CN101476813B - 一种煤气化装置来原料气的分离方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种煤气化装置来原料气的分离方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101476813B
CN101476813B CN2009100582196A CN200910058219A CN101476813B CN 101476813 B CN101476813 B CN 101476813B CN 2009100582196 A CN2009100582196 A CN 2009100582196A CN 200910058219 A CN200910058219 A CN 200910058219A CN 101476813 B CN101476813 B CN 101476813B
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周勇
李传明
王磊
黄顺泰
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Chengdu Shuyuan Coal & Basic Energy Technology Co., Ltd.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种煤气化装置来的基本组分为一氧化碳，氢气和甲烷的原料气，将一氧化碳/氢气分离成一股流体供下游作为合成气，分离液化甲烷(LNG)为另一股流体进行商业销售的分离系统。该分离系统采用洗涤塔、CH4-CO精馏塔双塔流程，通过合理控制回流比，大部分原料合成气经洗涤后在塔顶形成甲烷含量低于1％的合成气；洗涤后的液相送入CH4-CO精馏塔，分离出来的CH4液化为LNG。由于CH4-CO精馏塔流量小，与单塔流程相比减少分离功耗10％，而且塔板数也可以减少；双塔流程降低了塔高、节约了成本，同时又使从原料合成气到返回的合成气阻力损耗最小。本发明废气排放量少、环保、节能，具有很好的经济效益和社会效益。

Description

一种煤气化装置来原料气的分离方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种煤气化装置来原料气的分离方法和装置。
背景技术
目前化工厂的煤气化装置来的原料气，基本组分为CO、CH4、H2，由于其中甲烷气CH4的存在，对利用原料气合成氨或合成甲醇非常不利，影响产品的合成率并增加能耗。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种可有效分离、利用甲烷气，具有环保、节能、成本低特点的煤气化装置来原料气的分离方法和装置。
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明的煤气化装置来原料气的分离方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)经净化处理的原料气在换热器中冷却到-165℃--160℃；
(2)经冷却的原料气进入洗涤塔，控制洗涤塔的回流比为0.05-0.1，在塔顶获得CH4含量小于等于1％的合成气；
(3)合成气经LNG过冷器和换热器复热后引出；
(4)从洗涤塔底部引出主要含CO和CH4组分的液相，节流后进入CH4-CO精镏塔精馏；
(5)从精镏塔顶出来的部分气体在精镏塔塔顶的冷凝器(K601)中被冷凝，冷凝的液体经液体泵(COP601/2)加压后一部分作为精镏塔的回流液，另一部分进入洗涤塔作为洗涤塔的回流液；
(6)从精镏塔顶出来的另一部分气体分别进入换热器复热后作为低压合成气引出；
(7)精镏塔塔底液体在再沸器中部分蒸发，气体上升和回流液传热传质；
(8)从精镏塔底部取出CO小于等于0.5％的液态LNG产品，经LNG过冷器过冷后送入LNG贮槽。
更进一步的改进分离方法是，经精镏塔塔顶的冷凝器(K601)冷凝后的液体以及从精馏塔顶部出来的另一部分气体分别经气液分离器(LV601)分离后再分别到液体泵和换热器。通过分离液相中的气体和气相中的液体，可以避免对后续工序的影响。
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明的煤气化装置来原料气的分离装置包括：
(1)洗涤塔；
(2)换热器；
(3)净化系统，其用于将煤气化装置来原料气经净化处理后送入所述换热器，之后被冷却的气体送入所述洗涤塔，在洗涤塔顶获得CH4含量小于等于1％的合成气，洗涤塔塔底获得主要含CO和CH4组分的液相；
(4)LNG过冷器；上述合成气经LNG过冷器和上述换热器复热后引出；
(5)冷凝器；
(6)液体泵；
(7)再沸器；
(8)CH4-CO精镏塔；上述CO和CH4组分的液相送入CH4-CO精镏塔，从精镏塔顶出来的部分气体在精镏塔塔顶的冷凝器(K601)中被冷凝，冷凝的液体经液体泵(COP601/2)加压后一部分作为精镏塔的回流液，另一部分进入洗涤塔作为洗涤塔的回流液；另一部分从塔顶出来的气体进入上述换热器复热后作为低压合成气引出；在精镏塔塔底液体在再沸器内部分蒸发，气体上升和回流液传热传质；
(9)LNG贮槽；从精镏塔底部取出液态LNG产品(CO≤0.5％)，在LNG过冷器内过冷后送入LNG贮槽；
(10)管路：连接上述各装置。
作为一种改进，本发明的分离装置还包括气液分离器，经精镏塔塔顶的冷凝器冷凝后的液体经气液分离器分离后再分别到液体泵和换热器。
本发明由于采用双塔流程，通过合理控制回流比，使深冷处理的原料气进入洗涤塔后完成分离，大部分原料气经洗涤后形成甲烷含量低于1％的合成气，合成气勿需增压即可顺利进入下游的合成气压缩机系统生产合成氨或合成甲醇；进入CH4-CO精馏塔的液相流量小，与单塔流程相比减少分离功耗10％，而且塔板数也可以减少；双塔流程既解决了塔高的问题，同时又使从原料气到返回的合成气阻力损耗可以最小，特别是通过将原料气中的CH4组分分离出来并液化为清洁能源LNG液化天然气产品，具有很好的经济效益和社会效益；本发明废气排放量少、环保、节能。
附图说明
图示为本发明的煤气化装置来原料气的分离方法和装置。
图中标记：
E601：换热器               ET601：增压透平膨胀机
LV601：气液分离器          T601：洗涤塔
T602：CH4-CO精馏塔         NC601：循环氮压机
K602：再沸器               K601：冷凝器
E602：LNG过冷器            COP601/2液体泵
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明的上述主题的范围仅限于下述实施例。
如图所示，采用本发明的分离装置进行分离的方法包括如下步骤：
(1)经净化处理的原料气在换热器E601中冷却到-165℃--160℃；
(2)经冷却的原料气进入洗涤塔T601，根据原料合成气中甲烷的含量控制洗涤塔的回流比为0.05-0.1；甲烷含量越高，回流比越大，作为本发明的实施例当甲烷含量为10％时，回流比为0.07，甲烷含量为12％时，回流比为0.1。以在塔顶获得CH4含量小于等于1％的合成气；
(3)合成气经LNG过冷器E602和换热器E601复热后引出；
(4)从洗涤塔底部引出主要含CO和CH4组分的液相，节流后进入CH4-CO精镏塔T602精馏；
(5)从精镏塔顶出来的部分气体在精镏塔塔顶的冷凝器(K601)中被冷凝，一部分冷凝液体做为回流液送入精镏塔；另一部分冷凝液体经气液分离器LV601分离后到液体泵COP601/2，经加压后一部分作为精镏塔的回流液，一部分进入洗涤塔作为洗涤塔的回流液换热器；
(6)从精镏塔顶出来的另一部分气体经气液分离器LV601分离后进入换热器E601复热后作为低压合成气引出；
(7)精镏塔塔底液体在再沸器K602中部分蒸发，气体上升和回流液传热传质；
(8)从精镏塔底部取出CO小于等于0.5％的液态LNG产品，经LNG过冷器E602过冷后送入LNG贮槽。
如图示还可知，分离方法中的冷量采用以下方法获得，从空分设备引出氮气经循环氮气压缩机NC601及透平膨胀机ET601增压端增压后，进入换热器E601，在换热器中被返流气体冷却到一定温度中抽取大部分氮气经膨胀机膨胀制冷，再次进入换热器E601中回收冷量后进入循环氮气压缩机；其余部分氮气在出换热器后被冷却成液体并过冷后分进入CH4-CO精镏塔T602顶部冷凝器K601提供冷量。蒸发的氮气进入换热器E601，复热后进入循环氮气压缩机。
上述冷量的提供还可以通过空分设备的过冷器引出液氮作为冷凝器K601的冷源，在冷凝器中蒸发复热后进入空分的换热器进一步复热出冷箱；经过对系统之间的统一考虑，统一组织流程，保证空分设备和该分离装置的完整结合，能耗最优；
本发明采用双塔流程，避免了单塔塔高、成本高的问题，同时又使从原料合成气到引出的合成气阻力损耗可以最小，与单塔流程相比减少分离功耗10％，使引出的合成气勿需增压，即可顺利进入下游的合成气压缩机系统生产合成甲醇和合成氨；同时LNG清洁能源作为副产品产出，减少废气的排放量，既环保又节能，兼具经济效益和社会效益；本发明装置与煤化工流程衔接，形成煤炭洁净高效生产系统，是煤炭综合利用，提高附加值的最有效最经济的途径，符合国家的产业政策，能源和环境保护政策。
需要说明的是：虽然上述实施例已经详细描述了本发明的结构，但本发明并不限于上述实施例，凡是本领域技术人员从上述实施例中不经过创造性劳动就可以想到的替换结构和工艺步骤，均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种煤气化装置来原料气的分离方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)经净化处理的原料气在换热器(E601)中冷却到-165℃--160℃；
(2)经冷却的原料气进入洗涤塔(T601)，控制洗涤塔的回流比为0.05-0.1，在塔顶获得CH4含量小于等于1％的合成气；
(3)合成气经LNG过冷器(E602)和换热器(E601)复热后引出；
(4)从洗涤塔底部引出主要含CO和CH4组分的液相，节流后进入CH4-CO精镏塔(T602)精馏；
(5)从精镏塔顶出来的部分气体在精镏塔塔顶的冷凝器(K601)中被冷凝，冷凝的液体经液体泵(COP601/2)加压后一部分作为精镏塔的回流液，另一部分进入洗涤塔作为洗涤塔的回流液；
(6)从精镏塔顶部出来的另一部分气体进入换热器(E601)复热后作为低压合成气引出；
(7)精镏塔塔底液体在再沸器(K602)中部分蒸发，气体上升和回流液传热传质；
(8)从精镏塔底部取出CO小于等于0.5％的液态LNG产品，经LNG过冷器(E602)过冷后送入LNG贮槽。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述经精镏塔塔顶的冷凝器(K601)冷凝后的液体以及从精馏塔顶部出来的另一部分气体分别经气液分离器(LV601)分离后再分别到液体泵(COP601/2)和换热器(E601)。
3.煤气化装置来原料气的分离装置，其特征在于：包括
(1)洗涤塔(T601)；
(2)换热器(E601)；
(3)净化系统，用于将煤气化装置来原料气经净化处理后送入所述换热器，之后被冷却的气体送入所述洗涤塔，在洗涤塔顶获得CH4含量小于等于1％的合成气，洗涤塔塔底获得主要含CO和CH4组分的液相；
(4)LNG过冷器(E602)；上述合成气经LNG过冷器和上述换热器(E601)复热后引出；
(5)冷凝器(K601)；
(6)液体泵(COP601/2)；
(7)再沸器(K602)；
(8)CH4-CO精镏塔(T602)；上述CO和CH4组分的液相送入CH4-CO精镏塔(T602)，从精镏塔顶出来的部分气体在精镏塔塔顶的冷凝器(K601)中被冷凝，冷凝的液体经液体泵(COP601/2)加压后一部分作为精镏塔的回流液，另一部分进入洗涤塔作为洗涤塔的回流液；另一部分从塔顶出来的气体进入上述换热器复热后作为低压合成气引出；在精镏塔塔底液体在再沸器(K602)内部分蒸发，气体上升和回流液传热传质；
(9)LNG贮槽；从精镏塔底部取出液态LNG产品，在LNG过冷器(E602)内过冷后送入LNG贮槽。
4.如权利要求3所述的分离装置，其特征在于：还包括气液分离器(LV601)，所述经精镏塔塔顶的冷凝器(K601)冷凝后的液体以及从精馏塔顶部出来的另一部分气体分别经气液分离器(LV601)分离后再分别到液体泵(COP601/2)和换热器(E601)。
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