CN101487666A

CN101487666A - Biphase ore furnace and its smelting method

Info

Publication number: CN101487666A
Application number: CNA2009100580523A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 向方贵; 向跃新
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2009-01-06
Filing date: 2009-01-06
Publication date: 2009-07-22
Anticipated expiration: 2029-01-06
Also published as: CN101487666B

Abstract

The invention relates to a two-phase submerged arc furnace and a smelting process thereof. The furnace is characterized in that a furnace body inserted with a three phase AC electrode is provided; a forehearth communicated with the furnace body is additionally arranged, the forehearth is internally provided with a DC electrode, the surface of the forehearth is oblique, a bleed hole thereof is as high as liquid level in the furnace body; a DC electrode is hoisted by a worm wheel gear change mechanism and powered by a controllable silicon rectifier equipment. At the beginning of smelting, the AC electrode heats ore and melts the ore to liquid in a lower cavity of the furnace body, then in working, the AC electrode is hoisted to approximately the middle part of the furnace body and stays still, the ore is added to the top of the furnace; smelt metal in the liquid of the forehearth automatically enters the furnace body from the oblique surface, the smelt metal at the two places is continuously discharged from the furnace bottom, so is the slag. With the two-phase submerged arc furnace and the smelting process adopted, metal recovery rate is increased enormously to over 98%, metal content in the waste residue is reduced to below 0.09%, thus solving the problem of environmental pollution by the existing building materials. Smelting at the middle and lower parts of the furnace body produces no smoke gas, thus greatly reducing environmental pollution. Compared with existing smelting one furnace by one furnace and discharge, the continuous smelting of the invention can save energy by about 15% with high efficiency. In addition, the submerged arc furnace can be applied to smelting metal such as copper and the like from the ore. The 'DC forehearth' can also be applied to a blast furnace and a cupola for coking coal smelting.

Description

Biphase ore furnace and smelting process

(1) technical field:

Biphase ore furnace of the present invention and smelting process relate to a kind of hot stove in ore deposit of metal smelting.Belong to versatible furnace class (F27D).

(2) background technology:

Hot stove in the ore deposit of existing metal smelting and smelting process are seen Fig. 9, and the hot stove in ore deposit is made up of body of heater 1n, slag-drip opening 1.3n, metal notch 1.1n, ac electrode 3n, power distribution equipment 4n and elevating mechanism 5n etc.Its smelting process has the following step: 1. throw solid material volume V and reach 0.15～0.25 of total measurement (volume) in body of heater, elevating mechanism descends ac electrode 3n and inserts in the solid material 6, connect power supply, ac electrode energising heat solid raw material reaches normal value until temperature and electric current; 2. continue to add from the top down the solid raw material to arriving body of heater 1n top; Bottom solid material heating becomes liquid, moves on the liquid level 1.2n during heating, and ac electrode 3n rises simultaneously, until liquid level rises to furnace roof, is liquid in the whole body of heater; 3. open slag-drip opening 1.3n, discharge the first stove slag; 4. repeat above-mentioned steps 2.～3. once, just finish and smelt second stove, the 3rd stove ...., 5. as stated above, open metal notch 1.1n just now behind the many stoves of smelting, emit the liquid metals of smelting in the lump.

There are the following problems for above-mentioned traditional hot stove in ore deposit and smelting process: it is low 1. to smelt the metal recovery rate that, and does not reach national standard.2. smelt overrun metal content in the slag of discharging the back, generally exceeding standard reaches more than 0.3%.Slag is generally silicon and calcium, is liquid when beginning to get rid of, and becomes solid later on, can offer cement plant etc. and make construction material (oneself is pulverized), and overrun metal content produces secondary pollution in the building materials, is detrimental to health.3. in the smelting process, liquid level 1.2n is when furnace bottom, and the solid material layer depth has sealing function, and the stove outer air does not enter, and belongs to the normal smelting that few air enters; And, that is to say the solid material ore layer height h of liquid level top because after smelting a stove, ac electrode and liquid level need rise to furnace roof always _6nThe close furnace roof of very little (see figure 9) liquid level heat zone, the as easy as rolling off a log liquid level heat zone that enters of stove outer air, every thus refining one stove produces a large amount of gases at the stove item and discharges, and causes serious environmental to pollute.

(3) summary of the invention:

Biphase ore furnace and smelting process that the present invention proposes are exactly to solve the existing hot stove in ore deposit and the smelting process metal recovery rate is low, problem such as overrun metal content and environmental pollution in the slag.Its technical scheme is as follows:

Biphase ore furnace comprises body of heater 1, the ac electrode in body of heater 3, the AC distribution device 4 that has metal notch 1.1 and exchanges lowering or hoisting gear 5, it is characterized in that:

A) outside body of heater front side wall 1.3, fix an external crucible 2, external crucible have upwards stretch out around the sealing external crucible sidewall 2.2, the rear end is an external crucible rear wall 2.7 near body of heater front side wall 1.3, has connected entrance 1.4 on external crucible rear wall and the body of heater front side wall; The external crucible bed surface is inclined-plane 2.4, and inclined-plane low port 2.6 is connected the connected entrance place; On the external crucible sidewall, have slag-drip opening 2.3, slag-drip opening height h _2.3With operating fluid level height h in the body of heater _1.2Identical; Preceding bed foundation 2.5 usefulness refractory materials are made, and are supported on ground 9;

B) the direct-flow positive pole 2.1+ and the direct current negative pole 2.1-of upper and lower layout are housed in external crucible; The direct current negative pole is imbedded preceding bed foundation 2.5 surfaces, and direct-flow positive pole 2.1+ working depth is below the operating fluid level height; If DC switchgear 7 to direct-flow positive pole and negative pole power supply; If be used for the direct current elevating mechanism 8 of lifting direct-flow positive pole.

The smelting process of concrete structure, further feature and above-mentioned biphase ore furnaces such as above-mentioned DC switchgear 7, direct current elevating mechanism 8, AC distribution device 4, interchange lowering or hoisting gear 5 is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

I. owing to set up and adopt galvanic external crucible, the kish of slag liquid is focused on the external crucible bottom fast up hill and dale by galvanic electrodeposition effect, metal recovery rate is improved greatly, can reach more than 98%.Particularly smelt precious metal, economic benefit improves significantly.Ii. simultaneously, tenor significantly reduces in the waste residue of smelting, is not more than 0.09%, satisfies the building materials environmental protection requirement.Iii. because in the smelting process, operating position liquid surface heat zone (being ac electrode and liquid level position) is in the body of heater middle part all the time, under the sealing of solid material layer, stove outer air inlet is few, remain the normal smelting state of little air, the hot stove furnace roof in ore deposit does not have the flue gas discharge during smelting, improves greatly and smelts environmental pollution.Iv. because the slag-drip opening of design is identical with the liquid level height, slag emission and body of heater raffinate stream after the external crucible smelting all can carry out automatically continuously to external crucible, and then the adding of solid material also can automatic or manual adds continuously by the decline of raw material aspect; Owing to establish the inclined-plane, the interior kish of smelting of external crucible can sink to metal smelting discharge continuously simultaneously in bottom of furnace body and the body of heater continuously simultaneously.Whole thus smelting process is carried out continuously automatically, and ac electrode maintains static during work, ac electrode repetitiousness lifting during with existing mine heat furnace smelting, and the smelting of-stove one stove and the smelting process of discharging are compared, the heat insulation, furnace temperature is stable; Reduced the power consumption that surperficial thawing heats up, but saves energy is about about 15%, and efficient improves greatly.V. automatic continuous discharging slag helps the recovery of various non-ferrous metal metallurgy waste residues.Vi. ' direct current external crucible ' provided by the invention also can be used for blast furnace and the furnace cupola that coking coal is smelted, and all can improve metal recovery rate greatly, reduces the waste residue tenor and satisfy the environmental protection demand.The convenient of slag-drip opening position regulated when vii. establishing movable slag-drip opening and can adapt to liquid fluctuating, when smelting different metal kind and content to satisfy, and the adjustment of liquid level.

(4) description of drawings:

Fig. 1 general layout of the present invention and structural representation

Fig. 2 DC switchgear 7 block diagrams

Fig. 3 direct current elevating mechanism 8 schematic diagrames

Fig. 4 Fig. 3 A-A cutaway view (direct current lifting chuck structure)

Fig. 5 AC distribution device 4 block diagrams

Fig. 6 Fig. 5 B-B cutaway view (the ac electrode 3A that only draws is electrically connected diagram)

Fig. 7 exchanges lowering or hoisting gear 4 schematic diagrames (the ac electrode 3A lowering or hoisting gear that only draws, its lowering or hoisting gear in two is identical, and is independently)

Fig. 8 Fig. 7 C-C analyses and observe

Existing hot stove general layout in ore deposit of Fig. 9 and structural representation

(5) specific embodiment:

Embodiment: see Fig. 1～Fig. 8

See Fig. 1, be provided with body of heater 1 in the present embodiment biphase ore furnace, inboard wall of furnace body is the furnace lining that refractory material is made; The rear wall bottom has outer tubaeform metal notch 1.1.Solid material ore 6 is housed in the body of heater during work; Three-phase alternating current electrode 3 (3 _A, 3 _B, 3 _C) insert in the ore, generally adopt three to exchange carbon pole.Be provided with AC distribution device 4 and exchange lowering or hoisting gear 5.Ground is embedded with the thermal insulating layer of making of refractory brick 10 below the bottom of furnace body.

See Fig. 1, outside body of heater front side wall 1.3, fix an external crucible 2, external crucible have upwards stretch out around the sealing external crucible sidewall 2.2, the rear end is an external crucible rear wall 2.7 near body of heater front side wall 1.3, has oblique connected entrance 1.4 on external crucible rear wall 2.7 and the body of heater front side wall 1.3; The external crucible bed surface is inclined-plane 2.4, (it is good that one section gradient is selected 1:9), inclined-plane low port 2.6 is connected connected entrance 1.4 places, and both Dou degree are identical.Have outer tubaeform slag-drip opening 2.3 on the external crucible front end external crucible sidewall 2.2, slag-drip opening height h _2.3With operating fluid level height h in the body of heater 1 _1.2Identical; Can adopt the long limit of rectangular opening of external crucible sidewall 2.2 short transverses to stop up one section, and obstruction mouthful position can change the movable slag-drip opening 2.3 that forms with liquid surface lifting with refractory material.Preceding bed foundation 2.5 usefulness refractory materials are made, and can adopt the unsplit bedplate 2.5 that is put in ground 9, also can adopt short base 2.5a, are supported in ground 9 with two leg 2.5b (seeing dotted line among Fig. 1).

See Fig. 1, the direct-flow positive pole 2.1+ and the direct current negative pole 2.1-of upper and lower layout is housed in external crucible; The direct current negative pole is imbedded preceding bed foundation 2.5 surfaces, direct-flow positive pole operating position h2 below liquid level _.1The place, h2 _.1Be the distance of DC electrode base apart from slag-drip opening.If DC switchgear 7 is powered to the direct current positive and negative electrode; Be provided with the direct current elevating mechanism 8 of lifting direct-flow positive pole.General connected entrance 1.4 is apart from the height h of body of heater bottom surface _1.4Be body of heater height overall H ₁0.3～0.35.The preceding degree of depth h of bed electrode place ₂It is good being chosen as 600mm.

See Fig. 2, DC switchgear 7 following compositions: 1. establish silicon controlled rectifier 7.2, its input 7.2a is connected with three-phase alternating-current supply 7.1, input voltage 380V; Its output DC voltage is 12～24V, draws positive electrode 7+, negative electrode 7-and is electrically connected with direct-flow positive pole 2.1+ and direct current negative pole 2.1-respectively; 2. positive electrode 7+ is a cord, and the cord termination is the copper anchor ear 7.3 that is electrically connected with direct-flow positive pole 2.1+, and based on the scalability of cord, direct-flow positive pole 2.1+ and metal anchor ear can free upper and lower moving under direct current elevating mechanism 8 drives.3. there is controller can control DC voltage, electric current etc. in the silicon controlled rectifier 7.2.

See Fig. 3, Fig. 4, direct current elevating mechanism 8 following compositions: 1. establish transverse arm 8.3, direct-flow positive pole 2.1+ passes the transverse arm place, there is two iron clamping head 8.3a, 8.3b (or iron anchor ear) and the felt pad all around 8.4 that clamps direct-flow positive pole 2.1+ at the transverse arm two ends, transverse arm two outer end 8.3c, 8.3d be placed in the long column 8.5 of fixed bottom boundary respectively and be fixed in outside the short column 8.2 of external crucible rear wall 2.7, slide between transverse arm and column or roll and cooperate, can adorn and slide or rolling bearing, realize that transverse arm can move relative to two columns are upper and lower.2. (column can be used round steel) installs worm gear speed change lowering or hoisting gear 8.1 on short column 8.2 or long column 8.5, and the worm screw 8.1a in this device 8.1 is fixed in transverse arm 8.3.Because can upper and lowerly move on two columns transverse arm two outer ends, thus behind the electric motor starting of worm gear speed change lowering or hoisting gear 8.1, drive that worm gear rotates and worm screw 8.1a is upper and lower moves and drive transverse arm 8.3, direct-flow positive pole 2.1+ and felt pad 8.4 etc. freely rise or descend.Felt pad 8.4 is with direct-flow positive pole 2.1 and transverse arm electric insulation.Direct-flow positive pole 2.1 shape of cross sections are rectangle.It is good that the direct-flow positive pole size can be 300 * 400 * 500mm.

See Fig. 5, Fig. 6, AC distribution device 4 following compositions: the wiring cabinet 4.1 that main widely different road power supply, switch etc. are arranged in 1. establishing; The low-tension transformer 4.3 that the controller 4.2 of temperature and ac electrode lifting etc. and voltage are reduced to 75～120V in control alternating voltage, electric current, the body of heater by 380V.2. the low-tension transformer low-pressure side is drawn three cords 4.3 _A, 4.3 _B, 4.3 _C, its end is adorned metal anchor ear 4.4 respectively, and binds round respectively at three

ac electrodes

3 _A, 3 _B, 3 _COutward, low-voltage AC is transmitted on the electrode, based on the scalability of cord, ac electrode and metal anchor ear exchange lowering or hoisting gear 5 can free upper and lower moving under driving.3. the ac electrode cross section is circular, arranges can be in the space and overlooks leg-of-mutton three vertex positions.

See Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, exchange lowering or hoisting gear 5 following compositions: 1. three

ac electrodes

3 _A, 3 _B, 3 _CRespectively establish a lowering or hoisting gear, establish 5.3, one ac electrodes 3 of a transverse arm in every _APass the transverse arm place, there is the clamping head 5.5 of clamping electrode this transverse arm termination, place, and the clamping head opening part is established bolt 5.6 and tightened up, and insulation tube 5.4 is arranged between clamping head 5.5 and electrode.Transverse arm the inner has sliding sleeve 5.3a to be placed in outside the column 5.2 of fixed bottom boundary, and 5.2 on sliding sleeve 5.3a and column are the slip or the cooperation of rolling.2. worm gear speed change lowering or hoisting gear 5.1 is installed, and the worm screw 5.1a in this device 5.1 is fixed in transverse arm 5.3 on column 5.2.Because can upper and lowerly move on column the transverse arm outer end, behind the electric motor starting of worm gear speed change lowering or hoisting gear 5.1, driving the upper and lower transverse arm 5.3 that moves and drive one of worm gear rotation and worm screw 5.1a, ac electrode 3A, insulation tube 5.4 etc. can free lifting thus.Insulation tube 5.4 is with ac electrode and transverse arm electric insulation.

The smelting process of above-mentioned biphase ore furnace metal smelting, this method comprises the following steps: to see Fig. 1

I., the hot stove in above-mentioned two-phase ore deposit is set.

Ii. connected entrance 1.4 and metal notch 1.1 usefulness refractory materials 1.5 are blocked, thrown solid material ore 6 in body of heater, ore volume V reaches 0.15～0.25 of total measurement (volume), and optional 0.2; Exchange lowering or hoisting gear 5 power supplies and start, ac electrode 3 is descended insert in the ore; Connect AC distribution device 4 power supplys, ac electrode 3 energising heating ores reach normal value until temperature and electric current.

Iii. start direct current elevating mechanism 8, direct-flow positive pole descend and the direct current negative pole between apart from h ₂In 30～50mm scope; At this moment, continue to put into from the top down solid material to arriving the body of heater top; Interchange adds pines for that the bottom solid material becomes liquid in the body of heater, liquid level 1.2 moves on gradually, and input currents reach when setting the corresponding numerical value of operating fluid level height in the controller 4.2, controller 4.2 control interchange lowering or hoisting gears 5, make ac electrode stop to rise, be fixed on height H ₃The position, H ₃Be set at (0.4～0.6) H ₁Can be controlled in 0.5H1 herein, H1 is body of heater 1 height overall.Liquid level is apart from the distance h on ac electrode base at this moment ₃Can be controlled in 80～120mm scope, can be taken as 100mm; Liquid level 1.2 height h when then working _1.2Can be controlled in 0.5H1+100mm.The metal of producing in the body of heater is sunken at the bottom of the body of heater.

Iv. connect DC switchgear 7 dc sources, two DC electrodes are charged; Remove connected entrance refractory material 1.5, connected entrance 1.4 is communicated with, moment slag liquid flow to external crucible 2; Start direct current elevating mechanism 8, direct-flow positive pole 2.1+ rises with liquid level and rises to slag-drip opening below h _2..1The place, operating position; h _2.1For the DC electrode base can be controlled in 80～120mm apart from the distance of slag-drip opening, according to this status requirement, the input current by motor in the control worm gear speed change lowering or hoisting gear 8.1 makes DC electrode stop at this operating position; The DC electric field that forms with kish in the slag liquid inhale in the external crucible bottom through the inclined-plane 2.4, connected entrance 1.5 bottom surfaces pass back into furnace bottom in the body of heater.

V. liquid level 1.2 rises to slag-drip opening 2.2 positions, and the continuous overflow deslagging is loaded in the container 11; While body of heater top ore 6 volumes descend, the at this moment available artificial or additional at any time automatically solid material ore of filling of machinery; Press connected entrance 1.5 and be communicated with back 2～6 hours, open metal notch 1.1, metal is discharged in container 12.Realize thus smelting automatically continuously.The coverture 2.8 of preserving moisture can be placed in the liquid level surface in the external crucible 2, generally adopts husk, so that liquid is incubated and prevents that heat scatters and disappears.

Claims

1. biphase ore furnace comprises body of heater (I), the ac electrode in body of heater (3), the AC distribution device (4) that has metal notch (1.1) and exchanges lowering or hoisting gear (5), it is characterized in that:

A) outside body of heater front side wall (1.3), fix an external crucible (2), external crucible have upwards stretch out around the sealing external crucible sidewall (2.2), the rear end is external crucible rear wall (2.7) near body of heater front side wall (1.3), has connected entrance (1.4) on external crucible rear wall and the body of heater front side wall; The external crucible bed surface is inclined-plane (2.4), and inclined-plane low port (2.6) is connected the connected entrance place; Have slag-drip opening (2.3) on the external crucible sidewall, slag-drip opening height (h2.3) is identical with operating fluid level height (h1.2) in the body of heater; Preceding bed foundation (2.5) is made of refractory material, and is supported on ground (9);

B) direct-flow positive pole (2.1+) and the direct current negative pole (2.1-) of upper and lower layout are housed in external crucible; The direct current negative pole is imbedded preceding bed foundation (2.5) surface, and the direct-flow positive pole working depth is below the operating fluid level height; If DC switchgear (7) to the power supply of direct current positive and negative electrode; If be used for the direct current elevating mechanism (8) of lifting direct-flow positive pole.

2. by the hot stove in the described ore deposit of claim 1, it is characterized in that described DC switchgear (7) comprising: 1. silicon controlled rectifier (7.2), its input (7.2a) is connected with three-phase alternating-current supply (7.1), its output is a dc source, draws positive electrode (7+), negative electrode (7-) and is electrically connected with direct-flow positive pole (2.1+) and direct current negative pole (2.1-) respectively; 2. positive electrode (7+) is a cord, and the metal anchor ear (7.3) that is electrically connected with direct-flow positive pole is equipped with in its termination.

3. by the hot stove in the described ore deposit of claim 1, it is characterized in that direct current elevating mechanism (8) is provided with: 1. establish transverse arm (8.3), be provided with the clamping head (8.3a of clamping direct-flow positive pole in it, 8.3b) and felt pad (8.4), transverse arm two outer end (8.3c, 8.3d) be placed in respectively outside long column (8.5) that is fixed in ground and the short column (8.2) that is fixed in external crucible rear wall (2.7), cooperate for sliding or rolling between transverse arm and column; Worm gear speed change lowering or hoisting gear (8.1) 2. is installed on short column or long column, and worm screw (8.1a) external part is fixed in transverse arm (8.3) in it.

4 by the hot stove in the described ore deposit of claim 1, it is characterized in that slag-drip opening is that the long limit of rectangular opening of external crucible sidewall short transverse is stopped up one section with refractory material, and stops up mouthful position and can change the movable slag-drip opening (2.3) that forms with liquid surface lifting.

5. with the smelting process of the described biphase ore furnace metal smelting of claim 1, it is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:

I., claim 1,2, the hot stove in 3 or 4 described two-phase ore deposits are set;

Ii. with connected entrance (1.4) and metal notch (1.1) with refractory material (1.5 block); In body of heater (1), throw solid material, raw material volume V is 0.15～0.25 of a total measurement (volume), exchanging lowering or hoisting gear (5) starts, ac electrode (3) decline is inserted in the solid material, connect AC distribution device (4) power supply, ac electrode energising heat solid raw material reaches normal value until temperature and electric current;

Iii. start direct current elevating mechanism (8), distance (h2) is in 30～50mm scope between direct-flow positive pole decline and direct current negative pole; Continue to put into from the top down solid material to arriving the body of heater top; Interchange adds pines for that the bottom solid material becomes liquid in the body of heater, liquid level moves on gradually, when the interior input current of controller (4.2) reaches with the corresponding numerical value of setting operating fluid level height, controller control exchanges lowering or hoisting gear (5), ac electrode stops to rise, be fixed on height (H3) position, (H3) be set at (0.4～0.6) (H1);

Iv. connect DC switchgear (7) dc source, two DC electrodes are charged; Remove connected entrance refractory material (1.5), connected entrance is communicated with, moment slag liquid flow to external crucible (2); Start direct current elevating mechanism (8), direct-flow positive pole rises with liquid level and rises to place, (h2..1) operating position, slag-drip opening below; (2.4), connected entrance (1.4) pass back into furnace bottom in the body of heater to the DC electric field that forms through the inclined-plane at the external crucible bed surface with kish suction in the slag liquid;

V. liquid level (1.2) rises to slag-drip opening (2.2) position, the continuous overflow deslagging, and this moment, the solid material volume descended, and replenished at any time simultaneously and filled solid material; Press connected entrance (1.4) and be communicated with back 2～6 hours, open metal notch (1.1), metal is discharged.

6. by the described smelting process of claim 5, on liquid level, place the coverture (2.8) of preserving moisture after it is characterized in that being full of in the external crucible slag liquid.

7. by the described smelting process of claim 5, it is characterized in that liquid level is controlled at 80～120mm apart from ac electrode base distance (h3); Slag-drip opening is controlled at 80～120mm apart from DC electrode base distance (h2.1).