CN101452276B - On-line monitoring method for running state of gear box of cold rolling and pickling drawing-correcting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an on-line monitoring method for an operating state of a gear box of a cold-rolling and pickling straightener. A vibrating numerical value d is acquired and read through a vibrating sensor arranged on each bearing seat of the gear box; according to the mounting property of a gear box system, namely rotational speed frequency X, outer ring frequency fBo of a rolling bearing of the gear box and gear meshing frequency GMF of a gear of a transmission system, the frequency band range of monitoring the operating state of the gear box is set; after a real-time vibrating signal of each bearing seat is acquired for a plurality of times, an average value Ave (d) and a variance value sigma (d) of vibration energy of the frequency band are obtained according to a mathematical statistics principle based on the read numerical value d of the vibrating sensor; simultaneously, the amplitude value of Alarm(d) of real-time vibration of the selected frequency band is calculated; according to a formula, a primary vibration alarm value and a secondary vibration alarm value are calculated; and the vibrating numerical value d is compared with the alarm value so as to dynamically monitor the operating state of the gear box, thereby avoiding equipment shutdown caused by the damage of the straightener parts and supporting normal production of an acid rolling production line.

Description

The on-line monitoring method of running state of gear box of cold rolling and pickling drawing-correcting machine

Technical field

The present invention relates to the monitoring method of gear case on-line operation state, relate in particular to a kind of on-line monitoring method of running state of gear box of cold rolling and pickling drawing-correcting machine

Background technology

At metallurgy industry, pickling unit and tandem mills are linked to be a unit reach continuous production.After pickling, the milling train associating, not only kept the advantage of full continuous-rolling, and development to some extent; Acid-roll the advantage of associating unit: cost of investment is low, reduce operation, save manpower, shorten the production time, production cost is low, reduce metal loss, the raising recovery rate, improve the quality of products etc.Owing to adopt acid to roll the associating unit, make the pickling ability improve 10%, cold rolling ability improves 40%.Up to the present, the whole world has been built up more than 20 acid and has been rolled the associating unit, and its growth momentum is quite swift and violent.

In cold rolling critical process, pickling is to be de-scaling in order to remove cold rolling harmful lip-deep iron scale of raw material coil of strip, improves the effect of plate shape in addition in addition.The quality of straightening machine duty will directly have influence on the production of sliver.The critical component of straightening machine operation is a gear case, because straightening machine gear box structure complexity adopts the off-line method for testing vibration to implement accurate diagnosis usually, the technician who the analyzing and diagnosing of unit exception is needed special experience just can finish.Therefore, be necessary the gear case of straightening machine is carried out on-line monitoring, grasp the running status of straightening machine in real time.

Summary of the invention

Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of on-line monitoring method of running state of gear box of cold rolling and pickling drawing-correcting machine, can in time report to the police when straightening machine running state of gear box is unusual.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the on-line monitoring method of running state of gear box of cold rolling and pickling drawing-correcting machine of the present invention is provided with some vibration transducers on each bearing seat of gear case, and described method comprises the steps:

When step 1, the operation of described gear case, gather the real-time vibration signal of each bearing seat of gear case, read the vibrating numerical d that is located at vibration transducer on the gearbox shaft bearing;

Step 2, be that the running status of rolling bearing in speed-frequency X, the gear case is that housing washer frequency f Bo and kinematic train gear meshing state are gear mesh frequency GMF, the frequency band range of described running state of gear box monitoring is set according to the mounting characteristics of described gearbox system;

Step 3, after gathering the real-time vibration signal of several times each bearing seat of gear case, according to the vibration transducer numerical value d that reads, calculate the mean value Ave (d) and the variance yields σ (d) of frequency band vibrational energy by statistical principle;

The running state of gear box monitoring frequency band range that step 4, basis set and the mean value and the variance yields of frequency band vibrational energy, set the demand value Alarm (d) that vibrating numerical d vibrates in selected frequency band in real time, it comprises one-level alarming value Alarm1 (d) and secondary alarming value Alarm2 (d);

Step 5, by formula Alarm1 (d)=1.5 * (Ave (d)+2 * σ (d)) draws vibration one-level alarming value, and by formula Alarm2 (d)=2.5 * (Ave (d)+2 * σ (d)) draws the secondary alarming value;

Step 6, vibrating numerical d and alarming value Alarm1 (d) and Alarm2 (d) are compared, as d during less than Alarm1 (d), the gear case operation is normal, when Alarm1 (d)＜d＜Alarm2 (d), need arouse attention to the gear case operation, when d＞Alarm2 (d), the gear case operation exception, then monitoring system is reported to the police and the state of doing shows.

Correctly meaningful for the raw data that makes said method, above-mentioned vibration transducer has several, and they are installed in respectively on each bearing of gear train assembly and radially setting, and at least one transmission shaft and with axial setting.

Because the on-line monitoring method of running state of gear box of cold rolling and pickling drawing-correcting machine of the present invention has adopted technique scheme; promptly pass through the vibration signal of on-line monitoring straightening machine gear case; the method that adopts frequency band to report to the police is forecast the running status of straightening machine gear case; can avoid the equipment non-programmed halt that causes because of straightening machine damage of components, support the ordinary production that production line is rolled in acid effectively.

Description of drawings

The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments:

Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the on-line monitoring method of running state of gear box of cold rolling and pickling drawing-correcting machine of the present invention,

Fig. 2 is the epicyclic train synoptic diagram,

Fig. 3 is the ordinary gear train synoptic diagram.

Embodiment

As shown in Figure 1, the on-line monitoring method of this running state of gear box of cold rolling and pickling drawing-correcting machine at first is provided with some vibration transducers on each bearing seat of gear case, and described method comprises the steps:

When step 1, the operation of described gear case, gather the real-time vibration signal of each bearing seat of gear case, read the vibrating numerical d that is located at vibration transducer on the gearbox shaft bearing; Because straightening machine gear box structure complexity for guaranteeing the validity of vibration monitoring, is determined the principle that the vibration transducer measuring point is arranged, promptly vibration transducer radially is provided with one on each bearing of gear train assembly, axially is provided with one on the axle.

Step 2, be that the running status of rolling bearing in speed-frequency X, the gear case is that housing washer frequency f Bo and kinematic train gear meshing state are gear mesh frequency GMF, the frequency band range of described running state of gear box monitoring is set according to the mounting characteristics of described gearbox system;

Step 3, after gathering the real-time vibration signal of several times each bearing seat of gear case, according to the vibration transducer numerical value d that reads, calculate the mean value Ave (d) and the variance yields σ (d) of frequency band vibrational energy by statistical principle;

The running state of gear box monitoring frequency band range that step 4, basis set and the mean value and the variance yields of frequency band vibrational energy, set the demand value Alarm (d) that vibrating numerical d vibrates in selected frequency band in real time, it comprises one-level alarming value Alarm1 (d) and secondary alarming value Alarm2 (d);

Step 5, by formula Alarm1 (d)=1.5 * (Ave (d)+2 * σ (d)) draws vibration one-level alarming value, and by formula Alarm2 (d)=2.5 * (Ave (d)+2 * σ (d)) draws the secondary alarming value;

Step 6, vibrating numerical d and alarming value Alarm1 (d) and Alarm2 (d) are compared, as d during less than Alarm1 (d), the gear case operation is normal, when Alarm1 (d)＜d＜Alarm2 (d), need arouse attention to the gear case operation, when d＞Alarm2 (d), the gear case operation exception, then monitoring system is reported to the police and the state of doing shows.

Correctly meaningful for the raw data that makes said method, above-mentioned vibration transducer has several, and they are installed in respectively on each bearing of gear train assembly and radially setting, and at least one transmission shaft and with axial setting.

Gear drive has obtained to use more widely in various machines and plant equipment.In mechanical driving device, for slow down, specific use such as speedup or speed change, the kinematic train that often adopts a series of intermeshed gear to form is referred to as gear train with these gear train assemblies in " mechanical principle ".

When gear train turns round, if it is unfixing to form the geometrical axis position that has a gear in this gear train at least, and rotate around the geometrical axis of other gears, promptly in this gear train, at least has a gear of doing planetary motion, claim that this gear drive is the planet wheel transmission, i.e. the planet gear train.Be epicyclic train in the pickling drawing-correcting machine gear case.

This monitoring method adopts the running status of the method on-line monitoring straightening machine gear case that frequency band reports to the police, and mainly the bearing of unifying of the pinion unit in the gear case is carried out vibration monitoring.

(1) calculating of epicyclic train ratio of gear

As shown in Figure 2, in the epicyclic train, planetary gear Z2 is both around axis rotation own, again around O ₁Or O _HTherefore revolution can not directly find the solution the ratio of gear of epicyclic train with ordinary gear train ratio of gear computing formula, and adopt reversal process to find the solution its ratio of gear indirectly usually.

The rotating speed of supposing each gear of epicyclic train and planet carrier H is respectively: n ₁, n ₂, n ₃, n _H, the number of teeth be Zi (i=1,2 ...).Ratio of gear for a pair of gear is:

Ratio of gear size: i12=ω 1/ ω 2=Z2/Z1

Present whole planet wheel fasten add one with planet carrier rotating speed equal and opposite in direction, public rotating speed (n that direction is opposite _H) epicyclic train is changed into an imaginary ordinary gear train, as Fig. 2.Use the ratio of gear computing formula of ordinary gear train again, find the solution the epicyclic train ratio of gear.

By relative motion principle as can be known, whole epicyclic train is added a public rotating speed (n _H) after, the relative motion rule in this gear train between each member does not change, but variation has taken place in rotating speed, and its result of variations is as follows:

Becoming note does

The rotating speed of gear 1: n ₁→ (n ₁-n _H) → n ₁ ^H

The rotating speed of gear 2: n ₂→ (n ₂-n _H) → n ₂ ^H

The rotating speed of gear 3: n ₃→ (n ₃-n _H) → n ₃ ^H

The rotating speed of planet carrier H: n _H→ (n _H-n _H) → 0

The ratio of gear of taking turns 1 and 3 can be expressed as:

$i_{13}^H=\frac{n_1^H}{n_3^H}=\frac{n_1-n_H}{n_3-n_H}={(-1)}^1\frac{z_2{z}_3}{z_1{z}_2}=-\frac{z_3}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="z"\; filenames="S2007101717717E00021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_1}$

In the formula, i _1,3 ^HWheel 1 and wheel 3 ratio of gear in the expression reversing device with respect to planet carrier H." (1) " number is illustrated in a pair of external gear pump transmission in the reversing device, ratio of gear is negative explanation wheel 1 and the switched in opposite of wheel 3 in reversing device.

Generally speaking: if certain single planetary gear train is made of a plurality of gears, then ratio of gear asks method to be: ask the ratio of gear size

Mark turning to of each gear in the reversing device, determine the ratio of gear symbol.When wheel 1 with to take turns turning to of k identical, get "+" number, otherwise get "-" number.

For composite gear is that ratio of gear calculates, and lists the calculating formula of ordinary gear train ratio of gear and epicyclic train ratio of gear respectively, simultaneous solution.

The calculating of (2) gear drive characteristic frequency

If the rotating speed of a certain axle be n (rev/min), then its rotational frequency f (Hz) by formula calculates:

f＝n/60

The rotating speed of output shaft converts according to input shaft rotational speed and ratio of gear.

The gear mesh frequency GMF=gear number of teeth * rotating speed

(3) rolling bearing calculation on Natural Frequency

If the rotating speed of a certain axle be n (rev/min), during defectiveness, its vibration frequency is respectively fBi, fBo and fB on rolling bearing inner ring, outer ring or the rolling body.

$f_{\mathrm{Bi}}=\frac{1}{2}(1+\frac{d}{D}\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;})\&times;\frac{n}{60}$

$f_{\mathrm{Bo}}=\frac{1}{2}(1-\frac{d}{D}\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;})\&times;\frac{n}{60}$

$f_B=\frac{1}{2}\&times;\frac{D}{d}[1-{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^2\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^2]\&times;\frac{n}{60}$

D is the rolling body diameter in the formula, D bearing pitch diameter, α contact angle.

(4) frequency band is reported to the police and is provided with

In fault-signal, periodic signal mainly is to become generations such as vibrating by the free vibration of machine, forced vibration and ginseng.For periodic signal, prove already on the mathematics, utilize the fourier series principle, periodic function y (t) can be resolved into fourier series, be about to signal decomposition and become many harmonic components.

y(t)＝a ₀/2+c ₁cos(ω ₁t- ₁)+c ₂cos(2w ₁t-

₂)+.......+c _ncos(2w ₁t-

_n)

In the formula: $c_n=\sqrt{{a_n}^2+{b_n}^2}$

Wherein: $a_n==\mathrm{\&omega;}1/\mathrm{\&pi;}{\&Integral;}_{-T/2}^{T/2}y\left(t\right)\cos n{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_1\mathrm{tdt},n=1,2,......$

$b_n=={\mathrm{\&omega;}}_1/\mathrm{\&pi;}{\&Integral;}_{-T/2}^{T/2}y\left(t\right)\sin n{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_1\mathrm{tdt},n=\mathrm{1,2},......$

Decomposing the result who obtains by above-mentioned formula calculating is horizontal ordinate with the frequency, is the vibration characteristics that ordinate characterizes frequency field with amplitude or phase place.

Frequency band is reported to the police needs the interior frequency amplitude summation of frequency range of definition as alarming value, reports to the police when wishing that a certain frequency range medium frequency energy is higher than alarming value.

This monitoring method has proposed the frequency band alarm method of pickling drawing-correcting machine running state of gear box, and this on-line monitoring method is simple and efficient, can realize the running status trend management to straightening machine parts.

The seriousness grade of unit exception or fault is determined by alarm limit, generally is divided into normally, warns (arousing attention), reports to the police and dangerous four ranks.To machine global vibration value, the setting of alarm limit can be with reference to ISO2372 and ISO10816 standard; To the frequency band then relative complex of reporting to the police.

In order to address this problem, the status monitoring field the famous U.S. northern card state Technical Associatesof Charlotte James Mr. E.Berry of company set up " The Proven Method " (confirming the method for " method of confirmation " device type and alarm level thereof), its instructs the vibration survey data to general process and utility appliance that monitoring frequency band and the warning of velocity spectrum frequency band energy are set.

The setting of frequency band alarming value generally is an empirical value, generally is the number percent number of global vibration normative reference, and any warning of setting is only set as a kind of initial reference.

This monitoring method has designed the frequency band alarm method at straightening machine running state of gear box, by the vibration signal of on-line monitoring straightening machine, realizes the warning of straightening machine running status.

In the actual monitoring process, when a bearing failure frequency may increase several times, its value of always shaking was but almost without any variation, showed that the full range vibration values reports to the police to exist to fail to report phenomenon.It is whole frequency range to be divided into several significant frequency bands monitor and follow the tracks of that frequency band is reported to the police, be actually simplification to frequency spectrum, hundreds of data are simplified to several data, and each frequency band data is provided with alarming value, character that just can the judgment device abnormal state when alarm generation is accurate diagnosis analysis and guidance direction.

The monitoring of straightening machine running state of gear box can be provided with three main frequency bands:

1 * fBo-4 * fBo: the parts running status of monitoring rolling bearing

1X-3X: the mounting characteristics of monitoring kinematic train

1 * GMF-3.25 * GMF: monitoring kinematic train gear meshing state

OVERALL: monitoring full range band vibrational energy;

Wherein 1 * fBo represents the housing washer frequency, and 4 * fBo represents 4 times of housing washer frequency; The parts running status of monitoring rolling bearing; 1X represents speed-frequency, and 2X and 3X represent 2 frequencys multiplication, 3 frequencys multiplication of rotating speed respectively; 1 * GMF represents nibbling of gear and frequency, 3 times of 3 * GMF gear mesh frequency.OVERALL represents the global vibration value.

After having gathered 6 corresponding frequency band vibration values, being arranged on of special frequency band actual alarm value generate with statistic law.

According to mathematical statistics SPC principle, when times of collection K 〉=6, can ask mean value Ave (d) and the variances sigma (d) of frequency band vibrational energy d, can set the demand value Alarm (d) of d.

One-level alarming value Alarm1 (d)=1.5 * (Ave (d)+2 * σ (d))

Secondary alarming value Alarm2 (d)=2.5 * (Ave (d)+2 * σ (d))

Wherein

K is the number of times of selected frequency band vibration values online acquisition in the formula.

This monitoring method algorithm simply, only needs the vibrational waveform of equipment is carried out signal reconstruction, and the vibration amplitude in the calculating special frequency band can be realized the evaluation to straightening machine running state of gear box.

Straightening machine running state of gear box report to the police to adopt the secondary type of alarm, when monitoring parameter d less than one-level alarming value Alarm1 (d).

Claims (2)

1. the on-line monitoring method of a running state of gear box of cold rolling and pickling drawing-correcting machine, each bearing seat of described gear case is provided with vibration transducer, it is characterized in that: described method comprises the steps:

When step 1, the operation of described gear case, gather the real-time vibration signal of each bearing seat of gear case, read the vibrating numerical d that is located at vibration transducer on the gearbox shaft bearing;

Step 2, be that the running status of rolling bearing in speed-frequency X, the gear case is that housing washer frequency f Bo and kinematic train gear meshing state are gear mesh frequency GMF, the frequency band range of described running state of gear box monitoring is set according to the mounting characteristics of described gearbox system;

Step 3, after gathering the real-time vibration signal of several times each bearing seat of gear case, according to the vibration transducer numerical value d that reads, calculate the mean value Ave (d) and the variance yields σ (d) of frequency band vibrational energy by statistical principle;

The running state of gear box monitoring frequency band range that step 4, basis set and the mean value and the variance yields of frequency band vibrational energy, set the demand value Alarm (d) that vibrating numerical d vibrates in selected frequency band in real time, it comprises one-level alarming value Alarm1 (d) and secondary alarming value Alarm2 (d);

Step 5, by formula Alarm1 (d)=1.5 * (Ave (d)+2 * σ (d)) draws vibration one-level alarming value, and by formula Alarm2 (d)=2.5 * (Ave (d)+2 * σ (d)) draws the secondary alarming value;

Step 6, vibrating numerical d and alarming value Alarm1 (d) and Alarm2 (d) are compared, as d during less than Alarm1 (d), the gear case operation is normal, when Alarm1 (d)＜d＜Alarm2 (d), need arouse attention to the gear case operation, when d＞Alarm2 (d), the gear case operation exception, then monitoring system is reported to the police and the state of doing shows.

2. the on-line monitoring method of running state of gear box of cold rolling and pickling drawing-correcting machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that; Described vibration transducer has several, and they are installed in respectively on each bearing of gear train assembly and radially setting, and at least one transmission shaft and with axial setting.

Images