CN101481015A - Small-sized foldable multi-wheel multi-column support type landing gear - Google Patents
Small-sized foldable multi-wheel multi-column support type landing gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN101481015A CN101481015A CNA2009100783886A CN200910078388A CN101481015A CN 101481015 A CN101481015 A CN 101481015A CN A2009100783886 A CNA2009100783886 A CN A2009100783886A CN 200910078388 A CN200910078388 A CN 200910078388A CN 101481015 A CN101481015 A CN 101481015A
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Abstract
The invention provides an aircraft landing frame comprising a plurality of machine wheel-wheel frame units and an unfolding and folding drive subassembly, wherein the machine wheel-wheel frame units are arrayed forwards and backwards, each machine wheel-wheel frame unit comprises a machine wheel subassembly and a wheel frame which is used for supporting, unfolding and folding the machine wheel subassembly, and the unfolding and folding drive subassembly is linked with each machine wheel-wheel frame unit and is used for driving the machine wheel-wheel frame units to carry out the folding/unfolding operation of the machine wheel subassembly. In the miniature retractable landing frame with multiple wheels and supporting posts, the supporting posts are folded and unfolded by adopting a simple linking device, and the landing frame can be contained into an internal limited space of a machine body of a miniature unmanned machine and has sufficient strength and rigidity and better practicability and reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of design of small-sized foldable multi-wheel multi-column support type alighting gear, belong to the structure design field of aviation aircraft, the driverless operation that is applicable to SUAV (small unmanned aerial vehicle) that the heavy amount requires and large aircraft contracts than proof machine etc.
Background technology
The present invention is mainly used in the SUAV (small unmanned aerial vehicle) that the alighting gear height is lower, take-off weight is bigger, particularly contracts as the driverless operation of large transport airplane one class aircraft and compares proof machine.
Along with the develop rapidly of Eltec, computer technology, material technology and high precision manufacturing technology, the various performances that are applied to the microminiature propulsion machineries (piston engine, turbojet engine and electrical motor) of the microelectronic device of SUAV (small unmanned aerial vehicle), light strong composite material and big thrust loading are greatly improved.SUAV (small unmanned aerial vehicle) is active in the every field of national defense and military, scientific research and civil aviation, is used to carry out the battlefield investigation, injures aerial missions such as assessment, flight test, aerial mapping.
Take-off and landing device is the important component part of Horizontal Take-off and Landing unmanned plane.The non-retractable monocycly alighting gear (as laminated spring or one-mast support form) of the general employing of SUAV (small unmanned aerial vehicle) now, though this type of alighting gear form is simple, but because the wheel diameter is less, damping performance is poor, to having relatively high expectations of runway, when field work tasks such as execution investigation, remote measurement, be difficult for looking for satisfactory landing site, therefore limited the range of use of unmanned plane greatly.Because alighting gear is non-retractable, cause aircraft drag to increase in addition, also can cause harmful effect airworthinesss such as cruise duration of unmanned plane, the climb rates.
Contract than for the proof machine for driverless operation equally, since contract than proof machine be a kind of and prototype between have the flight test model of a series of similarity criterions such as geometrical similarity, kinematic similarity, be mainly used in the airplane design process overall performance, aerodynamic arrangement, road-holding property/stability etc. studied.But the existing alighting gear and the prototype similarity degree that adopt than proof machine of contracting is lower, can not simulate the dynamic performance of prototype when ground motion well.
Therefore, need the alighting gear of a kind of small-sized retractable multi-wheel and multi-support form of research and design, adopt a plurality of wheels to enlarge area of contact, disperse load, reduce requirement, increase the alighting gear floatability, thereby obtain takeoff and landing performance preferably runway; Alighting gear can be accommodated in internal body in flight course, reduces resistance, improves airworthiness.Simultaneously foldable multi-wheel multi-column support type landing gear is compared with man-machine alighting gear is arranged, and higher similarity is arranged, and contracts and then can better satisfy the requirement of similarity criterion, warranty test effect than proof machine if be applied to driverless operation.
The present invention based on main consideration comprise:
Require the design-calculated alighting gear can be accommodated in the limited space of SUAV (small unmanned aerial vehicle) internal body, and have enough strength and stiffness, have feasibility and reliability preferably, after the scheme of having determined a kind of for example multi-wheel and multi-support alighting gear, just need the details such as jack, lockout mechanism and folding and unfolding engine installation of alighting gear be designed;
The undercarriage control of general aircraft all adopts hydraulic efficiency pressure system as folding and unfolding power, but because hydraulic system structure complexity, weight are big, is not suitable for SUAV (small unmanned aerial vehicle), must adopt lighter, simple folding and unfolding power.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of undercarriage, it can be accommodated in the limited space of SUAV (small unmanned aerial vehicle) internal body, and has enough strength and stiffness.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of undercarriage, it is characterized in that comprising:
A plurality of wheel-the wheel carrier unit that are arranged before and after, each described a plurality of wheel-wheel carrier unit include wheel assembly and being used to and support wheel carrier with the described wheel assembly of folding and unfolding;
With the folding and unfolding driven unit of each described wheel-wheel carrier unit interlock, be used to drive the receiving/releasing operation that described a plurality of wheel-wheel carrier unit is carried out described wheel assembly.
The invention has the advantages that, at the deficiency in the SUAV (small unmanned aerial vehicle) alighting gear design now, provide a kind of pressure gas that adopts as folding and unfolding power, the small-sized foldable multi-wheel multi-column support type alighting gear of succinct linkage is adopted in each pillar folding and unfolding, and it can contract for the driverless operation of blimp/unmanned plane that has the heavy amount to require and large transport airplane class and use than proof machine.Specifically comprise:
1) on 4 reinforced bulkheads of alighting gear and fuselage totally 7 installation portions install by bearing pin jump ring assembly, be convenient to dismounting and maintenance; Be statically determimate structure between alighting gear integral body and the fuselage, can reduce structure internal stress is installed.The used part of each pole unit of left and right sides alighting gear is in full accord to have the height interchangeability.
2) owing to adopted the folding and unfolding link gear, the folding and unfolding that is beneficial between each pole unit is coordinated; Compare with free-standing folding and unfolding actuation mechanism, the every side of alighting gear can reduce by two pressurized struts, has not only alleviated weight, has also reduced structural complexity.
3) folding and unfolding pressurized strut and folding and unfolding link gear are placed alighting gear load-carrying construction top, made full use of the space of alighting gear bulge cabin upper narrow; Replace three small pneumatic cylinders with a larger-size pneumatic cylinders, make it possible to directly adopt off-the-shelf, the required size that is used as power can be guaranteed during undercarriage control simultaneously.
4) adopt the alighting gear of slide-bar-slide rail to lock form, made structure simpler, be convenient to adopt the folding and unfolding link gear; " smile " shape track structure is simple, reliable operation.
5) adjustable length of connecting rod in the folding and unfolding link gear adopts simultaneously bearing pin hinged between the alighting gear load pillar, so but the straightener manufacturing errors of alighting gear installation portion spacing on one's body prevent to install internal stress housing construction produced harmful effect.
6) pneumatic control system adopts brake-folding and unfolding dual gas supply discrete design, can stop the too much pressurized air of brake system consumption undercarriage control is produced harmful effect; This pneumatic control system integrated module of hatch door folding and unfolding in the undercarriage control pilot piping is convenient to structure miniaturization, integrated simultaneously, is beneficial to and contracts than the proof machine complete machine loss of weight and the system integration.
7) gear down rely on venting back folding and unfolding pressurized strut internal reset spring and the effect of wheel assembly self gravitation to finish, help under compressed air line pressure release situation, alighting gear puts down automatically, and these emergent means are simple and reliable, and flight safety than proof machine helps guaranteeing to contract.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall diagram of the right side alighting gear of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the unitary side view of the right side alighting gear of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the front elevation of the right side gear down of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of push and pull system among the embodiment of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of slide track component among the embodiment of Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is the front elevation of the right side alighting gear of Fig. 3 in the stowed position.
Fig. 7 is the outside drawing of the air operated control box of one embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
The present invention mainly is by the appropriate design and the assembling and setting of alighting gear load pillar, folding and unfolding interlock and lockout mechanism, wheel and brake, pneumatic control system are realized.
Technical scheme (with the right side alighting gear is example, and the left side is with it about the vertical plane of symmetry minute surface of fuselage symmetry) below in conjunction with description of drawings concrete enforcement of the present invention:
One embodiment of alighting gear of the present invention as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, alighting gear is connected with for example 4 fuselage reinforced bulkheads 1 respectively by for example 7 installation portions 10, only be fixed with superposed first erection joint 13 on the wherein top fuselage reinforced bulkhead 1, all the other 3 fuselage reinforced bulkheads 1 all are fixed with each one of first erection joint 13 and second erection joint 14, and described installation portion 10 is arranged in first erection joint 13 and second erection joint 14.Be used for alighting gear is installed in the bearing pin that each installation portion 10 on the fuselage reinforced bulkhead 1 is provided with a two ends band trip ring, they can the globality loading and unloading, thereby improve maintainability.Connect with bearing pin between fuselage reinforced bulkhead 1, second pole 6 and the installing connecting rods 9, the three forms a triangle statically determimate structure, does not have the internal stress of installation, and the loading transfer path is simple.
Every side alighting gear main force support structure comprises that for example three loads prop up pole unit, and each load pillar unit comprises first pole 4 and second pole 6 that forms the triangle load-bearing frame with fuselage.The upper end of one the 3rd pole 7 and second pole 6 are hinged, and the 3rd pole 7 can be around this hinge rotation.A middle part support arm 701 of the 3rd pole 7 is kneeled the formula shock mitigation system with bumper 5 one of hinged formation, and bumper 5 adopts the finished product Shock absorber, is made up of liquid damper and spring.This shock mitigation system has obstacle climbing ability preferably.The terminal anchor ear forms that adopt of the 3rd pole 7 are installed wheel shafts, and two wheels 8 are installed on the wheel shaft side by side, and wheel 8 adopts rubber tire and aluminium alloy wheel hubs, and wheel hub inner integrated pneumatic drum brakes assembly.
The folding and unfolding link gear
The folding and unfolding interlock of this alighting gear and lockout mechanism can adopt four-bar linkage and slide block rocker mechanism commonly used in the machine design, the one specific embodiment as shown in Figure 3, wherein the 3rd pole 7, bumper 5, rocking arm 3, second pole 6 and be used for each other pivotally attached rocker shaft 15, gudgeon 16, lower bearing pin 17 and upper pin 18 are formed a four-bar linkage down; Folding and unfolding connecting rod assembly 12, rocking arm 3 and slide track component 2 are formed a slide block rocker mechanism.Rocking arm 3 comprises that first continuous support arm 301 and second support arm, 302, the first support arms 301 and second support arm 302 are connected with each other at a connecting portion, and described connecting portion pivotally is fixed on the rocker shaft 15, and rocker shaft 15 is fixed with respect to fuselage.
As shown in Figure 4, in this embodiment, every cover folding and unfolding connecting rod assembly 12 comprises connecting rod first joint 21, connecting rod second joint 19, slide-bar 20 and connecting rod 22.The steel slide-bar 20 two ends diameters of axle are more smaller than middle, and the centre is equipped with a radial direction through hole, is threaded with connecting rod second joint 19 by this hole.Connecting rod 22 is connected with connecting rod first joint 21 usefulness minus threads, connecting rod 22 be connected second joint, 19 usefulness right-hand screw threads and connect, directly twisting connecting rod 22 can be by the length of positive and negative threaded adjustment connecting rod assembly 12.Mouth is equipped with the folding and unfolding pressurized strut 11 of connecting rod second joint 19 and two cover folding and unfolding connecting rod assemblies 12 and joins end to end and form a cover folding and unfolding push and pull system.
As shown in Figure 5, in this embodiment, every cover slide track component 2 comprises two coulisses 23 and two coulisse joint pins 24, and the two connects with screw.Coulisse joint pin 24 two ends are provided with tapped bore, are used for being connected with coulisse 23.Coulisse 23 adopts the thick aluminium sheet of 2mm to be processed into, and has " smile " shape folding and unfolding chute 231 that the by-level two ends upwarp above, and the width of folding and unfolding chute 231 is than the slide-bar 20 two ends diameters of axle bigger (for example, big in one embodiment of the invention 0.2mm).
The folding and unfolding procedure declaration of alighting gear is as follows: when gear up, give the folding and unfolding pressurized strut 11 ventilations, pressurized strut 11 internal pistons promote connecting rod assembly 12 forward, motion in the chute 303 of the slide-bar 20 of the other end of connecting rod on folding and unfolding chute 231 and rocking arm 3, and promotion rocking arm 3, make rocking arm 3 around rocker shaft 15 clickwises, the rocking arm 3 of rotation drives the 3rd pole 7 by bumper 5 and rotates, when slide-bar 20 in Fig. 3 arrow direction when folding and unfolding chute 231 remote points, on alighting gear wheel 8 was received fully, effect as shown in Figure 6.When gear down, give pneumatic cylinders 11 venting, retracing spring in the pressurized strut 11 pushes back piston, drivening rod assembly 12 retreats; rocking arm 3 just under the effect of slide-bar 20 around rocker shaft 15 left-hand revolutions, drive the 3rd pole 7 by bumper 5 equally and rotate, after slide-bar 20 arrives the proximal points of folding and unfolding chutes 231; alighting gear puts down fully, and effect is as shown in Figure 3.
Lockout mechanism
For the deployable and collapsible alighting gear, airplane design regulation and stipulation alighting gear must be able to lock in down state, so that the structure static determinacy can bear aircraft landing, slide the landing load when running and parking.Alighting gear also must lock under collapsed state, prevents that the alighting gear accident is put down in the flight course.Design-calculated alighting gear of the present invention is to realize locking by the mechanism that slide-bar 20, " smile " shape folding and unfolding chute 231 and rocking arm 3 threes form.Folding and unfolding chute 231 two ends respectively have a bit of 232 to upwarp, the line of centers of this segment chute 232 respectively with the shift fork central lines of alighting gear rocking arm 3 when packing up with down state, the intersection point of chute 231 two ends line of centerss is the center of rocker shaft 15.When alighting gear during in down state, slide-bar 20 is subjected to the effect of folding and unfolding pressurized strut retracing spring, be positioned at the proximal points of chute 231 and be restricted, will pack up as if alighting gear this moment, must make rocking arm 3 rotate, rocking arm 3 is if rotation must make slide-bar 20 perpendicular to the direction motion that upwarps track 232, but slide-bar 20 is subjected to the restriction of chute 231 in the motion of this direction, can't move, so alighting gear is locked.Alighting gear locking principle when packing up is identical when putting down.
Pneumatic control system
Design-calculated pneumatic control system principal feature is to have adopted folding and unfolding-brake dual gas supply discrete design among the present invention, integrated hatch door folding and unfolding controllable function, the function and the brake time-delay and the adjustable function of dynamics that have undercarriage control, hatch door folding and unfolding adjustable-speed simultaneously.
Because aircraft needs aircraft is checked in the debug process of ground,, behind ground contact, also need apply the brakes that aircraft is slowed down, so the brake system duration of ventilation is longer so that carry out power system debugging and other various ground dead work.For preventing that brake from consuming too much pressurized air undercarriage control is caused harmful effect in the process of working long hours, so brake system and landing-gear system use independent separately source of the gas respectively.
The main body of this pneumatic control system is an air operated control box 36, its exact shape as shown in Figure 7, being provided with two gas source interfaces above is brake system gas source interface 25, extension and retraction system gas source interface 26, two compression indicators are respectively extension and retraction system Pressure monitoring table 27 and brake system Pressure monitoring table 35, led folding and unfolding pressurized strut interface 29, the preceding folding and unfolding pressurized strut interface 30 that rises, a plurality of delivery conduit interfaces such as hatch door folding and unfolding pressurized strut interface 31 and braking action interface 32 also have three way switch steering wheel control signal input interface 28 simultaneously, folding and unfolding speed setting knob 33 and braking strength adjusting knob 34.
System of the present invention, its installation process example is as follows.At first, set alighting gear installation portion 10 on the fuselage reinforced bulkhead is installed to the main landing gear assembly on the fuselage reinforced bulkhead 1 by bearing pin-back-up ring assembly.Be screwed into the length of thread of joint and the length of adjusting folding and unfolding link gear connecting rod assembly by regulating folding and unfolding pressurized strut piston rod then, make the slide-bar of pressurized strut piston rod each pole unit under the situation that ejects fully and push back fully can both be positioned at the position that gear up locks and puts down locking.
Then connect pneumatic pilot line between air operated control box, undercarriage control pressurized strut, the pneumatic drum brakes with the pressure gas conduit of suitable length and caliber.
Link to each other with each control signal input interface in the air operated control box with the corresponding signal passage of signal wire (SW) then, and on telecommand equipment, adjust the stroke of each control channel, reach and on telecommand equipment, can control the purpose that each switch opens and closes remote control receiver.
Connect source of the gas and adjust the pipeline gaseous tension.
So just finished the installation of total system, this Landing Gear System just can be applied to driverless operation for example and contract than the ground experiment of proof machine or SUAV (small unmanned aerial vehicle) and flight test.On telecommand equipment, pull the switch of corresponding control channel when needing, can realize the folding and unfolding of alighting gear and the folding of wheel braking.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of undercarriage is characterized in that comprising:
A plurality of wheel-the wheel carrier unit that are arranged before and after, each described a plurality of wheel-wheel carrier unit include wheel assembly (8) and are used for the wheel carrier of support and the described wheel assembly of folding and unfolding (8);
With the folding and unfolding driven unit (11,12,2) of each described wheel-wheel carrier unit interlock, be used to drive the receiving/releasing operation that described a plurality of wheel-wheel carrier unit is carried out described wheel assembly (8).
2, undercarriage according to claim 1 is characterized in that described wheel carrier comprises a fixed pedestal part and a movable folding and unfolding part,
Described fixed support portion branch comprises first pole (4) and second pole (6), first end of first end of described first pole (4) and second pole (6) is fixedly connected on the fuselage respectively, second end of second end of described first pole (4) and second pole (6) is connected with each other, has the described fixed pedestal part of triangle load support function thereby form
Described movable folding and unfolding partly comprises
One the 3rd pole (7), the lower hinge of one end and described fixed pedestal part, its other end is used to install the wheel shaft of described wheel, and described the 3rd pole (7) comprises a middle part support arm (701),
A rocking arm (3), it comprises continuous first support arm (301) and second support arm (302), described first support arm (301) and second support arm (302) are connected with each other at a connecting portion, described connecting portion pivotally is fixed on the rocker shaft (15), described rocker shaft (15) is fixed with respect to fuselage
A wheel carrier connecting rod (5), its upper end is connected pivotly with the free end of described first support arm (301), and its lower end is connected pivotly with the free end of described middle part support arm (701).
3, undercarriage according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
Described folding and unfolding driven unit (11,12,2) comprises
Folding and unfolding pressurized strut (11),
By the folding and unfolding connecting rod (12) that described folding and unfolding pressurized strut (11) activates, described folding and unfolding connecting rod (12) has respectively and the cooresponding slide-bar of each described wheel-wheel carrier unit (20),
With respect to fuselage fix and respectively with the cooresponding a plurality of slide rail parts of each described wheel-wheel carrier unit (2), have first chute (231) that matches with corresponding described slide-bar (20) in each slide rail parts (2),
The free end of described second support arm is provided with second chute (303) that matches with corresponding described slide-bar (20).
4, undercarriage according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described folding and unfolding connecting rod (12) comprises end to end many covers connecting rod assembly, every suit connecting rod assembly comprises a connecting rod section (22) and is arranged on the first connecting rod joint (21) and the second connecting rod joint (19) of described connecting rod section (22) head and the tail, described connecting rod section (22) is connected with minus thread with described first connecting rod joint (21), is connected with right-hand screw thread with described second jointing (19).
5, undercarriage according to claim 4 is characterized in that, each described slide-bar (20) all is arranged on its corresponding described second connecting rod joint (19).
6, undercarriage according to claim 5 is characterized in that described slide-bar (20) the two ends diameter of axle is more smaller than middle, and the centre is equipped with a radial direction through hole, is threaded with described second connecting rod joint (19) by this hole.
7, undercarriage according to claim 3, respectively there is a bit of part (232) that upwarps at the two ends that it is characterized in that described first chute (231), the line of centers that this two segment upwarps part (232) respectively with the shift fork central lines of described undercarriage described rocking arm (3) when packing up with down state, the described intersection point that upwarps the line of centers of part at described chute (231) two ends is the center of described rocker shaft (15).
8, undercarriage according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
Described second pole (6) of the first wheel-wheel carrier unit in described a plurality of wheel-wheel carrier unit captives joint with one first fuselage reinforced bulkhead (1) by an installing connecting rods (9) with described second end that described first pole (4) is connected with each other,
Described first end of described second pole (6) of described first wheel-wheel carrier unit is captiveed joint with the described first fuselage reinforced bulkhead (1),
Described first end of described first pole (4) of described first wheel-wheel carrier unit is captiveed joint with one second fuselage reinforced bulkhead (1),
Described second pole (6) of the second wheel-wheel carrier unit in described a plurality of wheel-wheel carrier unit captives joint with the described second fuselage reinforced bulkhead (1) by an installing connecting rods (9) with described second end that described first pole (4) is connected with each other,
Described first end of described second pole (6) of described second wheel-wheel carrier unit is captiveed joint with the described second fuselage reinforced bulkhead (1),
Described first end of described first pole (4) of described second wheel-wheel carrier unit is captiveed joint with one the 3rd fuselage reinforced bulkhead (1).
9, undercarriage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that also comprising a pneumatic control system, wherein be provided with discrete brake control source of the gas and extension and retraction system source of the gas, described extension and retraction system source of the gas is described folding and unfolding driven unit (11,12,2) air feed.
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CNA2009100783886A CN101481015A (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2009-02-27 | Small-sized foldable multi-wheel multi-column support type landing gear |
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CNA2009100783886A CN101481015A (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2009-02-27 | Small-sized foldable multi-wheel multi-column support type landing gear |
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CN 201010234863 Division CN101879943B (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2009-02-27 | Small-size retractable multi-wheel and multi-support undercarriage |
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