CN101486327B - Design method of non-highway dump truck - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a design method of a dumper used under an off-highway working condition, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: its driving system (1) is connected on main frame (8), steering system (2) is connected in the left place ahead outside of main frame (8), suspension system (3) is connected in main frame (8) below, braking system (4) are connected in the inside and the outside of main frame (8), the hydraulic cylinder of lifting system (5) passes through the hydro-cylinder connecting seat and connects on sub vehicle frame (9) front end and the front bezel of packing box (6), packing box (6) are connected on sub vehicle frame (9), sub vehicle frame (9) pass through support and connecting plate and connect on main frame (8), driver's cabin (7) are unilateral and arrange in main frame (8) left place ahead. The method defines the market of the off-highway vehicles, determines the technical indexes of the off-highway vehicles according to the determined market demand, completes the design of the overall layout according to the technical index requirement, and solves the vehicle ground system in the off-highway state.

Description

Design method of non-highway dump truck

technical field

The invention relates to a dump truck used in off-highway working conditions, in particular to the design of a dump truck for off-highway that can exert high transportation efficiency in short-distance transfer transportation of various open-air mineral materials under off-highway working conditions method.

Background technique

At present, for the specific market of bulk material transportation in domestic water conservancy and electric power construction sites, large-scale open-pit mines and other similar places, the construction site is relatively closed, the construction period is long, the transport materials are relatively stable, and the vehicles are heavily used and updated quickly. Mining vehicles in the engineering category are more suitable, but because of their high purchase and operating costs, project contractors purchase a small amount for qualification certification for bidding needs, and they are rarely used in practice; engineering vehicles in the automotive category are subject to road regulations and vehicle standards It is difficult to meet the special requirements of engineering conditions for vehicles. Its shortcomings are mainly manifested as follows:

1. Traditionally used off-highway vehicles are still basically designed according to the standard engineering vehicles, some of which are only partially improved, and the overall design layout is not carried out according to the actual needs of the project.

2. In the rear suspension of the traditional engineering vehicle, the saddle bolts are used to install multiple leaf springs in the balance shaft shell groove, and the two ends are installed on the leaf spring skateboard seat on the bridge. The load transmits the force to the auxiliary through the cargo box. Frame, frame, leaf springs to axles and tires, and finally to the ground. The leaf spring is the main bearing and shock absorber in the suspension structure, which is easy to cause the leaf spring to be vulnerable. At the same time, in the use of engineering vehicles, due to the overall level of heat treatment in China, it is necessary to improve the load-carrying capacity of the vehicle. If the multi-leaf springs are thickened too much, heat treatment cracks will appear and the elasticity will be reduced, so that engineering vehicles can be used on uneven roads. , resulting in serious vehicle bumps, leaf springs are easily broken, and the driver's labor intensity increases.

3. The thrust rods of the rear balance suspension of traditional engineering vehicles adopt the vertical distribution of the upper thrust rod as a single rod, and the distribution of the lower thrust rod as a double rod in a figure-eight shape. When this kind of vehicle is used on the construction site, due to the poor road conditions on the construction site, the softness and hardness of the road surface on which the vehicle is driving, the large resistance coefficient of the surface road, the high working intensity and severe overloading, the upper thrust rod often breaks, which causes long-term drive axles to move, mid The drive shaft of the rear axle is damaged, and the distribution of the suspension thrust rods cannot meet the requirements of the construction site.

4. Traditional balance suspensions are all single-leaf spring structures, that is, the middle of the leaf spring is fixed on a balance shaft. The two ends are supported on the front and rear axles, and the force is transmitted to the ground through the tires on the axles. This kind of balanced suspension can well distribute the forces on the front and rear wheels evenly, so it is widely used. But along with the continuous increase of the load capacity of the vehicle, this traditional single-leaf spring balanced suspension cannot well solve the contradiction between the vehicle's no-load and full-load conditions. That is, under the condition of no load, the total mass of the vehicle is relatively small, and the stiffness of the leaf spring is too large, making it difficult for the driver to drive; while under the condition of heavy load, the total mass of the vehicle is relatively large, and the stiffness of the leaf spring is too small.

5. In the rear suspension of traditional engineering vehicles, the driving form of engineering vehicles is 6X4. The rear suspension is mostly a leaf spring balanced suspension, and the connection between the leaf spring and the frame is realized by an integral balance shaft. There are problems in that the noise is large, the weight is heavy, and the economic performance of the vehicle is not good.

6. The traditional connection method of the oil cylinder for engineering vehicles is to directly connect the brackets at both ends of the oil cylinder to the front plate of the cargo box. This connection method has three disadvantages: 1. Drill 12 φ16.5 holes on the front plate of the cargo box. Holes, due to the heavy weight and large area of the front plate of the cargo box, it is very inconvenient to process. Second, because the front plate of the cargo box is easily deformed when the cargo box is loaded, this will directly lead to changes in the installation position of the oil cylinder, making the oil cylinder The service life of the oil cylinder is reduced due to the additional force; third, because the bolts are directly connected to the front plate of the cargo box, the bolt heads are exposed inside the cargo box, and it is difficult to disassemble after being deformed or corroded by the impact of the cargo, which is not convenient for the oil cylinder Repair and replace.

7. A large number of working condition surveys show that for the stripping of open-pit coal mines or the mining of metal ores, the materials loaded in the container can reach more than 50 tons at a time. During the lifting and unloading process of the container, the hinge seat is turned over The impact force of the device is large. If the strength is not enough or the structure is unreasonable, it is easy to cause cracks in the turning hinge seat or the gap increases, causing the container to move left and right, thus damaging the lifting cylinder or causing a rollover accident.

8. A large number of working condition surveys show that: for open-pit coal mine stripping or metal ore mining and other construction sites, the density of the load is greater than 1.8 tons/square, and the particle diameter is greater than 500 mm. The loading equipment is a large bucket excavator and loader. Or electric shovel, this kind of working condition has a large impact on the cargo box and serious wear and tear, the cargo box is easy to crack and deform, especially the bottom plate is easy to deform and crack, the repair cost is high and the repair period is long, or it cannot be repaired and scrapped.

9. When the original vehicle is in operation, the unevenness of the road surface causes the vehicle to vibrate and bump. If there are many goods in the container, the stacked materials will jump over the side plate of the container and fall onto the road on which the vehicle is driving. The gravel used in engineering is scattered on the road surface, which will cause damage to vehicle tires and reduce the service life of tires.

10. In the rear suspension of traditional engineering vehicles, there are two types of leaf spring skateboard seats. One is a frame structure, which can be self-limiting in the balanced suspension and when the rear axle jumps, but the upper plane is a plane, and at the same time There is no oil groove on the lower arc surface; the other is a sickle structure, and the upper plane is a plane, which cannot be self-limiting when the middle and rear axles jump. Due to the off-highway working conditions, the road surface of the vehicle is an engineering sidewalk, the road condition is poor, the road surface is uneven, and the axle jumps are large and frequent, so the traditional two structures of the leaf spring skateboard seat are used in off-highway working conditions. When the upper plane of the leaf spring seat comes into contact with the leaf spring wire and is impacted when the axle jumps down to the self-limiting position, the pressure on the leaf spring increases, and there is no oil groove on the lower plane. The spring slide seat is worn, and the top is impacted, and the longest piece is easy to break when used on the construction site.

Contents of the invention

One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a design method for off-highway dump trucks, which defines the market for off-highway vehicles, determines the technical indicators of off-highway vehicles according to the determined market demand, and simultaneously presses the requirements of the technical indicators. The design of the overall layout is completed, and the core solution is the vehicle ground system in the off-highway state. It aims at the above various deficiencies, and improves the unreasonable structure of each part so that it has an overall combination advantage.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a new equalizer beam suspension structure on the non-highway dump truck, which can improve the bearing capacity, and can fully alleviate and suppress the vibration and impact caused by uneven road surface.

The third object of the present invention is to provide a new suspension structure on off-highway dump trucks, which can not only prevent thrust rods from breaking, bridge displacement, and drive shaft damage, but also improve the performance of off-highway vehicles. Lateral stability and reliability improve the practical reliability of the vehicle.

The fourth object of the present invention is to provide a balanced suspension device on an off-highway dump truck, which has low suspension stiffness when unloaded and good driving comfort; when fully loaded, the suspension stiffness is large and the bearing capacity is strong. Thereby satisfying two different working conditions of empty and full load.

The fifth object of the present invention is to provide a rubber rear suspension on a non-highway dump truck, which reduces the weight of the suspension itself, is durable, reduces vibration to the greatest extent, reduces noise, and improves passability and smoothness. sex.

The sixth object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic oil cylinder connecting seat on a non-highway dump truck, which is easy to install and disassemble, has a long service life and is easy to maintain.

Seventh object of the present invention is to provide a mining dump truck cargo box turning hinge seat device on a non-highway dump truck. This mining dump truck cargo box turning hinge seat device is maintenance-free for life, and the cargo box can During the unloading process, there is no movement of the turning hinge seat, and the cargo box is safe and reliable during the lifting and unloading process, which improves the work efficiency and reduces the cost.

The eighth object of the present invention is to provide a double-bottom container on a non-highway dump truck, which is easy to repair, has a short cycle, improves work efficiency and is low in cost.

Ninth object of the present invention is to provide a tire protection device on non-highway dump trucks, which can reduce the amount of material scattered on the road where the dump truck is normally running, thereby reducing the damage to vehicle tires due to the scattered gravel on the road surface , greatly improving the service life of the tire.

The tenth purpose of the present invention is: provide a kind of novel leaf spring slide seat on the non-highway dump truck, it overcomes the problem that the longest leaf spring is easy to break caused by the unreasonable structure of the leaf spring slide seat of the engineering vehicle in use, and does not Under off-highway working conditions, it can reduce the impact on the top of the longest 3 pieces of the leaf spring, reduce the pressure and wear resistance of the bottom, thereby prolonging the life of the leaf spring.

The technical scheme of the present invention is: design a kind of design method of non-highway dump truck, it at least comprises car body, vehicle frame, power system, transmission system, carriage, tire, braking system, is characterized in that: its power system Connected to the main frame, the steering system is connected to the left front outside of the main frame, the suspension system is connected to the bottom of the main frame, the braking system is connected to the inside and outside of the main frame, and the hydraulic cylinder of the lifting system passes through the cylinder The connecting seat is connected to the front end of the sub-frame and the front plate of the cargo box. The cargo box is connected to the sub-frame. The sub-frame is connected to the main frame through brackets and connecting plates. The cab is arranged on one side of the main vehicle. rack left front.

The width of the cargo box and sub-frame is selected between 2800-3800mm; the width of its cab is selected between 1000mm-1500mm, the length is selected between 1800mm-2400mm, and the height is controlled between 1480mm-50mm; it drives the axle The total speed ratio should be between 8 and 13, the maximum allowable input torque should not be less than 15000Nm, the wheelbase should be controlled at 2000-3000mm; the minimum ground clearance should be not less than 350mm; The width is selected between 1000mm-1800mm; the axle load of the steering shaft is greater than 8 tons, and the steering resistance torque is greater than 6200Nm.

The suspension system is an equalizing beam suspension structure, which at least includes main springs, connectors, thrust rods, equalizing beams, various supports, rear axles, axles, middle axles, bearings, vehicle frames, four beams, Its equalizing beam is concave with an opening upward; its main spring is a rubber main spring; the upper thrust rod is a V-shaped structure.

The suspension system is a suspension structure, which at least includes an upper thrust rod, an upper thrust rod beam end bracket, an upper thrust rod bridge end bracket, a lower thrust rod bridge end bracket, a bracket, a lower thrust rod, a middle bridge , four crossbeams, rear axle and connectors, upper thrust rod and lower thrust rod, middle bridge and support, four crossbeams are connected at the front end of four crossbeams and The rear end forms two side-by-side four-bar linkages; the four upper thrust rods are respectively connected to the beam end bracket of the upper thrust rod, the bridge end bracket of the upper thrust rod, the four beams, the main frame, the middle bridge and the rear bridge in a figure-eight shape. Distribution; the four lower thrust rods are respectively connected to the bracket, the lower thrust rod bridge end bracket, the four beams, the middle bridge and the rear bridge are also distributed in a figure-of-eight shape, and the distribution of the four upper thrust rods is similar to that of the four lower thrust rods. The direction of the distribution of figure-eight openings is opposite.

The suspension system is a balanced suspension device. The balanced suspension leaf spring is composed of a main plate spring and a secondary leaf spring to increase the load-carrying capacity; the balance shaft shell and the balance shaft are connected by bearings, and the balance shaft shell is rotatable. The main plate spring of the balance suspension and the auxiliary leaf spring of the balance suspension are respectively fixed in the upper and lower grooves of the balance shaft shell through saddle bolts; Above and below, the two ends of the main board spring of the balance suspension are respectively inserted in the cavities of the two upper leaf spring slide seats; the two ends of the balance suspension auxiliary leaf spring are respectively inserted in the cavities of the two lower leaf spring slide seats.

The suspension system is a rubber rear suspension, which at least includes brackets, elastic cylindrical pins, pivot pin assemblies, upper thrust rod brackets, bolts, upper thrust rods on the middle bridge, upper thrust rod beam end brackets, four beams, Thrust rods, bolts, rear axles, middle axles, shock absorbers, limit block brackets, main springs and vehicle frames on the rear axle. Its elastic elements are main springs and auxiliary springs. The main springs and auxiliary springs are rubber main springs and Rubber auxiliary spring, the two ends of its shock absorber are respectively connected to the bracket and the equalizing beam assembly; four pieces of rubber main spring, the upper ends of the left and right two inclined parts are respectively connected to the left and right brackets by bolts, and the lower ends of the inclined surfaces are connected by bolts. Bolts are connected to the upper slope of the equalizing beam assembly; one of the equalizing beam assemblies is connected to the middle and rear axles through the left bracket, elastic cylindrical pin and pin shaft assembly, and the other equalizing beam assembly is also connected to the right bracket, elastic The cylindrical pin and pin shaft assembly are connected on the middle axle and the rear axle.

The hydraulic cylinder of the lifting system is connected with a hydraulic cylinder connecting seat, the cylinder support is connected to the cylinder support by bolts, the upper end of the cylinder support is fixed with a limit block, and the U-shaped groove cylinder support with two ports facing outward is fixed on the On a frame with two parallel sides formed by connecting two front plate longitudinal beams and two front plate cross beams, the frame is fixed on the front plate of the cargo box, and the oil cylinder bracket is connected with the oil cylinder.

The bottom of the cargo box is connected with a tipping truck container turning hinge seat device, the cover plate is fixed on the hinge seat by bolts and spring washers, and the oil cup is fixed on the hinge seat; the hinge shaft passes through the hinge seat and penetrates into the pipe, and the pipe is fixed On the subframe, pins pass through the tubes and hinges, and cotter pins pass through the pins to hold the pins in place.

The cargo box includes side panels and bottom panels, and the cargo box bottom panel is a double-layer bottom panel, which is composed of a lower bottom panel, a reinforcing rib and an upper bottom panel fixedly connected; Correspondingly, so that the ribs are superimposed on the beam through the lower base plate.

A tire protection device is connected to the bottom of the rear end of the cargo box. The guide plate seat body is a right-angled dihedron, and the inclined plane formed by two right-angled surfaces is a guide plate connected by fastening bolts; the inclined surfaces of the two guide plate seat bodies are outward They are respectively fixed on the longitudinal beams on both sides of the outer bottom of the side plate of the cargo box.

The suspension system mainly includes a front suspension system and a rear suspension system. The rear suspension system has a leaf spring skateboard seat. Its seat body is a frame structure, and the two ends of the lower surface of the upper plane of the seat body are downward The raised lower arc surface has a plane in the middle; the upper surface of the lower plane of the seat body is an upwardly raised upper arc surface; the upper arc surface of the lower plane of the seat body has oil grooves and oil passages, and the oil passage and passage The oil groove is connected; the maximum space distance between the lower surface of the upper plane of the seat body and the upper surface of the lower plane minus the gap distance left by the total thickness of the leaf spring is 18mm.

Features of the present invention are as follows:

1. This non-highway dump truck has the advantages of the overall combination and the advantages of each part because it aims at various deficiencies of the known technology and improves the unreasonable structure of each part. It can define the market of off-highway vehicles, determine the technical indicators of off-highway vehicles according to the determined market demand, and complete the design of the overall layout according to the requirements of the technical indicators, and solve the core solution of the vehicle ground system in the off-highway state.

2. This non-highway dump truck is used in combination with the design of the balance beam and the connection of the rubber main spring. At the same time, the upper thrust rod uses a single V rod, and the lower push rod adopts a straight rod vertically and horizontally arranged in parallel to form a balanced beam suspension. The structure, in addition to improving the load-carrying capacity, can also fully alleviate and suppress the vibration and impact caused by uneven road surfaces, ensuring the driver's comfort and the cargo being transported in good condition; in addition to transmitting the vertical force of the vehicle, it also transmits other aspects of the load. Force and moment, and ensure that there is a definite kinematic relationship between the wheel and the frame, so that the vehicle has good driving performance. Its invention is characterized in that traditional leaf springs are not used as the load-bearing and shock-absorbing parts of the suspension. The main load-bearing, shock-absorbing and force-transmitting parts in the suspension are equalizing beams, rubber main springs and thrust rods. The main load-bearing, shock-absorbing, and force-transmitting components in this suspension system are equalizer beams and rubber main springs.

3. In order to overcome the problem that the distribution of the thrust rods of the balance suspension of non-highway vehicles is not suitable for use on construction sites, resulting in the phenomenon that the thrust rod breaks and the rear axle moves and the drive shaft breaks, this non-highway dump truck is based on the traditional balance suspension. Above, add an upper thrust rod to the front end and the rear end of the four-beam, so that there are two thrust rods at the front end of the four-beam to form a figure-eight distribution, and two thrust rods at the rear end to form a figure-eight distribution, and the end of the four-beam is a figure-eight distribution In the opening direction, the upper thrust rod is fixed by the two beam end brackets on the left and right frame, and the two brackets on the bridge. In the opposite direction, the lower thrust rod is fixed through two balance shaft brackets and four bridge end brackets. This distribution method can increase the lateral stability and driving reliability of the vehicle. At the same time, the longitudinal force and lateral force borne by the thrust rod of the vehicle are increased, and the lateral guidance is strengthened.

4. This non-highway dump truck changes the single leaf spring structure of the traditional balanced suspension into a double leaf spring structure. When the vehicle is unloaded, only the main plate spring works; when the vehicle is fully loaded, the main plate spring and the secondary leaf spring Use at the same time. This not only solves the problem of too much stiffness of the no-load leaf spring, but also solves the problem of too small stiffness of the leaf spring under full load. This kind of balanced suspension device has small suspension rigidity when it is unloaded, and good driving comfort; when it is fully loaded, the suspension rigidity is large and the bearing capacity is strong. Thereby satisfying two different working conditions of empty and full load.

5. This non-highway dump truck cancels the balance shaft in the traditional balance suspension. The elastic element does not use leaf springs, but four durable rubber main springs. There are steel plates vulcanized in the rubber to improve rigidity. They are installed obliquely on both sides of the two balance beam saddles, so that the rubber main spring bears both vertical force and lateral force. The contact participates in the bearing, so that the acceleration values at no-load and full-load are relatively close, and when the vehicle is driving in off-road conditions, the frequency of no-load and full-load is close to each other, making it smoother.

6. This non-highway dump truck is equipped with an oil cylinder connecting seat, so it has the following characteristics: a. Due to the small size and light weight of the oil cylinder support, the drilling process on it is better than the drilling process on the front plate of the cargo box b. Since the U-shaped groove oil cylinder support 6 with two ports facing outwards is fixed on the two opposite sides parallel frame formed by the connection of two front plate longitudinal beams 4 and two front plate cross beams 5, the frame is fixed in front of the cargo box There are two horizontal ribs on plate 3, that is, the upper and lower sides of the oil cylinder support. These two horizontal ribs are connected with the two longitudinal ribs on the front plate of the cargo box to form a frame structure. The connection of the oil cylinder will not be affected by the deformation of the front plate of the cargo box. c. The shape of the oil cylinder support is designed as a U shape with two ports facing outward, which is very convenient for the installation and removal of the connecting bolts; d. The two limit blocks on the oil cylinder bracket are used to withstand the lifting of the oil cylinder and The main shear force during the descent reduces the shear force on the connecting bolts. E. Since the connecting bolts are outside the front plate of the cargo box, it is not easy to be deformed and rusted by force, and it is easy to disassemble.

7. This off-highway dump truck passes through the hinge seat of the cargo box turnover because the cargo box overturn hinge shaft passes through the subframe pipe, and passes the pin shaft with the cotter pin to fix the pin shaft 7. It has a simple structure, which is convenient for processing, assembly and welding so as to realize maintenance-free.

8. This kind of non-highway dump truck is welded with the lateral reinforcement ribs and longitudinal beams of the sub-floor at the positions of the transverse reinforcement ribs and longitudinal beams on the main floor of the container, and then laying and welding steel plates of a certain thickness on them, so it Large load capacity, strong and durable, simple structure, easy to process, easy to assemble and weld.

9. This non-highway dump truck is equipped with a tire protection device on the compartment, which can reduce a large amount of materials scattered on the normal driving road of the dump truck, thereby reducing the damage to the vehicle tires caused by the scattered gravel on the road surface, greatly Increased tire life.

10. The leaf spring skateboard seat body of this non-highway dump truck is a frame structure. The two ends of the lower surface of the upper plane of the seat body are arc-shaped surfaces that protrude downward, and the middle is a plane; the upper plane of the lower plane of the seat body The surface is an upwardly convex arc surface 9 . There are oil channel 2 and oil groove 3 on the upper circular arc surface of the lower plane of the seat body, and the oil channel 2 and oil groove 3 are connected so that grease can be injected into the oil channel 2 and introduced into the oil groove 3 to lubricate the leaf spring 8, reducing Wear and tear, improve leaf spring 8 life-spans. After adding two sections of arc surface to the upper plane of the leaf spring skateboard seat, when the axle jumps in off-highway conditions, the pressure on the three longest pieces of the leaf spring is reduced, the impact force is reduced, and the life of the leaf spring is extended by more than two times.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments.

Fig. 1 is the overall structural representation of embodiment;

Fig. 2 is the rear view of embodiment;

Fig. 2-1 is the front view of the equalizing beam suspension structure of embodiment 2;

Fig. 2-2 is the plan view of the equalizing beam suspension structure of embodiment 2;

Fig. 2-3 is the outline schematic diagram of the equalizing beam of embodiment 2;

Figure 3-1 is a front view of the distribution mode of the suspension thrust rods in Embodiment 3;

Fig. 3-2 is a top view of the distribution mode of the suspension thrust rods in Embodiment 3;

Fig. 4-1 is the structure and working schematic diagram of the double leaf spring structure of embodiment 4 under no-load condition;

Fig. 4-2 is the structure and working schematic diagram of the double leaf spring structure of embodiment 4 under the heavy load situation;

Fig. 5-1 is the front view of the rubber suspension of embodiment 5;

Fig. 5-2 is the top view of the rubber suspension of embodiment 5;

Fig. 5-3 is the left side view of the rubber suspension of embodiment 5;

Fig. 6-1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydraulic cylinder connecting seat in embodiment 6;

Figure 6-2 is the B-direction view of Figure 6-1 after removing the oil cylinder and oil cylinder support;

Figure 6-3 is a sectional view of A-A in Figure 6-2;

Fig. 7-1 is the schematic diagram of the hinge seat structure of embodiment 7;

Figure 7-2 is a sectional view of A-A of Figure 7-1;

Fig. 8-1 is the top view of the container structure of embodiment 8;

Figure 8-2 is a sectional view of Figure 8-1A-A;

Figure 8-3 is a sectional view of Figure 8-1B-B;

Figure 8-4 is a sectional view of Figure 8-1C-C;

Figure 9-1 is a schematic structural view of the tire protection device of Embodiment 9;

Figure 9-2 is an enlarged view of part K of Figure 9-1;

Fig. 10-1 is a front view of the structure of the leaf spring slider seat of Embodiment 10;

Fig. 10-2 is a left view structure diagram of the leaf spring slider seat structure in Embodiment 10;

Figure 10-3 is a sectional view of A-A of Figure 10-1;

Fig. 10-4 is the position diagram when the leaf spring skateboard seat of embodiment 10 jumps on the axle;

Fig. 10-5 is the position diagram when the leaf spring skateboard seat of embodiment 10 jumps under the axle.

In the figure: 1. Power system; 2. Steering system; 3. Suspension system; 4. Braking system; 5. Lifting system; 6. Cargo box; 7. Cab; 8. Main frame; frame;

2-1, rubber main spring; 2-2, bolts; 2-3, V-shaped upper thrust rod; 2-4, equalizing beam; 2-5, upper thrust rod beam end bracket; 2-6, bolts; 2- 7, bolt; 2-8, upper thrust rod bridge end bracket; 2-9, bolt; 2-10, rear axle; 2-11, bolt; 2-12, lower thrust rod bracket; 2-13, lower thrust rod ;2-14, balance shaft bracket; 2-15, bolt; 2-16, balance shaft; 2-17, pin; 2-18, middle bridge; 2-19, rubber bearing; 2-20, rubber bearing cover ; 2-21, bolts; 2-22, bolts; 2-23, frame; 2-24, four beams;

3-1, upper thrust rod; 3-2, upper thrust rod beam end bracket; 3-3, bolt; 3-4, upper thrust rod bridge end bracket; 3-5, bolt; 3-6, pin; 3 -7, bolt; 3-8, pin; 3-9, lower thrust rod bridge end bracket; 3-10, bolt; 3-11, bracket; 3-12, bolt; 3-13, lower thrust rod; 3 -14, middle bridge; 3-15, four beams; 3-16, rear bridge; 3-17, bolts;

4-1. Balance suspension main plate spring; 4-2. Balance suspension auxiliary leaf spring; 4-3. Balance shaft; 4-4. Balance shaft shell; 4-5. Riding bolt; 4-6. Upper leaf spring Skateboard seat; 4-7, lower plate spring skateboard seat;

5-1. Left bracket; 5-2. Elastic cylindrical pin; 5-3. Shaft pin assembly; 5-4. Upper thrust rod bracket; 5-5. Bolt; 5-6. Upper thrust rod of the middle bridge; 5- 7, right bracket; 5-8, beam end bracket of upper thrust rod; 5-9, four beams; 5-10, upper thrust rod of rear axle; 5-11, bolt; 5-12, rear axle; 5-13, Intermediate bridge; 5-14, equalizing beam assembly; 5-15, shock absorber; 5-16, bolt; 5-17, rubber limit block; 5-18, bolt; 5-19, limit block bracket; 5-20, bolt; 5-21, bolt; 5-22, rubber main spring; 5-23, rubber secondary spring; 5-24, bolt; 5-25, bolt; 5-26, bracket; 5-27, frame;

6-1. Oil cylinder; 6-2. Oil cylinder support; 6-3. Front panel of cargo box; 6-4. Front panel longitudinal beam; 6-5. Front panel beam; 6-6. Oil cylinder support; 6-7 , limit block;

7-1: cover plate; 7-2: bolt; 7-3: spring washer; 7-4: oil cup; 7-5: hinge seat; 7-6: pipe; 7-7: pin shaft; 7-8 : cotter pin; 7-9: hinge shaft;

8-1, stiffener; 8-2, upper floor; 8-3, lower floor; 8-4, beam; 8-5, longitudinal beam;

9-1, cargo box; 9-2, edge of cargo box side panel; 9-3, material; 9-4, outer lower longitudinal beam of cargo box side panel; 9-5, guide plate; 9-6, guide plate Seat body; 9-7, fastening bolt; 9-8, tire; 9-9, driving road surface;

10-1, the lower arc surface; 10-2, the oil groove; 10-3, the oil channel; 10-4, the flat contact point of the leaf spring on the axle; 10-5, the leaf spring on the axle 10-6, the lower plane contact of the leaf spring when the axle jumps down; 10-7, the upper plane contact of the leaf spring when the axle jumps down; 10-8, the leaf spring; 10-9, the upper circle curved surface.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1 As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, this non-highway dump truck includes a car body, a vehicle frame, a power system, a transmission system, a carriage, tires, and a braking system, and its power system 1 is connected to the main On the vehicle frame 8, the steering system 2 is connected to the left front outside of the main frame 8, the suspension system 3 is connected below the main frame 8, the braking system 4 is connected to the inside and outside of the main frame 8, and the lifting system 5 The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the front end of the subframe 9 and the front plate of the cargo box 6 through the oil cylinder connecting seat, the cargo box 6 is connected to the subframe 9, and the subframe 9 is connected to the main frame 8 through a bracket and a connecting plate. Above, the cab 7 is connected to the left front of the main frame through brackets.

It is aimed at the special working conditions of the construction site. Its power system matching design adopts a 16-ton reinforced wide-body engineering drive axle; 14.00-20 wide engineering tires make the vehicle have a super carrying capacity. Since the total mass of the vehicle is determined to be 40 tons, 14.00-20 engineering pattern tires and a 7-speed gearbox are selected from the consideration of tire load and passability technical indicators. The WD615.50 engineering version engine produced by Weichai Power Co., Ltd. was selected to meet the power requirements. Considering the requirements of off-highway working conditions on vehicle gradeability and common vehicle speed, the maximum power factor of the first gear and the maximum power factor of the direct gear are taken as the guaranteed indicators. The 7DS100 gearbox is selected; the total speed ratio of the drive axle should be between 8 and 13, and the maximum allowable input torque should not be less than 15000Nm. According to the stability requirements of the whole vehicle, the wheelbase should be controlled at 2000-3000mm, and the engineering bridge should be selected. Ensure that the minimum ground clearance of the vehicle is not less than 350mm.

In order to realize the bearing, its frame is connected by high-strength bolts on the grooved end face, and the design width is controlled between 1000mm-1800mm.

Its steering system design is for off-highway vehicles, because the total design mass of the vehicle is 40 tons, and the overload of the use link is common, the axle load of the steering shaft is greater than 8 tons, and the steering resistance torque is greater than 6200Nm, so the selected patent number is: ZL200720031805. 8, a steering hydraulic external power assist device.

Its suspension system is designed in the form of a non-independent suspension structure. The leaf spring is 15mm thick, and a total of 13 pieces show that the design can meet the requirements of a total weight of 40 tons.

The rear axle adopts balanced suspension, which is widely used in automobiles. However, the requirements of the off-highway working conditions on the dynamic stroke of the middle and rear axles and the requirements of the 14.00-20 tire assembly on the track have brought new issues to the suspension design. It is even more challenging. The super strong six thrust rods effectively coordinate the load of the middle and rear axles on bad roads. The leaf spring is 22mm thick, 13 pieces, and the stress is relieved one by one. The trapezoidal cross-section design reduces the internal stress of the whole spring, so that each leaf spring forms an elastic whole, reducing the friction between the pieces, so that The suspension system works softly and is capable of over-boosting at the same time.

Its braking system design uses the engineering road vehicle braking device with the patent number ZL200720031807.7. It has four sets of braking devices: (1) service braking device, that is, foot brake; (2) emergency braking device: Once the main circuit fails, use the manual valve to implement spring energy storage braking; (3) Parking brake device: spring energy storage braking, which is the same device as emergency braking; (4) Auxiliary braking device: engine WEVB closed Valve brake, electro-pneumatic.

Its lifting system is designed for off-highway vehicles, the transportation distance is very short, the lifting system works frequently, and the reliability of the lifting system affects the use effect of off-highway vehicles. Therefore, the lifting system adopts the design scheme of single-top multi-stage oil cylinder widely used in the world. The minimum starting pressure is 0.64Mpa. The maximum lifting time does not exceed 30".

Its cargo box series design, because the cargo box is the main operating device of off-highway vehicles, in order to ensure the vehicle's power, steering portability, driving stability, and braking reliability, the weight of the vehicle must be strictly controlled and the center of gravity should be reasonably arranged. , so that it has a good use effect. After the selection and layout of the main components of the chassis are determined, there is relatively little room for change in its weight and center of gravity. The main factors affecting the weight and center of gravity of the vehicle are the shape design of the series of containers, the weight of the containers and the time when they are full of goods. Center of gravity arrangement. If the center of gravity moves forward when fully loaded, the load capacity of the front suspension becomes too large, and the steering resistance torque increases at this time, which affects the portability of steering and handling stability; It is easy to tilt the head when unloading, and it is easy to roll over, which affects the stability of the whole vehicle. The design width of the cargo box and sub-frame is controlled between 2800 and 3800mm.

Embodiment 1 can also increase the heating device. For example, the patent number: ZL 2007 2 0031806.2 is a container heating device. Other structures in the present embodiment 1 are identical with engineering vehicle, belong to known technology and do not narrate here. Its assembly and debugging are carried out under the guidance of "Technical Conditions for Assembly, Adjustment and Acceptance of Non-highway Dump Trucks".

Its main technical indicators are as follows:

project Main Specifications test results Meet the judgment Vehicle curb weight Kg 13500 13300 conform to Front axle load/middle and rear axle load Kg 8000/32000 7980/31980 conform to Maximum loading weight Kg 26435 26500 conform to Maximum total mass Kg 40000 39870 conform to

Maximum speed Km/h 52 51.3 conform to Minimum stable speed of direct gear Km/h 12 12.3 conform to Maximum grade% 38 40.2 conform to Minimum turning diameter mm 18450 18450 conform to Maximum braking distance (V=30Km/h) 10m 9.6m conform to Approach / departure angle 31°/52° 31.2°/52° conform to Minimum ground clearance (front axle) 350mm 346mm conform to Container volume (m3) 18 17.6 conform to Cargo box lifting angle: 51° 52 conform to

Its cab is arranged on the left front of the frame with a unilateral cab. The width of the cab is controlled between 1000mm and 1500mm, the length is controlled between 1800mm and 2400mm, and the height is controlled between 1480mm and 1550mm.

Embodiment 2 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that its suspension is a balance beam suspension, as shown in Figure 2-1. There are four rubber main springs 2-1, and the two parts are connected by bolts 2-2. At the two ends of the equalizing beam 2-4 on the left side of the vehicle frame 2-23, the other two parts are connected to the two ends of the equalizing beam 2-4 on the right side of the vehicle frame 2-23 by bolts 2-2, four rubber main springs 2 The bottom of -1 is respectively connected to the axle housing processing surface of the middle bridge 2-18 and the rear axle 2-10 by bolts 2-11; The bolt 2-21 is connected to both ends of the balance shaft 2-16, the balance shaft 2-16 is fixed in the balance shaft bracket 2-14, and the two balance shaft brackets 2-14 are respectively connected to the vehicle frame 2- 23, while the lower end holes are connected to four lower thrust rods 2-13 through bolts 2-15, and the other ends of the four thrust rods 2-13 pass through pins 2-17, lower thrust rod brackets 2-12, and bolts 2-11 longitudinally Horizontally arranged in the middle bridge 2-18 and the rear bridge 2-10, one end of two V-shaped upper thrust rods 2-3 passes through the upper thrust rod bridge end bracket 2-8, bolt 2-9, bolt 2-7 and The pin 2-17 is connected to the processing surface of the middle part of the middle bridge 2-18 and the rear axle 2-10, and the other ends of the two V-shaped upper thrust rods 2-3 pass through the upper thrust rod beam end support 2-5 And the bolts 2-6 are connected on the four beams 2-24 and the vehicle frame 2-23, as shown in Figure 2-2, through the above installation and connection, the six thrust rods control the correct position of the bridge, and transmit the driving force and braking force at the same time . The heavy-duty force is transmitted to On the bridge, the bridge is transmitted to the ground through the tires. Its equalizing beam 2-4 is in the bow shape with an opening upward, as shown in Figure 2-3. The equalizing beam suspension structure of Embodiment 2 realizes the connection between the vehicle frame and the vehicle axle through the above connection and installation, and at the same time ensures the correct movement relationship between the wheels and the vehicle frame, and realizes the functions of bearing, guiding and shock absorption , to ensure the comfort of the driver and the integrity of the cargo, so that the vehicle has good driving performance.

Embodiment 3 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, the difference is that its suspension is another suspension structure as shown in Figure 3-1, which is the longitudinal distribution diagram of Embodiment 3, the upper thrust rod 3-1 And the lower thrust rod 3-13, the middle bridge 3-14 and the bracket 3-11, the four balance beams 3-15 pass through the upper thrust rod beam end bracket 3-2 and the upper thrust rod bridge end bracket 3-4 and the lower thrust rod bracket The connection of 3-9 forms two side-by-side four-bar linkages at the front end and the rear end of the four balance beams 3-15, which can effectively control the longitudinal jump of the middle bridge 3-14 and the rear bridge 3-16. The two ends of the four upper thrust rods 3-1 are respectively connected to the upper thrust rod beam end support 3-2 and the upper thrust rod bridge end support 3-4 by two bolts 3-17, and the upper thrust rod beam end support 3-2 is single The limit is connected on four beams 3-15 and the main vehicle frame by twelve bolts 3-3. The upper thrust rod bridge end support 3-4 is respectively fixed on the middle bridge 3-14 and the rear axle 3-16 by six bolts 3-5 and a pin 3-6; the two ends of the four lower thrust rods 3-13 are respectively Fix on the bracket 3-11 with bolt 3-12, and fix the lower thrust rod bridge end bracket 3-9 with bolt 3-17, and the bracket 3-11 is connected to the four beams 3-10 with fourteen bolts 3-10 on one side 15 bottoms, the lower thrust rod support 3-9 is fixed on the middle bridge 3-14 and the rear axle 3-16 with four bolts 3-7 and a pin 3-8 respectively.

As shown in Fig. 3-2, which is a top view of Embodiment 3, the four upper thrust rods 3-1 form a figure-eight arrangement at the front and rear ends of the four balance beams 3-15 respectively, and the four lower thrust rods 3-13 are arranged on the four The front end and the rear end of the beam 3-15 form a figure-of-sight arrangement, and at the same time, the opening direction of the upper thrust rod 3-1 and the lower thrust rod 3-13 are opposite to each other. Through the above specific installation and implementation, the lateral force of the vehicle can be increased, and the entire vehicle can be increased. The lateral stability of the vehicle improves the driving stability of the vehicle.

Embodiment 4 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that its balance suspension leaf spring is formed by connecting the main plate spring 4-1 and the secondary leaf spring 4-2, so as to increase the bearing capacity. The balance shaft housing 4-4 and the balance shaft 4-3 are connected by bearings, and the balance shaft housing 4-4 is rotatable; the main plate spring 4-1 of the balance suspension and the auxiliary leaf spring 4-2 of the balance suspension are connected by saddle bolts 4-5 are fixed in the upper and lower grooves of the balance shaft housing 4-4 respectively; The two ends of a balance suspension main board spring 4-1 are respectively inserted in the cavity of the upper leaf spring skateboard seat 4-6; the two ends of the two balanced suspension auxiliary leaf springs 4-2 are respectively inserted in the lower leaf spring skateboard seat 4-7 within the cavity.

In the case of no load, as shown in Figure 4-1, since the vehicle is unloaded and the weight of the whole vehicle is relatively light, only the two ends of the main plate spring 4-1 of the balance suspension are in contact with the arc surface of the upper plate spring slide plate 4-6. The radian of the balance suspension main board spring 4-1 is relatively high, and the balance shaft 4-3, the balance shaft housing 4-4 and the balance suspension sub-plate spring 4-2 are raised, so that the balance suspension sub-plate spring 4-2 has no Contact with following leaf spring slide plate 4-7, the cambered surface of both balanced suspension secondary leaf spring 4-2 and lower leaf spring slide plate 4-7 is separated, just does not have effect. The stiffness of the whole suspension is determined by the stiffness of the balance suspension main plate spring 4-1, which is relatively small. When fully loaded, as shown in Figure 4-2, due to the relatively heavy weight of the vehicle, under the action of gravity, the arc of the main spring 4-1 of the balance suspension is depressed, lowering the balance shaft 4-3, balance shaft housing 4-4 and The balance suspension sub-plate spring 4-2 eliminates the gap between the balance suspension sub-plate spring 4-2 and the contact surface of the lower leaf spring slide plate 4-7, so that the balance suspension sub-plate spring 4-2 and the lower plate Spring slide plate 4-7 contacts, and in this case, balanced suspension main board spring 4-1 works simultaneously with balanced suspension secondary leaf spring 4-2. The stiffness of the whole suspension is superimposed by the stiffness of two leaf springs of the balanced suspension main plate spring 4-1 and the balanced suspension secondary leaf spring 4-2, so the stiffness is relatively large.

Embodiment 5 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that its suspension is a rubber suspension as shown in Figure 5-1, which includes a bracket, an elastic cylindrical pin 5-2, a shaft pin assembly 5-3, Upper thrust rod bracket 5-4, bolt 5-5, middle bridge upper thrust rod 5-6, upper thrust rod beam end bracket 5-8, four beams 5-9, rear axle upper thrust rod 5-10, bolts, rear Bridge 5-12, middle bridge 5-13, shock absorber 5-15, limit block support 5-19, main spring and vehicle frame 5-27, its elastic element is main spring and auxiliary spring, main spring and auxiliary spring The spring is a rubber spring, and its shock absorber 5-15 two ends are respectively connected on the support 5-26 and the equalizing beam assembly 5-14. Four pieces of rubber main springs 5-22, the upper slopes of the left and right parts are connected to the left and right brackets 5-26 through bolts 5-21, and the lower slopes are connected to the equalizing beam assembly 5-14 through bolts 5-21 As shown in Figure 5-1 on the plane; two ends of one of the two equalizing beam assemblies 5-14 are connected to the middle bridge 5-1 through the left bracket 5-1, elastic cylindrical pin 5-2, and pin assembly 5-3 13 and the rear axle 5-12, the other two ends of the equalizing beam assembly 5-14 are connected to the middle bridge 5-13 and On the rear axle 5-12, the bracket 5-26 is connected to the vehicle frame 5-27 through the bolt 5-25 as shown in Figure 5-3; the left bracket 5-1 and the right bracket 5-7 are respectively connected through the bolt 5-16 On the middle bridge 5-13 and the rear axle 5-12, the shock absorber 5-15 is respectively fixed on the support 5-26 and the equalizing beam assembly 5-14 by the two ends of the bolt 5-20, and the shock absorber 5-15 Together with the rubber main spring 5-22, the gravity transmission is realized, and the gravity passes through the shock absorber 5-15, the vehicle frame 5-27, the bracket 5-26, the rubber main spring 5-22, the equalizing beam assembly 5-14, and the left bracket 5-1, right support 5-7 pass on the vehicle axle, and when vehicle turns, rubber main spring 5-22 also bears lateral force simultaneously. The rubber secondary spring 5-23 is connected to the lower plane of the bracket 5-26 through the bolt 5-24. There is a gap of 15 mm between the rubber secondary spring 5-23 and the upper plane of the equalizing beam assembly 5-14 when it is unloaded. Force, gap elimination, to ensure the same frequency of empty and full vehicles, to achieve ride comfort. As shown in Figure 5-2, the two ends of the upper thrust rods 5-6 of the middle bridge are respectively connected to the bridge end bracket 5-4 of the upper thrust rod and the beam end bracket 5-8 of the upper thrust rod through bolts 5-11. The two ends of the thrust rod 5-10 on the rear axle are respectively connected to the upper thrust rod bridge end bracket 5-4 and the upper thrust rod beam end bracket 5-8 by bolts 5-11, and the two upper thrust rod bridge end brackets 5-4 The bolts 5-5 are respectively connected to the middle axle 5-13 and the rear axle 5-12, and the four upper thrust rods 5-6 and 5-10 realize the longitudinal force through the rubber main spring 5-22 and the equalizing beam assembly 5-14 , driving force, and the transmission of braking force, and control the forward, backward, and lateral motions of the middle axle 5-13 and the rear axle 5-12. The rubber stop block 5-17 is installed on the stop block support 5-19 by the bolt 5-18, and the stop block support 5-19 is connected on the vehicle frame 5-27 by the bolt 5-18, so that the bridge 5- 13 and the maximum jump of rear axle 5-12 are limited, and the impact force that protection vehicle frame 5-27 makes it suffers reduces.

Embodiment 6 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that its hydraulic cylinder connection seat is shown in Figure 6-1. The oil cylinder 6-1 is connected to the oil cylinder support 6-2, and the oil cylinder support 6-2 is connected to the oil cylinder by bolts. On the bearing 6-6. Fig. 6-2 is a view in direction B after removing the oil cylinder 6-1 and the oil cylinder support 6-6. From Fig. 6-2, the structure type and welding position of the oil cylinder support 6-6 can be clearly seen. Weld the welded part oil cylinder support 6-6 that has been drilled on the cargo box front plate 6-3, and weld the front plate beam 6-5 close to the upper and lower ends of the oil cylinder support 6-6, close to the front The two ends of the plate crossbeam 6-5 are welded to the front plate longitudinal beam 6-4, so that a local frame structure is formed at the place connecting the oil cylinder support 6-6. A limit block 6-7 is respectively welded on both sides of the upper end of the oil cylinder support 6-2, which is used to bear the shear force when the oil cylinder is lifted and descended. The oil cylinder support 6-6 with two ports facing outwards of the U-shaped groove is fixed on the two parallel frames formed by the connection of two front plate longitudinal beams 6-4 and two front plate cross beams 6-5, and the frame is fixed on the cargo box On the front panel 6-3. Fig. 6-3 is a sectional view of A-A in Fig. 6-2. Mainly in order to express clearly the structural form of oil cylinder support 6-6.

Embodiment 7 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, the difference is that its cargo box flip hinge seat is shown in Figure 7-1, which is a side view of the cargo box under normal conditions of the dump truck, which reflects the end of the cargo box flip hinge seat device. , cover plate 7-1 is fixed on the hinge seat 7-5 with bolt 7-2 and spring washer 7-3, and oil cup 7-4 is installed on the hinge seat 7-5. Figure 7-2 is the A-A sectional view of Figure 7-1, as shown in Figure 7-2, the hinge shaft 7-9 passes through the hinge seat 7-5 and penetrates into the pipe 7-6, and the pipe 7-6 is welded to the sub-frame On, the pin shaft 7-7 passes through the pipe 7-6 and the hinge shaft 7-9, prohibits the hinge shaft 7-9 from rotating in the pipe 7-6, and passes through the pin shaft 7-7 with the cotter pin 7-8 for Fixed bearing pin 7-7. As shown in Figure 7-1 and Figure 7-2, the hinge seat 7-5 is welded to the bottom of the cargo box, and then the hinge shaft 7-9 is used to penetrate from the outside of the hinge seat, and its length is longer than the hinge seat, and penetrates into the pipe In 7-6, the pin shaft 7-7 passes through the pipe 7-6 and the hinge shaft 7-9, so that the pipe 7-6 and the hinge shaft 7-9 are integrated, and then the cotter pin 7-8 passes through and locks Bearing pin 7-7, to prevent the falling of bearing pin 7-7, thereby two hinge seats are connected as one, hinge seat 7-5 outside is sealed with cover plate 7-1, hinge seat 7-5 and hinge shaft 7- The lubrication of 9 is to add lubricating oil by oil cup 7-4, thus has guaranteed the long-term durability of this device. When lifting at work, along with the lifting of the cargo box, because the hinge seat 7-5 is welded on the bottom plate of the cargo box, it also rotates around the hinge axis 7-9, and the hinge axis 7-9 is connected with the pipe 7-6 are connected together, and the pipe 7-6 is welded on the sub-frame. Since the sub-frame does not move when it is lifted, the hinge shaft 7-9 and the pipe 7-6 are both The lower part of the device is in a relatively static state no matter it is lifted or not working, and it is welded with the sub-frame, thus ensuring the stable and safe lifting of the device features.

Embodiment 8 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, the difference is that its cargo box floor is a double-layer floor, as shown in Figure 8-1, it is a top view of the cargo box of a dump truck under normal conditions, on the lower floor 8-3 There are many reinforcing ribs 8-1 welded, and the upper base plate 8-2 is welded on the reinforcing ribs 8-1 to form a double-layer box bottom plate. The upper bottom plate 8-2 of the cargo box is formed by splicing 8-12 plates, and each plate is respectively welded on the reinforcing ribs 8-1 at respective corresponding positions. Fig. 8-2 is a sectional view of A-A in Fig. 8-1. The reinforcing rib 1 corresponds to the position of the crossbeam 8-4 connected to the two sides of the container, so that the reinforcing rib 8-1 is superimposed on the crossbeam 8 through the lower bottom plate 8-3. -4 on. Crossbeam 8-4 one end is fixed on box body side plate, and the other end is fixed on longitudinal beam 8-5 side. Fig. 8-3 is a B-B sectional view of Fig. 8-1. As shown in Fig. 8-3, two longitudinal beams 8-5 are fixed on the vehicle frame, and one end of a crossbeam 8-4 is welded on the side of the longitudinal beam 8-5, and the longitudinal A lower base plate 8-3 is welded above the beam 8-5. Fig. 8-4 is a C-C sectional view of Fig. 8-1. As shown in Fig. 8-4, the bottom plate 8-3 of the container is a whole plate.

When using this kind of mining dump truck with large load capacity for mining, the bottom plate of the cargo box is not easy to deform, while the cargo box mining dump truck with no upper bottom plate and only one bottom plate, the bottom plate of the cargo box is easy to deform and crack, and it needs to be repaired. The cost is high and the repair period is long, or it cannot be repaired and is scrapped. And adopt the container of this double-deck bottom plate structure, be easy to replace upper bottom plate 8-2 after upper bottom plate 8-2 is damaged, re-weld a piece of upper bottom plate 8-2 repair convenient, cycle is short, has improved working efficiency and cost is low .

Embodiment 9 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, the difference is that tire protection devices are fixed symmetrically on both sides of the rear bottom of the carriage as shown in Figure 9-1 and Figure 9-2, the guide plate seat of the tire protection device 9- 6 is a right-angled dihedron, and the slope formed by two right-angled surfaces is a guide plate 9-5 connected by fastening bolts 9-7; the guide plate base 9-6 is fixed on both sides of the outer bottom of the side plate of the cargo box by welding On the longitudinal beam 9-4, guide plate 9-5 is reliably connected with guide plate seat body 9-6 by fastening bolt 9-7.

When in use, as shown in Figure 9-1, when the dump truck is driving on the road after loading materials, the vehicle will vibrate and bump due to the unevenness of the road surface, and the materials stacked on the container 9-1 will jump over the side plate of the container Along 9-2. Under the action of gravity, the scattered material 9-3 will accelerate downward movement. When falling and hitting the guide plate 9-5 of the tire protection device, based on the rigid body collision theory and bulk mechanics theory of physics, the material 9-3 It will be powerfully thrown to the areas on both sides of the cargo box, away from the normal driving road 9-9 of the vehicle, thereby avoiding the rolling of the tires 9-8, and effectively solving the serious damage to the tires caused by gravel. Thereby reducing a large amount of materials scattered on the normal driving road of the dump truck, reducing the damage to the vehicle tires caused by the gravel scattered on the road, and greatly improving the service life of the tires.

Embodiment 10 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that it designs a new type of leaf spring skateboard seat, as shown in Figure 10-1, Figure 10-2, and Figure 10-3. Grinding cast steel parts, the seat body is a frame structure, the two ends of the lower surface of the upper plane of the seat body are downwardly convex arc-shaped surfaces, and the middle is a plane; the lower arc-shaped surface 10-1 is shown in Fig. 10-1. The upper surface of the lower plane of the seat body is an upwardly convex arc surface, such as the upper arc surface 10-9 shown in Fig. 10-1. Simultaneously control the maximum space vertical distance between the lower surface of the upper plane of the leaf spring seat body and the upper surface of the lower plane minus the gap distance left by the longest 10-3 total thickness of the leaf spring to be 18mm. There are oil passage 10-2 and oil groove 10-3 on the upper arc surface of the lower plane of the seat body, and the oil passage 10-2 and the oil groove 10-3 are connected so that grease can be injected into the oil passage 10-2 and introduced into the oil groove In 10-3, the leaf spring 10-8 is lubricated to reduce wear and tear and improve the life of the leaf spring 10-8.

When jumping on the axle, as shown in Figure 10-4, the leaf spring skateboard seat can limit itself. 10-5 is all arc-shaped, reduces impact like this, reduces the pressure that leaf spring 10-8 is subjected to, improves leaf spring 10-8 life-span.

When jumping under the axle, as shown in Figure 10-5, the leaf spring skateboard seat can also be self-limiting, and the contact point 10-6 on the lower plane of the leaf spring is in contact with the upper plane of the leaf spring when the axle is jumping off. Places 10-7 are all arc-shaped, which also reduces the impact, reduces the pressure on the leaf spring 10-8, and improves the life of the leaf spring 10-8.

In a word, the present invention defines the market of off-highway vehicles, determines the technical indicators of off-highway vehicles according to the determined market demand, and completes the design of the overall layout according to the requirements of the technical indicators at the same time, and core solves the vehicle ground system in the off-highway state .

Claims (5)

1. the method for designing of an off-highway self-discharging vehicle, which comprises at least car body, vehicle frame, power system, driving system, railway carriage, tire, brake system, it is characterized in that: its power system (1) is connected on the main car frame (8), steering swivel system (2) is connected the outside, left front of main car frame (8), suspension system (3) is connected main car frame (8) below, brake system (4) is connected the interior and outside of main car frame (8), the hydraulic ram of hoisting system (5) is connected subframe (9) above the front end and on the header board of container (6) by the oil cylinder Connection Block, container (6) is connected above the subframe (9), subframe (9) is connected above the main car frame (8) by support and connecting panel, and operator's compartment (7) is monolateral main car frame (8) left front that is arranged in; Container (6) bottom is connected with capacity of the tipping body upset free bearing device, free bearing (7-5) and the welding of container (6) bottom, hinge (7-9) passes free bearing (7-5) and penetrates pipe (7-6), pipe (7-6) is fixed on the subframe, bearing pin (7-7) passes pipe (7-6) and hinge (7-9), spring cotter (7-8) passes bearing pin (7-7) makes bearing pin (7-7) fixing, and cover plate (7-1) is fixed on the free bearing (7-5) by bolt (7-2) and bullet pad (7-3), and lubricating cup (7-4) is fixed on the free bearing (7-5).

2. the method for designing of a kind of off-highway self-discharging vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described container (6) and subframe (9) width are chosen between 2800～3800mm; Its operator's compartment (7) width is chosen between 1000mm～1500mm, and length is chosen in 1800mm-2400mm, highly is controlled between the 1480mm-1550mm; Its drive axle overall ratio should be between 8～13, and the maximum input torque that allows should be not less than 15000Nm, and wheelspan should be controlled at 2000～3000mm; Road clearance is not less than 350mm; Main car frame (8) adopts grooved end face bolted connection, and main car frame (8) width is chosen between the 1000mm-1800mm; The steering shaft axle load is greater than 8 tons, and steering resisting torque is greater than 6200Nm.

3. the method for designing of a kind of off-highway self-discharging vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described suspension system (3) is a kind of equalizer suspension frame structure, which comprises at least main spring, attaching parts, propelling rod, equalizer, various support, back axle (2-10), axle, jackshaft (2-18), bearing, vehicle frame (2-23), four crossbeams (2-24), its equalizer (2-4) is the concave shape that opening makes progress; Its main spring is rubber spring (2-1); Upper thrust rod (2-3) is the vee shape structure; Totally four of rubber springs (2-1), be connected the two ends of vehicle frame (2-23) left side equalizer (2-4) above two by bolt (2-2), be connected the two ends of vehicle frame (2-23) right side equalizer (2-4) above other two by bolt (2-2), four rubber springs (2-1) are connected on the axle housing finished surface of jackshaft (2-18) and back axle (2-10) below by bolt (2-11); Equalizer (2-4) middle part rubber shaft bearing (2-19), rubber shaft bearing lid (2-20), bolt (2-21) is connected balance shaft (2-16) two ends, balance shaft (2-16) is fixed in the balance shaft support (2-14), two balance shaft supports (2-14) are connected on the vehicle frame (2-23) by bolt (2-22), stomidium connects four lower thrust rods (2-13) end by bolt (2-15) under the balance shaft support (2-14) simultaneously, wherein the other end of two lower thrust rods (2-13) is by pin (2-17), lower thrust rod support (2-12), bolt (2-11) vertical equity is arranged in parallel in the jackshaft (2-18), and the other end of other two lower thrust rods (2-13) is by pin (2-17), lower thrust rod support (2-12), bolt (2-11) vertical equity is arranged in parallel in the back axle (2-10); Two V-arrangement upper thrust rods (2-3) end is connected on the finished surface of jackshaft (2-18) and back axle (2-10) middle part bridge package location by upper thrust rod bridge end support (2-8), bolt (2-9), bolt (2-7) and pin (2-17) respectively, and two V-arrangement upper thrust rods (2-3) other end is connected on four crossbeams (2-24) and the vehicle frame (2-23) by upper thrust rod beam-ends support (2-5) and bolt (2-6).

4. the method for designing of a kind of off-highway self-discharging vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described suspension system (3) is a kind of structure of suspension, which comprises at least upper thrust rod (3-1), upper thrust rod beam-ends support (3-2), upper thrust rod bridge end support (3-4), lower thrust rod bridge end support (3-9), support (3-11); Lower thrust rod (3-13); Jackshaft (3-14); Four crossbeams (3-15); Back axle (3-16) and attaching parts, upper thrust rod (3-1) and lower thrust rod (3-13), jackshaft (3-14) forms two four-bar linkages side by side with support (3-11), four crossbeams (3-15) by the front end that is connected four crossbeams (3-15) and the rear end of upper thrust rod fine strain of millet end support (3-2) and upper thrust rod support (3-4) and lower thrust rod support (3-9); Four upper thrust rods (3-1) two ends are connected on upper thrust rod beam-ends support (3-2) and the upper thrust rod bridge end support (3-4) by two bolts (3-17) respectively, monolateral 12 bolts (3-3) that pass through of upper thrust rod beam-ends support (3-2) are connected on four crossbeams (3-15) and the main car frame, and upper thrust rod bridge end support (3-4) is separately fixed on jackshaft (3-14) and the back axle (3-16) by six bolts (3-5) and a pin (3-6); Four lower thrust rods (3-13) end uses bolt (3-12) to be fixed on the support (3-11) respectively, the other end uses bolt (3-17) to be fixed on the lower thrust rod bridge end support (3-9) respectively, support (3-11) 14 bolts of monolateral usefulness (3-10) are connected four crossbeams (3-15) bottom, and lower thrust rod support (3-9) uses four bolts (3-7) and a pin (3-8) to be fixed on jackshaft (3-14) and the back axle (3-16) respectively; Four upper thrust rods (3-1) form splayed in the front-end and back-end of four crossbeams (3-15) respectively and arrange, four lower thrust rods (3-13) form the splayed layout in the front end and the rear end of four crossbeams (3-15) respectively, and the splayed distribution of four upper thrust rods (3-1) is opposite with the splayed opening direction that the splayed of four lower thrust rods (3-13) distributes.

5. the method for designing of a kind of off-highway self-discharging vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be connected with the hydraulic ram Connection Block on the hydraulic ram of described hoisting system (5), cylinder bracket (6-2) by bolted connection on cylinder support (6-6), the upper end of cylinder bracket (6-2) is fixed with limiting stopper (6-7), two-port U type groove cylinder support (6-6) outwardly is fixed on the parallel framework of two opposite side that connected and composed by two header board longerons (6-4) and two header board crossbeams (6-5), frame fixation is on container header board (6-3), and cylinder bracket (6-2) is connected with oil cylinder (6-1).

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