CN101476753A - Construction thermal environment and construction energy-saving control method in heating construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling building thermal environment and building energy conservation in a heating building, which comprises the following steps: calculating out the comprehensive temperature average value and the corresponding wave amplitude value thereof of a horizontal external surface and the west wall external surface of a local building roof according to data information that the temperature average value t0 of the outdoor air in a local heating building in continuous 5 days in the lately 10 years is less than or equal to 5 DEG C; determining the thermal transmission resistance control index of a roof and a wall in the process of heat preservation in the heating building; determining the heat preservation and energy conservation three-element control index of the wall, the roof and a window in the heating building; and controlling the heat preservation and energy conservation performances of the wall, the roof and the window according to the heat preservation and energy conservation three-element control index. The method gives full play to the use value of the existing meteorological data, adopts a simple method to make the computation of the control indexes of each energy conservation aspect simple and fast, and has small investment cost. The method applied to the designs of the building thermal environment and the building energy conservation can greatly improve the energy conservation efficiency of the building.

Description

Building thermal environments and construction energy-conserving control method in the heating building

Technical field

The present invention relates to building thermal environments and construction energy-conserving control method in the heating building.

Background technology

" 21 century course " passed through in the United Nations's " environmental development " in 1992 conference; China makes an immediate response and has proposed China's Agenda 21; " energy savings; reduce coal consumption; the exploitation renewable sources of energy " fundamental state policy and vital task as China's " the protection environment is adhered to sustainable development ".

In various countries' total energy consumption, architectural energy consumption accounts for 30%～40%, and China is no exception.Simultaneously, China's production of energy total amount annual average rate of increase only is 1/2 of a national total output value annual average rate of increase.Production of energy far lags behind development and national economy.China's architectural exterior-protecting construction (roof, wall and window) thermal property is not high in addition, and heating system efficient is low, causes China's residential architecture heating energy consumption to be three times more than of developed country.Therefore, improve indoor thermal environment, improve quality of residents'life, save energy for building, alleviate national energy and produce short pressure and have urgency.

In China Ministry of Construction " building energy conservation the ninth five-year plan and rule in 2010 ", claim: newly-built heating residential architecture, till the end of the year 1996, on 1980～1981 years local universal design energy consumption level bases, generally reduce by 30%, as the phase I; 1997～2004 years energy-conservation again 30% on energy-conservation basis of phase I, as second stage; Rose in 2005, and required on the energy-conservation basis of second stage, energy-conservation again 30%, as the phase III.Along with China's building energy conservation is carried out and is implemented, country issued " code for thermal design of civil buildings " (GB-50176-93) and " hot summer and warm winter region energy Saving Design of Residential Buildings standard " (JGJ-25-2003).

" code for thermal design of civil buildings " is with China architecture science research institute Hu phosphorus, the Jiang Jian of Zhejiang University is bright, the Chen Qi of Chongqing Univ. of Architecture professor (Architecural Physics doctor tutor) is older generation's building technology person of representative, the study Soviet Union, in conjunction with China's national situation, solved China Xia Redong cold-peace hot summer and warm winter region, under architecture indoor gravity-flow ventilation in the summer condition, the heat insulation control design of indoor thermal environment and building enclosure and China's severe cold, cold and Xia Redong cryogenic region, under the winter architecture indoor heating condition, indoor thermal environment and building enclosure preservation and controlling PRACTICE OF DESIGN problem.Wherein " the heat insulation control of building enclosure under the gravity-flow ventilation condition " is based on multilayer planomural periodic instability heat transfer theory, adopt outdoor climate characteristic parameter statistical value averaging method, temperature profile parameter inequality is as indoor thermal environment controlled condition below having proposed under gravity-flow ventilation (open the door, window) condition:

θ _i·max≤t _o·max [1.1-1]

In the formula, θ _ImaxUnder-indoor natural ventilating (open the door, the window) condition, the maximum of building enclosure internal surface temperature (characteristic parameter) [℃]:

t _Omax-local outside air temperature (characteristic parameter) t _oMaximum [℃].

By multilayer planomural unsteady heat transfer theory, following formula becomes:

${\mathrm{\θ}}_{i\·\max }\≤{\stackrel{\‾}{\mathrm{\θ}}}_i+\frac{A_{\mathrm{tsa}}}{v_0}+\frac{A_{t0}}{v_i}\≤t_{o\·\max }---[1.1-2]$

In the formula, θ _iThe mean temperature of-building enclosure inner surface [℃];

A _Tsa-building enclosure outer surface (consideration solar radiation) integrated temperature wave amplitude [℃];

v _o-outdoor integrated temperature heat wave is reached the attenuation multiple of building enclosure inner surface by outer surface;

A _ToThe wave amplitude of-outside air temperature harmonic wave [℃];

v _i-outside air temperature harmonic wave is by the indoor attenuation multiple that reaches the building enclosure inner surface.

Obvious formula [1.1-1], the Thermal Environment Control condition under promptly indoor no air-conditioning (gravity-flow ventilation) condition.It can only make within the scope of " can restrain oneself thermal balance " of indoor " people's body heat balance " as close as possible comfortable balance.Also can only make this expedient regulation, with the overheating conditions of control indoor thermal environment.

By formula [1.1-2], at indoor natural ventilating, under the condition of windowing of opening the door, building enclosure internal surface temperature maximum θ _Imax, be at internal surface temperature mean value θ _iOn the basis, get two-way heat wave effect, promptly outdoor integrated temperature heat wave acts on the building enclosure outer surface and the outside air temperature heat wave acts on the building enclosure inner surface, and decays to the synthetic result of two ripples on the inner surface respectively.According to (Soviet Union) AM ш к л о в e р multilayer planomural unsteady heat transfer formula, two wavelength-division supplementary biographies are to the attenuation multiple v of inner surface _oAnd v _iDetermine by following formula:

$v_0=0.9e^{\mathrm{\ΣD}/\sqrt{2}}\frac{s_1+{\mathrm{\α}}_i}{s_1+y_{\mathrm{1,0}}}\frac{s_2+y_{\mathrm{1,0}}}{s_2+y_{\mathrm{2,0}}}\·\·\·\frac{s_n+y_{n-\mathrm{1,0}}}{s_n+y_{n,0}}\frac{{\mathrm{\α}}_0+y_{n,0}}{{\mathrm{\α}}_0}---[1.1-3]$

$v_i=0.95\frac{{\mathrm{\α}}_i+y_{i\·f}}{{\mathrm{\α}}_i}---[1.1-4]$

In the formula: the thermal characteristics parameter-heat inertia index of D-multilayer planomural

s ₁, s ₂..., s _n-from inside to outside, the heat storage coefficient [w/m of layers of material ²K] (air space heat storage coefficient S=0).

y _1,0, y _2,0, y _{N, 0}-layers of material outer surface heat storage coefficient [w/m from inside to outside ²K].

α _i, α _o-be respectively the coefficient of heat transfer [w/m on the inside and outside surface of planomural ²K].

y _If-planomural inner surface heat storage coefficient [w/m ²K].

Under the multilayer planomural condition of limited thickness, material layer is subjected to the temperature harmonic wave of cyclic fluctuation and does the time spent, and the temperature fluctuation size that it is surperficial is not only relevant with the physical property of material itself, and relevant with boundary condition.Promptly along the temperature wave direction of advance, its surface temperature degree of fluctuation had influence with the thermal property and the radiating condition of the contacted medium of this material layer (another material layer or air).

Know that by heat transfer theory when material surface was subjected to the heat effect of temperature harmonic wave, the size of its surface temperature fluctuation amplitude depended primarily on the material thermophysical property in " big ups and downs layer " scope." the physical computing thickness " that this " big ups and downs layer " scope is exactly this layer-be thermal inertia index D=1.0.So, to the limited thickness material layer, when " big ups and downs layer " also do not exceed this material layer scope, i.e. the heat inertia index D of material layer 〉=1.0 o'clock, then its surface temperature fluctuation is main relevant with the thermophysical property of material layer, at this moment, can think y=s approx; When D＜1.0 of material layer, i.e. " big ups and downs layer " when having exceeded this material ranges, the heat storage coefficient y on material layer back of the body corrugated then, fluctuation has influence to surface temperature as boundary condition, this moment y ≠ s.Thus, for two kinds of situations of material layer " physical computing thickness " D 〉=1.0 and D＜1.0, determine the material surface heat storage coefficient by following recurrence formula respectively:

[1], material layer outer surface heat storage coefficient calculates: from inboard ground floor, promptly inversion degree wavefront advances direction, outwards successively calculates successively.

The 1st layer of outer surface heat storage coefficient:

Work as D ₁〉=1.0 o'clock, y _1,0=s ₁[1.1-5a]

Work as D ₁＜1.0 o'clock, $y_{\mathrm{1,0}}=\frac{R_1{S}_1^2+{\mathrm{\α}}_i}{1+R_1{\mathrm{\α}}_i}---[1.1-5b]$

In the formula, α _i-be the influence of the border factor (with the degree of room air heat exchange) of inboard the 1st layer of planomural, R ₁, S ₁All are influences of this layer material thermal characteristic parameter of reflection.

From the second layer, later arbitrary layer outer surface heat storage coefficient:

Work as D _m〉=1.0 o'clock, y _1,0=s _m[1.1-6a]

Work as D _m＜1.0 o'clock, $y_{m,0}=\frac{R_m{S}_m^2+y_{m-\mathrm{1,0}}}{1+R_m{y}_{m-\mathrm{1,0}}},(m=\mathrm{2,3,4}...n)---[1.1-6b]$

Y in the formula _M-1,0Represent of the influence of the thermal storage effect of m-1 layer to the m layer.

The heat storage coefficient of outermost external surface promptly is the heat storage coefficient of planomural outer surface, that is:

y _n，0＝y _0，f [1.1-6c]

[2], planomural inner surface heat storage coefficient calculates: determine planomural inner surface heat storage coefficient y _IfThe time, divide following several situation to carry out.

Work as D ₁〉=1.0 o'clock, y _{I, f}=s ₁[11-7]

Work as D ₁＜1.0, but D ₁+ D ₂〉=1.0 o'clock, $y_{i,f}=\frac{R_1{S}_1^2+S_2}{1+R_1{S}_1}---[1.1-8]$

Work as D ₁+ D ₂+ ... D _M-1＜1.0, and D ₁+ D ₂+ ... D _m, then ask it at 〉=1.0 o'clock by following recurrence formula:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{y}_{m-1,i}=\frac{R_{m-1}{S}_{m-1}^2+S_m}{1+R_{m-1}{S}_m}\\ y_{m-2,i}=\frac{R_{m-2}{S}_{m-2}^2+y_{m-1,i}}{1+R_{m-2}{y}_{m-1,i}}\\ y_{1,i}=y_{i,f}=\frac{R_1{S}_1^2+y_{2,i}}{1+R_1{y}_{2,i}}\end{array}\right.---[1.1-9]$

When the ∑ D of whole planomural＜1.0, then at first obtain the inner surface heat storage coefficient of last one deck:

$y_{n\·i}=\frac{R_n{S}_n^2+{\mathrm{\α}}_o}{1+R_n{\mathrm{\α}}_o}---[1.1-10]$

In the formula, R _nResistance of heat transfer [the m of-planomural outermost one deck ²K/w]

S _nHeat storage coefficient [the m of-outermost layer of material ²K/w]

α _oThe coefficient of heat transfer [the w/m of-planomural outer surface ²K] (by " standard " α ₀=23.0)

Try to achieve y _NiAfter, obtain the heat storage coefficient y of planomural inner surface again by formula [1.1-9] recursion _If

From the above mentioned, want to obtain θ _Imax, then must be by the top various complicated calculation of carrying out.While at first will be known the material characteristic parameter value that " structure " of building enclosure multilayer planomural had: the heat storage coefficient S of each material layer, resistance of heat transfer R and heat inertia index D etc.Therefore, first supposition multilayer planomural " structure ", i.e. the S of each material layer, R, D is known, the various θ that obtains at last above the substitution _ImaxAfter, substitution formula [1.1-1] is judged.If formula [1.1-1] is false, need suppose " structure " scheme again, double counting again is till formula [1.1-1] is set up fully.This computational process is called " tentative calculation proof method repeatedly " (supposition of " structure " scheme need be carried out by rule of thumb).

Hence one can see that, the heat insulation control method of this building enclosure, in theory, science, complete, rigorous.But not enough below existing:

[1], computational process is numerous and diverse, and must preestablish tentative calculation checking repeatedly behind the characterisitic parameter of building enclosure (roof, wall), can not directly obtain its characteristic parameter value and control the indoor thermal environment situation;

[2], indoor thermal environment control is inapplicable at indoor thermal environment and the Energy Saving Control under room conditioning (window of the closing the door) condition set up under gravity-flow ventilation (open the door and the window) condition.Therefore must inherit above-mentioned advantage, the more new development of its deficiency.

In sum, " code for thermal design of civil buildings " is (GB50176-93) only suitable, and China Xia Redong was cold at that time, the preservation and controlling of building enclosure under the heat insulation control of the building enclosure (roof, wall) under hot summer and warm winter region gravity-flow ventilation in the summer condition and three Norths cold, severe cold and Xia Redong cryogenic region indoor heating in the winter condition does not relate to for the Energy Saving Control milli; Both fail to unite on heat transfer theory simultaneously; After needing to suppose the building enclosure characteristic parameter value earlier on the computational methods, just can carry out experimental checking computations.

" hot summer and warm winter region energy Saving Design of Residential Buildings standard " be " code for thermal design of civil buildings " (GB50176-93) in, on the heat insulation control of the building enclosure basis, China south of foundation is than under low latitudes coastal " hot summer and warm winter region " room conditioning in the summer condition " energy conservation standard " under indoor natural ventilating in summer (open the door and the window) condition.It emphasizes that aggregate measures such as indoor natural ventilating and sunshade solve the Energy Saving Control of the building enclosure in summer.Therefore, it has under the indoor natural ventilating condition in above-mentioned " standard " middle summer, the deficiency in the heat insulation control of building enclosure.

According to top brief introduction, for making each department " design standard for energy efficiency of buildings " have comparativity, indoor thermal environment control under summer room conditioning and the winter indoor heating condition and be converted to the heat insulation and preservation and controlling of building enclosure and the correlation between the Energy Saving Control, promptly from then on the controlled condition of three aspects and control parameter and local climate feature are controlled correlation between parameter, building enclosure (window, wall) correlation between the Characteristics Control parameter is set out, find out the inner link between their correlations, unifying, science, under the complete theoretical direction, create science, the shortcut Calculation method, unified formulation each department with Chinese characteristics " design standard for energy efficiency of buildings " are current urgency major issues to be solved.

By above-mentioned prior art brief introduction as can be known: thermal environment under " southern energy conservation standard " under " indoor natural ventilating " condition and the thermal environment under " indoor natural ventilating " condition and heat insulation " standard " and " indoor heating condition " and insulation " standard " etc., have the disunity on the heat transfer theory: for example, " the southern energy conservation standard " under the thermal environment under " indoor natural ventilating " condition and heat insulation " standard " and " the indoor natural ventilating condition " adopts building enclosure multilayer planomural periodic instability heat transfer theory; Secondly, also there is the disunity on the computational methods in they: for example, the thermal environment under " indoor natural ventilating " condition and heat insulation " standard " and " southern energy conservation standard ", both have all adopted " tentative calculation proof method repeatedly "; These computational methods all belong to empirical assignment method.Therefore, cause building enclosure (roof, wall) the energy conservation characteristic control index in above-mentioned three " energy conservation standards " to lose " corresponding comparativity ".

In addition, above-mentioned several " energy conservation standard " all with corresponding conditions under " standard " lost the correlation contact, promptly fail corresponding building enclosure Energy Saving Control in " energy conservation standard ", get in touch with the heat insulation and preservation and controlling three of thermal environment in " standard " and building enclosure (roof and wall) and unite.Simultaneously, " energy conservation standard " fails the correlation contact between the Characteristics Control index of the Characteristics Control index of building enclosure (roof and wall) and building enclosure (window), Characteristics Control index by wall, directly calculate the Characteristics Control index of locking window, thereby caused the artificial assignment arbitrarily of Characteristics Control index of window.Make three " energy conservation standards " middle corresponding Characteristics Control index of building enclosure window also lose " corresponding comparativity ".

Summary of the invention

Problem to be solved by this invention is, building thermal environments and construction energy-conserving control method in a kind of heating building that can solve heat preservation energy-saving problem in the heating building preferably is provided.

Technical scheme provided by the invention is:

Building thermal environments and construction energy-conserving control method in the heating building may further comprise the steps:

One, according to the local nearest 10 years continuous outside air temperature mean value t more than 5 days of heating building _o≤ 5 ℃ outside air temperature maximum t _OmaxWith minimum of a value t _OminAnd changing value t _0-l, the local building horizontal outer surface in roof and north wall outer surface solar irradiance daily mean I _H, I _N, maximum I _{H max}, I _{N max}Calculate local building roof water

The integrated temperature mean value t of flat outer surface and north wall outer surface _H-saAnd t _N-saWave amplitude A corresponding with it _H-tsaAnd A _N-tsa

(1), calculates continuous outside air temperature mean value t more than 5 days in local nearest 10 years by the measured value of local weather bureau _o, amplitude A ₀And initial phase

t _o≤ 5 ℃,

[1], outside air temperature mean value: t ₀

[2], outside air temperature wave amplitude:

$A_0=\frac{1}{2}(t_{0.\max }-t_{0.\min })$

[3], t _0.maxPairing time τ ₀By changing value t _O-τDetermine by interpolation method:

${\mathrm{\τ}}_o=t_{014}+\frac{t_{0.\max }-t_{014}}{t_{014}-t_{020}}\×6$

In the formula: t ₀₁₄, t ₀₂₀Be respectively continuous outside air temperature mean value t more than 5 days in nearest 10 years _oThe mean value of the outside air temperature when≤5 ℃ 14 and 20;

With initial time τ ₀Corresponding initial phase

For:

(2) calculate t _H-saAnd t _N-saAnd A _H-tsaAnd A _N-tsa

[1], calculates t _H-saAnd t _N-sa:

${\stackrel{\‾}{t}}_{H-\mathrm{sa}}={\stackrel{\‾}{t}}_0+\mathrm{\ρ}\frac{{\stackrel{\‾}{I}}_H}{{\mathrm{\α}}_0},{\stackrel{\‾}{t}}_{N-\mathrm{sa}}={\stackrel{\‾}{t}}_0+\mathrm{\ρ}\frac{{\stackrel{\‾}{I}}_N}{{\mathrm{\α}}_0}$

ρ is the absorption coefficient of horizontal outer surface in roof or north wall outer surface material, ρ=0.7;

α ₀Be the coefficient of heat transfer of horizontal outer surface in roof or north wall outer surface, α ₀=23.0[w/m ²K];

[2] local building horizontal outer surface in roof and north wall outer surface solar radiation equivalent temperature wave amplitude:

$A_{\mathrm{IH}\·\max }=\mathrm{\ρ}\frac{I_{H\max }-{\stackrel{\‾}{I}}_H}{{\mathrm{\α}}_0},$ $A_{\mathrm{IN}\·\max }=\mathrm{\ρ}\frac{I_{N\max }-{\stackrel{\‾}{I}}_N}{{\mathrm{\α}}_0}$

[3], calculate A _H-tsaAnd A _N-tsa: by outside air temperature wave amplitude A ₀And phase angle With solar radiation equivalent temperature wave amplitude and phase angle

With

Calculate by following vector superposition formula:

The resistance of heat transfer control index of roof and wall when two, determining to be incubated in the heating building

The resistance of heat transfer of wall control index [R when [1], being incubated _o] _{N min}: determine by locality building the eighties universal design wall heat transfer resistance;

The resistance of heat transfer on roof control index [R when [2], being incubated _o] _{H min}:

${\left[R_o\right]}_{H\min }=\frac{18-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_{H-\mathrm{sa}}}{18-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{\mathrm{\&theta;}}}_i}{R}_i;$ (t _d-1)<θ _i<18 R _i＝0.11[m ²k/w]；

t _dFor indoor when adopting 18 ℃ of dim temperature, the dew point under the heating building average relative humidity in local winter;

Three, determine in the heating building not heat preservation energy-saving ternary control index: the resistance of heat transfer of wall control index [R during heat preservation energy-saving with the wall of window _O-E] _{N min}, thermal inertia control index [D _0-E] _{N min}, heat flow density control index [q _0-E] _{N max}

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\left[R_{o-E}\right]}_{N\min }=\frac{{\left[R_o\right]}_{N\min }}{1-\mathrm{\&epsiv;}};\\ {\left[D_{0-E}\right]}_{N\min }=2.13\ln \left(1.46A_{N-\mathrm{tsa}}\frac{R_i}{{\left[R_{0-E}\right]}_{N\min }}\right),R_i=0.11[m^{2}k/w];\\ {\left[q_{0-E}\right]}_{N\max }=\frac{18-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_{N-\mathrm{sa}}}{{\left[R_o\right]}_{N\min }}(1-\mathrm{\&epsiv;})\end{array}\right.$

Be the heat preservation energy-saving efficient of wall for ε in the formula,

Four, the heat preservation energy-saving ternary on roof control index: the resistance of heat transfer on roof control index [R during heat preservation energy-saving _O-E] _{H min}, thermal inertia control index [D _0-E] _{H min}, heat flow density control index [q _0-E] _{H max}

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\left[R_{o-E}\right]}_{H\min }=\frac{{\left[R_o\right]}_{H\min }}{1-\mathrm{\&epsiv;}};\\ {\left[D_o\right]}_{H\min }=2.13\ln \left(1.46A_{H-\mathrm{tsa}}\frac{R_i}{{\left[R_{o-E}\right]}_{H\min }}\right),R_i=0.11[m^{2}k/w];\\ {\left[q_{o-E}\right]}_{H\max }=\frac{18-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_{H-\mathrm{sa}}}{{\left[R_o\right]}_{H\min }}(1-\mathrm{\&epsiv;});\end{array}\right.$

Five, determine that whole face is the heat preservation energy-saving ternary control index of window in the heating building

The heat preservation energy-saving resistance of heat transfer control index [R of window _S-E] _Min:

${\left[R_{s-E}\right]}_{N\min }=\frac{1}{2}[(\mathrm{\&xi;}-s)+\sqrt{{(\mathrm{\&xi;}-s)}^2+4s}]{\left[R_{o-E}\right]}_{N-\min }$

In the formula, s=F _s/ F _o, F _sWindow ara, F _oWall area, ξ=1/ (1+s);

The heat preservation energy-saving thermal inertia control index [D of window _S-E] _{N min}:

${\left[D_{s-E}\right]}_{N\min }=2.13\ln \left(1.46A_{N-\mathrm{tsa}}\frac{R_i}{{\left[R_{s-E}\right]}_{N\min }}\right)$

The heat preservation energy-saving heat flow density control index [q of window _S-E] _{N max}:

${\left[q_{s-E}\right]}_{N\max }=\frac{18-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_{N-\mathrm{sa}}}{{\left[R_{s-E}\right]}_{N\min }}$

Six, determine in the heating building heat preservation energy-saving ternary control index of wall and window in the wall of band window

The heat preservation energy-saving resistance of heat transfer of wall control index according to

Determine, the heat preservation energy-saving thermal inertia control index of wall according to ${\left[D_{0-E}\right]}_{N\min }=2.13\ln \left(1.46A_{N-\mathrm{tsa}}\frac{R_i}{{\left[R_{0-E}\right]}_{N\min }/\mathrm{\&alpha;}}\right),$ The heat preservation energy-saving heat flow density of wall control index according to ${\left[q_{0-E}\right]}_{N\max }=\frac{18-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_{N-\mathrm{sa}}}{{\left[R_o\right]}_{N\min }}(1-\mathrm{\&epsiv;})\&times;\mathrm{\&alpha;}$ Determine;

The heat preservation energy-saving resistance of heat transfer of window control index according to

Determine; The heat preservation energy-saving thermal inertia of window control index according to ${\left[D_{s-E}\right]}_{N\min }=2.13\ln \left(1.46A_{N-\mathrm{tsa}}\frac{R_i}{{\left[R_{s-E}\right]}_{N\min }/\mathrm{\&alpha;}}\right),$ The heat preservation energy-saving heat flow density of window control index according to ${\left[q_{s-E}\right]}_{N\max }=\frac{18-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_{N-\mathrm{sa}}}{{\left[R_{s-E}\right]}_{N\min }/\mathrm{\&alpha;}}$ Determine;

Wherein $\mathrm{\&alpha;}=\frac{\frac{{\left[R_{s-E}\right]}_{\min }\&CenterDot;{\left[R_{o-E}\right]}_{W\min }(1+s)}{{\left[R_{s-E}\right]}_{\min }+s{\left[R_{o-E}\right]}_{W\min }}}{{\left[R_{o-E}\right]}_{W\min }}$

Control the heat preservation energy-saving performance of wall, roof and window according to the heat preservation energy-saving ternary control index (resistance of heat transfer control index, heat inertia index control index and heat flow density control index) of above-mentioned wall, roof and window.

ε in the above-mentioned steps three and four=heating building energy-saving efficiency * 70%.The heating building energy-saving efficiency can be by the pertinent regulations value in the national standard.Be not less than 50% as CNS regulation heating building energy-saving efficiency, then ε=0.350 in the step 3 and four; For the heating building energy-saving efficiency is 65%, then ε=0.455 in the step 3 and four

The present invention's's " relevant control method of building thermal environments " advantage with energy-saving design in construction:

According to the front building thermal environments and building energy conservation are controlled the argumentation and the demonstration of each aspect control problem, obviously the present invention has following advantage:

[1] given full play to the use value of China's meteorological data that accumulate decades, especially adopt " the assembly average method of outdoor climate feature control parameter " (seeing step 1), make the calculating of the control index of each aspect of building energy conservation, simple and fast, input cost is little.

[2] exempted the relevant area ratio of window to wall of known " typical building " computation model, bodily form coefficient, parameter limit such as building enclosure heat inertia index have been eliminated all artificial randomness, simultaneously, make the architect bring into play initiative in the architectural design creation.

[3] unified indoor thermal environment controlled condition under the indoor heating condition in winter at Gai Jin And on " code for thermal design of civil buildings " basis, made Thermal Environment Control condition unification under the indoor heating condition in winter in summer to the multilayer planomural periodic instability heat transfer theory basis.

[4] " multilayer planomural periodic instability heat transfer formula of reduction " (thermal inertia control index computing formula) especially innovation proposed, make indoor thermal environment controlled condition, change over " directly calculating lock method " by original " tentative calculation proof method repeatedly ", exempted complicated calculation, simplified computational process widely, be convenient to the architect and grasp.

[5] on indoor heating Thermal Environment Control basis, to the limit value (promptly controlling index) of the insulation thermal technology Characteristics Control parameter on the preservation and controlling aspect on building enclosure (wall, roof), " directly calculating locking ", clear concept calculates simple and direct.

[6] because the difference of the area ratio of window to wall of fenestrate building enclosure, cause its Chuan Qiang And to join equivalent resistance of heat transfer changes thereupon, make the overall Energy Saving Control of fenestrate building enclosure can not reach the control requirement of the energy-saving efficiency that building enclosure should have fully, can only reach energy-saving efficiency and control within desired 88%～100% scope and change.Wait true, accurate, the reliability of statistics building energy conservation efficient for national Chuan Qiang And connection, " imitating resistance of heat transfer form invariance principle " (step 6) then proposed, by energy-saving efficiency percent value in the determined above-mentioned scope of the various area ratio of window to wall of building, with the resistance of heat transfer that removes window and wall, to adjust the resistance of heat transfer control index of window and wall, make fenestrate building enclosure can reach the requirement of the energy-saving efficiency 100% of national regulation fully.

The specific embodiment

2-2 specifically calculates

1.1, local winter meteorological data calculating

1. press the nearest 10 years the coldest month air themperature t in Hankow by Hubei Province weather bureau ₀≤ 5[℃] measured value (as following table 01) counting chamber outer air temperature-averaging value

, wave amplitude A ₀With the first phase parallactic angle

(initial time τ ₀)

Table 01 Hankow t ₀≤ 5[℃] (winter) outside air temperature measured value

[1] outdoor air air mean value by table 01 value is:

[2] outside air temperature wave amplitude:

[3] the pairing initial time of outside air temperature maximum is defined as with the Nei Chafa formula by table 01:

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_o=14+\frac{6.2802-5.0083}{5.0082-3.3220}\&times;6=18.5255\left[h\right]$

Corresponding first phase parallactic angle:

When the time origin of coordinates was taken at high noon 12, the outside air temperature harmonic wave was accurate to the instantaneous value of first-harmonic:

t _0-τ＝2.78+3.07cos[15(τ-12.53)]

Or t _0-τ=2.78+3.07cos (15 τ-187.88)

2. press Hankow t in the coldest month of nearest 10 years of winter by Hubei Province weather bureau ₀≤ 5[℃] solar irradiance observation (as table 02).

The table 02. Hankow per day total amount of solar radiation in the coldest month of winter, daily mean, day maximum and time of occurrence thereof

[1] solar radiation equivalent temperature mean value I[w/m ²] calculate (result is shown in table 03) by table 02 value;

[2] outdoor integrated temperature mean value is by formula Calculate by (result is shown in table 03);

[3] solar radiation equivalent temperature wave amplitude (by " people have the building thermal technique design specification ") is by formula $A_{I.\max }=\mathrm{\&rho;}\frac{I_{\max }-\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{I}}{{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0}$ Calculate by (result is shown in table 03);

[4] outdoor integrated temperature wave amplitude calculates: by outside air temperature wave amplitude A _O, the phase angle

With solar radiation equivalent temperature wave amplitude A _ImaxAnd phase angle

Calculate (following all parameter calculation procedures and result of calculation are shown in table 03) by following vector superposition formula:

1. make progress integrated temperature wave amplitude and phase angle of level:

2. Dong Qiang is to integrated temperature wave amplitude and phase angle:

3. comprehensive wave amplitude of western metope and phase angle:

4. southern metope integrated temperature wave amplitude and phase angle:

5. north wall surfaces integrated temperature wave amplitude and phase angle %

Mean value, wave amplitude and the phase angle of table 03 solar radiation equivalent temperature, outside air temperature and integrated temperature

1.2, the heat-holding dampproof controlled condition and the insulation ternary control index of building enclosure-roof and wall

[1] indoor heat insulating anti humid heat environment controlled condition

It is indoor that to adopt dim temperature be t _i=18[℃] time, indoor heat insulating anti humid heat environment controlled condition:

In 78 cities, Hubei Province, 59 city relative humidity in winter are arranged

Get this value as city (winter) the building enclosure inner surface of the fraction 79% moistureproof Thermal Environment Control of indoor heat insulating of dewfall not.Promptly ought indoorly adopt dim temperature t _i=18[℃] time, indoor saturated vapor partial pressure is: E=15.47[mmHg], work as relative humidity

The time, indoor actual partial pressure of water vapor:

As this actual partial pressure of water vapor e, when reaching capacity water vapor pressure, corresponding dew point is: t _d=13.5[℃] (or get indoor when adopting 18 ℃ of dim temperature, the dew point t under the heating building average relative humidity in local winter _d).Therefore, require internal surface temperature mean value by dewfall controlled condition not:

[θ _i]≥t _d-1＝13.5-1＝12.5[℃]

[2] under the indoor heating condition in winter, the determining of the insulation ternary of roof and wall control index: with north wall not dewfall be benchmark, the known universal design eighties: the resistance of heat transfer [R of wall ₀] _Min=0.5[m ²K/w], check whether dewfall of north wall inner surface:

(inner surface is dewfall not)

Requiring roof and north wall inner surface mean temperature θ _IN=15.6[℃] condition under, the roof heat insulation resistance of heat transfer:

${\left[R_0^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }=\frac{18-15.5}{18-15.6}\&times;0.11=0.11[m^{2}k/w]$

The insulation ternary control index of wall:

${\left[R_o^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }=0.5[m^{2}k/w]$

${\left[D_o^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }=2.13\ln \left(1.46A_{N-\mathrm{tsa}}\frac{R_i}{{\left[R_o\right]}_{N\min }}\right)=2.13\ln (1.46\&times;0.72\&times;\frac{0.11}{0.5})=0$

${\left[q_o^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\max }=\frac{18-7.2}{0.5}=21.6[w/m^2]$

The insulation ternary control index on roof:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\left[R_0^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }=0.11[m^{2}k/w]\\ {\left[D_0^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }=2.13\ln \left(1.46A_{N-\mathrm{tsa}}^{\&prime;}\frac{R_i}{{\left[R_0^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }}\right)=2.13\ln (1.46\&times;0.75\&times;\frac{0.11}{0.11})=5.1;\\ {\left[q_0^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\max }=\frac{18-15.5}{18-15.6}\&times;0.11=0.1[w/m^2]\end{array}\right.$

1.3, the heat preservation energy-saving ternary control index of building enclosure-roof, wall determines:

The heat preservation energy-saving ternary control index condition on wall and roof:

[1] heat preservation energy-saving of wall control index, in the heating building by national regulation energy-conservation 50%, heat preservation energy-saving efficient ε=0.5 * 0.7=0.35 then has:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\left[R_{o-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }=\frac{{\left[R_o^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }}{1-\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}=\frac{0.5}{1-0.35}=0.77[m^{2}k/w]\\ {\left[D_{o-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }=2.13\ln (1.46\&times;0.72\&times;\frac{0.11}{0.77})=0\\ {\left[q_{o-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\max }=\frac{18-7.2}{0.77}=14.0[w/m^2]\end{array}\right.$

[2] thermal insulation of roof Energy Saving Control index:

${\left[R_{o-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }=\frac{0.11}{0.65}=0.17[m^{2}k/w]$

${\left[D_{o-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }=2.13\ln (1.46\&times;0.75\&times;\frac{0.11}{0.17})=4.2$

${\left[q_{o-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\max }=\frac{18-15.5}{0.17}=1.47[w/m^2]$

1.4, the heat preservation energy-saving ternary of window control index:

By " window wall correlation principle ", under known area ratio of window to wall s condition, then have:

In the formula, The resistance of heat transfer of-wall;

-under known area ratio of window to wall s condition, the resistance of heat transfer of window;

Window wall relative coefficient during-corresponding window-wall ratio s.Now getting s=1.0 is example:

When s=1.0, Then the heat preservation energy-saving of window is controlled index:

${\left[R_{s-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }=0.78{\left[R_{o-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }=0.78\&times;0.77=0.60[m^{2}k/w]$

${\left[D_{s-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }=2.13\ln (1.46\&times;0.72\&times;\frac{0.11}{0.60})=0$

${\left[q_{s-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\max }=\frac{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}{{\left[R_{s-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }}\frac{18-7.2}{0.60}=18.0[w/m^2]$

Thus, the heat preservation energy-saving ternary of above-mentioned building enclosure-wall, roof, window control index is shown in following table 04

The heat preservation energy-saving ternary control index of 04 roof, wall and window.

Annotate: after considering solar irradiance winter, energy-conservation more favourable thermal insulation of roof.

1.5, the adjustment of building enclosure heat preservation energy-saving ternary control index:

By " window wall equivalent resistance of heat transfer form invariance principle in parallel ", then have:

$R_E=\frac{{\left[{R\&prime;}_{s-E}\right]}_{\min }{\left[R_{o-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }(1+s)}{{\left[R_{s-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }+s{\left[R_{o-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }}=\frac{0.60\&times;0.77(1+1)}{0.60+1\&times;0.77}=\frac{0.924}{1.37}=0.67<0.77$

Get $\mathrm{\&alpha;}=\frac{0.67}{0.77}=0.87,$ ${\left[R_{s-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }=\frac{0.60}{0.87}=0.69;$ ${\left[R_{o-E}^{\&prime;}\right]}_{\min }=\frac{0.77}{0.87}=0.88;$ Then adjust the equivalent resistance of heat transfer [R in back _E]/α, promptly

$R_E^{\&prime;}=\frac{0.69\&times;0.88\&times;(1+1)}{0.69+1\&times;0.88}=0.77[m^{2}k/w]$

At last, winter indoor adopting under the dim condition, the heat preservation energy-saving ternary of building enclosure control index is shown in following table 05

The insulation of 05 adjusted roof, wall, window-energy-conservation ternary control index

Claims (4)

1. building thermal environments and construction energy-conserving control method in the heating building may further comprise the steps:

One, according to continuous outside air temperature mean value more than 5 days in local nearest 10 years of the heating building

Outside air temperature maximum t _O-maxWith minimum of a value t _O-mimAnd changing value t _0-τ, the local building horizontal outer surface in roof and north wall outer surface solar irradiance daily mean I _H, I _N, maximum I _Hmax, I _NmaxCalculate the integrated temperature mean value t of local building horizontal outer surface in roof and north wall outer surface _H-saAnd t _N-saWave amplitude A corresponding with it _H-tsaAnd A _N-tsa

(1), calculates continuous outside air temperature mean value t more than 5 days in local nearest 10 years by the measured value of local weather bureau _o, amplitude A ₀And initial phase

[1], outside air temperature mean value: t ₀

[2], outside air temperature wave amplitude:

$A_0=\frac{1}{2}(t_{0.\max }-t_{0.min})$

[3], t _0.maxPairing time τ ₀By changing value t _O-τDetermine by interpolation method:

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_o=t_{014}+\frac{t_{0.\max }-t_{014}}{t_{014}-t_{020}}\&times;6$

In the formula: t ₀₁₄, t ₀₂₀Be respectively continuous outside air temperature mean value t more than 5 days in nearest 10 years _o≤ 5 ℃

The mean value of the outside air temperature when 14 and 20;

With initial time τ ₀Corresponding initial phase

For:

(2) calculate t _H-saAnd t _N-saAnd A _H-tsaAnd A _N-tsa

[1], calculates t _H-saAnd t _N-sa:

${\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_{H-\mathrm{sa}}={\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_0+\mathrm{\&rho;}\frac{{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{I}}_H}{{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0},$ ${\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_{N-\mathrm{sa}}={\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_0+\mathrm{\&rho;}\frac{{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{I}}_N}{{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0}$

ρ is the absorption coefficient of horizontal outer surface in roof or north wall outer surface material, ρ=0.7;

α ₀Be the coefficient of heat transfer of horizontal outer surface in roof or north wall outer surface, α ₀=23.0;

[2] local building horizontal outer surface in roof and north wall outer surface solar radiation equivalent temperature wave amplitude:

$A_{\mathrm{IH}.\max }=\mathrm{\&rho;}\frac{I_{H\max }-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{I}}_H}{{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0},$ $A_{\mathrm{IN}.\max }=\mathrm{\&rho;}\frac{I_{N\max }-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{I}}_N}{{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0}$

[3], calculate A _H-tsaAnd A _N-tsa: by outside air temperature wave amplitude A ₀And phase angle

, with solar radiation equivalent temperature wave amplitude and phase angle

With

Calculate by following vector superposition formula:

The resistance of heat transfer control index of roof and wall when two, determining to be incubated in the heating building

The resistance of heat transfer of wall control index [R when [1], being incubated _o] _Nmin: determine by locality building the eighties universal design wall heat transfer resistance;

The resistance of heat transfer on roof control index [R when [2], being incubated _o] _Hmin:

${\left[R_o\right]}_{H\min }=\frac{18-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_{H-\mathrm{sa}}}{18-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{\mathrm{\&theta;}}}_i}{R}_i;$ (t _d-1)<θ _i<18 R _i＝0.11；

t _dFor indoor when adopting 18 ℃ of dim temperature, the dew point under the heating building average relative humidity in local winter;

Three, determine in the heating building not heat preservation energy-saving ternary control index: the resistance of heat transfer of wall control index [R during heat preservation energy-saving with the wall of window _O-E] _Nmin, thermal inertia control index [D _0-E] _Nmin, heat flow density control index [q _0-E] _Nmax

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\left[R_{o-E}\right]}_{N\min }=\frac{{\left[R_o\right]}_{N\min }}{1-\mathrm{\&epsiv;}};\\ {\left[D_{0-E}\right]}_{N\min }=2.13\ln \left(1.46A_{N-\mathrm{tsa}}\frac{R_i}{{\left[R_{0-E}\right]}_{N\min }}\right),R_i=0.11;\\ {\left[q_{0-E}\right]}_{N\max }=\frac{18-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_{N-\mathrm{sa}}}{{\left[R_o\right]}_{N\min }}(1-\mathrm{\&epsiv;})\end{array}\right.$

Be the heat preservation energy-saving efficient of wall for ε in the formula,

Four, the heat preservation energy-saving ternary on roof control index: the resistance of heat transfer on roof control index [R during heat preservation energy-saving _O-E] _Hmin, thermal inertia control index [D _0-E] _Hmin, heat flow density control index [q _0-E] _Hmax

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\left[R_{o-E}\right]}_{H\min }=\frac{{\left[R_o\right]}_{H\min }}{1-\mathrm{\&epsiv;}};\\ {\left[D_o\right]}_{H\min }=2.13\ln \left(1.46A_{H-\mathrm{tsa}}\frac{R_i}{{\left[R_{o-E}\right]}_{H\min }}\right),R_i=0.11;\\ {\left[q_{o-E}\right]}_{H\max }=\frac{18-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_{H-\mathrm{sa}}}{{\left[R_o\right]}_{H\min }}(1-\mathrm{\&epsiv;});\end{array}\right.$

Five, determine that whole face is the heat preservation energy-saving ternary control index of window in the heating building

The heat preservation energy-saving resistance of heat transfer control index [R of window _S-E] _Min:

${\left[R_{s-E}\right]}_{N\min }=\frac{1}{2}[(\mathrm{\&xi;}-s)+\sqrt{{(\mathrm{\&xi;}-s)}^2+4s}]{\left[R_{o-E}\right]}_{N-\min }$

In the formula, s=F _s/ F _o, F _sWindow ara, F _oWall area, ξ=1/ (1+s);

The heat preservation energy-saving thermal inertia control index [D of window _S-E] _Nmin:

${\left[D_{s-E}\right]}_{N\min }=2.13\ln \left(1.46A_{N-\mathrm{tsa}}\frac{R_i}{{\left[R_{s-E}\right]}_{N\min }}\right)$

The heat preservation energy-saving heat flow density control index [q of window _S-E] N _Max:

${\left[q_{s-E}\right]}_{N\max }=\frac{18-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_{N-\mathrm{sa}}}{{\left[R_{s-E}\right]}_{N\min }}$

Six, determine in the heating building heat preservation energy-saving ternary control index of wall and window in the wall of band window

The heat preservation energy-saving resistance of heat transfer of wall control index according to

Determine, the heat preservation energy-saving thermal inertia control index of wall according to ${\left[D_{0-E}\right]}_{N\min }=2.13\ln \left(1.46A_{N-\mathrm{tsa}}\frac{R_i}{{\left[R_{0-E}\right]}_{N\min }/\mathrm{\&alpha;}}\right),$ The heat preservation energy-saving heat flow density of wall control index according to ${\left[q_{0-E}\right]}_{N\max }=\frac{18-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_{N-\mathrm{sa}}}{{\left[R_o\right]}_{N\min }}(1-\mathrm{\&epsiv;})\&times;\mathrm{\&alpha;}$ Determine;

The heat preservation energy-saving resistance of heat transfer of window control index according to

Determine; The heat preservation energy-saving thermal inertia of window control index according to ${\left[D_{s-E}\right]}_{N\min }=2.13\ln \left(1.46A_{N-\mathrm{tsa}}\frac{R_i}{{\left[R_{s-E}\right]}_{N\min }/\mathrm{\&alpha;}}\right),$ The heat preservation energy-saving heat flow density of window control index according to ${\left[q_{s-E}\right]}_{N\max }=\frac{18-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{t}}_{N-\mathrm{sa}}}{{\left[R_{s-E}\right]}_{N\min }/\mathrm{\&alpha;}}$ Determine;

Wherein $\mathrm{\&alpha;}=\frac{\frac{{\left[R_{s-E}\right]}_{\min }\&CenterDot;{\left[R_{o-E}\right]}_{W\min }(1+s)}{{\left[R_{s-E}\right]}_{\min }+s{\left[R_{o-E}\right]}_{W\min }}}{{\left[R_{o-E}\right]}_{W\min }}$

Control the heat preservation energy-saving performance of wall, roof and window according to the heat preservation energy-saving ternary control index of above-mentioned wall, roof and window.

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: ε in the step 3 and four=heating building energy-saving efficiency * 70%.

3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: ε in the step 3 and four=0.350.

4. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: ε in the step 3 and four=0.455.