CN101464067A - Energy-saving and compact absorption type refrigerating machine - Google Patents
Energy-saving and compact absorption type refrigerating machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101464067A CN101464067A CNA2008102291646A CN200810229164A CN101464067A CN 101464067 A CN101464067 A CN 101464067A CN A2008102291646 A CNA2008102291646 A CN A2008102291646A CN 200810229164 A CN200810229164 A CN 200810229164A CN 101464067 A CN101464067 A CN 101464067A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
Abstract
The invention relates to an absorption refrigerator or an absorption chiller/heater which adopts a high-temperature heat source for driving. The energy-saving and compact absorption refrigerator/chiller/heater mainly comprises singular or plural generators, absorbers, condensers, evaporators, corresponding solution heat exchangers, solution pumps and coolant pumps, the generators with external heat sources and the evaporators are communicated by steam bypasses, the absorbers and the evaporators are communicated by coolant bypasses, a cold medium is taken as a cold-carrying agent and a heat-carrying agent, a cold medium circulation device for carrying cold and carrying heat is arranged between the evaporators and an air-conditioning heat exchanger, thereby being applicable to single-effect and multi-effect refrigeration circulation and being capable of carrying out refrigeration at the temperature of about 10 DEG C or above and simultaneously recycling absorbed heat for heating at the temperature of about 50 DEG C or above. The absorption refrigerator or the absorption chiller/heater has compact structure and reduces the material consumption by 30 percent-50 percent, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing cost; the circulating power of a cold/heat output and cooling system can be reduced by 88-98 percent, thereby having very significant effects of saving energy, saving materials and reducing cost and maintenance cost.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to adopt the Absorption Refrigerator or the absorption cold temperature machine of high temperature heat source driving.
Two, background technology
Existing Absorption Refrigerator or the absorption cooling and warming water machine that is used for air-conditioning mainly makes to absorb circulatory mediator with lithium-bromide solution, mainly be divided into types such as single-action, economic benefits and social benefits and triple effect according to its absorption refrigeration recurring series, above-mentioned various type is all adopted and is used water as refrigerating medium and the warm output of catalyst carrier cooling, when carrying out refrigeration mode, adopt the condensation heat of cooling water do cooling medium absorptive condenser and the absorption heat of absorber to be released to environment, generally the water as refrigerant evaporating temperature at evaporimeter is located at about 5.5 ℃, and the circulating water out temperature is located at about 12-15 ℃ and 7 ℃.
From the thermodynamics angle, because the cold and hot occurrence temperature of evaporimeter is crossed and is lower than the tempering air temperature, or it is excessive at required average heat transfer temperature difference between evaporimeter water as refrigerant and the circulating water and between air-condition heat exchanger circulating water and tempering air, cause the total heat transfer temperature difference between water as refrigerant and the tempering air excessive, cause the irreversible loss in the cold and hot output procedure bigger.
From the thermal conduction study angle, utilize the sensible heat of the cold warm water of circulation to carry cold and heat-carrying, required quantity of circulating water is big, and recirculated water power is big, and less at evaporimeter and the cold warm water side of air-condition heat exchanger local heat transfer coefficient, cause that evaporimeter and air-condition heat exchanger heat transfer area are big, volume is big many with material.Utilize the sensible heat of recirculated cooling water to carry the absorption heat of absorber and the condensation heat of condenser is released to environment, same required recirculated cooling water amount is big, recirculated cooling water power is big, and the cooling water side local heat transfer coefficient at absorber and condenser is less, cause absorber and condenser heat transfer area big, volume is big many with material.Circulate in addition cold warm water and recirculated cooling water is open system, and evaporimeter, air-condition heat exchanger and condenser and the easy fouling of absorber meeting cause its heat exchange property to reduce, and needs regularly to clean and increase standing charges.
The open H01-219454 of Japan Patent has announced that employing volatility refrigerant (hereinafter to be referred as refrigerant) makes the Absorption Refrigerator of evaporator portion refrigerating medium.This invention is arranged on top of building with Absorption Refrigerator, the gravity that utilizes cooling medium liquid is with its circulation input building room conditioning heat exchanger, but the cold and hot occurrence temperature of evaporator portion is not improved and consider to reduce irreversible loss in the cold and hot output transmittance process, its design philosophy and use also that the utmost point has limitation.According to another document introduction, existing before this refrigerant is done the invention of the Absorption Refrigerator of evaporator portion refrigerating medium, but refrigerant is with steam machinery compressor cycle, the cold and hot way of output of this kind had both needed the both vapor compression merit that coefficient of refrigerating performance is reduced, and increased owing to the average heat transfer temperature difference between refrigerant and the tempering air strengthens the irreversible loss that makes in the cold and hot output procedure again.
Three, summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned not enough problem, proposes a kind of high energy saving, highly saves energy-conservation, the compact absorption type refrigerating machine of material.
The technical scheme that the present invention is adopted for achieving the above object is: energy-conservation, compact absorption type refrigerating machine, mainly form by generator, absorber, condenser, evaporimeter, corresponding solution heat exchanger, solution pump, the cryogenic fluid pump of odd number or plural number, with refrigerant double as refrigerating medium and catalyst carrier, be provided with double as between evaporimeter and the air-condition heat exchanger and carry cold, heat-carrying coolant circulating device, be applicable to single-action and multiple-effect kind of refrigeration cycle, can about 10 ℃ or above temperature refrigeration and reclaiming simultaneously absorb heat about 50 ℃ or above temperature system temperature.
Described condenser is made the cooling medium with refrigerant, is communicated with the refrigerant condensing unit by coolant circulating device, constitutes the refrigerant circulation circuit of making the cooling medium between the two at it.
Described condenser and absorber with serial or parallel connection made the cooling medium with refrigerant, is communicated with the refrigerant condensing unit by coolant circulating device, constitutes the refrigerant circulation circuit of making cooling agent between condenser and absorber and refrigerant condensing unit.
Described coolant circulating device is liquid pump formula or air-pump type or liquid pump and air pump combined type, mainly by the refrigerant liquid pump of odd number or plural number or air pump or liquid pump with air pump, reservoir, reach corresponding switching valve and form.
Described liquid pump formula coolant circulating device, its reservoir cooling medium liquid output pipe connects liquid pump and switching valve is set, constitute refrigerant circulation circuit between air-condition heat exchanger and the evaporimeter or between condenser and absorber and the refrigerant condensing unit, forward and reverse circulation of its refrigerant is controlled by switching valve.
Its effect and characteristics are: when carrying out refrigeration mode, being delivered to air-condition heat exchanger by the cooling medium liquid in the refrigerant liquid pump absorption reservoir makes its heat absorption evaporation with refrigeration wind, consequent refrigerant steam is regenerated by force feed to evaporimeter heat release condensation, and then the cooling medium liquid loopback reservoir that produces, in this cyclic process, because air-condition heat exchanger is in the upstream side of evaporimeter, thus refrigerant in the average evaporating pressure of air-condition heat exchanger and temperature all a little more than its average condensing pressure and temperature at evaporimeter; When carrying out the warm pattern of system, the cooling medium liquid of being drawn in the reservoir by the refrigerant liquid pump is delivered to evaporimeter, make it to refrigerant vapour heat absorption evaporation, consequent refrigerant steam is pushed back delivers to air-condition heat exchanger heat release condensation making warm wind, and then the cooling medium liquid foldback reservoir that produces.Under situation about being arranged between condenser and absorber and the refrigerant condensing unit, the refrigerant cyclic process is: attract the cooling medium liquid in the reservoir to be delivered to condenser and absorber by liquid pump, with absorption condensation heat and absorb heat and evaporate, consequent refrigerant vapour pressure is delivered to the refrigerant condensing unit to cooling water heat release condensation, and then the cooling medium liquid loopback reservoir of regeneration; The refrigerant of this cyclic process is higher than its average condensing pressure and temperature at the refrigerant condensing unit in the average evaporating pressure and the temperature of condenser and absorber; Switching valve need not established in this single loop; When adopting plural liquid pump, can be by the start-stop number of controlling liquid pump as one of control cooling medium liquid internal circulating load method.
Described air-pump type coolant circulating device, its reservoir refrigerant steam pipework connects the refrigerant air pump and switching valve is set, constitute refrigerant circulation circuit between evaporimeter and the air-condition heat exchanger or between refrigerant condensing unit and condenser and the absorber, forward and reverse circulation of its refrigerant is controlled by switching valve.
Its effect and characteristics are: when carrying out refrigeration mode, be delivered to evaporimeter by the refrigerant steam in the air pump attraction reservoir and make its heat release condensation regeneration, the cooling medium liquid that produces continues force feed to air-condition heat exchanger makes its heat absorption evaporation with refrigeration wind, the refrigerant steam loopback reservoir that produces, in this cyclic process, because air-condition heat exchanger is in the downstream side of evaporimeter, thus refrigerant in the average evaporating pressure of air-condition heat exchanger and temperature a little less than its average condensing pressure and temperature at evaporimeter; When carrying out the warm pattern of system, being delivered to air-condition heat exchanger by the refrigerant steam in the air pump attraction reservoir makes its heat release condensation to make warm wind, the refrigerant condensate liquid that produces continues force feed to evaporimeter makes it to refrigerant vapour heat absorption evaporation, the refrigerant steam loopback reservoir of generation.Under situation about being located between condenser and absorber and the refrigerant condensing unit, the refrigerant cyclic process is: attracted to be delivered to the refrigerant condensing unit from the refrigerant steam in the reservoir by air pump, to cooling water heat release condensation, the cooling medium liquid that produces is continued force feed to condenser and absorber, make its absorption condensation heat and absorption heat and evaporate consequent refrigerant steam loopback reservoir; The refrigerant of this cyclic process all is lower than its average condensation temperature at the refrigerant condensing unit in the average evaporating pressure and the temperature of condenser and absorber; Switching valve need not established in this single loop; When adopting plural air pump, can be by the start-stop number of controlling air pump as one of control cooling medium liquid internal circulating load method.Described liquid pump and air pump combined type coolant circulating device, the refrigerant vapour of its reservoir, liquid pipeline connect refrigerant liquid pump and air pump respectively and switching valve are set, be located between evaporimeter and the air-condition heat exchanger or between refrigerant condensing unit and condenser and absorber and constitute refrigerant circulation circuit, forward and reverse circulation of its refrigerant is controlled by switching valve.
Its effect and characteristics are: when carrying out refrigeration mode, be delivered to evaporimeter by the refrigerant steam in the air pump attraction reservoir and make its heat release condensation, the cooling medium liquid loopback reservoir (or vapour liquid separator) that produces, meanwhile being delivered to air-condition heat exchanger by the cooling medium liquid in the liquid pump absorption reservoir makes its heat absorption evaporation with refrigeration wind, the refrigerant steam loopback reservoir that produces, because the air pump loop and the liquid pump loop of refrigerant are parallel to reservoir, so refrigerant is all close with its average condensing pressure and temperature at evaporimeter in the average evaporating pressure and the temperature of air-condition heat exchanger; When carrying out the warm pattern of system, being delivered to air-condition heat exchanger by the refrigerant steam in the air pump attraction reservoir makes its heat release condensation to make warm wind, the cooling medium liquid loopback reservoir that produces, meanwhile being delivered to evaporimeter by the cooling medium liquid in the liquid pump absorption reservoir makes it to refrigerant vapour heat absorption evaporation, the refrigerant steam loopback reservoir of generation.When being arranged between condenser and absorber and the refrigerant condensing unit, the refrigerant cyclic process is: the cooling medium liquid that liquid pump is drawn in the reservoir is delivered to condenser and absorber absorption condensation heat and absorbs hot the evaporation, the refrigerant steam loopback reservoir that produces, refrigerant steam in the reservoir of air pump attraction simultaneously is delivered to the refrigerant condensing unit makes it to cooling water heat release condensation, the cooling medium liquid loopback reservoir of generation; Refrigerant is all close with its average condensing pressure and temperature at the refrigerant condensing unit in the average evaporating pressure and the temperature of condenser and absorber; Switching valve need not established in this single loop; When employing has plural air pump and plural refrigerant liquid pump, can be by the start-stop number of controlling air pump and liquid pump as one of control cooling medium liquid internal circulating load method.
The refrigerant condenser of described refrigerant condensing unit is provided with refrigerant and imports and exports, the condenser bottom is provided with storage tank, water replanishing device is set in the storage tank, the coolant outlet of storage tank bottom is connected with spray equipment through cooling water pump, with the outside of cool water shower in refrigerant condenser heat-transfer pipe, form the falling liquid film cooling water, housing between refrigerant condenser and the storage tank is provided with air flue, housing top air outlet slit is provided with blower fan, the air that blower fan is twitched environment is flowed through between the heat-transfer pipe of refrigerant condenser, to promote its inboard refrigerant and the heat exchange under its wet-bulb temperature of outside falling liquid film cooling water.
The described refrigerant of making refrigerating medium, catalyst carrier and cooling medium adopts natural refrigerant or synthetic refrigerants such as CFC, HCFC, HFC and HFE class such as ammonia, hydrocarbon class, carbon dioxide.Can be cold according to its year, the indexs such as security requirement in vapour pressure, evaporative condenser latent heat, the pressure loss when it is flowed through all heat exchangers and set zone under heat-carrying temperature and the cooling down operation temperature select.
The evaporimeter of described absorption cold temperature machine or absorber or generator adopt the falling liquid film heat exchanger that is made of the board-like heat-transfer pipe that is connected with thin plate between the contiguous main heat-transfer pipe, the tube fluid initial stage distributor of the inlet connecting band tube fluid inlet tube of its upstream side board-like heat-transfer pipe in parallel, last downstream side board-like heat-transfer pipe in parallel is communicated with by the inferior distributor of tube fluid, the outlet of downstream side board-like heat-transfer pipe in parallel connects outlet, and extratubal fluid initial stage distributor is set on the top of falling liquid film heat exchanger, the inferior distributor of board-like heat-transfer pipe upper limb installing extratubal fluid, can make the extratubal fluid distribution structure can guarantee in refrigeration simply again and heat to load when hanging down thus, the board-like heat-transfer pipe outside also can keep fluid falling liquid film distribution preferably to keep its higher heat exchange property.
Falling liquid film heat exchanger of the present invention is used for evaporimeter, can realize cryogen liquid and refrigerant steam, or the little temperature difference heat exchange between refrigerant vapour and the cooling medium liquid, and has higher overall heat-transfer coefficient; Be used for absorber, can realize the heat exchange under the less mean temperature difference between concentrated solution and the cooling medium liquid, and have higher overall heat-transfer coefficient; The absorber that is used for the Absorption Refrigerator of cooling water or warm water cooling system can be realized the heat exchange under less mean temperature difference between concentrated solution and cooling water or the warm water; Be used for generator, can realize the little different transfer of heat between thermal source steam or refrigerant vapour and the absorption liquid.But it is that phase-change heat transfer fluid or sensible heat heat transfer fluid, flow and hot rerum natura thereof are determined that the main drive tube of the board-like heat-transfer pipe of described falling liquid film heat exchanger needs according to thermic load, tube fluid.
Described condenser adopts by the board-like heat-transfer pipe that is connected with thin plate between the contiguous main heat-transfer pipe, the inlet of its upstream side board-like heat-transfer pipe in parallel connects the tube fluid initial stage distributor that has the tube fluid inlet tube, last downstream side board-like heat-transfer pipe in parallel is communicated with by the inferior distributor of tube fluid, the outlet connecting pipe inner fluid outlet of downstream side board-like heat-transfer pipe in parallel, board-like heat-transfer pipe lower edge installing falling film separator.
The attached air-condition heat exchanger of described absorption cold temperature machine adopts the dull and stereotyped heat-transfer pipe with plural number stream arranged side by side to be parallel between the refrigerant turnover pipe, adds the folded fin heat sink that forms air flow circuit between its dull and stereotyped heat-transfer pipe.
Absorption cold temperature machine of the present invention is made refrigerating medium, catalyst carrier and cooling medium with refrigerant, and promptly generator adopts board-like heat transfer cast falling liquid film heat transfer equipment that following effect and advantage or characteristics are arranged:
1) its refrigeration mode utilizes the phase-change heat transfer characteristics of the approximate isothermal condensation heat release and the heat absorption of approximate isothermal evaporation of refrigerant, can be implemented in the little temperature difference heat exchange between the refrigerant of the cryogen of evaporator evaporation heat absorption and heat release condensation, and the heat transfer under the less mean temperature difference between the tempering air of the refrigerant of the approximate isothermal evaporation heat absorption of air-condition heat exchanger and the sensible heat heat release of lowering the temperature, thereby can reduce the total heat transfer temperature difference between cryogen and the tempering air, make cryogen evaporating temperature at evaporimeter can correspondingly be increased to about 10 ℃ and above higher temperature field with refrigeration, can correspondingly reduce irreversible loss in the cold and hot output transmittance process by the institute's calorific requirement of can corresponding reduction freezing.
2) because above-mentioned 1) the characteristics of high position refrigeration can make the hot temperature of absorption of absorber corresponding be increased to 50 ℃ surplus to 60 ℃ surplus, thereby can utilize absorb the heat system more than 50 ℃ to about 60 ℃ warm water, make more than total thermodynamic coefficient reaches absolutely.
Phase-change heat transfer characteristics when 3) it makes approximate isothermal evaporation heat absorption that warm pattern also utilizes refrigerant with isothermal condensation heat release, and use same evaporimeter and air-condition heat exchanger with refrigeration mode, warm with refrigerant output transmission between it, can reduce the irreversible loss in the warm output transmittance process greatly.
4) because all big characteristics of local heat transfer coefficient the when evaporation of refrigerant and condensation phase transformation, utilize it to make refrigerating medium, catalyst carrier and cooling medium, the heat transfer area of evaporimeter, absorber and condenser and air-condition heat exchanger and refrigerant condenser is reduced greatly, realize its densification, and reduce its with material, reduce its production cost;
5) the latent heat heat-carrying capacity of refrigerant is much larger than the sensible heat heat-carrying capacity of water, thus its internal circulating load much smaller than circulating water and recirculated cooling water, promptly required circulation power is much smaller than circulating water and recirculated cooling water power.
6) owing to when under higher temperature, freezing, can make the corresponding raising of absorber temperatures, thus when having eliminated concentrated solution loopback absorber because of the hidden danger of easy crystallization;
7) because closed system is adopted in the refrigerant circulation, thereby the problem of easy fouling in evaporimeter and air-condition heat exchanger and absorber and the condenser when having avoided adopting cold warm water of circulation and recirculated cooling water mode, both can keep the heat exchange property of evaporimeter and air-condition heat exchanger and absorber and condenser, do not need regular cleaning again, saved the standing charges of absorption cold temperature machine.
8) Absorption Refrigerator or the cold temperature machine that triple effect absorption refrigeration is circulated, when in, cryogenerator adopts falling liquid film heat exchanger of the present invention, can make it two imitate that the accumulative total heat transfer temperature difference reduces about 10 ℃ or higher between the refrigerant vapour of generator and the absorption liquid, thereby can effectively reduce the absorption liquid temperature and the pressure of high-temperature generator.
In sum, absorption type refrigerating machine of the present invention makes the compact conformation of evaporimeter, absorber, condenser, generator, attached cold warm output, cooling system, air-condition heat exchanger and complete machine, reduce 30～50% with the material amount, its manufacturing cost is reduced greatly; The circulation power of cold warm output and cooling system reduces degree can reach 88～98% (when refrigerant adopts HFC134a～NH
3And become 5 ℃) in the cold water of absorption cooling and warming water machine and coolant water temperature, energy-conservation, economize material and reduce cost and the effect highly significant of standing charges, as for the double effect absorption cold warm water machine, if the circulation power station service power in its cold water and cooling water is 5% of its refrigerating capacity, be equivalent to save steam compression cycle formula air conditioner required electric power and the standing charges that its refrigerating capacity is mated more than 20%; The irreversible loss of cold warm output procedure also significantly reduces; And recyclable absorption heat is used to make warm water (but the warm water transmitting power is constant) in refrigeration, and total thermodynamic coefficient is reached more than a hundred per cent.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that of the present invention the circulation with the series connection dual-effect refrigeration is that example adopts refrigerant to make the absorption cold temperature machine schematic diagram of refrigerating medium and catalyst carrier;
Fig. 2 be of the present invention with the single-action kind of refrigeration cycle be example adopt refrigerant do refrigerating medium with catalyst carrier and reclaim absorb heat make warm water absorption cold temperature machine schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 for of the present invention be that example adopts refrigerant to make the absorption cold temperature machine schematic diagram of condenser cooling medium with the series connection dual-effect refrigeration;
Fig. 4 for of the present invention be that example adopts refrigerant to make the absorption cold temperature machine schematic diagram that condenser and absorber cool off medium with the single-action kind of refrigeration cycle;
Fig. 5 is a liquid pump formula coolant circulating device schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is an air-pump type coolant circulating device schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is liquid pump of the present invention and air pump dual-purpose formula coolant circulating device schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of refrigerant condensing unit of the present invention;
Fig. 9 a is the schematic diagram of example of the refrigerant condenser of refrigerant condensing unit of the present invention, and b is its heat-transfer pipe arrangement mode schematic diagram.
Figure 10 is a falling liquid film heat exchanger schematic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the board-like heat-transfer pipe schematic diagram of circular stream;
Figure 12-a is the distributor of used tube fluid initial stage of falling liquid film heat exchanger of the present invention, and b is the schematic diagram of the example one of the inferior distributor of tube fluid;
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the example two of the inferior distributor of the used tube fluid of falling liquid film heat exchanger of the present invention;
Figure 14-a is the distributor schematic diagram of used extratubal fluid initial stage of falling liquid film heat exchanger of the present invention, and b is the schematic diagram of its extratubal fluid distributing pipe.
Figure 15-a is the stereogram of the inferior distributor of the used extratubal fluid of falling liquid film heat exchanger of the present invention, and b is its structural representation;
Figure 16-a is the cooperation schematic diagram of the board-like heat-transfer pipe upper limb of the inferior distributor of the extratubal fluid extratubal fluid distributing pipe below that is arranged at extratubal fluid initial stage distributor; B is arranged at the cooperation schematic diagram of the board-like heat-transfer pipe upper limb of downside for it below the board-like heat-transfer pipe of upside;
Figure 17 is a condenser schematic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 18-a is the used falling liquid film separator of a cryogen condenser of the present invention stereogram; B is that it cooperates schematic diagram with board-like heat-transfer pipe;
Figure 19 adopts falling film evaporator to realize the cold temperature machine of the serially connected three-effect absorption-type schematic diagram of little different transfer of heat fully for of the present invention at evaporimeter, absorber, condenser and high, medium and low temperature generator;
Figure 20 is an air-condition heat exchanger schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 21 has the structure of the dull and stereotyped heat-transfer pipe of circular stream arranged side by side and cooperates schematic diagram with fin for air-condition heat exchanger of the present invention is used.
Five, the specific embodiment
Shown in Figure 1 is that of the present invention the circulation with the series connection dual-effect refrigeration is that example adopts refrigerant to make the absorption cold temperature machine of refrigerating medium and catalyst carrier, forms by high-temperature generator 1, cryogenerator 3, absorber 4, condenser 5, evaporimeter 6, cryogenic fluid pump 7, weak solution pump 8, pyrosol heat exchanger 1a, cryogenic fluid heat exchanger 3a and so that the coolant circulating device 10 shown in Fig. 5～6 is auxilliary mutually, adopt lithium-bromide solution to make to absorb circulatory mediator and employing recirculating cooling water system.
When carrying out refrigeration mode, by absorb liquid pump 8 self-absorption devices 4 carry weak solutions successively through cryogenic fluid heat exchanger 3a and high-temperature heat-exchanging 1a retrieve respectively from the concentrated solution of cryogenerator 3a with from the different temperatures sensible heat of the intermediate solution of high-temperature generator to high temperature generator 1, provide the heat regeneration weak solution by external heat source; The refrigerant vapour that produce this moment uses as the regeneration thermal source from the intermediate solution of high-temperature generator 1 through cryogenerator 3, and its condensate liquid is through condenser 5, returns (or flash distillation in) evaporimeter 6 with the condensate liquid that comes comfortable cryogenerator 3 back of confluxing by the U-shaped pipe; Concentrated solution from cryogenerator 3 forms falling liquid film by pressure loopback and absorber 4 sprays in its outside; Form the falling film evaporation absorption refrigeration at evaporimeter 6 water as refrigerants in its outside by cryogenic fluid pump 7 circulated sprinklings and make its inboard refrigerant steam heat release condensation regeneration, be delivered to air-condition heat exchanger 15 evaporation heat absorptions with refrigeration wind and carry a cold and hot refrigerant condensate liquid by coolant circulating device 10, release the refrigerant steam loopback evaporimeter 6 after cold; And absorbed by its outside falling film absorption liquid at the refrigerant vapour inflow absorber 4 that evaporimeter 6 produces, it absorbs heat and is removed by the cooling water of absorber 4 inboards.
When carrying out the warm pattern of system, carry weak solution to high temperature generator 1, to return absorber 4 through cryogenerator 3 again by absorbing liquid pump 8 self-absorption devices 4; Provide heat to make the absorption liquid boiling at high-temperature generator by external heat source, Zai Sheng refrigerant vapour enters evaporimeter 6 through refrigerant vapour bypass 9 thus, and heating fumigators 6 makes its inboard cooling medium liquid heat absorption evaporation; And being delivered to air-condition heat exchanger 15 by coolant circulating device 10, the refrigerant steam of heat-carrying make its heat release condensation to make warm wind.But air-condition heat exchanger 15 odd numbers or plural number in addition.Air-condition heat exchanger 15 places near the absorption cold temperature machine, has the little advantage of the circulation refrigerant pressure loss.
Shown in Figure 2 be of the present invention with the single-action kind of refrigeration cycle be example adopt refrigerant do refrigerating medium with catalyst carrier and reclaim absorb heat make warm water absorption cold temperature machine, by generator 1, absorber 4, condenser 5, evaporimeter 6, cryogenic fluid pump 7, weak solution pump 8, solution heat exchanger 1a, and with the auxilliary mutually composition of the coolant circulating device 10 shown in Fig. 5～6, adopt lithium-bromide solution to make absorption liquid and employing recirculated cooling water cooler condenser 5, and adopt warm water to extract the absorption heat of absorber 4.
Its main feature is: when carrying out refrigeration mode, because it is cold and hot to adopt refrigerant to do refrigerating medium output, so can be located at about 12 ℃ or high slightly in evaporimeter cryogen evaporating temperature, Pressure-concentration-temperature figure according to lithium-bromide solution, this moment the concentrated solution temperature of absorber and the refrigerant vapour balance of coming flash-pot according to its concentration can more than 50 ℃ to more than 60 ℃, absorb heat and make about 50 ℃ to 60 ℃ warm water and export so can utilize at absorber.In addition, the condensation heat of condenser is removed with cooling water; When carrying out the warm pattern of system, between generator 1 and absorber 4, do the absorption liquid circulation, provide heat to make the weak solution boiling at generator 1 by thermal source, be used for the system temperature and import evaporimeter 6 through refrigerant vapour bypass 9 at the refrigerant vapour that generator 1 produces, its condensate liquid returns absorber 4 through cryogen bypass 6a, concentrated solution from generator 1 sprays in absorber 4 outsides simultaneously, and its high temperature sensible heat is used to add the inboard warm water of heat absorber for output, but its heat partly provides for thermal source.
Fig. 3 is the cold temperature machine of series connection double effect absorption of making condenser cooling medium with refrigerant of the present invention, be on the cold temperature machine of the series connection double effect absorption basis of making refrigerating medium with refrigerant shown in Figure 1, be aided with coolant circulating device 10 shown in Fig. 5～6 and refrigerant condensing unit 40 shown in Figure 8, kept shown in Figure 2 having and reclaimed the advantage that absorbs heat with warm water.Its refrigeration mode and make warm pattern with described same according to Fig. 1, and in its refrigeration and system temperature, absorb the pattern of high temperature sensible heat interlock system warm water of heat or concentrated solution with described same according to Fig. 2 in the absorber utilization.But when carrying out refrigeration mode, the condensation heat of condenser is to be removed by its inboard refrigerant evaporation heat absorption, and the refrigerant of this cooling system is circulated by coolant circulating device, and refrigerant steam is regenerated by 40 condensations of refrigerant condensing unit.
Fig. 4 adopts refrigerant for circulation of the present invention and makes the cold temperature machine of the single-effective absorption schematic diagram of condenser and absorber cooling medium, be making to carry the asynchronous refrigeration of cold catalyst carrier and making on the warm basis at absorption cold temperature machine 50a shown in Figure 1 with refrigerant, be aided with coolant circulating device 10 shown in Fig. 5～6 and refrigerant condensing unit 40 shown in Figure 8, condenser 5 is cooled off respectively with refrigerant in parallel loop with absorber 4.
Liquid pump formula coolant circulating device schematic diagram as shown in Figure 5 mainly is made up of refrigerant liquid pump 12, reservoir 16,3 switching valve 18a, b, c and switch valve 19a.When the cold warm output of 6 ones in the evaporimeter that is used for absorption cold temperature machine, its refrigerant cyclic process is: 1) when carrying out refrigeration mode, being delivered to air-condition heat exchanger 15 by the cooling medium liquid in the refrigerant liquid pump 12 attraction reservoirs 16 makes its evaporation heat absorption with refrigeration wind, the refrigerant steam of Fa Shenging is recycled to evaporimeter 6 to cryogen liquid heat release condensation regeneration thus, and then the cooling medium liquid foldback that produces returns reservoir 16; 2) when carrying out the warm pattern of system, switching valve 18a, b, c turn to, being delivered to evaporimeter 6 by the cooling medium liquid in the liquid pump 12 attraction reservoirs 16 by reverse stream 17b and switching valve 18b makes it to refrigerant vapour heat absorption evaporation, consequent refrigerant steam is recycled to air-condition heat exchanger 15 heat release condensations making warm wind through oppositely stream 17a and switching valve 18a, and then the cooling medium liquid that produces is through reverse stream 17c loopback reservoir 16.When the cooling system of condenser 5 that is used for absorption cold temperature machine and absorber 4, its refrigerant cyclic process is: by liquid pump 12 attract in the reservoirs 16 cooling medium liquid through reverse stream 17b in parallel with switch valve 19a and switching valve 18b be delivered to condenser 5 and absorber 4 respectively absorption condensation heat with absorb hot the evaporation, consequent refrigerant steam through switching valve 18a come together in reverse stream 17a to the refrigerant condenser 41 of refrigerant condensing unit to the cooling water heat release and condensation regeneration, and then the cooling medium liquid that produces is through reverse stream 17c loopback reservoir 16.Be readily appreciated that, can simplify refrigerant flow and omit switching valve 18a, b, c and switch valve 19a with the position of refrigerant condenser 41 as transposing condenser 5 and absorber 4.
Air-pump type coolant circulating device schematic diagram mainly is made up of air pump 17, reservoir 16 and 3 switching valve 18d, e, f and switch valve 19b as shown in Figure 6.When the cold warm output of 6 ones in the evaporimeter that is used for absorption cold temperature machine, its refrigerant cyclic process is: 1) when carrying out refrigeration mode, being delivered to evaporimeter 6 by the refrigerant steam in the air pump 17 attraction reservoirs 16 makes it regenerate to cryogen heat release condensation, the cooling medium liquid that produces is continued to be delivered to air-condition heat exchanger 15 makes its evaporation heat absorption with refrigeration wind, and then the refrigerant steam foldback that produces returns reservoir 16; 2) when carrying out the warm pattern of system, switching valve 18d, e, f turn to, being delivered to air-condition heat exchanger 15 by the refrigerant steam in the air pump 17 attraction reservoirs 16 by switching valve 18d and reverse stream 17e makes its heat release condensation to make warm wind, the cooling medium liquid that produces is continued to be delivered to evaporimeter 6 by switching valve 18f and reverse stream 17d makes it to refrigerant vapour heat absorption evaporation, and then the refrigerant steam that produces is through switching valve 18e and reverse stream 17f loopback reservoir 16.When the cooling system of condenser 5 that is used for absorption cold temperature machine and absorber 4, its circulation refrigerant process is: attracted to make it to cooling water heat release condensation from the refrigerant steam in the reservoir 16 through the refrigerant condenser 41 that switching valve 18d and reverse stream 17e are delivered to the refrigerant condensing unit by air pump 17, the cooling medium liquid that produces is through switching valve 18f, oppositely stream 17d and switch valve 19b parallel connection are delivered to condenser 5 and absorber 4 and make its absorption condensation heat and absorb heat and evaporate, and then the refrigerant steam that produces compiles through switching valve 18e and reverse stream 17f loopback reservoir 16.Be readily appreciated that, can simplify refrigerant flow and omit switching valve 18d, e, f and switch valve 19b with the position of refrigerant condenser 41 as transposing condenser 5 and absorber 4.
Liquid pump as shown in Figure 7 and air pump dual-purpose formula coolant circulating device schematic diagram, mainly by liquid pump 12 with air pump 17, reservoir 16, form with 3 switching valve 18g, h, i and switch valve 19c.When the cold warm output of 6 ones in the evaporimeter that is used for absorption cold temperature machine, its circulation refrigerant process is: 1) when carrying out refrigeration mode, being delivered to evaporimeter 6 by the refrigerant steam in the air pump 17 attraction reservoirs 16 makes it regenerate to cryogen heat release condensation, and then the cooling medium liquid loopback reservoir 16 that produces, meanwhile be delivered to air-condition heat exchanger 15 and make its evaporation heat absorption with refrigeration wind by the cooling medium liquid in the liquid pump 12 attraction reservoirs 16, and then the refrigerant steam loopback reservoir 16 that produces; 2) when carrying out the warm pattern of system, being delivered to air-condition heat exchanger 15 by the refrigerant steam in the air pump 17 attraction reservoirs 16 by switching valve 18h and reverse stream 17h makes its heat release condensation to heat wind, and then the cooling medium liquid loopback reservoir 16 that produces, meanwhile be delivered to evaporimeter 6 by switching valve 18i, reverse stream 17g and switching valve 18g and make it to refrigerant vapour heat absorption evaporation by the cooling medium liquid in the liquid pump 12 attraction reservoirs 16, and then the refrigerant steam loopback reservoir 16 that produces.When the cooling system of the condenser 5 that is used for absorption cold temperature machine and absorber 4, its circulation refrigerant process is: attract cooling medium liquid in the reservoirs 16 through switching valve 18i by liquid pump 12, oppositely stream 17g and switch valve 19c are in parallel with switching valve 18g is delivered to condenser 5 and absorber 4 makes its absorption condensation heat evaporate with absorbing hot, and then the refrigerant steam that produces compiles and sends reservoir 16 back to, meanwhile attract the refrigerant steam in the reservoirs 16 to make it to cooling water heat release condensation, and then the cooling medium liquid foldback that produces return reservoir 16 through the refrigerant condenser 41 that switching valve 18h and reverse stream 17h are delivered to the refrigerant condensing unit by air pump 17.Be readily appreciated that, can simplify refrigerant flow and omit switching valve 18g, h, i and switch valve 19c with the position of refrigerant condenser 41 as transposing condenser 5 and absorber 4.
Shown in Figure 8 is refrigerant condensing unit schematic diagram, and mainly by refrigerant condenser 41, cool water shower device 44, blower fan 42, cooling water pump 46, storage tank 43, water replanishing device 45 is formed with housing 47, and housing 47 downsides are provided with air flue.Its operation process sprays through spray equipment 44 and forms falling liquid film in refrigerant condenser 41 outsides for drawn cooling water in the storage tanks 43 by cooling water pump 46, enters the falling liquid film cooling water heat release condensation outside it of side direction in the refrigerant condenser 41 from the refrigerant steam of condenser 5 and absorber 4; By blower fan 42 air-supply by between the heat-transfer pipe of refrigerant condenser 41 so that the refrigerant steam of refrigerant condenser 41 inboards carries out little different transfer of heat with heat release and environment with its outside falling liquid film cooling water under its wet-bulb temperature, and the cooling water of evaporation loss is additional by water replanishing device 45.
Fig. 9 a, b are respectively the illustration intention and its heat-transfer pipe arrangement mode schematic diagram that is applicable to the refrigerant condenser of refrigerant condensing unit of the present invention.As shown in the figure, refrigerant condenser 41 is mainly by establishing the heat-transfer pipe 41a that little wing is strengthened, the inlet tube 41b of refrigerant steam distribution stream function in each parallel transistor of plural heat-transfer pipe in the ingress pipe compiles the outlet 41c that derives each heat-transfer pipe outlet fluid function in parallel and constitutes with having.About contiguous heat-transfer pipe be staggered and form the tortuous stream of air side to strengthen its turbulent extent, have in the pipe refrigerant steam thus and manage between the outer cooling water little temperature difference heat exchange function and have higher overall heat-transfer coefficient.When illustrated refrigerant condenser 41 is used for refrigerant condensing unit of the present invention, entered each heat-transfer pipe 41a and the falling liquid film cooling water heat exchange condensation of spray in its outside of refrigerant condenser 41 by inlet 41b from the refrigerant steam of the condenser 5 of absorption cold temperature machine and absorber 4, its condensate liquid compiles discharge by outlet 41c.Illustrated refrigerant condenser also can adopt tube fluid initial stage distributor and the inferior distributor of tube fluid equally or take over the structure that is connected heat-transfer pipe with the falling liquid film heat exchanger of Figure 10 and the cryogen condenser of Figure 17.
Falling liquid film heat exchanger schematic diagram shown in Figure 10, mainly by be connected with between the contiguous main heat-transfer pipe the board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 (seeing Figure 11) of thin plate, the tube fluid initial stage distributor 22 of tape entry pipe 22a (see Figure 12 a), the inferior distributor 23 of tube fluid (seeing Figure 12 b, 13) formed with the inferior distributor 27 of extratubal fluid (seeing Figure 15) with falling liquid film heat exchanger main body 28, extratubal fluid initial stage distributor 21 (seeing Figure 14) that outlet 26 is constituted, extratubal fluid Asia distributor 27 is arranged on the upper limb (seeing Figure 16) of board-like heat-transfer pipe 24.
When being used for the evaporimeter 6 of making the absorption cold temperature machine of refrigerating medium and catalyst carrier with refrigerant of the present invention, falling liquid film heat exchanger shown in Figure 10 (sees Fig. 1,2,4,5), when carrying out refrigeration mode, cryogen liquid be allocated in by extratubal fluid initial stage distributor 22 board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 tops the inferior distributor 27 of extratubal fluid ware portion and form falling liquid film (seeing Figure 16) by the outside that guide plate at the bottom of the ware intersperses among board-like heat-transfer pipe 24, from the cryogen liquid of the board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 in top through the inferior distributor 25 of extratubal fluid be distributed in the board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 in its place the outside form the cryogen falling liquid film, simultaneously the refrigerant steam that imports board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 each stream in parallel through tube fluid initial stage distributor 22 is to 28 outside falling liquid film cryogen liquid heat release condensations of falling liquid film heat exchanger main body, and its condensate liquid is derived by tube fluid outlet 26; When carrying out the warm pattern of system, high temperature refrigerant vapour from generator 1 imports evaporimeter 6 to its outside heating, evaporate to 28 outside refrigerant vapours heat absorptions of falling liquid film heat exchanger main body through the cooling medium liquid of tube fluid initial stage distributor 22 importings board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 each stream in parallel simultaneously, its steam is derived by outlet 26.
When falling liquid film heat exchanger shown in Figure 10 is used for of the present invention is the absorber 6 of the absorption cold temperature machine of cooling medium with the refrigerant, when carrying out refrigeration mode, absorption liquid is distributed in falling liquid film heat exchanger main body 28 outsides by extratubal fluid initial stage distributor 21 and forms falling liquid film, evaporate to 28 outside falling film absorption liquid heat absorptions of falling liquid film heat exchanger main body through the cooling medium liquid of tube fluid initial stage distributor 22 importings board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 each stream in parallel simultaneously, its steam is derived by outlet 26.
What be used for absorption refrigerating machine or cold temperature machine when falling liquid film heat exchanger shown in Figure 10 is the generator of thermal source with refrigerant vapour or steam, absorption liquid is distributed in falling liquid film heat exchanger main body 28 outsides by extratubal fluid initial stage distributor 21 and forms falling liquid film, simultaneously import the high temperature refrigerant vapour of board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 each stream in parallel or thermal source steam to 28 outside falling film absorption liquid heat release condensations of falling liquid film heat exchanger main body through tube fluid initial stage distributor 22, its condensate liquid is derived by tube fluid outlet 26.
When falling liquid film heat exchanger shown in Figure 10 is used for cooling water or warm water is the Absorption Refrigerator of cooling medium or the absorber 6 of absorption cold temperature machine, when carrying out refrigeration mode, absorption liquid is distributed in falling liquid film heat exchanger main body 28 outsides by extratubal fluid initial stage distributor 21 and forms falling liquid film, cooling water or warm water through tube fluid initial stage distributor 22 importings board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 each stream in parallel heats up to 28 outside falling liquid film cryogen liquid heat absorptions of falling liquid film heat exchanger main body simultaneously, and is derived by outlet 26.
Figure 11 is the board-like heat-transfer pipe schematic diagram of circular stream.Shown in Figure 11 a, b, board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 mainly is to be connected and composed by thin shape heat transfer board 24c between contiguous main heat-transfer pipe 24a or the 24a, wing augmentation of heat transfer in the inboard 24a of main heat-transfer pipe can establish.
Figure 12-a, b are respectively the schematic diagrames of the example one of distributor of used tube fluid initial stage of falling liquid film heat exchanger of the present invention and the inferior distributor of tube fluid.Shown in Figure 12-a, tube fluid initial stage distributor 22 can be made up of enter the mouth 22a and tube fluid distributing pipe 22b of tube fluid.Be provided with discharge coupling at the sidepiece of tube fluid distributing pipe 22b and be used for the main heat-transfer pipe 24a of board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 and being connected of tube fluid distributing pipe 22b, play importing and distribute function with its downstream side heat-transfer pipe from the refrigerant of upstream side heat-transfer pipe.The inferior distributor 23 of tube fluid shown in Figure 12-b is to be made of with discharge coupling the import interface that tube fluid distributing pipe 22b side is provided with the refrigerant fluid, plays the function of compiling from outlet fluid distribution each stream of board-like heat-transfer pipe in parallel with downstream side of upstream side board-like heat-transfer pipe in parallel.
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the example two of the inferior distributor of the used tube fluid of falling liquid film heat exchanger of the present invention.The inferior distributor 23 of illustrated tube fluid is that entrance sleeve 25a and discharge connection 25b form by the inferior distributor body 25 of tube fluid.But entrance sleeve 25a and discharge connection 25 odd numbers or plural number.The inferior distributor 21 of tube fluid plays and compiles the function that the in parallel board-like heat-transfer pipe outlet of upstream side fluid distributes board-like each stream of heat-transfer pipe in parallel with downstream side.
Shown in Figure 14-a, extratubal fluid initial stage distributor 21 is made up of extratubal fluid inlet 21a and extratubal fluid distributing pipe 21b, and the tube fluid 21a that enters the mouth plays a part in the fluid ingress pipe and distribution and each extratubal fluid distributing pipe 21b.Shown in Figure 14-b, the bottom of extratubal fluid distributing pipe 21b is provided with the extratubal fluid distribution openings, play a part with the fluid uniform distribution in the extratubal fluid initial stage distributor scatter with its below board-like heat-transfer pipe upper limb setting be subjected to (see Figure 16) in the liquid ware.Extratubal fluid initial stage distributor shown in Figure 14-a is applicable to evaporimeter, the absorber of absorption cold temperature machine of the present invention and uses the used spray equipment of generator of heat source fluid.
Figure 15-a is the stereogram of the inferior distributor of the used extratubal fluid of falling liquid film heat exchanger of the present invention, and b is itself and structural representation.The inferior distributor 27 of illustrated extratubal fluid has the structure that the V font is subjected to liquid ware 27a and draining plate 27b.Its V font is subjected to the two ends of liquid ware 27a to be provided with the weir, play a part acceptance from the extratubal fluid initial stage distributor 21 of top or the fluid of board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 bottoms, and draining plate 27b plays a part distributed and board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 outsides, its place (seeing Figure 16) by the fluid in the liquid ware 27a V font.
Figure 16-a is that the inferior distributor of extratubal fluid is arranged at the schematic diagram that cooperates with board-like heat-transfer pipe below the extratubal fluid distributing pipe of extratubal fluid initial stage distributor; B is arranged at the cooperation schematic diagram of the board-like heat-transfer pipe upper limb of its downside for it below the board-like heat-transfer pipe of upside; Shown in Figure 16-a, b, the inferior distributor 27 of extratubal fluid is located at the upper limb of board-like heat-transfer pipe 24, plays a part acceptance from the extratubal fluid distributing pipe 21b fluid of top extratubal fluid initial stage distributor or accept to be allocated in board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 outsides, its place from the fluid of board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 lower edges of upside.
Figure 17 is a condenser schematic diagram of the present invention.As shown in the figure, condenser of the present invention 35 is main by board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 shown in Figure 11, tube fluid initial stage distributor 22, adapter 31 is formed with outlet 26, when only being used for the refrigerant vapour condensation, can be in its board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 bottoms installing falling film separator 32 (seeing Figure 18-a, b), but the board-like heat-transfer pipe of part ranks be used for from, do not install falling film separator 32 during the cryogen condensate liquid cooling of cryogenerator but at the inferior distributor of extratubal fluid shown in its board-like heat-transfer pipe upper limb installing Figure 12-a.
When the condenser of Figure 17 is used for the condenser 5 of absorption cold temperature machine of the present invention, when carrying out refrigeration mode, the refrigerant vapour in the condenser 5 is to condenser 5 heat release condensations, thereby makes the refrigerants heat absorption evaporation in the condenser 5.The cryogen liquid film that forms in board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 outsides of condenser 5 separate by falling film separator 32 remove with avoid its intersperse among below board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 outsides.When the condenser of Figure 17 was used for the Absorption Refrigerator of cooling water or warm water cooling or cold temperature machine, the refrigerant vapour in the condenser outside was by its inboard cooling water or warm water cooling condensation.
Figure 18-a is the used falling film separator stereogram of condenser of the present invention, and b is its schematic diagram that cooperates with board-like heat-transfer pipe.Shown in Figure 18-a, falling liquid film separator 32 is that the inversion of the inferior distributor 27 of the extratubal fluid shown in Figure 15-a is used basically, but need not to establish extratubal fluid stream and diversion division.And for example shown in Figure 18-b, falling liquid film separator 32 is flush-mounted in the lower edge of board-like heat-transfer pipe 24, and the cryogen falling liquid film that plays a part the formation of separation board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 outsides, place intersperses among board-like heat-transfer pipe 24 outer side surfaces in below so as to improving the outer cryogen side local heat transfer coefficient of pipe to avoid it.
Figure 19 is the cold temperature machine of the serially connected three-effect absorption-type schematic diagram that adopts falling film evaporator at evaporimeter, absorber, condenser and high, medium and low temperature generator of the present invention.Illustrated absorption cold temperature machine 50e is made up of high-temperature generator 1, middle temperature generator 2, cryogenerator 3, pyrosol heat exchanger 1a, middle temperature solution heat exchanger 2a, cryogenic fluid heat exchanger 3a, absorber 4, condenser 5, evaporimeter 6, cryogenic fluid pump 7, solution pump 8a, b, c.Thereby be characterized in owing to adopt refrigerant to make refrigerating medium, catalyst carrier and cooling medium can absorber 4, condenser 5, evaporimeter 6, and in warm generator 2 and cryogenerator 3 all employing falling liquid film heat exchangers except that high-temperature generator, realized little temperature difference heat exchange (owing to absorption liquid in the regenerative process concentrates, can cause corresponding solution temperature rise) fully at middle temperature generator 2, cryogenerator 3.Owing to must remove its part sensible heat through condenser 5 coolings from the middle temperature generator 2 and the cryogen lime set of cryogenerator 3, can only install the inferior distributor 27 of extratubal fluid (seeing Figure 15,16) and cryogen liquid spray equipment is set above it in the case, even the part of condenser forms the falling liquid film heat exchanger for the refrigerant heat exchange use inboard with it of its outside cryogen falling liquid film at the board-like heat transfer plate upper limb of its part columns.
The refrigeration of the cold temperature machine of the serially connected three-effect absorption-type 50e of Figure 19 is as follows with the warm process of system: when carrying out refrigeration mode, after cryogenic heat exchanger 3a and concentrated solution heat exchange, deliver to cryogenerator 3 regeneration by absorbing liquid pump 8a self-absorption device 4 absorption weak solutions, the cryogen liquid of its thermal source for converging with it from the refrigerant vapor of middle temperature generator 2, condensate liquid after the heat exchange is delivered to condenser 5 by the refrigerant cooling of making the cooling medium under pressure, the refrigerant vapour of generation enters condenser 5 also cools off medium with work refrigerant heat exchange condensation; By absorb liquid pump 8b warm generator 2 regeneration in intermediate solution of cryogenerator 3 absorptions is delivered to after mid temperature heat exchanger 2a and concentrated solution heat exchange, its thermal source is the refrigerant vapor from high-temperature generator 1, and its condensate liquid confluxes under pressure in the generation vapor flow path of middle temperature generator 2; After high-temperature heat-exchanging 1a and concentrated solution heat exchange, deliver to high-temperature generator 1 from middle temperature generator 2 absorption secondary intermediate solution by absorbing liquid pump 8c by the external heat source thermal regeneration; Cryogen liquid in the condenser 5 enters evaporimeter 6 and the refrigerant heat exchange sweat cooling of making refrigerating medium through U-shaped pipe 6b.When carrying out the warm pattern of system, stop condenser 5 and absorber 4 are carried the refrigerant of making the cooling medium, by absorption liquid pump 8a, b, c absorption liquid is circulated between absorber and high-temperature generator, and at high-temperature generator 1 by external heat source heating absorption liquid to produce refrigerant vapour, warm generator 23 enters evaporimeter 6 and the refrigerant heat exchange condensation of making catalyst carrier with refrigerant vapour bypass 9 in its refrigerant vapour warp, and its condensate liquid is through cryogen bypass 6a loopback absorber 4.
Heavyly invade in the formula for adopting, the three-effect absorption-type refrigeration machine of contacting of cryogenerator, the highest solution pressure of its high-temperature generator is in 1.98bar (Jian Let Let Prepare と pipe arrangement fortification, 3.p45,2006).Because solution pressure is very sensitive to its temperature herein, absorption cold temperature machine 50e for Figure 19, middle temperature generator 2, cryogenerator 3 adopt the falling liquid film heat exchangers can make in, low temperature two absorption liquid and the accumulative total heat transfer temperature difference between the refrigerant vapour of imitating generators reduce about 10 ℃ or higher, the highest solution temperature of high-temperature generator is effectively reduced and its highest solution pressure is reduced to below the 1.98Bar.
Figure 20 is an air-condition heat exchanger schematic diagram of the present invention.As shown in the figure, air-condition heat exchanger 15 of the present invention is mainly by having the plural number dull and stereotyped heat-transfer pipe 15c of stream (ripple augmentation of heat transfer in can establishing) side by side, hold under the arm and be located at the collapsible main fin 15d that forms air flow circuit between the contiguous board-like heat-transfer pipe 15c, inlet tube (or the tube fluid distributor) 15a of stream function in each pipe of ingress pipe inner fluid and distribution and plural board-like heat-transfer pipe 15c compiles the outlet 15b that derives plural board-like each flowing path outlet fluid function of heat-transfer pipe 15c and constitutes with having.
Figure 21 is the structure of the used board-like heat-transfer pipe of air-condition heat exchanger of the present invention and cooperates schematic diagram with fin.Illustrated board-like heat-transfer pipe 15c is different with the board-like heat-transfer pipe of Figure 11, and main heat-transfer pipe is intensive be arranged in parallel for it, does not have thin shape heat transfer board therebetween.Between the plate face of the board-like heat-transfer pipe 15 that be arranged in parallel, to hold under the arm and establish collapsible main fin 15d, the folding part of main fin 15d is provided with narrow air flow circuit, and can establish inferior fin 15e on the main fin 15d.The foldable structure of main fin 15d and inferior fin 15e is set has increased the air side heat transfer area greatly, and play a part to strengthen air side turbulent extent augmentation of heat transfer.
Claims (9)
1, energy-conservation, compact absorption type refrigerating machine, mainly by odd number or plural generator, absorber, condenser, evaporimeter, corresponding solution heat exchanger, solution pump, cryogenic fluid pump is formed, be communicated with by steam by-pass between the generator that has an external heat source and the evaporimeter, be communicated with by the cryogen bypass between absorber and the evaporimeter, it is characterized in that: with refrigerant double as refrigerating medium and catalyst carrier, double as is set between evaporimeter and the air-condition heat exchanger to be carried cold, the heat-carrying coolant circulating device, be applicable to single-action and multiple-effect kind of refrigeration cycle, can about 10 ℃ or above temperature refrigeration and reclaiming simultaneously absorb heat about 50 ℃ or above temperature system temperature.
2, energy-conservation, compact absorption type refrigerating machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: make the cooling medium of condenser with refrigerant, by coolant circulating device condenser is communicated with the refrigerant condensing unit, between constitutes refrigerant circulation circuit.
3, energy-conservation, compact absorption type refrigerating machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cooling medium of making condenser and absorber with refrigerant, be communicated with the refrigerant condensing unit by the condenser and the absorber of coolant circulating device, constitute the refrigerant circulation circuit between condenser and absorber and the refrigerant condensing unit serial or parallel connection.
4, according to arbitrary described energy-conservation, the compact absorption type refrigerating machine of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: coolant circulating device is liquid pump formula or air-pump type or liquid pump and air pump combined type, mainly by the refrigerant liquid pump of odd number or plural number or air pump or air pump with liquid pump, reservoir (or vapour liquid separator), reach corresponding switching valve and form.
5, according to claim 2 or 3 described energy-conservation, compact absorption type refrigerating machines, it is characterized in that: the constituting of refrigerant condensing unit, the refrigerant condenser bottom that is provided with the refrigerant import and export is provided with storage tank, water replanishing device is set in the storage tank, the coolant outlet pipeline of storage tank bottom is communicated with spray equipment through cooling water pump, cool water shower is in the refrigerant condenser, form the falling liquid film cooling water in its heat-transfer pipe outside, housing between refrigerant condenser and the storage tank is established air flow circuit, and case top air side stream is provided with blower fan.
6, according to arbitrary described energy-conservation, the compact absorption type refrigerating machine of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: its refrigerating medium and catalyst carrier and cooling medium adopt natural refrigerant or synthetic refrigerants such as CFC, HCFC, HFC HFE class such as ammonia, hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide class.
7, arbitrary described energy-conservation according to claim 1～3, compact absorption type refrigerating machine, it is characterized in that: evaporimeter adopts the falling liquid film heat exchanger that is made of the board-like heat-transfer pipe that is connected with thin plate between the contiguous main heat-transfer pipe, the tube fluid initial stage distributor of the inlet connecting band tube fluid inlet tube of upstream side board-like heat-transfer pipe in parallel, last downstream side board-like heat-transfer pipe in parallel is communicated with by the inferior distributor of tube fluid, the outlet of downstream side board-like heat-transfer pipe in parallel connects outlet, and on the top of falling liquid film heat exchanger extratubal fluid initial stage distributor is set, the inferior distributor of board-like heat-transfer pipe upper limb installing extratubal fluid.
8, according to arbitrary described energy-conservation, the compact absorption type refrigerating machine of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: condenser adopts by the board-like heat-transfer pipe that is connected with thin plate between the contiguous main heat-transfer pipe, the inlet of upstream side board-like heat-transfer pipe in parallel connects the tube fluid initial stage distributor that has the tube fluid inlet tube, last downstream side board-like heat-transfer pipe in parallel is communicated with by the inferior distributor of tube fluid, the outlet connecting pipe inner fluid outlet of downstream side board-like heat-transfer pipe in parallel, board-like heat-transfer pipe lower edge installing falling film separator.
9, according to arbitrary described energy-conservation, the compact absorption type refrigerating machine of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: attached air-condition heat exchanger adopts the dull and stereotyped heat-transfer pipe with plural number stream arranged side by side to be parallel between the refrigerant turnover pipe, adds the folded fin heat sink that forms air flow circuit between the dull and stereotyped heat-transfer pipe.
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| CNA2008102291646A CN101464067A (en) | 2008-11-26 | 2008-11-26 | Energy-saving and compact absorption type refrigerating machine |
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| CNA2008102291646A CN101464067A (en) | 2008-11-26 | 2008-11-26 | Energy-saving and compact absorption type refrigerating machine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104454055A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-03-25 | 烟台荏原空调设备有限公司 | Dual-working-medium circulation power generation system with cooling function |
| CN105180501A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Lithium bromide absorption type heat exchange unit with externally-cooled solution |
| CN107860149A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-03-30 | 北京拓首能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of second-kind absorption-type heat pump of solar energy auxiliary heating |
| CN107869857A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-03 | 北京拓首能源科技股份有限公司 | One kind is based on the second kind absorption type mixing heat pump |
| CN107869860A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-03 | 北京拓首能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of first-class absorption type heat pump of solar energy auxiliary heating |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104454055A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-03-25 | 烟台荏原空调设备有限公司 | Dual-working-medium circulation power generation system with cooling function |
| CN105180501A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Lithium bromide absorption type heat exchange unit with externally-cooled solution |
| CN105180501B (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2019-03-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of suction-type lithium bromide heat-exchange unit that solution outside is cooling |
| CN107860149A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-03-30 | 北京拓首能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of second-kind absorption-type heat pump of solar energy auxiliary heating |
| CN107869857A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-03 | 北京拓首能源科技股份有限公司 | One kind is based on the second kind absorption type mixing heat pump |
| CN107869860A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-03 | 北京拓首能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of first-class absorption type heat pump of solar energy auxiliary heating |
| CN107883604A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-06 | 北京拓首能源科技股份有限公司 | One kind is based on the first kind absorption type heat of mixing pump |
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