CN101457739A - 传感器化的叶片接头 - Google Patents

传感器化的叶片接头 Download PDF

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CN101457739A
CN101457739A CNA2008102156184A CN200810215618A CN101457739A CN 101457739 A CN101457739 A CN 101457739A CN A2008102156184 A CNA2008102156184 A CN A2008102156184A CN 200810215618 A CN200810215618 A CN 200810215618A CN 101457739 A CN101457739 A CN 101457739A
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blade
sensor
control system
load
sensorised
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CN101457739B (zh
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B·H·彼泽森
I·阿罗塞纳德拉鲁阿
R·罗德里格斯索拉
E·桑斯帕斯夸尔
H·R·萨维
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Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation and Technology SL
Gamesa Eolica SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B31/00—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
    • F16B31/02—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load
    • F16B31/028—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load with a load-indicating washer or washer assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/302—Segmented or sectional blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/80—Diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/20—Purpose of the control system to optimise the performance of a machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/331—Mechanical loads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05B2270/808—Strain gauges; Load cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及传感器化的叶片接头，其中风力涡轮机叶片横向细分为两个或更多个区段，优选为负荷传感器和超声传感器的多个传感器组装在所述叶片区段之间的机械连接元件中，其特征在于通过这些传感器的测量可以在叶片的整个寿命期间减小负荷并控制受力。还可以检测损坏(如果必要的话停止机器)并针对实际负荷优化设计。

Description

传感器化的叶片接头
技术领域
本发明由叶片连接点中的传感器组成，该传感器用于持久监视这些连接点。这些传感器的测量用于补充控制系统：①在叶片的整个寿命期间减小负荷并控制受力，②检测损坏并且如果需要的话停止机器，③获得针对实际负荷的优化设计。
该系统可适用于具有加固部件的任何机械连接系统，并且特别适用于由几个区段组成的风力涡轮机叶片。
背景技术
在本申请人持有的专利P200500740中提出的传感器化的叶片是横向细分的叶片。
另一方面，在文献WO2005/010358中提出位于风力发电部件中的传感器的使用，其包括主轴具有传感器的风力涡轮机，对主轴的控制减小了负荷的影响。应用传感器是为了获知主轴中由转子引起的受力，从而调节桨距或风力涡轮机叶片的可变角度。
文献WO01/33075描述了传感器化的叶片，其控制叶片的桨距或转动，将机械负荷保持在特定的工作极限之下。
本发明的申请人持有的专利P200700444包括传感器化的变速箱，该变速箱具有组装在一组固定部件中的多个传感器，用于测量转动轴中的负荷以及由风力涡轮机的操作导致的轴向和径向受力。
上述专利都没有使内部的有抗力的并在其端部安装有连接装置的纵向结构的接头传感器化。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在横向细分的叶片中提供传感器以测量通过叶片的横向接头传送的受力。
本发明的目的还在于检测连接元件中的损坏，该损坏导致机器停止(如果需要的话)。
本发明的另一目的是获得叶片所经受的负荷的精确测量用于控制系统，并针对不同的操作模式对桨距和转动控制进行管理以减小风力涡轮机中的负荷。
本发明的另一目的是通过试验确定连接元件所支持的负荷范围；通过试验验证设计方案并且允许优化连接元件的数量或设计。
本发明的另一目的是确定传感器的数量及其所处的位置以获得连接销的轴向受力，始终迅速并同时管理这些数据。
最后，本发明的目的在于关于超声传感器和负荷传感器选择最合适的传感器类型。
从以上所述信息可以看到，本发明提出的传感器提供以下优点：
—减少负荷并减轻重量。
—优化并减小能量成本。
—避免预防性的维护。
—减少大的故障。
—了解叶片接头中的实际负荷。
—基于实际负荷调整设计方案。
—针对实际负荷优化设计。
—减小叶片及其接头发生故障的可能性。
附图说明
图1是叶片区段的端部视图，示出了连接装置。
图2是利用连接销连接的叶片的视图。
图3示出金属接头插件、其与叶片层压板中复合材料的组装以及金属插件之间利用连接销组装的某些细节。
图4是分成两部分的叶片的全视图，横向部分安装有受控传送系统。
图5示出连接销中的超声传感器的细节。
图6示出连接销中的负荷传感器的细节。
图7示出两个相对插件的前端面之间的负荷传感器的细节。
具体实施方式
在图1中，可以看到部分横向细分的叶片(1)，示出了其内部纵向结构(2)并且在其端部安装有连接装置(3)。这些连接装置(3)集成到对应于梁(4)的结构上有抗力的部分中。当两个端部接合时，它们提供叶片(1)的连续性，只留下连接装置(3)没有外壳覆盖物(5)。这些间隔稍后用使叶片(1)的外表面平整的整流罩(5b)覆盖。
图3示出准备该连接装置的连续步骤。首先准备在其一端有与另一插件面对的轴向钻孔(7)的金属插件(6)。然后通过粘合剂将金属插件(6)与梁或有抗力内部纵向结构(8)中的机械加工的套按所示接合。最后，将两个金属插件(6)的轴向钻孔(7)相对以接收构成连接点的螺栓和螺帽(9)。上述连接销通过牵引而工作。
通过叶片(1)的横向细分结构(12)传送叶片尖部组件(10)中的全部诱发负荷。该细分结构由少数几个连接元件(3)构成，从而该负荷只通过连接销(9)竖向通过。这样可以获得通过该细分结构的确切的总负荷，并且可以得到由叶片传送到风力涡轮机的负荷的极好的估计器。如图4中所示，利用不同的传感器监视对应于横向细分结构(12)的连接点，可以使用梁(8)的内部将这些传感器的测量传送到叶片(11)的根部。最后，这些测量到达轮毂(图中未示出)中的控制点(12)。
在图5中使用超声传感器(14)；该传感器发送在连接销(9)的端部反弹的推动力。该传感器测量该推动力的发送和接受之间经过的时间并将其转换为对连接销的预负荷测量传送到控制系统(12)。超声传感器(14)位于连接销(9)的末端，使得其信号可以没有任何困难地纵向移动。
在图6中使用负荷传感器(15)；其由金属垫片构成，测量该金属垫片的应变。然后将该负荷测量转换为连接销所受到的负荷，并将该结果传送到控制系统(12)。将传感器(15)定位在损坏的情况下容易更换的位置处。
在图7中所示的第二种安装中，负荷传感器(15)位于要组装在一起的两个插件之间。

Claims (5)

1.传感器化的叶片接头，其使用一系列传感器在叶片的寿命期间控制连接销的负荷，其特征在于：
a.所述传感器可位于横向接头部分中的多个连接装置的至少一个之中；
b.由所述传感器测得的信号被传送到控制系统，该控制系统可以位于所述叶片中，也可以不位于所述叶片中，该控制系统控制在所述接头上施加的力；
c.传送到所述控制系统的信号用于检测所述连接装置中的可能损坏；
d.传送到所述控制系统的信号用于控制传送到风力涡轮机的负荷；
e.传送到所述控制系统的信号用于存储负荷范围，根据所获得的实际负荷优化设计。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传感器化的叶片接头，其特征在于，所述传感器包括至少一个超声传感器，该超声传感器可位于连接销的端部，与形成插件的有抗力的材料对准。
3.根据权利要求1所述的传感器化的叶片接头，其特征在于，所述传感器包括至少一个负荷传感器，该负荷传感器部分位于所述连接销附近或者位于所述两个相对插件的壁之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的传感器化的叶片接头，其特征在于，所述控制系统位于轮毂中，远离由叶片转动加速度产生的变形。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的传感器化的叶片接头，其特征在于，通过形成所述叶片的梁的内部引导所述传感器的信号将所述传感器的测量提供给所述控制系统。
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ES200702442A ES2337645B1 (es) 2007-09-14 2007-09-14 Union de pala sensorizada.

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CN102269117A (zh) * 2011-07-05 2011-12-07 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 风电机组桨叶及风电机组
CN105422389A (zh) * 2014-09-16 2016-03-23 约翰内斯﹒海德汉博士有限公司 用于检测转子叶片变形的装置和用于安装该装置的方法
CN109416295A (zh) * 2016-07-11 2019-03-01 乌本产权有限公司 转子叶片的扭转角测量

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