point) that slope diminishes and to be used for determining elastic-strip pressure to the spring load of acquisition and the correlation parameter of displacement.
Displacement described in Fig. 3 is not the precise displacement that spring makes progress strictly speaking, because be subjected to the influence of the precision of Insulation rail distance keeper, four connecting rods and distortion etc. in the process of imposed load, but the measuring accuracy of displacement is not influenced the realization of inventive concept.Relation curve shown in Figure 3 shows that the load that spring is applied is started from scratch and applies and increase gradually, but be understandable that also the characteristic that can withhold according to spring is non-vanishing and begin to apply and increase gradually less than the load of the elastic-strip pressure (load at flex point place) of nominal with size, thereby obtain the load-displacement relation curve of spring, and by showing this relation curve or determining that automatically flex point obtains elastic-strip pressure.Can realize the mensuration faster of elastic-strip pressure like this.Therefore, it will be appreciated that the catastrophe point (flex point) that slope diminishes in load-displacement relation curve of determining spring all belongs to spiritual scope of the present invention with the method and apparatus of measuring elastic-strip pressure.
Turn to Fig. 4 now, it shows a kind of preferred displacement measurement unit 5.This displacement measurement unit 5 comprises tooth bar 51, gear 52, gear case 53, output wheel 54 and tongue tube 55.As mentioned above, this displacement measurement unit is connected with piston.Tooth bar 51 moves upward and moves upward along with piston.Gear 52 and these tooth bar 51 engagements, thus the rectilinear motion of tooth bar is converted to rotation.Gear 52 is input to rotation in the gear case 53 then, amplifies described rotation through gear case 53 and outputs to output wheel 54.And thereby tongue tube 55 can obtain the real-time displacement that piston makes progress, the displacement of spring just by the revolution of measuring the output wheel 54 that wherein has the magnet (not shown).This displacement measurement unit 5 can be provided with return mechanism, and example spring 56 and block 57 as shown in Figure 4 is used for making piston make tooth bar 51 homings when replying initial position in the hydraulically operated equipment (HOE) release.This displacement measurement unit 5 can satisfy the accuracy requirement of spring displacement, and the saving cost of comparing with known displacement transducer.
So far, a kind of measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure and method have been described.Can clearly learn from above description, the present invention only need apply power upwards up to definite corner position and flex point place spring load to spring to the mensuration of elastic-strip pressure, and do not need as the raising height that may need to adjust repeatedly spring in the prior art (in " spring III type fastener supply of material technical conditions "), therefore method Measuring Time of the present invention is very short.Adopt device of the present invention in experiment, to measure elastic-strip pressure and on average only need 12s.According to shown in Figure 3 and described above, can learn that flex point place spring load promptly equals elastic-strip pressure, so the present invention can obtain accurate elastic-strip pressure value.And if adopt the method for clearance gauge owing to will make spring be lifted away from the Insulation rail distance keeper certain distance to fill in clearance gauge, this itself will cause bigger measuring error.And owing to be lifted away from the uncertainty of distance, the measuring error scope is also uncertain.Method of the present invention is load-displacement relation point of inflexion on a curve of having utilized reflection spring self-characteristic, rather than utilizes the described hoisting depth (as practicality novel 02221914.5 and 02221915.3) of demarcating in advance of prior art.
Below described embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art will be easy to the present invention is changed, revises and improves, and not deviate from the present invention.The present invention will only be limited by following claims.
Claims (11)
1. the assay method of an elastic-strip pressure comprises the steps:
(1) spring is applied load upwards, described spring comprises the toe-end that acts on the rail;
(2) in spring moves upward process, measure the load-displacement relation curve that is applied on the spring;
(3) determine that catastrophe point that the slope in described load-displacement relation curve diminishes is as flex point;
(4) determine that the load at described flex point place is as elastic-strip pressure.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described load is applied to the toe-end of described spring.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described load is pulling force upwards.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the slope variation rate of described catastrophe point is at least 50%.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the slope variation rate of described catastrophe point is 75%.
6. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the initial value that is applied to the described load of spring is determined according to the characteristic of spring.
7. a measuring device of spring bar fastener pressure comprises: the clamp device that clamps spring; By the force application apparatus of described clamp device to the spring imposed load; With the bearing that is used to support described force application apparatus;
It is characterized in that, also comprise the measuring and calculating device of the load-displacement relation curve that is used to measure spring, and comprise the flex point decision maker with described measuring and calculating device electric connection.
8. device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described clamp device is a four-bar mechanism, and described force application apparatus is a hydraulically operated equipment (HOE).
9. device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described measuring and calculating device comprises load measurement unit and displacement measurement unit.
10. device according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described displacement measurement unit comprises and rectilinear motion is converted into the throw-over gear that rotatablely moves and will rotates gear mechanism that revolution amplifies and the induction installation of measuring described revolution.
11. device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described flex point decision maker comprises display device.
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| CN200910079419XA CN101493365B (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2009-03-10 | Method for measuring elastic-strip pressure and apparatus |
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| CN200910079419XA CN101493365B (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2009-03-10 | Method for measuring elastic-strip pressure and apparatus |
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102364314A (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2012-02-29 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | Method for determining subway busbar aluminium alloy section tension |
| CN102322776B (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2013-01-16 | 中铁隆昌铁路器材有限公司 | Single-toe elastic strip fast detecting tool and detecting method |
| CN103018029B (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-11-12 | 中铁隆昌铁路器材有限公司 | Movable type fastener clamping force testing platform and testing method |
| CN105628361B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2018-09-07 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Toe load of fastening test equipment and method |
| CN105527166A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-04-27 | 北京交通大学 | A device for testing a stress state of an e-shaped elastic strip of a railroad fastener |
| CN106092414A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-11-09 | 安徽金星预应力工程技术有限公司 | A kind of frock being applied to elastic-strip pressure experiment |
| CN106168522A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-11-30 | 安徽金星预应力工程技术有限公司 | A kind of frock for elastic-strip pressure detection |
| CN108747934A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-11-06 | 刘波 | High ferro elastic bar fastener numerical control buckle press adjusts impact wrench |
| CN109520644A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-03-26 | 西南交通大学 | Elastic-strip pressure detection method and elastic-strip pressure detection device |
| CN109374187B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2024-03-26 | 上海工程技术大学 | Compression bar type fastener elastic bar buckling pressure online measurement system |
| CN109596434B (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2021-08-24 | 安徽省巢湖铸造厂有限责任公司 | Positioning device for testing buckling force of e-shaped elastic strip and positioning method thereof |
| CN109612843A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-12 | 广州计量检测技术研究院 | Elastic-strip pressure test device and its application method |
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