CN101478510B - Adaptive equalizer and receiver system using the equalizer - Google Patents
Adaptive equalizer and receiver system using the equalizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single carrier frequency domain self-adaptive equalizer using data self-circulation characteristics and a receiver system using the equalizer. The single carrier frequency domain self-adaptive equalizer comprises a frequency domain self-adaptive filter including an FFT and IFFT module for time/frequency conversion of digital signals, and a frequency domain equalizing module; and a controller for providing length parameters of self-circulating data blocks and length parameters of updated input data blocks of the FFT and IFFT conversion module. The single carrier frequency domain self-adaptive equalize can improve the utilization rate of the system frequency bands, has the simplest implementation complexity, and can rapidly and accurately estimate channel fading according to the channel estimation and adjust the estimation result according to the self-adaptive algorithm to acquire good performance in both of a time invariant channel and a fast time varying channel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the receiver system that a kind of single-carrier frequency-domain adaptive equalizer uses this equalizer, the frequency domain adaptive equalizer that refers in particular to the data self-loopa characteristic of utilizing signal frame uses the receiver system of this equalizer, belongs to frequency domain adaptive equalizer field.
Background technology
Single carrier transmission technology SC-FDE based on frequency domain equalization is a kind of method that solves the intersymbol interference problem in the single carrier system of broadband wireless communication.SC-FDE combines the advantage of OFDM and single carrier transmission effectively, has used the very high FFT computing of computational efficiency, and complexity and the OFDM of Digital Signal Processing are suitable.The SC-FDE system has the stronger ability that overcomes frequency selective fading, and has overcome the part deficiency of ofdm system.If the SC-FDE system combines with the time domain decision feedback equalization, can strengthen the ability that system's anti-multipath disturbs after frequency domain equalization.So cheap power amplifier can be used expeditiously, thereby makes the mobile terminal with longer stand-by time and battery life become comparatively cheap.
The reception signal of digital receiver can be subject to the impact of synchronism deviation, channel fading and various noises, supposing the system has been completed the impact of having eliminated synchronism deviation in synchronous or signal, receives linear convolution and superimposed noise component that signal just can simply be expressed as transmitted signal and channel time domain impulse response:
y＝h*x+w (5)
Wherein, h is the channel time domain impulse response, and x is transmitted signal (comprising frame head PN and frame data d), and w is noise, sees at frequency domain:
Y＝HX+W (6)
The convolution that the SC-FDE system just is based on two sequences of time domain is equivalent to the product of their Fourier transform, use as shown in Figure 1 the FFT computing, with the time-domain signal y (n that receives, l) grouping block transforms to frequency domain Y (n, k), then carry out equilibrium at frequency domain and obtain, obtain after equilibrium
Get back to time domain with the IFFT conversion again
Adjudicate the estimated value that just can obtain transmitted signal in time domain
The pseudo static assumption of supposing channel can satisfy:
X(n，k)＝FFT
N[x(n，l)]，0≤k≤N-1(1)
If the length at protection interval postpones greater than the maximum multipath of channel, have in Fig. 1 so:
Y (n, k)=X (n, k) H (n, k)+W (n, k) can access the estimated value of channel response by channel estimating
Can realize at frequency domain balanced:
And the final time-domain signal that obtains non-distortion by the IFFT conversion:
Traditional single carrier frequency domain equalization has two kinds of signal frame structure: Cyclic Prefix (CP) and special word (UW).The former repeats to be put into the data segment front to the data segment tail data at transmitting terminal, usually said Cyclic Prefix namely, can guarantee the cycle characteristics of data like this, obtain the circular convolution (CP) of data and channel impulse response, adopt the single-carrier system of Cyclic Prefix as shown in Figure 1, because the variation along with data of the content of CP changes, be unforeseen, therefore can not be used for channel estimating and synchronous; another kind is called the mode of special word (UW), all put an identical known array in the front and back of data segment exactly, sequence length can cover multidiameter, guarantee like this cycle characteristics of data, the difference of special word and Cyclic Prefix as shown in Figure 2, yet existing these two kinds of structures all face the lower problem of band efficiency, use separately the mode of Cyclic Prefix to make estimation accurately for channel, actual with in need to complete estimation for channel by means of insert a large amount of pilot tones in data, can reduce the band efficiency of system transmissions like this, special word (UW) although mode can not rely on pilot tone and complete estimation for channel, because the known array that a segment length can cover multidiameter will be inserted in the front and back in each frame signal, the band efficiency of system is also lower.Be the performance that existing frequency domain equalization algorithm can not well be taken into account time invariant channel and high speed time varying channel, only use frequency domain adaptive equalization algorithm accuracy high, but tracking velocity be slow; The tapping-preset tap speed of exporting to frequency-domain equalizer of use channel estimating is fast but accuracy is inadequate; and new Chinese terrestrial DTV national standard (the standard number GB 20600-2006 that works out, hereinafter to be referred as GB) signal frame structure that adopts is more special, realize digital receiver if adopt single carrier frequency domain equalization, need to be for the design of PN sequence frame head and the symbol protection interval filling mode research frequency domain equalization algorithm of GB uniqueness, requirement guarantees in the situation that the band efficiency of system's maximum receives function obtains carrier-to-noise ratio performance outstanding below non-time varying frequency selective channel and take into account fast Acquisition and tracking performance below quick time-varying channel.
Summary of the invention
For related problem in as above background technology, the technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is: the frequency-domain equalizer that is simple and easy to realize is provided and uses the receiver system of this equalizer for unique frame head design of GB.
Technical method provided by the invention is: for GB fixedly frame head PN595 single carrier mode adopt a kind of receiver system that utilizes the frequency domain adaptive equalizer of data self-loopa and use this equalizer namely:
1, a kind of adaptive equalizer comprises:
Adaptive frequency domain filter, when having for data-signal/FFT and IFFT module and the frequency domain equalization module of frequency domain conversion, and
Controller provides the length parameter of the input block of the FFT of the length parameter of data block of self-loopa and renewal and IFFT modular converter.
Handled each data block of described adaptive frequency domain filter is become by N data symbols, N=n*4375 wherein, and n is natural number.
Described adaptive frequency domain filter comprises N point fft processor and N point IFFT processor, N=n*4375 wherein, and n is natural number.
Described adaptive frequency domain filter comprises the frequency domain equalization filter, and described frequency domain equalization filter can adopt the equilibrium based on ZF (ZF) criterion, also can adopt the block LMS self adaptation of frequency domain convergence algorithm balanced.
Described frequency domain equalization filter can adopt linearity or adopt nonlinear balanced way.
A kind of receiver system that uses adaptive equalizer, it comprises:
Analog-to-digital conversion module carries out analog-to-digital conversion to input data wherein;
The synchronous module of recovering, the synchronous processing that input data are wherein carried out;
String and modular converter are completed string and translation function to the input data, obtain the data block of parallel output
Adaptive balance module comprises: adaptive frequency domain filter, when having for data-signal/FFT and IFFT module and the frequency domain equalization module of frequency domain conversion, and
Controller provides the length parameter of the input block of the FFT of the length parameter of data block of self-loopa and renewal and IFFT modular converter.
Described controller produces the points N of data block length parameter N and FFT/IFFT conversion module dynamically, and adjusts the parameters such as step-length of filter according to the output error signal self adaptation of the output of channel estimating and judging module.
The receiver system of described use adaptive equalizer also comprises judging module, described adaptive frequency domain filter can adopt based on ZF (ZF) criterion or the block LMS self adaptation of frequency domain convergence algorithm and carry out equilibrium, can adopt linearity or adopt nonlinear balanced way, when the linear frequency domain equalization that adopts based on Zero Forcing, judging module can be omitted.
The self-loopa characteristic that has of described data is that length for the header signal of PN sequence is the fixedly frame head of 595 symbols.
Described adaptive balance module comprises N point fft processor and N point IFFT processor, N=n*4375 wherein, and n is natural number; The data block of described self-loopa is become by N data symbols, N=n*4375 wherein, and n is natural number.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: first, this method has improved the band system band utilance: the method for Cyclic Prefix (CP) is to have repeated to send a part of unknown data, unnecessary data can not be used for assisted channel estimation, and the present invention is the PN sequence, can assisted channel estimation, saved other pilot tones and various Given information.And special word (UW) method repeats to send known training sequence, although more approaching on the mode of frequency restoration signal, tackle equally the multipath channel of same delay, the mode of special word need to double the known array length at system protection interval.And this method only need to be doubled in the known array at system protection interval as redundant information; Generally speaking, method of the present invention has the highest band efficiency.
The second, the present invention has utilized the fixedly self-loopa characteristic of frame head signal frame of GB, has adopted length 4375, or N=n*4375, n is natural number, i.e. the FFT/IFFT conversion of 4375 integral multiple is completed for the conversion between the time-frequency domain of data, has the simplest implementation complexity.
The 3rd, the present invention utilizes channel estimating to estimate fast and accurately for the decline of channel, and the combining adaptive algorithm adjusts estimated result, guarantees can obtain good performance at time invariant channel and quick time-varying channel environment.
Description of drawings
To the description of embodiments of the invention in conjunction with its accompanying drawing, can further understand purpose, specific structural features and the advantage of its invention by following.Wherein, accompanying drawing is:
Fig. 1 is: single carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) baseband system block diagram
Fig. 2 is: use the comparison of Cyclic Prefix (CP) and the special word of use (UW) in system
Fig. 3 is: the GB single carrier is the data self-loopa diagram of frame head mode fixedly
Fig. 4 is: GB is frame head single carrier (PN595C=1) transmission mode receiver system block diagram fixedly
Fig. 5 is: the output SINR convergence curve of Chinese 8 static channel
Fig. 6 is: the output SINR curve (100Hz maximum Doppler frequency offset) of Bad Urban dynamic channel
Embodiment
Specifically introduce with reference to the accompanying drawings various embodiment of the present invention, structure or function identical in figure mark with identical numeral.Should be noted that, the purpose of accompanying drawing just is convenient to the explanation to the specific embodiment of the invention, is not a kind of unnecessary narration or limitation of the scope of the invention, and in addition, accompanying drawing there is no need to draw in proportion.
In digital tv ground broadcasting, consider that channel circumstance is very abominable, master footpath signal has been blocked fully by building when Mobile Transmission, it is the stack of the multipath signal of various reflections in the signal that receives, be embodied on frequency domain is exactly frequency selective fading, within the system bandwidth scope, amplitude and the phase rotating of different frequency fading rises have very big-difference.The frequency domain adaptive equalizer is exactly the fluctuating of filling up on these frequency domains.
Specific embodiment is as follows: the FB(flow block) of whole receiver system is used the receiver system of adaptive equalizer as shown in Figure 4, comprising: analog-to-digital conversion module 100, carry out analog-to-digital conversion to input data wherein; The synchronous module 200 of recovering, the synchronous processing that input data are wherein carried out; String and modular converter 300 are completed string and translation function to the input data, obtain the data block of parallel output; Adaptive balance module, the self-loopa characteristic of utilizing the data after synchronous the processing to have, and utilize channel estimating to estimate fast and accurately for the decline of channel, and the combining adaptive algorithm adjusts estimated result, carries out the frequency domain adaptive equilibrium; Judging module 800 is completed the decision function for the time-domain signal of equilibrium output, obtains the time domain judgement constellation point value of time domain error signal and data.
the data that receive are with input data process analog-to-digital conversion modules (A/D) 100, input data are wherein carried out analog-to-digital conversion, then after the conversion data enter synchronous recovery module 200, the synchronous module 200 of recovering comprises carrier synchronization 201, 203 3 parts of Timing Synchronization 202 and frame synchronization, input data are wherein carried out respectively corresponding synchronous the processing, output data after frame synchronization again through the string and modular converter 300 go here and there and data transaction after, complete string and translation function to the input data, obtain the data block of parallel output, namely obtain the input signal of the main part of adaptive equalizer of the present invention.
Above-mentioned input signal is further given adaptive equalizer of the present invention (being the adaptive balance module of receiver system), described adaptive equalizer, comprise: when having for data-signal/FFT of frequency domain conversion and the adaptive frequency domain filter 1000 of IFFT module and frequency domain equalization module, and the controller 900 of length parameter that the input block of the FFT of the length parameter of data block of self-loopa and renewal and IFFT modular converter is provided.
Described controller 900 can produce the points N of data block length parameter N and FFT/IFFT conversion module dynamically, i.e. N=n*4375, and n is natural number; And adjust the parameters such as step-length of filter according to the output error signal self adaptation of the output of channel estimating and judging module.
Described adaptive frequency domain filter 1000 comprises: channel estimation module 400, N point fft processor 500, frequency domain equalization module 600, and N point IFFT processor 700.
Then, the input signal of giving adaptive equalizer of the present invention further enters channel estimation module 400 and N point fft processor 500, be the data block y (n) that the input signal of channel estimation module 400 and N point fft processor 500 is parallel output, the frequency domain response signal of the channel estimation module 400 current channels of output is
N point fft processor 500 is transformed into frequency domain output Y (n), the output that is input as channel estimation module 400 of frequency domain equalization module 600 with input signal
With the output Y (n) of N point fft processor 500, the balanced and output that frequency domain equalization module 600 is completed for fading signal at frequency domain obtains signal
The input of N point IFFT processor 700 is
N point IFFT processor 700 is exported frequency domain equalization
Be transformed into time domain and obtain output signal
This is also the final output of whole adaptive frequency domain filter 1000; The final output signal of described adaptive frequency domain filter 1000 continues to enter decision device module 800, and namely the input signal of decision device module 800 is
In the decision function of having completed for the time-domain signal of equilibrium output, obtain the time domain judgement constellation point value of time domain error signal and data, output signal is afterwards
And e (n).Above-mentioned digital signal y (n),
With
It can be real number signal, it can be also complex signal, and above-mentioned controller 900 can move the parameters such as step-length of adjusting filter according to the output error signal self adaptation of the output of channel estimation module 400 and decision device module 800, the decline of channel is estimated fast and accurately, and the combining adaptive algorithm adjusts estimated result, guarantees can obtain good performance at time invariant channel and quick time-varying channel environment.
Described adaptive frequency domain filter 1000 is the frequency domain equalization filter, can be real filter in form, can be also complex filter.
For above-mentioned frequency domain equalization module 600, if complete the frequency domain equalization that the based on data piece is processed, must guarantee the length parameter of the self-loopa characteristic of data, in this invention: at first, because the inter-area traffic interarea that the fixing frame head of PN sequence is arranged in GB is completed and automatically realized the self-loopa of data block after synchronous through the synchronous module 200 of recovering, and give N point fft processor 500 processing; Secondly, the length of data block is also length parameter N and the N point fft processor 500 of self-loopa characteristic, and the points N that reaches the FFT/IFFT conversion of N point IFFT processor 700 is 4375 positive integer multiple, and N=n*4375, n are natural numbers.
the maximum delay of supposing multipath is the individual code element of L (＜595), due to the fixing characteristics of frame head, the length that is header signal is the fixedly frame head of 595 symbols, and the PN sequence of adjacent two frames is identical data always, if a rear frame frame head PN sequence is regarded as the extension of current frame data, the data block of present frame is exactly to consist of (3780 these frame data symbol+595 after a frame head known pseudo-random training sequence) by 4375 symbols like this, this situation is corresponding to N=1*4375, if at this time the maximum multipath of channel postpones within the system protection interval, and window with the most front multi-path location, the length of window is 4375, can find that in window, data have realized self-loopa, so just just can replace linear convolution with circular convolution without any need for unnecessary processing, these characteristics more are conducive to the realization of frequency domain equalization.Equally for the situation of N=2*4375, former frame data, this frame frame head, these frame data and a rear frame frame head can be made as a whole data block, 8750 symbols altogether, the rest may be inferred, and other state description does not repeat them here.
Owing to having adopted the fixedly frame head of PN sequence in the GB, like this
The interval channel of adjacent two frames can be regarded as quasistatic, can obtain h (i)
n=h (i)
n+1, might as well be h (i)
nAnd h (i)
n+1All remember and be h (i), a front L-1 time-domain symbol can be expressed as:
In Fig. 3, A part and B are partly of equal value like this, as shown in Figure 4, this frame frame data and next frame frame head PN sequence are regarded as an integral body, just can consist of the data block with self-loopa characteristic, that is:
Y(n，k)＝FFF
4375[y
cyc(l)
n](9)
Certainly at this time just need to use and be equivalent to FFT conversion that whole frame number of symbols counts the data block of channel time domain impulse response and self-loopa is transformed into frequency domain.
When system bandwidth is 7.56MHz, when 16QAM and the mapping of 64QAM constellation point are adopted in the mapping of system, time domain equalization technology in the past all can not well be worked below following several noisy channels environment, and balancing technique of the present invention balanced effect in following several situations is greatly improved:
1: send data constellation point and adopt the 16QAM mapping, white Gaussian noise 18dB, Chinese 8 static channel of channel.
2: send data constellation point and adopt the 64QAM mapping, white Gaussian noise 23dB, Chinese 8 static channel of channel.
3: send data constellation point and adopt 16QAM mapping, white Gaussian noise 23dB, channel Bad Urban dynamic channel, maximum Doppler 100Hz.
Be that the present invention is applied in digital television ground broadcast transmission system, can effectively to multipath effect and Doppler effect in the antinoise signal transmission, realize the high-quality mobile reception function of digital television signal.
SINR simulation curve used herein is that the difference of exporting the accurate data symbol of data symbol and transmitting terminal balanced according to every frame obtains, and computing formula is:
S wherein
QAM 2Expression transmitting terminal constellation point mould value square, Err
QAM 2Be the mould value square of balanced output data symbol and transmitting terminal data symbol difference, as seen this SINR parameter is a kind of effectively the measuring for each frame data symbol M SE.
Above-mentioned 1 and 2 output SINR performance curve as shown in Figure 5.Show the operating state of the method under 16QAM and the high constellation point pattern of 64QAM below non-time-variant multipath channel.
Above-mentioned 3 output SINR performance curve as shown in Figure 6.Show the operating state of the method under the 16QAM pattern below quick time-variant multipath channel.
Compare with existing frequency-domain equilibrium method and equalizer, the present invention has had improvement aspect three:
The first, this method has improved the band system band utilance.The method of Cyclic Prefix (CP) is to have repeated to send a part of unknown data, and unnecessary data can not be used for assisted channel estimation, and the method redundance is the PN sequence, can assisted channel estimation, saved other pilot tones and various Given information.And special word (UW) method repeats to send known training sequence, although more approaching on the mode of frequency restoration signal, tackle equally the multipath channel of same delay, the mode of special word need to double the known array length at system protection interval.And this method only need to be doubled in the known array at system protection interval as redundant information.Generally speaking, method of the present invention has the highest band efficiency.
The second, the present invention has utilized the fixedly self-loopa characteristic of frame head signal frame of GB, has adopted length 4375, or N=n*4375, n is natural number, i.e. the FFT/IFFT conversion of 4375 integral multiple is completed for the conversion between the time-frequency domain of data, has the simplest implementation complexity.
The 3rd, the present invention utilizes channel estimating to estimate fast and accurately for the decline of channel, and the combining adaptive algorithm adjusts estimated result, guarantees can obtain good performance at time invariant channel and quick time-varying channel environment.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not the present invention is done any pro forma restriction.Any those of ordinary skill in the art are not breaking away from the technology of the present invention method scope situation, utilize the method content of above-mentioned announcement to make many possible changes and modification to the technology of the present invention method, all belong to the scope of claims protection.
Claims (9)
1. adaptive equalizer comprises:
Adaptive frequency domain filter, when having for data-signal/FFT and IFFT module and the frequency domain equalization module of frequency domain conversion, and
Controller provides the length parameter of the input block of the FFT of the length parameter of data block of self-loopa and renewal and IFFT modular converter;
Described FFT module input data length is current frame data length 3780 and the fixing integral multiple of frame head length 595 sums 4375;
Described controller produces the points N of data block length parameter N and FFT/IFFT conversion module dynamically, and wherein, N=n*4375, n are natural numbers, and adjusts the step-length of filter according to the output error signal self adaptation of the output of channel estimating and judging module.
2. adaptive equalizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: handled each data block of described adaptive frequency domain filter is become by N data symbols, N=n*4375 wherein, n is natural number.
3. adaptive equalizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described adaptive frequency domain filter comprises N point fft processor and N point IFFT processor, N=n*4375 wherein, n is natural number.
4. adaptive equalizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described frequency domain equalization module adopts the equilibrium based on ZF (ZF) criterion, or adopts the block LMS self adaptation of frequency domain convergence algorithm balanced.
5. adaptive equalizer according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described frequency domain equalization module employing linearity or nonlinear balanced way.
6. receiver system that uses adaptive equalizer, it comprises:
Analog-to-digital conversion module carries out analog-to-digital conversion to input data wherein;
The synchronous module of recovering, the synchronous processing that input data are wherein carried out;
String and modular converter are completed string and translation function to the input data, obtain the data block of parallel output
Adaptive balance module, comprise: adaptive frequency domain filter, when having for data-signal/and FFT and IFFT module and the frequency domain equalization module of frequency domain conversion, described FFT module input data length is current frame data length and the fixing integral multiple of frame head length sum, and
Controller, the length parameter of the input block of the FFT of the length parameter of data block of self-loopa and renewal and IFFT modular converter is provided, described controller produces the points N of data block length parameter N and FFT/IFFT conversion module dynamically, wherein, N=n*4375, n is natural number, and adjusts the step-length of filter according to the output error signal self adaptation of the output of channel estimating and judging module.
7. the receiver system of this adaptive equalizer of use according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the receiver system of described use adaptive equalizer also comprises judging module, described adaptive frequency domain filter adopts based on ZF (ZF) criterion or the block LMS self adaptation of frequency domain convergence algorithm and carries out equilibrium, adopt linear or nonlinear balanced way, when the linear frequency domain equalization that adopts based on Zero Forcing, judging module can be omitted.
8. the receiver system of use adaptive equalizer according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the self-loopa characteristic that has of described data is that length for the header signal of PN sequence is the fixedly frame head of 595 symbols.
9. the receiver system of this adaptive equalizer of use according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described adaptive balance module comprises N point fft processor and N point IFFT processor, N=n*4375 wherein, n is natural number; The data block of described self-loopa is become by N data symbols, N=n*4375 wherein, and n is natural number.
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| CN109716664B (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2020-06-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | Comb filtering noise elimination method and device and frequency domain self-adaptive equalization device |
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