CN101484328A - Vehicle power unit designed as retrofittable axle comprising motor, battery and suspension - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a motive power device for a vehicle, which is preferably retrofittable as front or rear axle. In a first embodiment, the device comprises a chassis (301) supporting at least one electric motor (318) and attached to the vehicle suspension fixtures with mounts (302, 304). Wheel hubs (377) are suspended from the chassis (301) and driven by the at least one motor (318). Further independent claims are included for a motive power device having a controller providing launch assist and/or stability control, a motive power device having at least two motors and a clutch therebetween, a vehicle provided with these various motive power devices, a method of making a vehicle, a clutch per se and an acceleration controller.

Description

Be designed to comprise the vehicle power unit of the improved type wheel shaft of electrical motor, battery and suspension

Priority data and quote and incorporate into

The application requires the preceence of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.60/788041 that submitted on April 3rd, 2006 and the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.60/823043 that submitted on August 21st, 2006, and the full content of described temporary patent application is incorporated in this mode by reference.

Technical field

A kind of power driven system that is used for propelled vehicles has been described.The specific characteristic of the land vehicle that is fit to serve as the hybrid propulsion system of cooperating with combustion engine has been described.

Background technology

The vehicle that many types of land ability are passed through in suitable enhancing is known.The example of the land vehicle of known type comprises self-propelled vehicle (for example, the vehicle of automobile, truck, van, light cargo carrier, Light-duty Vehicle and other type).On their viewpoint of drive system, there is the basic distortion of vehicle structure.Drive system generally includes back-wheel drive, f-w-d and four wheel drive structure.Conventional engine comprises Otto cycle (applied ignition) and the diesel motor in various cylinders with vertical and horizontal orientation and the non-piston structure (for example rotation).Battery is electronic, hybrid electric and hydraulic hybrid structure is known.

The layout of wheel on vehicle is normally double-type, be that of every centering is arranged on the opposite side of the vehicle longitudinal axis (aiming to vertical with straight the place ahead of vehicle '), and can be included near the front end of vehicle one or more pairs of wheels and near the one or more pairs of wheels the rear end of vehicle.Yet the vehicle alternately end in its front end or rear end comprises single wheel, and the other end has a pair of wheel.Driving system usually in the future the moment of torsion of self-propelled system be delivered to the vehicle front place wheel (being f-w-d or " FWD "), rear vehicle end place wheel (being back-wheel drive or " RWD ") or be delivered to all road surfaces and engage wheels (being all-wheel drive or " AWD "), described driving system can comprise any other parts that this tractive force of change-gear set, compensating gear, auxiliary gear box wheel word, transmission shaft, Constant Velocity Joint and supporting generates.

In hybrid power, in so-called hybrid power in parallel structure, knownly utilize one group of wheel of internal combustion engine drives, and utilize one group of wheel of direct motor drive by road (through-the-road).

At present, a kind of structure in the most general structure that is provided by the vehicle manufacturer comprises that explosive motor laterally is installed in the FWD at front part of vehicle place.Usually, if maker it would also be desirable to provide the similar vehicles with AWD, may wish increases: 1) power take-off unit (PTU), a pair of wheel that is directed to the vehicle rear place again of the engine torque that it is available with a part; 2) transmission shaft, it should be delivered to rear wheel from PTU by part engine torque, 3) be arranged on other compensating gear between the rear wheel, and 4) two other semiaxis, it is delivered to the rear wheel each with engine torque from this other compensating gear respectively.

On the contrary, the another kind of common configuration that is provided by the vehicle manufacturer comprises that explosive motor vertically is installed in the RWD at front part of vehicle place.Usually, if maker it would also be desirable to provide the similar vehicles with AWD, then known selection comprises: 1) auxiliary gear box, and its engine torque that part is available is directed to a pair of wheel at front part of vehicle place again; 2) transmission shaft, it should be delivered to front vehicle wheel from auxiliary gear box by part engine torque, 3) be arranged on other compensating gear between the front vehicle wheel, and 4) two other semiaxis or axle assembly, it is delivered to the front vehicle wheel each with engine torque from this other compensating gear respectively.

Patent disclosure US20070034428 " Hybrid electric vehicle powertrain withtorque transfer case " shows the moment of torsion auxiliary gear box of the mixed power vehicle dynamic system that is used to have driving engine and electrodynamic source.This electrodynamic source of being made up of electrical motor and battery will drive power distribution to preceding and rear haulage wheel, and axle assembly provides four wheel drive and regenerative brake.Electrodynamic source also is used for engine starting and battery charge.

Patent disclosure WO200717719 " Hybrid traction system " shows a kind of series hybrid-power traction system with explosive motor, and this explosive motor has first and second motors and first and second drivings device.Limiting mechanism makes mechanical power can only be delivered to the wheel of vehicle by first driving device and second driving device by explosive motor.Patent disclosure WO200717043 " Drive train for a motor vehicle and method foroperating a drive train " shows a kind of driving system that is used to have the power actuated vehicle that series hybrid-power drives.The explosive motor output shaft is connected to first motor, and second electromechanics be connected to flower wheel.Electrical energy accumulator provides electric energy to first and second motors, and electric energy can supply to this electrical energy accumulator by first and second motors.Control unit is distributed power between the electrical energy accumulator and first motor.

Patent disclosure US20070023211 " Auxiliary electric drive assembly " shows a kind of auxiliary power with induction motor (IM), epicyclic reduction gear unit and diff and drives.This diff can be active or passive.Assistant drive system is front wheel spindle in rear wheel drive vehicle, and is hind axle in f-w-d vehicle.This structure has been eliminated the parts of conventional four-wheel drive system.

Patent disclosure EP1736346 " Driving device forhybrid vehicle; and hybridvehicle " shows a kind of device that is used to have the motor vehicle driven by mixed power of driving engine, and the power of this driving engine is divided into the first that is used for drive wheels and is used to generate the second portion of electric power.Pressure reduction device in the driving engine has reduced the compression in the engine cylinder, and this compression is owing to fire an engine produces.Control setup is controlled this pressure reduction device when fire an engine, the compression when reducing engine starting.

Patent disclosure JP2006264463 " Drive of hybrid vehicle " shows a kind of hybrid power and drives, and driving engine and dynamotor are provided in this driving.Be provided with the speed-changing mechanism that is positioned at the transmission gearbox on the vehicle rear-side and is connected to the crank shaft rear end.Electric case is positioned on the front end of vehicle, and rotor is connected to the front end of crank shaft.This structure allows to increase the size of dynamotor under backplane channel does not limit the situation of external diameter of dynamotor.The shape at the rear portion of described driving can be with existing engine installation consistent, make this driving can be installed under the situation that is not changing existing body structure substantially.

Patent disclosure EP1707428 " Electric motor driving system; electricfour-wheel drive vehicle; and hybrid vehicle " shows a kind of electric power 4Wdvehicle, and this vehicle has explosive motor, the output electrodynamic electrical generator of DC and this DC Electronmotive Force is converted to the inverter of the AC of driving motor.

Patent disclosure EP1698506 " Driving unit for a hybrid vehicle " shows a kind of driving that is connected to the explosive motor with starter generator, and this actuating device has the output shaft of the wheel of powered vehicle.Centrifugal clutch connects explosive motor with starter generator.A kind of method that is used to control this actuating device is disclosed.

Patent disclosure CA2548815 " Hybrid-vehicle drive system and operationmethod with a transmission " shows a kind of driving method and system that comprises the motor vehicle driven by mixed power of the explosive motor with two electrical motors.First motor/generator is connected to the output shaft of explosive motor, and the wheel transmission shaft is connected to the output shaft of explosive motor.Second motor/generator is connected to this wheel transmission shaft of drive wheels.

Patent disclosure JP2006009657 " Hybrid driving device " shows a kind of device, and this device can be limited in that the propulsive effort of vehicle changes during gear shift stage of driving device.This device has first electrical motor from power to the wheel of vehicle and second electrical motor of supplying with.Control mechanism limits the variation of propulsive effort by the moment of torsion that changes first and second electrical motors.

Patent disclosure US20050107198 " Hybrid powertrain " shows a kind of hybrid power system with driving engine of drive transmission.Gear drive is connected between this driving device and the vehicle flower wheel.The Electronmotive Force unit that comprises motor/generator is to become the relation of kinetic current in parallel to be connected drivingly with gear drive with outputting power stream from this driving device.

Patent US5,713,427 " Hybrid drive in a motor vehicle " show a kind of modular unit that comprises explosive motor and electric generator/electric motor.The housing of electric generator/electric motor for good and all is connected to motor body, and rotor coaxial be connected to crank shaft.This modular unit has the moment of torsion transmission plate of elastically deformable, and this moment of torsion transmission plate is permanently connected to the driven end of crank shaft and is permanently connected to rotor on this side by flange, and the rotor in city is installed in the generator housing rotatably.

Patent disclosure WO200452672 " Power system for dual-motor hybridvehicle " shows a kind of power system that is used for the hybrid electric vehicle of two-motor generator, and this power system comprises driving engine, motor generator, power-transfer clutch, driving device, electrokinetic cell, brake system and whole-control system.Motor generator comprises main motor-electrical generator and auxiliary motor-electrical generator.This main motor-electrical generator is connected to driving device, and auxiliary motor-electrical generator is connected to driving engine.Motor generator links to each other with electrokinetic cell.Plurality of operating modes comprises: pure motor drive mode, tandem drive pattern, drive pattern in parallel and hybrid power drive pattern and engine idle stop mode and regenerative brake.

Patent disclosure WO200437594 " Hybrid driving system for a motor vehicle " shows a kind of hybrid electric drive system with first and second motors, and this system can provide power and generating.A motor in this motor is permanently connected to the input of gear case, and attachable power-transfer clutch is arranged between the transmission shaft and each motor of combustion engine, and described motor can be connected to each other or be connected to electrodynamic source by means of Electronmotive Force control.These two motors are arranged in the same crank case.

Patent disclosure JP2004136743 " Power train structure for hybrid electricvehicle " shows a kind of dynamic structure that is used to have the hybrid electric vehicle of vehicle power output unit, when keeping driving device with respect to the installation site of vehicle body, this hybrid electric vehicle can become motor vehicle driven by mixed power.

Patent disclosure DE10246839 " Power transmission for hybrid road vehiclecan operate as parallel or series hybrid and incorporates two electricalmachines and double-plate automatic clutch " shows a kind of hybrid power road vehicle, and this road vehicle can move and comprises the self-acting clutch with two plates as parallel connection or series hybrid-power.First motor/generator is coaxial with the crank shaft of explosive motor, and its rotor is connected to this crank shaft.Power-transfer clutch is connected to planet output drive gear system.Second motor/generator is connected to the output power shaft of drive wheels.

Patent disclosure US20040050599 " Multi-axle vehicle drive system " shows a kind of driven unit that is used for the electrical motor that uses with many wheel shafts vehicle that has.The driven unit that this vehicle generally includes the driving engine that drives first wheel shaft and has the electrical motor that drives second axle drive shaft.Frequency conversion generator has by engine-driven output shaft, and electrical motor receives the outputting power from this electrical generator.Inverter is electrically connected to battery or this frequency conversion generator, and is connected to rotor.

Patent US6,638,195 " Hybrid vehicle system " show a kind of hybrid vehicle system, and this system has explosive motor that drives one group of wheel and the electrical motor that is connected to other wheel via the active clutch system.Whether be in electrical motor and the explosive motor pattern or the regenerative brake pattern of engine mode, power mode, associating according to vehicle, the active clutch system optionally engages and breaks away from.

Patent US5,172,784 " Hybrid electric propulsion system " have described a kind of motor vehicle driven by mixed power with electrical motor, and this electrical motor has fixing stator and two axial permanent magnet opposed or induction rotor, and a rotor is used for each output cardan shaft.

Patent disclosure US20030019674 " Hybrid electric all-wheel-drive system " shows vehicle, in this vehicle, a pair of wheel of internal combustion engine drives, and direct motor drive another to wheel, realized the hybrid electric all-wheel drive.Integrated starter/alternating current generator starting and auxiliary generator or generation electric power.Regenerative brake also is provided.Spinner motor with two rotors and a stator provide conventional traction motor add upper whorl axial differential/function of moment of torsion connecting device.

Patent US5492192 " Electric vehicle with traction control " has described a kind of vehicle towed Force control system, and this system comprises electrical motor and the drive system that is used for elec. vehicle, at least one flower wheel that is mechanically connected to this electrical motor and drive system, at least one non-flower wheel and the controller that is connected to this flower wheel.Electric motor drive unit is described to single driving motors of two wheels " drive " or it can be " two electrical motors of the back-to-back bonded assembly of drive wheels ... maybe can be that wherein each electrical motor is merged in two or more electrical motors in each vehicle wheel component ".

Patent disclosure US20040166980 " Transmission arrangements for hybridelectric vehicle " shows the gear transmission transmission device that is used for hybrid electric vehicle, is wherein setting up a plurality of power flow paths between driving engine and vehicle towed the wheel and between electrical motor and vehicle towed the wheel.

Patent disclosure JP2002307956 " Driving device for vehicle " shows a kind of motor vehicle driven by mixed power that uses driving engine and electrical motor, and wherein electric tools is useful on the additional function of the propulsive effort of the starter function of fire an engine and power systematic function and auxiliary engine.Electrical motor is connected by driving device transmission of power is arrived wheel with driving engine is parallel.

Patent disclosure US20020173401 " Hybrid drive system for motor vehiclewith powershift transmission " shows a kind of multi-speed transmission, and this multi-speed transmission has by engine-driven input shaft, the output shaft that is connected to driving system, electrical motor, by the planetary gear train of one or two driving in driving engine and the electrical motor.A plurality of power operation power-transfer clutchs optionally engage the parts of this planetary gear train.

Patent disclosure US20020177500 " Drivetrain for hybrid motor vehicle " shows a kind of hybrid transmissions, and this device comprises multi-speed planetary gear case, automatic shift system and motor/generator.Can operate this electrical motor of control and come drive gear casing, to set up power drive mode.

Patent disclosure US20020177504 " Power train with hybrid power source " shows a kind of dynamical system with power actuated vehicle of hybrid power driving.According to the condition of service that comprises traction condition, coasting, cold start and hot start, this dynamical system can be transformed into different gears.

Patent disclosure US20040251758 " A hybrid propulsion system for a motorvehicle " shows a kind of integrated starter generator, and this starter generator has master rotor relevant with main stator and the inferior rotor relevant with inferior stator.Free-wheel clutch is arranged between this master rotor and time rotor, allows two rotors optionally to lock onto together or along opposite hand of rotation independent operating along a hand of rotation.

Patent disclosure JP2001105910 " Hybrid driving system for vehicle " is a kind of hybrid power system, and this system cost is low and adopt the conventional design of non-hybrid vehicle powertrain usually.

Other reference of having described various hybrid power structures comprises patent disclosure JP2002370556 " Driving device for hybrid car "; People's such as Lynch patent US4,165,795; The patent US5 of Nishida, 117,931; The patent US3 of Helling, 923,115; Albright, people's such as Jr patent US4,588,040; People's such as Bates patent US5,318,142; The patent US5 of Fjallstrom, 120,282 (showing a kind of hybrid power in parallel with two electrical motors drives); The patent US4 of Hunt, 405,029 and 4,470,476 (showing hybrid power in parallel); The patent US4 of Kawakatsu, 305,254, US4,407,132 and US4,335,429 (latter shows a kind of parallel system with two motor/generator unit); The patent US4 of Shea, 180,138; People's such as Fields patent US4,351,405; The patent US4 of Kenyon, 438,342; The patent US4 of Krohling, 593,779; And the patent US4 of Ellers, 923,025; The patent US5 of Gardner, 301,764 and US5,346,031 (show have and have two power-actuated wheels of various power-transfer clutchs) with distribute torque between parts by two wheels of internal combustion engine drives; The patent US5 of Urban, 667,029 and US5,704,440; The patent US5 of Furutani, 495,906 (electrical motors that drive the explosive motor of first group of wheel and drive second group of wheel by variable ratio transmission unit); And the patent US5 of Lateur, 823,280.

As the design that mixes moving power car and the departure point of manufacturing, commercial vehicle maker uses existing internal combustion vehicle design usually.For example, maker may be desirable to provide existing model mix power distortion, and perhaps maker may be desirable to provide with motor vehicle driven by mixed power like the existing design class rather than start anew to design one.And research commercial and public sector can relate to carries out actual modification (" overturning ") to form hybrid power to the conventional vehicles of buying or offer.For example, for many years, the student has made the vehicle of this modification for energy X challenge match (Energy Challenge X) department.This research vehicle often focuses on specific performance properties standard, for example mileage.Because this modification is not subjected to consider as the design of desirable safe, the comfortable and commericially feasible product of maker etc. the restriction of item, therefore, this overturning can relate to compromise that the vehicle manufacturer can not make, for example reduction of payload capability, inner space, seat, safety and performance.In addition, the economy of this modification may relate to basic redesign with assembly unit with mechanically be connected these parts and allow the expense of optimal control.

Therefore, according to the usual manner that FWD structure with AWD or the RWD structure with AWD are provided, maker may wish to design and redesign driving system, chassis and vehicle body adapting to other parts, thereby provides the performance of upgrading, such as the different driving system of hybrid power function and all-electric driving system.This in addition modification can provide the prospect with performance and security-related supplementary features.Need under the situation minimum, provide these functional characters to existing design influence.Believe the demand that exists the drive arrangement of replenishing, this drive arrangement of replenishing can be increased to vehicle, makes the minimum that influences to overall structure, driving system, chassis and vehicle body simultaneously.In addition, have the lasting demand to following new system, no matter whether this system needs the vehicle redesign of essence and overturn, this system can both improve fuel efficiency and anti-emission carburetor, and promotes performance and safety.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of electric propulsion module and associated components, vehicle design is being carried out under the situation of minimal modifications, this electric propulsion module allows vehicle platform to be adapted to by increasing various driving features.For example, use an embodiment of this power plant module, f-w-d vehicle can be upgraded to have or not to have regenerative brake, driving engine SELF CL and restart and the four wheel drive of the hybrid power feature of starting to assist.In other example, the feature of increase can comprise any or all features and/or initiatively Stability Control (ASC), ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) (ABS) and the initiatively tractive force control (ATC) in the above-mentioned hybrid power feature.In another embodiment, can make amendment so that full electric propulsion to be provided to existing vehicle platform.

The embodiment of this electric propulsion module defines a kind of electrical axle, is used for mechanical drive system and controller, propulsion source and the energy storage of two wheels.In certain embodiments, the data bus of controller and existing vehicle carries out interface obtaining to be connected to such as those information that turns to input and speed of the wheel of power plant module drive system, to strengthen ASC, ABS and the ATC that its direct control that passes through the mechanical drive system incorporated into provides.

Mechanically, in an embodiment, the electric propulsion module is preferably come for two wheels provide power electrical motor of each wheel by adding two electrical motors.Power plant module preferably also comprises drg and suspension and suitable driving device and the driving that is used for each wheel, makes under the situation of the vehicle modification that does not have essence or " overturning ", this power plant module can be attached to the suspension hard spot of main vehicle.Preferably, this module is constructed so that also it can be assembled to the space that is not used for used load in addition.For example, module can be configured to the vehicle that replaces spare tyre cabin (tire well) and be provided with run-flat tire.

In a preferred embodiment, the electric propulsion module is used for the vehicle of upgrading, in this vehicle, power offers one group of wheel (for example) by so-called " light hybrid system ", and this light hybrid system is also referred to as " start-stop system " or " belt-alternator-starter " system.When for example stopping or being absorbed in traffic jam or stopping and when not needing power this light hybrid system closing driving engine at the signal lamp place when vehicle in the idle running phase.Starter is used for fire an engine, and in some types, starts vehicle simultaneously when engine starting.Therefore, in the light hybrid system, for fuel saving starts and stops required control thereby provided by existing vehicle design.Come motorless wheel of dislocation and relevant suspension by the propulsion die that increases electric power, this light hybrid can make light hybrid be upgraded to full hybrid power, further increases listed feature simultaneously.In addition, if the light hybrid system so constructs, then starter/alternating current generator can also pass through the regenerative brake produce power.And, be configured to the light hybrid system battery charge the light hybrid system can with the electric propulsion module interconnects, thereby provide energy to the energy storing device of electric propulsion module.

The electric propulsion module is the particular complementary combination with this light hybrid system, because it is in place to be used to the control of starting with shutting engine down in the light hybrid structure.Therefore, be not required to be the adaptation upgrading and controller is carried out other modification.Add the electric propulsion module and the performance of light hybrid system can be brought up to the performance of full motor vehicle driven by mixed power, that is to say, in full hybrid vehicle, by electrical motor or the power that independently hub electrical motor or vehicle body are installed electrical motor and provided in the wheel depend on power and live load substantially.In addition, can add regenerative brake, enhancing acceleration and other feature.

In a preferred embodiment, the electric propulsion module adopts two electrical motors.Described electrical motor can be hub electrical motor or a pair of electrical motor that is installed on the subframe between two parties and is connected to two wheels by semiaxis.Because can substitute the motor model that the changed specification with the coupling expection, the electrical motor of described installation placed in the middle can allow the easier feature modification to the electric propulsion module.And the hub electrical motor often has bigger weight, because the unsprung weight of following is to the higher rate of suspended weights, so this may have adverse effect to performance and comfort of passenger.And the electric propulsion module of the comparable employing hub of the design electrical motor of suspension electrical motor is more cheap.

In the distortion of previous embodiment, between the rotor of two driving motors of electric propulsion module, power-transfer clutch is set.This power-transfer clutch allows the rotor of two driving motors optionally to connect.In a preferred embodiment, this connection allows the selectivity of rotor to slide or lock (and therefore this, allow the selectivity of wheel to slide or lock).Power-transfer clutch can be in automatically or drive controlling under, and the performance of the acceleration that can under skid conditions, realize strengthening, enhancing or provide mechanism during positive or emergency control, to keep or recover controlling to help actuating device.In certain embodiments, two electrical motors and power-transfer clutch are integrated in the common single housing.

Description of drawings

Incorporate into and for the accompanying drawing of the component part of this specification sheets shows presently preferred embodiment of the present invention at this, and be used from general description that above provides and the detailed description one that hereinafter provides feature of the present invention is described.

Fig. 1 is the scheme drawing that illustrates according to the electric propulsion wheel shaft of preferred embodiment.

Fig. 2 is the scheme drawing of electric propulsion wheel shaft that the basic structure of additional f-w-d (FWD) vehicle is shown, and this vehicle has the inline type four-cylinder explosive motor of horizontal installation.

Fig. 3 is the scheme drawing of electric propulsion wheel shaft that the basic structure of additional back-wheel drive (RWD) vehicle is shown, and this vehicle has the V-10 cylinder internal combustion of vertical installation.

Fig. 4 is the scheme drawing that the electric propulsion wheel shaft in electric power all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle is shown.

Fig. 5 A and 5B are the cutaway views of the electric propulsion wheel shaft consistent with the embodiment of Fig. 3, and wherein the embodiment of Fig. 5 A has the electrical motor that holds respectively, and the embodiment of Fig. 5 B has two electrical motors that are arranged in single housing.

Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B show the cross sectional drawing of the magnetic clutch unit that is in disengaged and partial engagement and whole engage positions.

Fig. 7 A-7C shows forward view and the edge view according to the active and passive rotor of magnetic clutch embodiment respectively.

Fig. 8 illustrates the circuit diagram that is used for according to the actuator of the magnetic clutch of preferred embodiment.

Fig. 9 is top side view and the bottom side view with drivetrain components and subchassis of electric hardware of relevant power and control hardware with Figure 10.

Figure 11 shows the subchassis of watching from the back upper place with drivetrain components and relevant power electricity hardware and control hardware, and comprises that some hang and the view of wheel component.

Figure 12 shows the close-up illustration of some elements of Figure 11.

Figure 13 shows the top view with drivetrain components and subchassis of electric hardware of relevant power and control hardware.

Figure 14 shows the backplan with drivetrain components and subchassis of electric hardware of relevant power and control hardware.

Figure 15 shows the top view of the subchassis that removes electrical motor, power-transfer clutch and electric parts and function unit.

Figure 16 shows the side front elevation with drivetrain components and subchassis of electric hardware of relevant power and control hardware.

Figure 17 shows the lateral plan that has drivetrain components and do not have the subchassis of relevant power electricity hardware and control hardware.

Figure 18 shows the device that prevents unexpected acceleration.

Figure 19 shows the control system with sensor.

Figure 20 shows the vehicle of the feature that comprises the light hybrid structure, and wherein the subchassis assembly is installed on this vehicle.

Figure 21 A shows acceleration/accel and the velocity curve that records during city driving.

Figure 21 B shows for two different generator excitation values, the relation between clutch engagement force and the air gap, and this air gap is the air gap between generator amature and the power-transfer clutch tooth plate.

Figure 22 shows slide plate, and this slide plate forms the part in air channel with the radiator of drive electronic parts.

Figure 23 shows the electric propulsion module, has adopted the hub electrical motor in this electric propulsion module.

The specific embodiment

Referring now to Fig. 1, be arranged between the first and second side shaft S1, the S2 according to the electric propulsion wheel shaft 100 of preferred embodiment, described side shaft S1, S2 are connected to separately wheel (not shown in figure 1) rotatably with electric propulsion wheel shaft 100.Preferably, the first and second side shaft S1, S2 comprise so-called " semiaxis " or " side shaft ", and described " semiaxis " or " side shaft " can comprise short relatively transmission shaft, and this transmission shaft has Hooke's coupling or Constant Velocity Joint at arbitrary end place of each transmission shaft.In practice, this Hooke's coupling or Constant Velocity Joint are convenient to the transmission of moment of torsion via transmission shaft, and irrelevant with respect to the relative angle or the vertical relation of electric propulsion wheel shaft 100 or corresponding wheel with transmission shaft.The suspension system that this configuration of the first and second side shaft S1, S2 allows supporting wheel moves with respect to vehicle, and allows moment of torsion to be delivered to separately wheel from electric propulsion wheel shaft 100 simultaneously.

Electric propulsion wheel shaft 100 can comprise the housing (or subchassis) 102 that supports the first and second electrical motor M1, M2, and described electrical motor M1, M2 provide moment of torsion via separately the first and second side shaft S1, S2 are next to corresponding wheel respectively.The first electrical motor M1 has stator S1 and the connections fixed with respect to housing 102 and is used for the first side shaft S1 rotor rotated R1.Similarly, the second electrical motor M2 has stator S2 and the connections fixing with respect to housing 102 and is used for the second side shaft S2 rotor rotated R2.Do not need specific motor technology or layout.Here housing or subchassis are described, open-frame, sheetmetal case, glass fibre or other composite structure also can be set or can realize comprising any other structure of function of the driving of stator and rotor.

The first and second electrical motor M1, M2 can be any motor technologies, include but not limited to: permanent magnet, AC induction, switching magnetic-resistance and any other device by the electromagnetism generative power.In addition, according to available packaging volume and performance requirement, motor layout can have rotor and be positioned at stator (positive design) or rotor and be positioned at stator outer (anti-phase design).That relevant with each of the first and second electrical motor M1, M2 is the P1 of rotational position sensor separately, the P2 that substitutes in addition, and exportable indication first and second rotor R 1 of described rotational position sensor P1, P2, R2 are relative to each other or with respect to the signal such as the position of rotation of the fixing reference frame of housing 102.Certainly, the calculating based on the signal of being exported by rotational position sensor P1, P2 can provide in addition about the speed of first and second rotor R 1, R2 and the data of acceleration/accel.Rotational position sensor can be integrated among electrical motor M1 and the M2 among driving gear set G1 and the G2 or the interconnection maybe can use they come as electrical motor M1, M2 the indication position of rotation Anywhere.

The first electrical motor M1 is connected to the first side shaft S1 via first gear cluster G1 rotation, and the second electrical motor M2 is connected to the second side shaft S2 via second gear cluster G2 rotation.The first and second gear cluster G1, G2 can comprise speed reducing device or accelerating gear device or single gear than allowing moment of torsion to transfer to by second axially exporting that gear center point is determined from the axial output of electrical motor, and can comprise digital ratio rate, many ratios, single-stage, multistage or continuously variable ratio wheel word.In addition, the type of geared parts and layout can include but not limited to: planetary gear apparatus, parallel-axes gears device, vertical cut formula gear, skew bevel gear and finishing bevel gear cuter.

Although show two electrical motors in the present embodiment, described electrical motor allows differently and optionally to apply power to wheel, also can use the single electrical motor with driving device that many outputs are provided in certain embodiments.For example, described a kind of system in US patent No.6834567, its full content is incorporated herein by reference.In this system, single electrical motor rotates transmission shaft, and the moment of torsion of this transmission shaft is applied to a plurality of slip clutches, and each slip clutch is adjustable as alternative operation moment of torsion to drive a plurality of outputs.And, in other embodiments, replace motor mounting in inside, also can use to be positioned at wheel or close wheel and at the exterior hub electrical motor of suspension.

Moment of torsion from the first electrical motor M1 via the first gear cluster G1 to the transmission of the first side shaft S1 be independent of moment of torsion from the second electrical motor M2 via the transmission of the second gear cluster G2 to the second side shaft S2.Yet the moment of torsion of the first and second electrical motor M1, M2 also can be via the magnetic clutch EMC coupling that is arranged between the first and second electrical motor M1, the M2.Basically, magnetic clutch EMC comprises first running state and second running state, in first running state, first and second rotor R 1, R2 branch are opened, be that moment of torsion is not shared between the first and second electrical motor M1, M2, and in second running state, first and second rotor R 1, R2 mechanically are connected to together, with while or " locking " rotation.Alternatively, the 3rd running state of magnetic clutch EMC can provide the part of first and second rotor R 1, R2 to connect, and promptly allows limited amount slip or rotation relatively between first and second rotor R 1, the R2.Although the power-transfer clutch of electromagnetic ground operation is preferred, alternatively, other conventional power-transfer clutch for example has machinery, hydraulic pressure or pneumatically actuated dry type or wet type dish and the also alternative magnetic clutch EMC of pressure plate system to be implemented.

Among aforementioned and other embodiment described here, power-transfer clutch EMC can be substituted by hydraulic actuation, power-transfer clutch pneumatically actuated or other type.

In addition, the hub electrical motor is a kind of replacement scheme of design-calculated shown in the accompanying drawing, and this hub electrical motor can connect with described mode.In this case, electrical motor and gear cluster M1, M2, G1 and G2 can incorporate in the hub electrical motor, and allow to eliminate in other parts axle S1 and S2.In others, this embodiment can move as described above, and wherein power-transfer clutch EMC is positioned at the center.

The electron steering of electric propulsion wheel shaft 100 is preferred.In the future the signal output of spinning position transduser P1, P2 and from the control signal of vehicle interface computing machine offer the first actuator D1 corresponding to the first electrical motor M1, corresponding to the second actuator D2 of the second electrical motor M2 and corresponding to the 3rd actuator D3 of magnetic clutch EMC.Preferably, first actuator D1 control electric energy flowing, and second actuator D2 control electric energy flowing from power electronic machine second module to the second electrical motor M2 from power electronic machine first module to the first electrical motor M1.Vehicle interface electronic machine and/or drive electronic EM equipment module can be installed in the housing 102 or on, perhaps can be away from housing 102 ground settings.

In an embodiment, and electrical motor M1, M2, gear cluster G1, G2, side shaft S1, S2 and wheel carrier or wheel hub (not shown here, but for example see that Figure 13 is at 377 places) can be connected to subchassis to form from bearing unit (module).Drive electronic equipment (inverter, switch, modulate and carry electric current and distribute any other parts of a large amount of thermal loads), control hardware (Programmable Logic Controller, sensor and related elements) and propulsion source (battery, fuel cell, ultracapacitor and the energy storage that has or do not have any other type of conversion) can encapsulate or can make selected part to make up with subchassis respectively.The alternative suspension that can substitute main vehicle suspension fully or only partly substitute main vehicle suspension also can be set.The embodiment of subchassis module is described with reference to accompanying drawing after a while.These modules can be installed on the suspension hard spot, replace the existing sprung parts that they substitute thus.

Fig. 2 shows the typical case of f-w-d (FWD) structure that is used for automobile 10.According to this example, longitudinal axis L extends between preceding (head) end 10F and back (tail) end 10A along the approximated centerlines of automobile 10.Wheel shaft 12 near front end 10F is delivered to the near front wheel 12L and off front wheel 12R from inline type four-cylinder explosive motor 20A via drive axle 22A with driving torque.The operation of driving engine 22A circulation can or provide any other device of vehicle power for Otto, Diesel, Stirling, Brayton, fuel cell-electric power, steam, and can be greater or less than four cylinders, described cylinder can also be constructed to arrange or construct with " V ", " W " box-shaped or other and be arranged with array.

For replenishing the FWD structure of automobile 10, under the situation of the conventional complexity that does not redesign driving system, chassis and vehicle body, left rear wheel 14L and off hind wheel 14R can receive driving torque from the rear installed electric propulsion wheel shaft 100A of the embodiment that describes according to seeing figures.1.and.2.

Fig. 3 shows the typical case of back-wheel drive (RWD) structure that is used for automobile 10.According to this example, longitudinal axis L extends between preceding (head) end 10F and back (tail) end 10A along the approximated centerlines of automobile 10.Wheel shaft 14 near rear end 10A is delivered to left rear wheel 14L and off hind wheel 14R from V-10 cylinder internal combustion 20B via drive axle 22B with driving torque.Again, the operation of driving engine 22B circulation can and can be any suitable structure for any suitable type.

For replenishing the RWD structure of automobile 10, under the situation of the conventional complexity that does not redesign overall structure, driving system, chassis and vehicle body, the near front wheel 12L and off front wheel 14R can receive driving torque from the muzzle-loading electric propulsion wheel shaft 100F of the present invention that describes according to seeing figures.1.and.2.

Fig. 4 shows electric power all-wheel drive (E-AWD) structure that is used for automobile 10.Particularly, each the driving torque source that is used for the near front wheel 12L, off front wheel 12R, left rear wheel 14L and off hind wheel 14R is the respective electrical motivation that is positioned at rear installed electric propulsion wheel shaft 100A and muzzle-loading electric propulsion wheel shaft 100F, described rear installed electric propulsion wheel shaft 100A and muzzle-loading electric propulsion wheel shaft 100F each all according to the present embodiment that sees figures.1.and.2 and describe.The electrodynamic source (not shown) that is used for electrical motor can be one or more batteries or the fuel cell that automobile 10 carries, and perhaps can be the dynamotor that is connected to conventional explosive motor 10 that this automobile carries.

Referring now to Fig. 5 A, the most of corresponding to electric propulsion wheel shaft 100 with previous embodiment will be described now.In the present embodiment, set wheel shaft is the auxiliary rear wheel axle that is used for other FWD (f-w-d) car construction.Described as other places, system alternately is applied to the front portion of other RWD car construction, perhaps at front portion or rear portion that other battery electric vehicle or series hybrid-power are used.Alternatively, can adopt two axles to construct and realize all-electric four wheel drive structure.

The details that Fig. 5 A shows independent clutch and is arranged on the preferred embodiment of the power-transfer clutch between the described independent power-transfer clutch.Particularly, as first source of torque of stator S1 by first electrical motor and rotor R 1 example and as by the stator S2 of second electrical motor and second source of torque of rotor R 2 examples, and can connect via power-transfer clutch EMC.Stator S1, S2 are fixing with respect to housing 102 separately, and rotor R 1, R2 and spools 104 being connected rotatably separately.Bearing 106 is with respect to housing 102 bolsters 104.Although, can be two source of torque the mono-common housing be set for source of torque separately shows other housing 102 of branch.

In addition, with reference to Fig. 5 B, rotor and stator, output gear device and magnetic clutch can be contained in the single shell to reduce the lateral dimension of parts.In the embodiment of Fig. 5 B, motor field frame/framework 202 surrounds a pair of stator 215A and 215B, a pair of rotor 210A and 210B, except the effect of the power-transfer clutch 205A/205B that forms by attachment 205A and 205B, described stator to rotor all be independently to each.Each rotor 210A and 210B can have resolver 220A, 220B and separately coder 222A, 222B and output gear device 218A and 218B separately.At least, compare with power-transfer clutch, have the independent rotor of corresponding stator and the possibility that the combination of power-transfer clutch in common housing provides the maximal axial extension that reduces assembly with the electrical motor that holds respectively.This is allowing to have big advantage aspect the bigger suspension travel, because can reduce the angle of the semiaxis of (or this space is occupied Anywhere) between the CV joint.Correspondingly, be provided with in order to any ball spline or the inserted sleeve that adapt to suspension travel and needn't on so big scope, work, perhaps in certain embodiments, might eliminate needs allowing axle to extend.Note that as used in this term semiaxis is not intended to comprise specific size in essence.

Referring now to Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B, the embodiment of power-transfer clutch 250 is Electromagnetically actuated, but can replace by the actuator with hydraulic actuator, pneumatic actuator or other type making amendment.Magnetic clutch 250 comprises one or more stator winding 254 and active armature loop 252, and described stator winding 254 and armature loop 252 form electrical generator together.By one or more rectifier 262 rectifications (converting DC to) afterwards, one or more excitation coils 270 are from active armature loop 252 received currents.An electrical motor connects so that active rotor 280 rotates around hub 264.Another electrical motor is connected to has a passive rotor 282 of 256, and when electric current flowed in excitation coil 270, described 256 attracted to excitation coil 270.256 and core 250 of excitation coil 270 can limit magnetic circuit, right overhead 256 near and when contacting core 251, this magnetic circuit is finished.256 remain on position shown in Figure 6 by spring 266.When excitation coil 270 was subjected to encouraging, as shown in Fig. 6 B, 256 attracted to excitation coil 270, thus compression spring 266.As a result, such as the surface on the surface 257 on 256 with excitation coil 270 can contact with each other so that active and passive rotor 280 and 282 is shared moments of torsion, tend to make them to assemble towards common rotative speed.Tooth 258 and 260 can be configured such that active and passive rotor 280 and 282 locks onto together, makes their speed suitably mate.

Surface 257 can provide and can allow the frictional engagement of sliding.Alternatively, active and passive rotor 280 and 282 can be provided with other mechanism (braking), is used for forming between them resistance.For example, can use magnet and non-magnetic conductor that magnetic brake is provided, when spring 266 was partly compressed, described magnet and non-magnetic conductor were got together and mutual action.When spring is compressed more fully by sending high electric current via excitation coil, but the tooth full engagement, thus lock passive and active rotor 280 and 282.For example, shown in Fig. 7 A, 7B and 7C, magnet array 288 is staggered with the tooth 296 of the plate of arranging along the face of passive and active rotor 280 and 282 292.When passive and active rotor 280 and 282 when close to each other, the tooth of plate 292 is assembled in the gap 298 between the permanent magnet 294, staggered with the magnetic field of permanent magnet array 288 progressively thus, cause by the caused magnetic braking effect of the induction of vortex flow in the tooth 296.

For the electric current in the induced excitation winding 270, stator 254 is encouraged.Now in addition with reference to Fig. 8, during generator unit stator 254 (754 among Fig. 8) in excitation Fig. 6 A, 6B, in generator windings 750 (illustrated three among Fig. 8, but can have more or less generator windings), induce electric current.Then, this electric current is by corresponding rectifier 262 (752 among Fig. 8) rectification, and offers excitation coil 270 (756 among Fig. 8), and this makes the bias force of passive rotor 282 antagonistic springs 266 and is shifted, so that part is to fully engaging with active rotor 280.Figure 21 B shows for two different generator excitation values---corresponding to 200 watts of curve 31 and corresponding to 112.5 watts of curve 33---clutch engagement force and the relation between the air gap, this air gap is the air gap between active and passive rotor 280 and 282.

Note that power-transfer clutch 250 can be any suitable clutch designs known in the art or the following developable power-transfer clutch that locking and/or slip ability are provided at least.Preferably, use locking type power-transfer clutch with alternative moment of torsion transmission.Such power-transfer clutch can be hydraulic pressure, electromagnetism, wet type or dry type.

Be in operation, the nominal effect of electric propulsion module 100 is to be used for electrical motor M1 to provide driving torque to left rear wheel 14L, and is used for electrical motor M2 and provides driving torque to off hind wheel 14R.Electrical motor M1, M2 are respectively a left side and right wheel provides moment of torsion independently.Yet, under particular condition, for example during inclement weather, when the vehicle deficient in stability or when wishing to start to assist when improving acceleration capability, according to the control signal that is provided by vehicle interface control, the left side of electric propulsion module 100 and right side part can be connected or lock onto together.The instruction of lock-up clutch can be controlled according to the automatic or manual instruction input of temperature (for example, the temperature under the fault value of the freezing situation of expression), rain sensor (automatic windscreen wiper binary pair uses this sensor), the bootable command switch of user, the wheel sliding detection of indicating the situation that slides or any other type and provide automatically.

Example mechanical and electric assembly comprises the following parts that can be provided for electric propulsion module 100.Two electrical motors, for example the electrical motor of two 13kW (peak value) is positioned near the wheel.Alternatively, the hub electrical motor can be arranged in the on-electric machine parts wheel driven by electric propulsion module 100.Motor control software and drive electronics preferably to be arranged on integrated main and the embedded system of final controllable function in.Preferably, this is provided by programmable computer module and the relevant drive electronic equipment that is used for final controller.Hardware and software can comprise vehicle interface (comprising sensor) and Control Software.For example, the interface with existing vehicle bus allows to be applied to wheel velocity, turns to, the controller input of braking and throttle input.Other sensor can be set maybe can be used for realizing expecting the input of any type of controlling schemes to detect vehicle driftage, acceleration/accel, moving velocity.

Note that herein and other places, the wheel speed of controller response, turn to, braking and throttle input can be directly obtain by sensor or by the sensor of indication alternate source.Therefore can be when controller algorithm and hardware are discussed with reference to these incoming signals, expected is also can or alternately to use the signal that is equal to.For example, replace directly detecting wheel velocity, can with sensor configuration for the speed that detects axle, motor rotor or angle position or other parameter that can make up with other data such as clock signal to obtain essentially identical information.For example, wheel velocity can be used to determine whether to occur the situation of sliding.Same situation also can be indicated the unexpected variation of time by shaft speed or motor rotor speed or displacement.Similarly, but turn to input direction of passage dish input or indicate, obtain the information that is equal to thus by being connected to such as the sensor of the output actr of steering link.Again for example, can from the throttle valve position of air-distributor pressure or explosive motor, obtain the equivalent of throttle input, perhaps obtain by throttle pedal coder or other direct input pickup.Therefore, when discussing in this manual, can directly measure such as these and other input or can detect and use them be equal to the input of information as the controller discussed.

The energy storage system that comprises rechargeable battery also is provided in the current example and has been used to manage charging and discharging function, the balance of series-connected cell and the battery management electronic machine and the software of heat management.The energy stream that electrical generator is used for the recharging of battery, stable state can be set.Electrical generator can be can be as the electrical generator of electrical motor or generator operation, thus may command assist so that extra starting to be provided, further be that two electrical motors increase electric power.Can also provide generator function by electrical motor.Also comprise the mechanical type drive element, for example the transmission shaft between reducing gear, electrical motor and the drive wheel (extensible or regular length).Preferably, also comprise interface element, described interface element allows to communicate by letter with existing vehicle data systems (for example data bus of vehicle).Also comprise continuous variable and/or locking magnetic clutch, to substitute the output shaft that connects each electrical motor with selecting.Be provided with drg, drg of each wheel or wheel carrier.

The example power of passenger vehicle and other range of sizes are as follows.When torque converter when full throttle starts to engage during the car speed of about 40mph, the electric propulsion module that is increased to existing internal combustion engine drives vehicle can increase can be delivered to ground-surface total available vehicle torque 25% and 60% between.In another embodiment, when being under 0.7 the condition of road surface during at friction coefficient up to 30mph, the available torque that is increased total available vehicle torque 30% and 50% between, and can be more when surface friction coefficient is reduced to 50%.In another embodiment or variant, under the situation of great friction coefficient, provide and start to assist, comprise that with basic vehicle comparing (for example pick-up time of 10 seconds 0-60mph) increases at least 2 seconds improvement in the pick-up time of 0-60mph.

In the distortion of previous embodiment, the size that the electric propulsion module is set is to provide at least 1/2 the system torque that reaches 40mph at least and General Logistics Department's driving torque to a wheel at every turn, and/or in the power-transfer clutch full engagement to the single trailing wheel on the surface by enough great friction coefficients just, and under the situation of the positive green phase of relative wheel to the surface of low-friction coefficient, reach 100% of General Logistics Department's driving torque.Preferably, moment of torsion is variable with controlled.

In another distortion, the size that the energy storage system of overall system can be set is started for reaching 10 continuous 0-60mph to recharge prerequisite at needs.

In addition, complete electric propulsion module 100 provides appropriate interface can start-stop with the cylinder deactivation system with explosive motor and to operate in full hybrid power system (that is, playing independent electric motors/driving engine combination of hybrid power source effect) compatibility on the complete independent axle of vehicle.Described as other places, for the interface of engine starting-stop to provide can be arranged in the light hybrid basic vehicle, reduce the complexity that connects vehicle and electric propulsion module.

Vehicle and electric propulsion module by combination can provide following three kinds of operational modes at least.The first, when the instruction explosive motor kept shutting down, under the auxiliary situation that does not have from explosive motor or other driving engine and power system, electrical axle was as promoting mainly into driving operation.This pattern permission system provides " plug-in type " hybrid power function.The second, according to the torque demand of actuator, electric propulsion module 100 provides power concurrently with relative explosive motor or hybrid power live axle, and starts to strengthen or carry out as the all-wheel drive function as quickening.The 3rd, electric propulsion module 100 is moved as the series hybrid-power of the electrical generator that has existing starter/alternating current generator or be provided with in addition, this electric propulsion module 100 is installed so that vehicle is upgraded (in this case, when powered vehicle, if driving device can keep the neutral gear setting or driving device is not provided, then driving engine and electrical generator only are used for generating).

Figure 20 shows the common characteristic of many embodiment described here, in this accompanying drawing, vehicle 608 has for two wheels 602 provide the main drive system 610 of power and are used for two other additional device of taking turns (or hard spot) 626, and described two other taken turns and be attached to additional device 626 usually.For example, additional device 626 can be suspension shackle or only be the strengthening part of the uni-body of vehicle 608.Propulsion die 640 has subchassis 635, and this subchassis 635 has and is configured to the anchor fitting 630 that cooperates with additional device 626, thereby allows subchassis 635 to be attached to additional device 626.More specifically, spacing, size, shape, quantity and the locations complementary of the spacing of anchor fitting 630, size, shape, quantity and position and additional device 626, thus allow subchassis 635 to be attached to target vehicle 608 at the additional device place.Subchassis 635 can form have one or more electrical motors 620 with drive wheels 622 from bearing unit.In a preferred embodiment, as discussed, wheel 622 is exported 632 individual drive by the driving that can control respectively of independent electrical motor or single electrical motor, and two embodiment symbolically represent at 620 places.

In a preferred embodiment, a pair of wheel 602 for example front axle wheel 602 supply with power by light hybrid system (being also referred to as start-stop system or belt-alternator-starter system).In drive system shown in Figure 20 610 is that a kind of like this light hybrid drives in this case, has controller 604 usually, and these controller 604 control starters drivings 606 and driving engine (not illustrating separately) are to provide the light hybrid function.

In the light hybrid system, when vehicle stops and when throttle is not asked power, cuts out such as the main motor of explosive motor, and main motor starting when throttle request power.In response to the power request in the light hybrid system, the starter/alternating current generator of combination engages immediately, and engine starting.During this process, according to design details, driving engine can be started by self-starting motor, and driving engine engages with driving system simultaneously, makes the rotation of driving engine and wheel drive system thus simultaneously.Thereby, provide at the initial start-up that driving engine is taken place when stopping to operation conditions by self-starting motor.

In many this systems, starter/alternating current generator can be greater than the starter generator of routine, operate in than under the higher line electricity stagnation pressure of 12 volts of common in vehicle systems, and provide and 12 volts of conventional charge functions that alternating current generator is identical to the DC conv by DC simultaneously.During braking, starter/alternating current generator can also produce power, and this energy is stored in the battery pack, uses in above-mentioned launch modes subsequently.

In the embodiment of light hybrid, subchassis 635 is set with the slight mixed function of upgrading, thereby powerful (or complete) hybrid power function is provided, provide in addition start to assist, four wheel drive and other regenerative brake function.Subchassis and are particular complementary combinations with this light hybrid system such as the associated components of controller 605 and battery and drive electronic equipment 607 is because it is in place at the light hybrid structure to be used for the control of starting with shutting engine down.Other subchassis system can make the performance of light hybrid system bring up to the performance of full hybrid vehicle, in this full hybrid vehicle, by electrical motor or independently in the wheel hub electrical motor or the power that is installed in the electrical motor on the vehicle body and provides depend on power and live load substantially.That is to say regenerative brake, the active Stability Control of quickening and start to assist, use the particular type of electrical motor and appended drg, ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) control, tractive force control and four wheel drive/all-wheel drive function.As mentioned above, these features provide by means of subchassis 635 with such as the associated components of one or more electrical motors 620, controller 605, battery and drive electronic equipment 607.In alternate embodiment, associated components one or more, promptly battery and drive electronic equipment 607 and controller 605 can be attached to subchassis 635 (shown in dotted line).Although be depicted as one unit, battery and drive electronic equipment 607 can be individual components, and each in the described individual components or two can be fixed to subchassis 635.

Therefore, in the light hybrid of so upgrading, will exist controlling and driving 610 and starter to drive 606 controller.Independent control 605 provides the other function of mixing subchassis 640 and associated components.In alternate embodiment, controller 604 can use the end-effector by controller 607 controls to replace, and allows controller 607 to take over the control of wheel drive 610 and starter driving 606 thus.

Alternatively, slight mixture control can replace with special controller, and this controller makes that when vehicle was advanced by electric propulsion system, the maintenance of internal-combustion engine function was closed during operation power pattern only.Only electric model can be according to prior art or as calling as described in the other places in this specification sheets for this.And, in so-called plug-in type mixed system, can manually or automatically incite somebody to action only electric model instruction by user's control is preference pattern, in this plug-in type mixed system, when battery electric quantity was reduced to certain level, motor battery can charge at the driving engine that the outside vehicle utilization is just being used.

According to various embodiment, the electric propulsion module only uses driven by power and a kind of equipment that the single-wheel torque management is provided, when receiving when instruction, this equipment allows energy to arrive arbitrary wheel by electrical motor independently and with part or all of " locking " features convey that two motors link together.Hereinafter relate to overall system, the overall control of system and the method for use " locking " feature when vehicle condition satisfies following situation one or more with the description in other places: (1) is detected wheel slipping under drive pattern; (2) go off course with the vehicle that turns to input to compare of chaufeur; The error fault value and/or the locking lateral means that surpass the permissible variation moment of torsion keep vehicle stabilization to revise yaw error; (3) automatically or by starting subscriber switch detect cross-country pattern,, draw and/or cross-country function thereby improve low-friction coefficient (explosive motor/snow) so that two drive wheels " locking " are arrived together; Or (4) detect high power and " start " pattern (high level acceleration request and almost do not detect turn to input), allows the system lock lateral torsion to generate improving initial traction force, thereby cause maximum acceleration/accel.Also can detect departing from of (or manually calling) and above-mentioned condition the wheel torque coupling that is provided by power-transfer clutch is provided or oppositely.

According to embodiment, when being increased to the hind axle of other f-w-d vehicle (self drives by routine or hybrid power drives), the electric propulsion wheel shaft provides additional AWD system for the existing vehicle design that does not comprise the AWD system.Starting on the back and the condition of road surface of left-to-right AWD function, height and low-friction coefficient assisted before this comprised, and compared with the vehicle that does not have the AWD system, by means of mixed function, improved AWD performance can be provided and be equal to or better fuel efficiency.

Except above-mentioned points, as the described herein, the electric power wheel shaft can provide benefit at design aspect, in this design, electrical axle is incorporated in the original vehicle design, rather than is replaced to the existing power wheel shaft with its upgrading.Therefore, will not be interpreted as the task of being limited to vehicle modification by embodiment.

According to preferred embodiment, to compare with system known per, the electric propulsion wheel shaft provides the benefit of hybridization and fuel efficiency, has improved the acceleration of vehicle, and incorporates the ability that AWD function and single-wheel torque management strengthen as the safety to particular vehicle into.Comprise that vehicle structure according to the electric propulsion of these preferred embodiments may be not to be developed the sole mode that the AWD system is provided with the vehicle of accepting other mechanical AWD system for those.

According to these embodiment, a kind of electronically controlled magnetic clutch is provided, when being subjected to encouraging, this magnetic clutch can lock onto two electrical motor outputs together or moment of torsion is delivered to relative output semiaxis changeably from an electrical motor, in addition, connect electrical motor, perhaps incorporating under the situation of motor-in-wheel, electrical motor is contained in their wheels separately independently.

According to these embodiment, each electrical motor is implemented as stator and adds rotor and add position transduser.

According to these embodiment, not needing specific motor technology---electrical motor can be motor technology arbitrarily, includes but not limited to: permanent magnet, AC induction, switching magnetic-resistance and any other device by the electromagnetism generative power.In addition, according to available packaging volume and performance requirement, motor layout can have rotor (noninverting design) or rotor (anti-phase design) outside stator in stator.

According to these embodiment, each side shaft can be the semiaxis with suitable Constant Velocity Joint and associated adapter, and described joint fixedly rotating member (electrical motor output) is connected to suspension flower wheel/tire.In an embodiment, semiaxis is extendible, for example ball spline shaft.

According to these embodiment, the electric propulsion wheel shaft provides the single-wheel torque management, and similar with the yaw stability control based on braking, this has strengthened safety.Realize this point, can use event trigger that controller is programmed, described event trigger calls initiatively Stability Control usually, for example turns to the fault value error of input (with the prediction yaw speed of following) to measured yaw speed.Yet, according to situation, by applying forward to wheel or oppositely directed moment of torsion, rather than to the wheel brake activation, can each separately the wheel place of control generate the moment of torsion of braking effect is provided or cause around the moment of vehicle's center of gravity forward and moment of torsion backward or raising or enhancing forward and gradeability backward.

According to these embodiment, the system that comprises the electric propulsion module can be used to provide the main drive wheel axle for other battery electric power or series hybrid-power electric structure.

Referring now to Fig. 9 to 17, the embodiment of subchassis, driving and control assembly can be assembled to usually by in the occupied space of spare tyre.This assembly has been indicated travel direction shown in the different views in each accompanying drawing, this travel direction is all represented constant orientation for all views.Subchassis assembly 300 comprises the electrical motor with sensor, an electrical motor is used for each of left back (LR) and right back (RR) wheel, and described sensor is that for example coder, temperature sensor, resolver, electricity interrupt and/or sensor, end-effector, controller or the interface unit of other type; The electromagnetic coupled power-transfer clutch, it optionally connects two direct motor drive outputs; Battery module; Controller, it comprises the drive electronic equipment (controller is used for each electrical motor) that is used for electrical motor; The battery management controller; The suspension that is used for each wheel; Be connected to the output gear device and the driving of hub; Hub (more generally, " wheel carrier "); Supporting is called as the framework of the driving device parts of subchassis.

Control and battery management can be configured to one or more independently assemblies and can away from, close or be integrated in the subchassis.At least, preferred subchassis assembly 300 comprises project 1 (two electrical motor and associated components), 2 (connection), 6 (suspensions), 7 (output drivings), 8 (hubs) and 9 (subchassis).

Battery module 310 provides power to the electrical motor 318 of subchassis assembly 300. Power plant module 312 and 314 comprises the high galvanic element of power controller, inverter, switch and any other expectation.Power plant module 312 and some parts of 314 may distribute a large amount of heat.For handling thermal load, radiator 340 can be set.In preferable configuration, the air-flow that utilizes vehicle periphery is located and be orientated to one or more radiatores 340.In the example depicted in fig. 10, it is directed and directly outstanding in a downward direction that the blade of radiator 340 is parallel to the travel direction of vehicle, make vehicle below by air flow along the direction that is basically parallel to radiating gill.Consider vehicle type, comprise suspension height, the car speed when load and influence load and any other situation of flow pattern, under the peak hook load condition, preferably the radiating gill of radiator 340 is alignd with flow pattern.

In one embodiment, as shown in figure 22, the radiating gill 710 of radiator (or other surperficial accretion; for example swell) can be by slide plate 712 protections; this slide plate 712 also defines air channel 716 to 718, thereby during to overtake, on air suction and guiding radiating gill 710.As a result, cool off thermal component 705 effectively such as drive electronic equipment.Slide plate 712 can have breather port and can be configured as ram air, thereby utilizes the kinetic pressure of air to force air to flow on the radiating gill 710 of radiator 340.In addition, slide plate 712 also can provide other parts of protection such as electrical motor 704 and such as the radical function of the drive element of the transmission shaft 706 of the wheel 702 of driver module propulsion die 100.

See best in Figure 16 as Figure 13, but to Figure 17, subchassis assembly 300 has the subchassis framework 301 of main supporting motor 318, the interconnection power-transfer clutch between electrical motor 318 (invisible in the accompanying drawing) and suspension and drivetrain components with reference to Fig. 9 that alternative view is provided in continuation.In an illustrated embodiment, electrical motor 318 is seated at by lateral support member 303 and is limited in the box-shaped portion 307 of the left side and the subchassis frame 387 on right side.The box-shaped portion 307 of subchassis frame 301 is limited in front side and rear side by preceding supporting member 321 and back supporting member 393 respectively.Lateral support member 303 has the hard spot frame 302 that is positioned at its end.Back supporting member 393 has extension 305, and this extension 305 has the hard spot frame 304 that is positioned at its end.Four hard spot framves 302,304 are installed to the part separately of the vehicle of attached conventional suspension, thereby permission subchassis assembly is installed under the situation of minimal modifications and incorporated in the conventional vehicles.

As seeing that best structural elements 320 is provided as the main seat frame that is used for electrical motor 318 among Fig. 9,15 and 16.Structural elements 320 supporting member 321 in the past extends upward.Preferably, structural elements 320 also provides barrier between heavy-duty motor 318 and Fuel Tank 308, to improve safety and crashworthiness.The main seat frame of electrical motor 318 is positioned on the structural elements 320, connects the front side of electrical motor 318, but electrical motor 318 also is attached to back supporting member 393 at its rear side by support 346.Although this support reduces the moment that is applied to structural elements 320 for electrical motor 318 provides other supporting with high pulling torque and the help of handling by electrical motor 318 generations under peak demand, other device also can be used to solve the moment of torsion generation of electrical motor 318 for vehicle structure.Preferably, this device distributes near the torque load the overall structure 303, so that the moment minimum that is produced by torque load.Can adopt noise and vibration to isolate between electrical motor 318 and overall structure 303, for example rubber is isolated.

In a preferred embodiment, suspension 327 (only showing the right side among the figure) can with original vehicle design in used identical, in this original vehicle design, vehicle is only by preceding internal combustion engine drives.The dynamic characteristic that can preferably keep original suspension at least is to avoid influencing unfriendly the road-holding property of vehicle.Yet, can comprise that revision, modification and brand new suspension system are with the conventional suspension that replaces vehicle (and can comprise that various parts and overall structure are to carry out the function similar to present embodiment).Answering from the aforementioned feature of accompanying drawing and parts in the understandable layout, suspension 327 comprises various connecting rods 324, spring 326, Control arm 342 (although show a Control arm 342, two parallel Control arms being set usually preferably).

Driving system comprises transmission shaft 366, and this transmission shaft 366 is connected to semiaxis 360 by inboard constant speed (CV) joint 362.Transmission shaft 366 is driven by the outgoing side of the reducing gear 306 that is connected to motor output shaft (invisible in this group accompanying drawing).Semiaxis 360 connects by the outside CV joint 364 that is connected to hub 377.Driving system also comprises electrical motor 318 and makes the power-transfer clutch (invisible) of electrical motor 318 interconnection.The operation of electrical motor 318 and power-transfer clutch and machinery and electric aspect are as mentioned referring to figs. 1 through described in the discussion of Fig. 5.

Figure 23 shows the electric propulsion module, in this electric propulsion module, adopts the hub electrical motor to replace as the inboard electrical motor among Fig. 1.Here, except electrical motor M1, M2; Gear drive G1, G2; And outside notch indicator P1, P2 incorporated in separately the hub electrical motor 740, schematic layout was identical with the layout of Fig. 1.The same with inboard electrical motor, hub electrical motor 740 can have transmission shaft 744, and this transmission shaft 744 is connected to magnetic clutch EMC.In this case, although use hub electrical motor 740, still can as among the embodiment of Fig. 1, between hub electrical motor 740, share moment of torsion.Although do not describe in detail, the moment of torsion output that can be connected to transmission shaft 744 can be provided by suitable design-calculated hub electrical motor.

According to embodiment above, the whole drive unit suspension of unifying can be only be installed to the point that only is used for installing suspension in standard construction by the modular construction with subchassis assembly 300 and be assembled to existing platform.The structure of suspension attachment point or hard spot can change according to vehicle, but the basic element of character of desired structure can be provided with in various vehicles, wherein this structure be from supporting and provide mounting for the whole drive unit wheel suspension (comprising electrical motor and wheel word) of unifying.In specific preferred embodiment, electrical motor is independently, and drives in revolver and the right wheel each independently.In another preferred embodiment, independently rotor and stator are contained in single shell and the supporting jointly.In this embodiment, preferred power-transfer clutch also is contained in this single shell jointly.In the advantageous version of this embodiment, this embodiment that holds electrical motor jointly comprises at least one in the add ons of describing with reference to Fig. 5 B.

As shown in the embodiment of above-mentioned subchassis assembly 300, subchassis can be configured to that the trailing wheel portion for f-w-d vehicle provides simple and easy replacement under the situation that need not significantly redesign.In preferable configuration, subchassis 300 has occupied common by spare tyre and/or by existing mechanical AWD system and/or the only independent occupied space of sprung parts, makes redesign thus or re-construct to minimize.Energy storage system and electronic machine take usually by the shared zone of spare tyre, and this zone forms the cabin portion of extending and being separated by removable panel and capacity weight zone usually under the capacity weight zone.Modification to vehicle body is realized to eliminate this cabin in border that can be by revising capacity weight, thereby provides the space for electric propulsion module 100.For example, this can be by designing new automobile body part or by cutting away this cabin and the capacity weight limited section that the base plate that raises is installed to vehicle being carried out.

By removing the spare tyre cabin, can avoid demand by using run-flat tire to spare tyre.Therefore, be installed among the embodiment of existing hard spot at subchassis, subchassis be from supporting and be contained in the required in addition space of spare tyre substantially or between the wheel cabin but the space under common luggage or goods memory space.This embodiment preferably comprises the assembly of run-flat tire or spare tyre in the position that transmission shaft kept that is generally mechanical AWD system.

Because horizontal space is taken by subchassis, can limit the length of the suspension arm that breaks away from suspension system, make for the demand of long suspension travel more difficult.This is because the length of two electrical motors 318 and other drive train element.If the angle of pivot of semiaxis 360 need be crossed over wide region so that high-stroke to be provided, then the size of two electrical motors 318 and other drive train element can reduce as described above.Also can see below Figure 22 and use the hub electrical motor describedly.In addition, or alternatively, insert joint or ball spline shaft and can be used as semiaxis 360 to adapt to the wide hunting range of semiaxis 360.

As seeing best among the embodiment of Fig. 9-17, these embodiment are pro rata substantially, and electrical motor 318 and outboard gears device 306 occupy and be no more than about 60% of distance between the CV joint 364 of the outside.In a preferred embodiment, reducing gear 306 can be incorporated electrical motor 318 into, thereby reduces the overall width of system.Output shaft 366 is made shortly as far as possible, so that the distance between inboard and outside CV joint 362 and 364 is approximately 20% of distance between a left side and the right outside CV joint 364 at least, and is preferably 25%.

Subchassis assembly 300 is installed, is usually needed to connect the brake fluid pressure pipeline, but by among the embodiment of brake-by-wire, can electricity ground or wirelessly or by other signal communication media provide signal.

Although in the embodiment of subchassis assembly 300, structure support is provided by beam-like element, in alternate embodiment, main supporting can be provided by sheet metal structure (case that for example has removable panel) more closely.Preferably, this structure is shaped as and allows electrical motor or the electrical motor combination baggage container by vehicle to shift out or fall from below.

As mentioned above, control system can be provided with the ability that drives electric wheel increases the AWD function to be installed to by the subchassis assembly 300 that will have suitable control in the conventional FWD vehicle.For example, this function can comprise electronic stability control.In this case, preferably the steering position coder is installed and is connected to the handling maneuver of controller with the indication chaufeur.The subchassis control system can be provided with the yaw acceleration of accelerometer with the indication vehicle.Under this background, except described tractive force control and performance enhancement characteristic, can also strengthen for vehicle increases tangible electronic stability control.According to preferred embodiment, based on the driftage that is detected (from accelerometer) with turn to input, trailing wheel is helped control vehicle by the moment of torsion that changes wheel.If the rate of change of driftage is not corresponding with the variation that turns to input, then controller calculating will be applied to the deviation moment of torsion of electrical motor 318 to carry out correction.The algorithm that is used for this Stability Control is known at conventional AWD.Therefore will details not described in detail.In the embodiment that is proposed, a part of wheel that comprises in the subchassis assembly 300 is applied the deviation moment of torsion.Turn to error between calculation expectation yaw speed that the given car speed of input produces and the measured vehicle yaw speed based on chaufeur, the deviation moment of torsion is applied to the wheel of subchassis assembly, thereby revises the rotative speed of vehicle automatically.

With reference to Figure 18, for preventing unexpected acceleration or vehicle startup, throttle 406 is configured to generate the signal from a pair of opposite polarity of contact brush supporting 410, this contact brush supporting 410 is connected to two rheostats, and described rheostat is depicted as the contact brush 412 and 414 of contact opposite polarity resistor 402 and 404.When throttle when a direction moves, it produce simultaneously from resistor 402 and 404 each the voltage signal of increase and the voltage signal of reduction.As a result, if one or two signal path 417 or 419 since with voltage or ground-surface be connected or owing to the variation of the loss in voltage in the signal path 417,419 damages, then another signal path 417,419 can provide the competition electric signal that can be used for discerning fault.

Connect signal path 417 with its signal application to first controller 415, and connect secondary signal path 419 with its signal application to second controller 420.This first and second controller can be a controller arbitrarily, comprises actr, sensor, controller or the frequency converter of battery management controller, motor controller, supervisory controller, user interface controller and/or other type.

In response to the signal separately from throttle, first and second controllers 415 and 420 each generation are from the indication of the indication acceleration request of chaufeur.This indication can be the indication of for example representing the digital quantity value of the voltage on the signal path 417,419.Driving governor 430 receives the signal from first and second controllers 415 and 420, and determines that described signal is whether in predetermined tolerance.If then driving governor 430 is carried out the acceleration of being instructed.If not, then can carry out multiple action, comprise generation alarm signal, inactive electric propulsion system, stop explosive motor, brake activation, make vehicle be in neutral gear or above-mentioned combination in any.

The monitoring function that note that driving governor can be carried out by in first controller 415 and second controller 420 any.In this case, driving governor still can exist, but it can receive only a signal.In addition, first controller can be compared with its calculating by the data of second controller of monitoring on the multiplex bus, with the data of second controller and be executed instruction incoming signal is taked to move.The 3rd module can be in the decision loop, if the 3rd module may command explosive motor is complementary to the information of the throttle signal of first controller and second controller then receives instruction from first controller.

With reference to Figure 19, direct motor drive computing machine 520 is carried out feedforward control scheme or algorithm, to increase the acceleration of moment of torsion with level and smooth vehicle according to algorithm during the gear shift of driving device.In addition, if this scheme can be used to reduce moment of torsion to guarantee during the gear shift of automatic driver or manual gear shifting is not changed to next higher gear, embedded system can not make driving engine to be higher than the speed rotation of desired speed.

Preferably, with such as the storage of the data cell form of look-up table (LUT) 515, this look-up table 515 can provide and calibrates for vehicle model or for unique vehicle with algorithm.Direct motor drive computing machine 520 is corresponding to digitial controller, and this digitial controller is produced as vehicle provides power required waveform.During gear shift, the automatic or manual driving device of vehicle will cause the instantaneous variation of vehicle acceleration.By determining the vehicle multiplex networks that acceleration/accel is used for shift signal to curve or the monitoring of time for various situations in advance, this direct motor drive is calculated output torque that function regulates it to offset undesirable component of acceleration.The acceleration/accel that is caused by gear shift can be modeled as simple addition, can easily be calculated and be increased to the present instruction moment of torsion that is derived from other control input and/or method (for example throttle position, electronic stability control algorithm) thereby allow to offset its required additional torque.

Direct motor drive control computer 520 can receive the input from battery manager 501.This algorithm can be defined under the state of specific battery and not apply additional offset torque.Because the N/R acceleration/accel may depend on present speed, so direct motor drive control computer 520 also can receive the input from speed indicator 503.In this case, required counteracting acceleration/accel can or theoretical obtain in LUT515 and provides by experience, and this LTU has the clauses and subclauses corresponding to different possible speed or speed range.Certainly, desirable value can improve by interpolation, and constant or other modes of use experience formula from look-up table 515 generates.

Direct motor drive control computer 520 also can receive the input from throttle 505, and the position of this throttle 505 might influence the required counteracting acceleration/accel that is generated by direct motor drive control computer 520.Alternatively or in addition, such as engine torque, speed to the engine demand indicating device of intake manifold vacuum or on vehicle-mounted multiplex bus other available indicating device similar information can be provided in the composite algorism.

Can will turn to input 507 and be applied to this algorithm such as vehicle acceleration 509 and other attitude information of yaw acceleration.These examples how to be used by this algorithm of input are: if situation slides corresponding to possible trailing wheel, then during the turning to firmly under the situation of sliding, can temporarily cancel moment of torsion increases to avoid potential control problem.Because required counteracting acceleration/accel depends on and which gear engagement, so transmission regime 511 can be sent to this algorithm.At last, because the vibrations of driving device may depend on that this is provided with, so controller for shifting 513 can be applied to its state direct motor drive control computer 520.And this algorithm is applicable to manual drive, so can provide the indication basic function which gear just is being engaged and when is engaging from the signal of controller for shifting 513.

Although in aforesaid smooth gear change embodiment, suppose and use control computer 520, should be understood that, can use the numeral of other type or analog controller to obtain described many features.

Initiatively Stability Control (often being called electronic stability control) will be compared with the response of vehicle by turn to input and braking input that chaufeur provides.The response of vehicle is measured by sensor and single-wheel speed such as lateral acceleration sensor, rotation (driftage) acceleration pick-up or coder, described single-wheel speed or from for example as the existing vehicle-wheel speed sensor of the part of antiblock device, perhaps obtain from another source as mentioned above, for example from the time timesharing provide the motor position sensor of the electromotor velocity of indication car speed to obtain.The wheel speed of wheel rather than subchassis wheel can obtain from the vehicle bus that can link to each other with controller.The active stabilitrak of subchassis can be used the braking of himself or carry out negative (regeneration) torque signal as required at each wheel place to help to revise understeer (plough row) or oversteer (wagging the tail).Except the active Stability Control, tractive force control also can realize by the sliding of detecting under quickening of drive wheel at full speed.Braking can be applied to the wheel that slides, and/or can reduce motor power.In addition, if controller calls regenerative brake inertia energy converted to electric energy stored and to force wheel to reach locked condition thus, then controller preferably provides electric power ABS function.This situation for example can be by comparing wheel sliding or rate of change by wheel velocity (or wheel slipping of equivalent) detects with the wheel velocity of calculating.The ABS function can and/or be modulated the moment of torsion that is applied to the electrical motor flower wheel and carry out by the pulse braking.

As mentioned above, described embodiment can provide the benefit of hybrid power, therefore, if can easily see, many technology relevant with hybrid power also are applicable to instantaneous drive system.In hybrid power system, electrically operated use is under the control of management system.Yet these systems may need to distinguish city driving and highway driving, and this can import based on typical case available in the automobile and infer.Yet preferred chaufeur user interface is provided with switch, to allow the chaufeur control vehicle when with all-electric mode operation.The latter can be that substitute or the preferred mode of this system of instruction with full power mode operation.

In one embodiment, be used for power device of vehicles and have the chassis, this chassis has the annex anchor fitting that is used to be connected to vehicle.At least one electrical motor makes the chassis resist the moment of torsion that is produced by this electrical motor by this chassis supporting.The chassis is delivered to vehicle by the annex anchor fitting with this moment of torsion.For example, this annex anchor fitting hard spot that can be vehicle master priming or uni-body or suspension.The chassis has the suspended portion that movably wheel carrier is connected to the chassis.If this embodiment is the additional/replacement for existing vehicle design, promptly owing to a part that has occupied vehicle (the residing position of original suspension) replaces suspension, then suspended portion can replace common some or all sprung partses that link to each other with vehicle.Wheel carrier is along with respect to the lateral dimension of the mobile axis of vehicle (be vehicle about) separately.The chassis has mutually perpendicular vertical and longitudinal size, and each in the described size all is not more than 1 meter all perpendicular to this lateral dimension.

In alternate embodiment, above-mentioned engine installation can be like this, and promptly suspended portion comprises spring or more than a spring.The example of spring comprises leaf spring, coil spring, has had the Pneumatic Suspension of the air bag of action of the spring, elastic body or its combination in any.In alternate embodiment, above-mentioned engine installation can be like this, and promptly chassis, at least one electrical motor, suspended portion and wheel carrier can be as attached from bearing unit and take apart.Spring can be used as from the part of bearing unit and is comprised.The attached of chassis and vehicle can be provided by for example 4,6 or 8 hangers that are generally used for installing the conventional vehicles suspension.This hanger can be a hinge for example.

In alternate embodiment, use two electrical motors, each electrical motor is coupled to drive wheel carrier separately.Electrical motor can be included in or not have spring and suspended portion in bearing unit.Motor battery can be connected to the chassis.Preferably, motor battery has the capacity of at least 1 megajoule.At least one conductor and at least one switch can be set, thereby electrical motor is connected to motor battery.In another alternate embodiment, battery and associated components can be used as the part setting from bearing unit.

The chassis preferable configuration has access opening to allow near electrical motor.In one embodiment, the chassis has a side of the enough big access opening of band, can observe and shift out electrical motor.The chassis can be sheetmetal case, truss or its combination of welding.Alternatively, it can be a composite structure, comprises for example structure of glass fibre, carbon fiber or any appropriate.Preferably, access opening is set when being installed to the chassis on the vehicle, to provide approaching.

Preferably, electrical motor is placed in the middle between wheel carrier.In the embodiment with two electrical motors, each in the electrical motor is by extendible separately of being connected to wheel carrier, and power is applied to separately of wheel carrier by described axle.For example, extendible axle can be a ball spline shaft.This can be the semiaxis that is commonly called as, and it is characterized in that its size.This can adapt to the bigger chassis size with associated components.Axle and wheel carrier can be included in chassis supported.

Radiator can be provided with inverter and motor battery.These can be connected to the chassis or install respectively.Again, capacity of cell is at least 1 megajoule, and at least one conductor is connected to motor battery with at least one switch with electrical motor.Inverter has at least one kilowatt capacity.Battery, inverter, at least one conductor, switch, at least one electrical motor, suspended portion and wheel carrier can make up to form from bearing unit with the chassis.

Motor controller can be set.Motor controller can have the input that is configured to receive the signal of indicating wheel velocity or equivalent.Motor controller can with other unit construction on the chassis to form from bearing unit or can be integrated in the vehicle respectively.Electrical motor has the outputting power driving device to drive wheel carrier.Electric tools is useful on the takeoff output separately of each wheel carrier, and controller is constructed to control in response to the input of wheel the output of each wheel carrier.Two electrical motors of preferred use, each output is one the output separately in two electrical motors.

The embodiment that comprises radiator also can comprise exchange characteristics, for example radiating gill, protuberance or other surperficial accretion.Air flowing on surperficial accretion can strengthen by being arranged in such a way radiator, promptly is directed at high speed at the air of vehicle current downflow and moves on the H Exch.This can be by for example arranging that surperficial accretion feature is protruded in the passage to be realized, air is moved forward punching press by this passage by vehicle.Alternatively, can nature to be tending towards the zone (for example downside of vehicle) of quick travel towards air when the vehicle ' outstanding for surperficial accretion feature.In certain embodiments, can partly form pipeline by slide plate, this slide plate defines the pipeline that has towards one or more openings of vehicle moving direction.

In another embodiment, the power plant module that is used for vehicle comprises the subchassis of supporting certainly that has the annex anchor fitting and support at least one electrical motor.This supporting is so, and promptly subchassis is resisted the moment that produces by the moment of torsion that is generated by at least one electrical motor, and it is delivered to the annex anchor fitting.Connect two wheel carriers with by at least one direct motor drive.The annex anchor fitting is constructed to be attached to the hard spot that is commonly used to the suspension element of two replacement wheels is attached to vehicle frame.Controller is constructed to control at least one electrical motor at least one possible function to be provided and preferably to provide more.This at least one function comprises that at least the vehicle to also have driving engine except at least one electrical motor starts to assist.The wheel of vehicle that another driving engine can be except two replacement wheels provides power.

Controller preferably is constructed to control at least one electrical motor so that initiatively Stability Control also is provided.This at least one electrical motor can comprise two independent electrical motors, and each electrical motor is connected to separately in two wheel carriers.In this case, in preferable configuration, controller is constructed to control two electrical motors so that initiatively Stability Control to be provided.This active Stability Control can be come by means of the braking of the drg in the system of being integrated in further or alternatively control.

Controller can have the wheel velocity input, and is constructed to control at least one electrical motor to provide initiatively tractive force control in response to the signal that is applied to the wheel velocity input.Speed input can be connected to the signal of data bus of vehicle with the speed of the wheel that receives indication except the wheel of the wheel carrier that is attached to power plant module.

The foregoing description can comprise motor battery, wherein at least one electrical motor optionally the work of starter/generator in order to battery charge.Module can comprise inverter, and all is connected to the chassis.Motor battery can have the capacity of at least 1 megajoule, and at least one conductor and at least one switch can be set so that this at least one electrical motor is connected to motor battery.Preferably, inverter has at least 1 kilowatt capacity.Preferably, the weight of this module is less than double centner.

In the distortion of the disclosed embodiments, subchassis can be connected to conventional electric generators, and this conventional electric generators is the original vehicle design-calculated part of light hybrid system, thereby has a kind of outside, effective and efficient manner of subchassis recharging of battery that be.In another alternate embodiment, can be used to charging of electric propulsion module to the conventional electric generators upgrading so that additional generating capacity to be provided than macrocell.

In another embodiment, be used for power device of vehicles and have two electrical motors, described electrical motor has supporting, and this supporting is constructed to two electrical motors are bearing near the center of vehicle.Each wheel carrier and the transmission shaft that is used for two electrical motors provides power from electrical motor to be applied to wheel separately.Be connected the moment of torsion between shared two electrical motors of two power-transfer clutchs between the electrical motor.This supporting is constructed to supporting motor, makes their wheel shaft along the alignment of the lateral dimension of vehicle.Power-transfer clutch can be kept continuous sliding.In another embodiment, power-transfer clutch can also optionally lock.

Controller can be constructed to receive from the accelerator signal of accelerator and control the takeoff output of two electrical motors and power-transfer clutch in response to the signal of this accelerator.Controller can be configured and make that power-transfer clutch is locked at least one accelerator signal.Controller also can or alternatively be constructed to receive from the accelerator signal of accelerator and controls the takeoff output of two electrical motors in response to the signal of this accelerator.Accelerometer can be applied to controller with output, and this controller can be constructed to control the takeoff output of two electrical motors so that initiatively Stability Control to be provided in response to this accelerometer signal.Two electrical motors and power-transfer clutch can hold jointly, and stator is connected by common housing with rotor, the power-transfer clutch described rotor that interconnects.

The takeoff output that controller can be constructed to receive wheel velocity signal (or equivalent) and control two electrical motors in response to wheel velocity signal.In response to wheel velocity (or equivalent) signal, controller can provide tractive force control, particularly or the ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) feature.

In another embodiment, vehicle has framework, and this framework has at least four group hard spots, is used at least four suspensions of wheel separately in order to installation.Subchassis has two groups the annex anchor fitting that is connected in the described hard spot group, thereby replaces at least four two in the wheel separately.Two groups of edges in the hard spot group separate perpendicular to the front/rear axial direction of vehicle '.At least one electrical motor is supported by subchassis, makes the moment of torsion that chassis opposing is generated by electrical motor, and this chassis transfers torque in the described hard spot group two groups by anchor fitting.Suspended portion is connected to subchassis with wheel carrier movably.Subchassis, at least one electrical motor, wheel carrier and suspended portion can be used as from bearing unit separates and attached again.

Suspended portion can comprise at least one spring.This at least one electrical motor can comprise at least two electrical motors, and each electrical motor is coupled to drive separately in the wheel carrier.Motor battery can be connected to subchassis.Motor battery can have the capacity of at least 1 megajoule, and at least one conductor is connected to motor battery with at least one switch with this at least one electrical motor.

Subchassis also can comprise motor battery, as with separable and attached again the part of this subchassis combination from bearing unit.Subchassis can have open side, and the size that this open side is set shifts out electrical motor when being installed in subchassis in the vehicle with permission.

The attached of chassis and vehicle can be provided by for example 4,6 or 8 hangers that are generally used for the conventional suspension of mounting vehicle.This hanger can be a hinge for example.

In alternate embodiment, use two electrical motors, each electrical motor is coupled to drive wheel carrier separately.Electrical motor can be included in or not have spring and suspended portion in bearing unit.Motor battery can be connected to the chassis.Preferably, motor battery has the capacity of at least 1 megajoule.At least one conductor and at least one switch can be set, thereby electrical motor (or a plurality of) is connected to motor battery.In another alternate embodiment, battery and associated components can be used as the part setting from bearing unit.

The chassis preferable configuration has access opening to allow near electrical motor.In one embodiment, the chassis has a side of the enough big access opening of band, can observe and shift out electrical motor (or a plurality of).The chassis can be sheetmetal case, truss or its combination of welding.Alternatively, it can be a composite structure, comprises for example structure of glass fibre, carbon fiber or any appropriate.Preferably, access opening (or a plurality of) is set when being installed to the chassis on the vehicle, to provide approaching.

Preferably, electrical motor (or a plurality of) is placed in the middle between wheel carrier.In the embodiment with two electrical motors, each in the electrical motor is by extendible separately of being connected in the wheel carrier, and power is by described separately of being applied in the wheel carrier.For example, extendible axle can be a ball spline shaft.This can be the semiaxis that is commonly called as, and it is characterized in that its size.This can adapt to the bigger chassis size with associated components.Axle and wheel carrier can be included in chassis supported.

Radiator can be provided with inverter and motor battery.These can be connected to the chassis or install respectively.And capacity of cell is at least 1 megajoule, and at least one conductor is connected to motor battery with at least one switch with electrical motor.Inverter has at least one kilowatt capacity.Battery, inverter, at least one conductor, switch, at least one electrical motor, suspended portion and wheel carrier can make up to form from bearing unit with the chassis.

Motor controller can be set.This motor controller can have the input that is constructed to receive the signal of indicating wheel velocity.Motor controller can with other unit construction on the chassis to form from bearing unit or can be integrated in the vehicle respectively.Electrical motor (or a plurality of) has the outputting power driving device, in order to drive wheel carrier.Electrical motor (or a plurality of) has the takeoff output separately that is used for each wheel carrier, and controller is constructed to control in response to the input of wheel the output of each wheel carrier.Two electrical motors of preferred use, each output all are one the output separately in two electrical motors.

The embodiment that comprises radiator also can comprise exchange characteristics, for example radiating gill, protuberance or other surperficial accretion.Air flowing on surperficial accretion can strengthen by arranging radiator by this way, promptly is directed at high speed at the air of vehicle current downflow and moves on the H Exch.This can be by for example arranging that surperficial accretion feature is protruded in the passage to be realized, air is moved forward punching press by this passage by vehicle.Alternatively, can nature to be tending towards the zone (for example downside of vehicle) of quick travel towards air when the vehicle ' outstanding for surperficial accretion feature.In certain embodiments, can partly form pipeline by slide plate, this slide plate defines the pipeline that has towards one or more openings of vehicle moving direction.

In another embodiment, vehicle has the light hybrid driving engine of two wheels of driving first.The light hybrid driving engine is constructed to stop automatically and start, and makes during the low of light hybrid driving engine or zero run demand not consume fuel.Framework and subchassis are installed to this framework.At least one electrical motor is supported by subchassis, thus the moment of torsion that the chassis opposing is generated by electrical motor, and this chassis is delivered to framework with this moment of torsion.Rechargeable battery is connected so that provide power for this at least one electrical motor.The subchassis driving system is constructed to allow second two wheels of this at least one direct motor drive by the subchassis supporting.Controller is constructed to carry out and start to assist by controlling this at least one electrical motor, with at least 15% of maximum total output that the light hybrid driving engine is provided during the recharging of the operation of vehicle and regenerative brake and battery.This at least one electrical motor can be two electrical motors, and each electrical motor is coupled to drive separately in two wheels of second.Battery preferably has the capacity of at least 1 megajoule.Preferably, subchassis has open side, and the size that this open side is set shifts out this at least one electrical motor when being installed in subchassis in the vehicle with permission.Subchassis can form from bearing unit, should can be attached to the hard spot of vehicle or shifts out from this hard spot from bearing unit, allows thus under the situation of not obvious " overturning " existing vehicle design to be made amendment.Subchassis also can comprise the suspension that is used to support two wheels of second.Each the drg that is used for these two wheels of second can be controlled by controller, with by providing the active Stability Control in response to turning to the driftage of input and vehicle to detect this drg of control.

The disclosed embodiments can provide electric power trailing wheel power, if with during inclement weather, provide AWD function on the road detect the unstable rule of vehicle provide stability strengthen, in order to improve acceleration capability start assist, improved fuel efficiency and further feature in the specific driving circulation, these features will be conspicuous in embodiment open.

Although the FWD structure of a kind of system applies to described vehicle rear supposed in following application, but those skilled in the art is apparent that, the system of Xian Dinging also may be used on the front portion of other RWD car construction herein, perhaps at front portion or rear portion that other battery electric vehicle or series hybrid-power are used.

As an example, except regenerative brake, generating and do not having under the situation of superheated or failsafety less than power from external source, 0mph is arrived in the front-wheel full application of brake that is on the low coefficient of friction surfaces (0.3 or following), and the energy storage capacity of battery and other parameter can be enough to provide at least 15 continuous full throttles to start to assist.

According to another exemplary embodiment, when except regenerative brake, generating and not having under the situation of superheated or failsafety less than power from external source, EPA city circulation (seeing Figure 21 A) is carried out five continuous on-cycles when driving, and system unit is selected so that for all quicken and regenerative brake provides maximum power.In Figure 21 A, top curve 27 expression acceleration/accels, and lower curve 29 is illustrated in the speed of the urban type Driving Scene that stops and advancing.In the variant of this embodiment, when having from the maximum 5kW external source (source except propulsion die, combustion engine wheel shaft for example) under the situation that power generates, when infinitely recurrent drivings carried out in the circulation of EPA city, for all acceleration and regenerative brake provide maximum power.

In another variant, embodiment provides regenerative brake reaching at least 75% level of total availability system moment of torsion, and for example can obtain and store at least 30% of available kinetic energy during the braking of 60-0mph.In another variant, embodiment can provide the continuous non-loaded maximum speed of 95mph.

Preferably, as described, the size of propulsion die is set, makes under the minimum vehicle modification and the situation of overturning, it to be assembled in the available vehicle space.Space, spare tyre cabin is a preferred positions.Another kind may be to adopt the hub electrical motor, and described hub electrical motor has the transmission shaft that sees below Figure 23 description alternatively.In the exemplary embodiment, parts are chosen as and make that increase is no more than 100kg (not comprising the energy storage) on conventional truck.Preferably, under the situation of not opening hood or baggage container, the equipment that is increased is invisible from vehicle outside, and keeps about 8 inches common ground Clearance.

That the method for electrification propulsion die can comprise the following steps is several or a plurality of (needn't in the following order).(1) select target vehicle is to make amendment by the propulsion die that increases electric power.(2) select subchassis or design that anchor fitting is arranged, described anchor fitting can link to each other with the anchor fitting of the suspension hard spot of target vehicle or feature or annex anchor fitting.Subchassis or target vehicle anchor fitting can comprise any suitable type, the anchor fitting or the feature of for example one or more bolts, hanger, suspension hook, liner (being used for welding or bonding annex), reinforced frame member or any appropriate.(3) target vehicle is carried out mechanical modification to adapt to this electric propulsion module when the electric propulsion module is connected to target vehicle.This modification can comprise and remove, replace and/or revise parts, for example sheet metal structure, spare tyre cabin.Alternatively, the parts of vehicle can be designed to be fit to the electric propulsion module, make to need not to revise.(4) connect the propulsion die controller, with such as carrying out sensor and/or the controller of interface to target vehicle by the data bus that the propulsion die controller is connected to target vehicle.Because this is attached, the propulsion die controller receives the signal of indicating target vehicle-state, and described signal can comprise such as wheel velocity, engine condition, turns to, throttle, driving device and other signal and propulsion die that drives controlled input provide feature described herein required any out of Memory.

According to an embodiment, provide the user to control to allow to starting the selection of auxiliary grade.User control provides storing value, this storing value to can be used to limit the upper bound of the peak value takeoff output of propulsion die.Alternatively or in addition, can provide control so that the user can the selection percentage constant, this has reduced the takeoff output of propulsion die.

According to an embodiment, the whole drive unit suspension of unifying only is installed to the vehicle body or the chassis portion that only are used for installing suspension in standard construction by the modular construction with the subchassis assembly and is assembled to existing platform.The structure of suspension attachment point or hard spot can change according to vehicle, but the parts of desired structure can be provided with in various vehicles, wherein this structure be from supporting and provide mounting for the whole drive unit wheel suspension (comprising electrical motor and wheel word) of unifying.In specific preferred embodiment, electrical motor is independently, and drives in revolver and the right wheel each independently.In another preferred embodiment, independently rotor and stator are contained in single shell and the supporting jointly.In this embodiment, preferred power-transfer clutch also is contained in this single shell jointly.In the advantageous version of this embodiment, this embodiment that holds electrical motor jointly comprises other sensor element, for example coder and resolver.

According to another embodiment, the power device of vehicles that is used to have travel direction can be connected to vehicle, to serve as drive element.This engine installation has two electrical motors that have supporting, and this supporting is constructed to support two electrical motors, and each electrical motor all is constructed to drive wheel carrier separately.Wheel carrier separates, and makes that wheel carrier is positioned at the opposite side of vehicle when engine installation is installed on the vehicle.Power-transfer clutch is connected between two electrical motors with transfer torque between them.In the distortion of this embodiment, power-transfer clutch is constructed to keep continuous sliding.Preferably, power-transfer clutch also further is constructed to keep continuous sliding and can lock.

In another embodiment, controller setting and being configured to receives the signal in response to the acceleration/accel instruction.In response to this signal, the takeoff output of two electrical motors of controller control and power-transfer clutch.The controller preferable configuration is for making that power-transfer clutch is locked at least one state of signal.In certain embodiments, controller is constructed to make that power-transfer clutch passes through controller lock when the signal indication is higher than the acceleration/accel of fault value grade.Alternatively or in addition, in another embodiment, controller is constructed to receive from the accelerator signal of accelerator and controls the takeoff output of two electrical motors in response to the signal of this accelerator.According to the feature of previous embodiment, accelerometer has the accelerometer signal output that is applied to controller.This controller is constructed to control the takeoff output of two electrical motors so that initiatively Stability Control to be provided in response to this accelerometer signal.Preferably, controller is constructed to receive in response to the signal of wheel velocity and in response to this signal and comes control clutch.And, preferably controller structure is come control clutch and electrical motor for receiving in response to the signal of wheel velocity and in response to this signal.

In the specific embodiment as the distortion of previous embodiment, two electrical motors and power-transfer clutch hold jointly, and stator is connected by common housing with rotor, the described rotor and power-transfer clutch interconnects.

According to an embodiment, magnetic clutch has first and second rotors, and described first and second rotors promote toward each other or away from each other by biasing member.First and second rotors have synergistic element, and when the axial distance between first and second rotors changed, described element was created in the moment of torsion coupling of variable quantity between first and second rotors.Stator has winding one time, and the first rotor has intensity coil, this intensity coil and the magnetic field magnetic couplings that is produced by winding.Electromagnet with magnetic circuit first is attached to the first rotor.The magnetic circuit second portion is attached to second rotor, and layout is feasible when electromagnet is subjected to current excitation, forces first and second rotors opposing biasing member, thereby causes first and second rotors to move toward each other or away from each other.Electromagnet is connected to intensity coil with the current excitation of quilt from intensity coil.

According to the feature of power-transfer clutch, first and second rotors form the electromagnetic eddy current drg jointly, make that when the axial distance between first and second rotors changed, the moment of torsion coupling amount between first and second rotors changed.Preferably, first and second rotors have the member that engages one another, and when the axial distance between first and second rotors arrived preset distance, the described member that engages one another locked together.

According to another embodiment of power-transfer clutch, magnetic clutch has the first and second moment of torsion coupling elements, and in described moment of torsion coupling element, the moment of torsion coupling comes electric magnetization by produce electric current in power-transfer clutch excitation winding.According to this embodiment, intensity coil, this intensity coil and winding electric magnetic coupling that is loaded with by a winding excitation in the moment of torsion coupling element.Intensity coil provides electric current in power-transfer clutch excitation winding, make that power-transfer clutch is energized when a winding is energized, and causes the moment of torsion coupling to be energized thus.

According to another embodiment, acceleration controller has the input link of user's excitation, and this input link is connected to the first and second progressive input medias that produce first and second progressive signals respectively, and the polarity of this first and second signal is opposite.The assisted instruction producer responds first and second signals, and is constructed to only just produce when first and second signals have the level of signal of band predetermined relationship the assisted instruction signal.Preferably, input link comprises the accelerator control of vehicle.Input media can comprise rheostat, and for example in this case, rheostat can have the resistor and the contact brush that contacts described resistor of opposite electrodeization.Alarm signal generator can be arranged in the acceleration controller.The alarm that comprises alarm signal generator is preferably in response to first and second signals, and if signal drop on outside the predetermined relation and produce alarm.In all embodiments, assisted instruction progressive signal preferably.

The disclosed embodiments can provide the solution to the shortcoming of known vehicle structure.Yet those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that in view of foregoing description and accompanying drawing, scheme drawing and appendix, these and other details, feature and advantage will further become apparent.

Although with reference to specific embodiment the present invention is disclosed, do not departing from as under the situation of the field of the invention defined in the appended claims and scope, all be possible to many modifications, distortion and the variation of described embodiment.Therefore, tend to the invention is not restricted to described embodiment, but have the gamut that language and equivalent thereof limited by following claim.

Claims (90)

1. one kind is used for power device of vehicles, comprising:

The chassis has the first annex anchor fitting that is used to be connected to the second annex anchor fitting, and the described second annex anchor fitting is used for suspension is attached to target vehicle;

At least one electrical motor by the supporting of described chassis, makes described chassis resist the moment of torsion that is produced by described electrical motor, and described chassis transfers torque to described vehicle by described anchor fitting;

Suspended portion is connected to described chassis with two wheel carriers movably, and described wheel carrier separates along lateral dimension.

2. device according to claim 1, wherein said suspended portion comprises at least one spring.

3. device according to claim 2, wherein by taking the described first and second annex anchor fittings apart, described chassis, at least one electrical motor, suspended portion, at least one spring and wheel carrier can be as from bearing unit and by attached and take apart.

4. device according to claim 1, wherein by taking the described first and second annex anchor fittings apart, described chassis, at least one electrical motor, suspended portion and wheel carrier can be as from bearing unit and by attached and take apart.

5. device according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrical motor comprises at least two electrical motors, each electrical motor is coupled to drive wheel carrier separately.

6. device according to claim 5, wherein by taking the described first and second annex anchor fittings apart, described chassis, electrical motor, suspended portion and wheel carrier can be as from bearing unit and by attached and take apart.

7. device according to claim 1, further comprise motor battery that is connected to described chassis and at least one conductor and at least one switch that described at least one electrical motor is connected to described motor battery, described motor battery has the capacity of at least 1 megajoule.

8. device according to claim 7, wherein by taking the described first and second annex anchor fittings apart, described chassis, described motor battery, suspended portion and wheel carrier can be as from bearing unit and by attached and take apart.

9. device according to claim 1, wherein said chassis has open side, and the size that described open side is set removes described electrical motor when being installed in described chassis in the vehicle with permission.

10. device according to claim 9, wherein by taking the described first and second annex anchor fittings apart, described chassis, at least one electrical motor, suspended portion and wheel carrier can be as from bearing unit and by attached and take apart.

11. device according to claim 1, wherein said chassis annex anchor fitting is configured to be attached to hanger, and quantity is 4 or still less.

12. device according to claim 11, wherein by taking the described first and second annex anchor fittings apart, described chassis, at least one electrical motor, suspended portion and wheel carrier can be as from bearing unit and by attached and take apart.

13. device according to claim 1, wherein said chassis have the part that forms truss.

14. device according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrical motor comprises at least two electrical motors, each electrical motor is coupled to drive wheel carrier separately, described electrical motor is placed in the middle between described wheel carrier, each electrical motor is by extendible separately of being connected in the described wheel carrier, and power is by described described separately of being applied in the described wheel carrier.

15. device according to claim 14, wherein by taking the described first and second annex anchor fittings apart, described chassis, electrical motor, suspended portion, extendible axle and wheel carrier can be as from bearing unit and by attached and take apart.

16. device according to claim 1, further comprise inverter and motor battery and at least one conductor and at least one switch, described inverter and described motor battery all are connected to described chassis, described battery has the capacity of at least 1 megajoule, described at least one conductor and at least one switch are connected to described motor battery with described at least one electrical motor, and described inverter has at least one kilowatt capacity.

17. device according to claim 16, wherein by taking the described first and second annex anchor fittings apart, described chassis, battery, inverter, at least one electrical motor, suspended portion and wheel carrier can be as from bearing unit and by attached and take apart.

18. device according to claim 1, further comprise radiator, inverter and motor battery and at least one conductor and at least one switch, in described radiator, described inverter and the described motor battery each all is connected to described chassis, described battery has the capacity of at least 1 megajoule, described at least one conductor and at least one switch are connected to described motor battery with described at least one electrical motor, and described inverter has at least one kilowatt capacity.

19. device according to claim 18, wherein by taking the described first and second annex anchor fittings apart, described chassis, battery, inverter, at least one conductor, switch, at least one electrical motor, suspended portion and wheel carrier can be as from bearing unit and by attached and take apart.

20. device according to claim 1 further comprises the motor controller and the input that are constructed to receive the signal of indicating wheel velocity; In order to drive the outputting power driving device of described wheel carrier; Wherein said at least one electric tools is useful on the takeoff output separately of each wheel carrier, and described controller is constructed to control in response to described wheel velocity input the output of each wheel carrier.

21. device according to claim 1, further comprise the drg that is used for each wheel carrier and have the controller that is used to receive the input of indicating vehicle driftage and shifted input signal that described controller is constructed to control described drg so that initiatively Stability Control to be provided in response to described driftage and shifted input signal.

22. device according to claim 20, wherein said at least one electrical motor are two electrical motors, each in the described takeoff output separately all is one the output separately in described two electrical motors.

23. device according to claim 22, wherein by taking the described first and second annex anchor fittings apart, described chassis, motor controller, battery, inverter, at least one conductor, switch, electrical motor, suspended portion and wheel carrier can be as from bearing unit and by attached and take apart.

24. device according to claim 1 further comprises radiator and slide plate with exchange characteristics, described slide plate forms pipeline, described pipeline be along the longitudinal direction open to limit the air channel, heat exchange surface protrudes in the described air channel.

25. a power plant module that is used for vehicle comprises:

From the supporting subchassis, have the annex anchor fitting and support at least one electrical motor, make described subchassis resist the moment that produces by the moment of torsion that generates by described at least one electrical motor, and it is delivered to described annex anchor fitting;

Two wheel carriers are connected with by described at least one direct motor drive;

Described annex anchor fitting is constructed to be attached to the strut mount of vehicle; And

Controller is constructed to control described at least one electrical motor, with provide at least to the vehicular drive that comprises explosive motor start assist.

26. module according to claim 25, wherein said controller are constructed to control described at least one electrical motor so that initiatively Stability Control to be provided.

27. module according to claim 25, wherein said at least one electrical motor comprises two electrical motors, and each electrical motor all is connected to separately in described two wheel carriers.

28. module according to claim 27, wherein said controller are constructed to control described electrical motor so that initiatively Stability Control to be provided.

29. module according to claim 25, wherein said controller have the wheel velocity input, and are constructed to control described at least one electrical motor so that initiatively tractive force control to be provided in response to the signal that is applied to described wheel velocity input.

30. module according to claim 25 further comprises battery, wherein said at least one electrical motor optionally the work of starter/generator in order to described battery charge.

31. module according to claim 25, further comprise inverter and motor battery and at least one conductor and at least one switch, described inverter and described motor battery all are connected to described chassis, described motor battery has the capacity of at least 1 megajoule, described at least one conductor and at least one switch are connected to described motor battery with described at least one electrical motor, and described inverter has at least one kilowatt capacity.

32. module according to claim 31, the weight of wherein said module is less than double centner.

33. one kind is used for power device of vehicles, comprises:

Two electrical motors with supporting member, described supporting member are constructed at described two electrical motors of vehicle internal support;

Each wheel carrier and the transmission shaft that is used for described two electrical motors, each transmission shaft be connected in and described two wheel carriers separately in described two electrical motors separately between one to rotate described wheel carrier;

Power-transfer clutch is connected between described two electrical motors with driving torque between described two electrical motors.

34. device according to claim 33, wherein said supporting member is constructed to support described electrical motor, makes the wheel shaft of described electrical motor along the alignment of the lateral dimension of described vehicle.

35. device according to claim 33, wherein said power-transfer clutch can be kept continuous sliding.

36. device according to claim 33, wherein said power-transfer clutch can be kept continuous sliding and can lock.

37. device according to claim 33 further comprises controller, described controller is constructed to receive from the accelerator signal of accelerator and controls the takeoff output of described two electrical motors and described power-transfer clutch in response to described accelerator signal.

38. according to the described device of claim 37, wherein said controller is constructed to make that described power-transfer clutch is locked at least one accelerator signal.

39. device according to claim 33 further comprises controller, described controller is constructed to receive from the accelerator signal of accelerator and controls the takeoff output of described two electrical motors in response to described accelerator signal.

40. device according to claim 33, further comprise the accelerometer with the accelerometer signal output that is applied to described controller, described controller is constructed to control the takeoff output of described two electrical motors so that initiatively Stability Control to be provided in response to described accelerometer signal.

41. the takeoff output that device according to claim 33, wherein said controller are constructed to receive wheel velocity signal and control described two electrical motors in response to wheel velocity signal.

42. device according to claim 33, wherein said controller are constructed to receive wheel velocity signal and control the takeoff output of described two electrical motors in response to wheel velocity signal, so that tractive force control to be provided.

43. device according to claim 33, wherein said two electrical motors and power-transfer clutch are held jointly, and stator is connected by common housing with rotor, the described power-transfer clutch described rotor that interconnects.

44. a vehicle comprises:

Framework has at least four group hard spots, is used at least four suspensions of wheel separately in order to installation;

Subchassis has two groups the annex anchor fitting that is connected in the described hard spot group, and two groups of edges in the described hard spot group separate perpendicular to the direction of the front/rear axis of described vehicle ';

At least one electrical motor by the supporting of described subchassis, makes the moment of torsion that the opposing of described chassis is generated by described electrical motor, and described chassis is delivered in the described hard spot group two groups by described anchor fitting with described moment of torsion;

Suspended portion is connected to wheel carrier described subchassis movably;

Described subchassis, at least one electrical motor, wheel carrier and suspended portion are as from bearing unit and separable and can be attached again.

45. according to the described vehicle of claim 44, wherein said suspended portion comprises at least one spring.

46. according to the described vehicle of claim 44, wherein said at least one electrical motor comprises at least two electrical motors, each electrical motor is all coupled to drive separately in the described wheel carrier.

47. according to the described vehicle of claim 44, further comprise motor battery that is connected to described subchassis and at least one conductor and at least one switch that described at least one electrical motor is connected to described motor battery, described motor battery has the capacity of at least 1 megajoule; Described subchassis also comprises described motor battery, as the separable and part from bearing unit can be attached again.

48. according to the described vehicle of claim 44, wherein said subchassis has open side, the size that described open side is set removes described electrical motor when being installed in described subchassis in the vehicle with permission.

49. according to the described vehicle of claim 44, wherein said subchassis annex anchor fitting is configured to be attached to hanger, and quantity is 4 or still less.

50. according to the described vehicle of claim 44, wherein said subchassis has the part that forms truss.

51. according to the described vehicle of claim 44, wherein said at least one electrical motor comprises at least two electrical motors, each electrical motor is all coupled to drive wheel carrier separately, described electrical motor is placed in the middle between described wheel carrier, each electrical motor is by extendible separately of being connected in the described wheel carrier, and power is by described described separately of being applied in the described wheel carrier; Described subchassis also comprises described extendible axle, as the separable and part from bearing unit can be attached again.

52. according to the described vehicle of claim 44, further comprise inverter and motor battery and at least one conductor and at least one switch, described inverter and described motor battery all are connected to described subchassis, described battery has the capacity of at least 1 megajoule, described at least one conductor and at least one switch are connected to described motor battery with described at least one electrical motor, and described inverter has at least one kilowatt capacity; Described subchassis also comprises described motor battery and inverter, as the separable and part from bearing unit can be attached again.

53. according to the described vehicle of claim 44, further comprise radiator, inverter and motor battery and at least one conductor and at least one switch, each in described radiator, described inverter and the described motor battery all is connected to described subchassis; Described battery has the capacity of at least 1 megajoule, and described at least one conductor and at least one switch are connected to described motor battery with described at least one electrical motor, and described inverter has at least one kilowatt capacity; Described subchassis also comprises described motor battery, radiator and inverter, as the separable and part from bearing unit can be attached again.

54., further comprise the motor controller and the input that are constructed to receive the signal of indicating wheel velocity according to the described vehicle of claim 44; In order to drive the outputting power driving device of described wheel carrier; Wherein said at least one electric tools is useful on the takeoff output separately of each wheel carrier, and described controller is constructed to control in response to described wheel velocity input the output of each wheel carrier; Described subchassis also comprises described controller, as the separable and part from bearing unit can be attached again.

55., further comprise the motor controller and the input that are constructed to receive the signal of indicating wheel velocity according to the described vehicle of claim 44; In order to drive the outputting power driving device of described wheel carrier; Wherein said at least one electric tools is useful on the takeoff output separately of each wheel carrier, and described controller is constructed to control in response to described wheel velocity input the output of each wheel carrier.

56. according to the described vehicle of claim 55, wherein said at least one electrical motor is two electrical motors, each in the described takeoff output separately is one the output separately in described two electrical motors.

57. according to the described vehicle of claim 44, further comprise radiator and slide plate with exchange characteristics, described slide plate forms pipeline, described pipeline be along the longitudinal direction open to limit the air channel, described heat exchange surface protrudes in the described air channel.

58. a vehicle comprises:

Engine drive with fuel driven driving engine, two wheels of described fuel driven engine drive first, described engine drive is constructed to stop automatically and starts described fuel driven driving engine, makes during to the low of light hybrid driving engine or zero run demand not consume fuel;

Framework and the subchassis that is installed to described framework;

At least one electrical motor by described subchassis supporting, makes described chassis resist the moment of torsion that is generated by described at least one electrical motor, and described chassis is delivered to described framework with described moment of torsion;

Rechargeable battery is connected so that provide power for described at least one electrical motor;

The subchassis driving system is constructed to allow second two wheels of described at least one direct motor drive by described subchassis supporting;

Controller is constructed to carry out and start to assist by controlling described at least one electrical motor, to provide at least 15% of described engine-driven maximum total output during the recharging of the operation of described vehicle and regenerative brake and described battery.

59. according to the described vehicle of claim 58, wherein said at least one electrical motor comprises at least two electrical motors, each electrical motor is all coupled to drive separately in two wheels of described second.

60. according to the described vehicle of claim 58, wherein said battery has the capacity of at least 1 megajoule.

61. according to the described vehicle of claim 58, wherein said subchassis has open side, the size that described open side is set removes described at least one electrical motor when being installed in described subchassis in the described vehicle with permission.

62. according to the described vehicle of claim 58, wherein said subchassis is from bearing unit.

63. according to the described vehicle of claim 58, wherein said subchassis is from bearing unit, comprises the suspension that is used to support two wheels of described second.

64. according to the described vehicle of claim 58, further comprise each the drg that is used for two wheels of described second, wherein said controller further is constructed to by providing the active Stability Control in response to turning to the driftage of input and vehicle to detect the described drg of control.

65. a method of making vehicle comprises:

Structure has the subchassis of driven by power parts can be attached to the suspension-attachment feature of existing vehicle design, described existing vehicle design comprises the internal combustion driving system that drives two wheels, and has two the non-flower wheels consistent with described suspension-attachment feature usually;

Described subchassis is installed to described suspension-attachment feature to form complete vehicle.

66. want 65 described methods according to right, wherein said installation comprises that the described vehicle of structure is to adapt to described subchassis.

67. want 65 described methods according to right, wherein said driven by power parts comprise electrical motor.

68. want 65 described methods according to right, wherein said driven by power parts comprise two electrical motors, each electrical motor is connected with drive wheels.

69. want 65 described methods according to right, further comprise and revise described vehicle design to adapt to described subchassis.

70. a power device of vehicles that is used to have travel direction, described engine installation can be connected to described vehicle to serve as drive element, described engine installation comprises:

Two electrical motors with supporting member, described supporting member are constructed to support described two electrical motors, and each electrical motor is constructed to drive wheel carrier separately;

Described wheel carrier is separated to make that described wheel carrier is positioned at the opposite side of described vehicle when described engine installation is installed on the described vehicle;

Power-transfer clutch is connected between described two electrical motors with transfer torque between described two electrical motors.

71. according to the described device of claim 70, wherein said power-transfer clutch is constructed to keep continuous sliding.

72. according to the described device of claim 70, wherein said power-transfer clutch is constructed to keep continuous sliding and can lock.

73. according to the described device of claim 70, further comprise controller, described controller is constructed to receive in response to the signal of assisted instruction and controls the takeoff output of described two electrical motors and described power-transfer clutch in response to described signal.

74. according to the described device of claim 73, wherein said controller is constructed to feasible at least one state for described signal, described power-transfer clutch is locked.

75. according to the described device of claim 73, wherein said controller is constructed to make that described power-transfer clutch is by described controller lock when described signal indication is higher than the acceleration/accel of fault value grade.

76. according to the described device of claim 70, further comprise controller, described controller is constructed to receive from the accelerator signal of accelerator and controls the takeoff output of described two electrical motors in response to described accelerator signal.

77. according to the described device of claim 70, further comprise controller and the accelerometer with the accelerometer signal output that is applied to described controller, described controller is constructed to control the takeoff output of described two electrical motors so that initiatively Stability Control to be provided in response to described accelerometer signal.

78. according to the described device of claim 70, further comprise controller, wherein said controller is constructed to receive in response to the signal of wheel velocity and in response to described signal controls described power-transfer clutch.

79. according to the described device of claim 70, further comprise controller, wherein said controller is constructed to receive in response to the signal of wheel velocity and in response to described signal controls described power-transfer clutch and electrical motor.

80. according to the described device of claim 70, wherein said two electrical motors and power-transfer clutch are held jointly, stator is connected by common housing with rotor, the described power-transfer clutch described rotor that interconnects.

81. a magnetic clutch comprises:

The first rotor and second rotor are promoted toward each other or away from each other by biasing member;

Described the first rotor and described second rotor have synergistic element, and when the axial distance between described the first rotor and described second rotor changed, described element was created in the moment of torsion coupling of variable quantity between described the first rotor and described second rotor;

Stator with a winding, described the first rotor has intensity coil, described intensity coil and the magnetic field magnetic couplings that is produced by a described winding;

Electromagnet with magnetic circuit first, described electromagnet is attached to described the first rotor, the magnetic circuit second portion is attached to described second rotor and is arranged such that when described electromagnet is subjected to current excitation, force described the first rotor and described second rotor to resist described biasing member, thereby cause described the first rotor and described second rotor to move toward each other or away from each other;

Described electromagnet is connected to described intensity coil with the current excitation of quilt from described intensity coil.

82. 1 described power-transfer clutch according to Claim 8, wherein said first and second rotors form magnetic vortex flow drg jointly, make that the moment of torsion coupling amount between described first and second rotors changes when the described axial distance between described first and second rotors changes.

83. 1 described power-transfer clutch according to Claim 8, wherein said first and second rotors have the member that engages one another, and when the axial distance between described first and second rotors arrived preset distance, the described member that engages one another locked together.

84. a power-transfer clutch comprises:

Clutch mechanism with electric magnetization of first and second rotating elements, in described clutch mechanism, the moment of torsion coupling between described first and second rotating elements is carried out electric magnetization by produce electric current in power-transfer clutch excitation winding;

Stator component with a winding;

Be loaded with described first rotating element of intensity coil, a described intensity coil and a described winding magnetic coupling make that when producing exciting current in a described winding described intensity coil is by described winding excitation;

Described intensity coil is connected to produce electric current in described power-transfer clutch excitation winding, makes that described clutch mechanism is energized when a described winding is energized, and causes the moment of torsion coupling between described first and second rotating elements thus.

85. an acceleration controller comprises:

The input link of user's excitation is connected to the first and second progressive input medias that produce first and second progressive signals respectively, and the polarity of described first and second signals is opposite;

The assisted instruction producer responds described first signal and described secondary signal and be constructed to only just produce the assisted instruction signal when described first and second signals has the level of signal of band predetermined relationship.

86. 5 described controllers according to Claim 8, wherein said input link comprise the accelerator control of vehicle.

87. 5 described controllers according to Claim 8, wherein said input media comprises rheostat.

88. 5 described controllers according to Claim 8, wherein said input media comprises rheostat, and described rheostat has the resistor and the contact brush that contacts described resistor of opposite electrodeization.

89. 5 described controllers further comprise the alarm signal generator that responds described first and second signals according to Claim 8, if described first and second signals drop on outside the described predetermined relationship, then described alarm signal generator produces alarm.

90. 5 described controllers according to Claim 8, wherein said assisted instruction is a progressive signal.

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