CN101445731A - Degradable liquid mulching film and production method thereof - Google Patents
Degradable liquid mulching film and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a degradable liquid mulching film and a production method thereof, particularly to an environment-friendly degradable liquid mulching film with straws as a basic raw material and a production method thereof. The degradable liquid mulching film is prepared from steaming slurry of crop straws (such as wheat straws, rice straws, cotton straws, wood shavings, and the like) or straws paper-making black liquor as a main raw material by a series of reactions, such as sulfonation, crosslinking and copolymerization, of macromolecules in the slurry or the black liquor, such as lignin, cellulose and polysaccharides, under the action of a film formation additive. The novel macromolecules in the degradable liquid mulching film have a large amount of hydrophilic groups which can effectively catch the water molecules evaporated and diffused from soil to the air, so as to prevent water evaporation and heat loss arising therefrom, thereby increasing the temperature and preserving soil moisture. The degradable liquid mulching film is helpful for increasing crop yield and improving crop quality; and the yield is higher than that by use of a plastic mulching film, and the per mu yield is increased by more than 5%. The degradable liquid mulching film can replace the conventionally used plastic mulching film.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to new agricultural technology, relate to field of environment protection, specifically a kind of is the degradable liquid mulch film and the manufacture method thereof of basic raw material with the straw.
Background technology:
Plastic mulching cultivation technology is the important means of agriculture production, using membrane covering can satisfy farm crop and heat, preserve soil moisture, the needs that keep fertility, be mainly used in the north, arid, cold district crop early stage covering and check winds and fix drifting sand, have and promote crop yield, improve functions such as quality, premature ripening.
Relevant statistical information shows that China's land deterioration, desertification area year increase by 43%, 2100 square kilometres in newly-increased every year on average desertification soil.At present, there are barrier factors such as arid, low-lying, saline and alkaline in the arable land of China more than 80%, need carry out in various degree conditioning and improvement.National arid disaster area on average reached 2283.9 ten thousand hectares in 1995-1998 years, accounted for 24% of national total cultivated area.There are 100,000,000 hectares of grasslands in the whole nation because of the desertification underproduction 30-40%, and thousands of kilometers railways and thousands of kilometers highways are subjected to dust storm throughout the year and threaten.The loss of the annual desertification in the whole nation is up to 2,070 hundred million yuan.Soil erosion, soil desertification, the soil salinization and soil pollution have become the major issue of restriction Chinese national economy development.
Early stage ground covering technique is from from external introduction plastic film soverlay technique, and through the popularization in more than 20 years, area coverage reached more than 200,000,000 mu, since nineteen ninety-four annual speed increment with 1,000 ten thousand mu.But plastic film belongs to petrochemical industry, and raw material is petroleum chemicals, the external interdependency height of raw material, and price is the situation that rises year by year, has increased agricultural cost; Because plastic film is difficult to decompose in physical environment, be scattered in soil and the physical environment, destroyed Soil structure, cause white pollution to soil and environment, when using agricultural polyethylene film continuously, remain in the polyethylene fragment in the soil, can make the boundary of capillarity forfeiture of soil, crop yield is descended rapidly; Plastic film is when using, and labor capacity is big, and efficient is low, is example with the peanut, and the shop is executed plastic film and needed 3 people at least, and every day can only operation about 2 mu, and must put Miao Yinmiao after crop emerges, and needs a large amount of labor forces; In addition, in the rural area large-scale livestock because of eat the disease that is scattered in the mulch film in the environment and causes by mistake, dead incident is of common occurrence.
Because the existing above-mentioned unsurmountable shortcoming of plastic film urgees to have given birth to emerging of degradable liquid mulch film technology.Domestic exploitation is scarcely out of swaddling-clothes to the degradable mulch Study on Technology, although existing several relevant patents are successively open to the public, owing to restricted by factors such as technology maturity, market acceptance, cost, never has actual putting goods on the market.
It is the degradable mulch of main membrane-forming agent that the focus of degradable mulch research and development in recent years is to use polyvinyl alcohol more, for example application number is please promptly to disclose a kind of " multifunction degradable black liquid state mulch film " in 02117933.6 the patent, it is to be raw material with the plant straw, with the polyvinyl alcohol is membrane-forming agent, add tensio-active agent, stablizer and waste material, agricultural chemicals etc., make through " stirring ".Owing to raw material and manufacture method that this patent application technical scheme is selected are unreasonable, thereby have the following disadvantages:
(1) because the polyvinyl alcohol price is higher, ten thousand yuan/ton of 1.5-2, usage quantity is bigger, about 30%, causes the cost of finished product degradable mulch to be higher than plastic film, and market is difficult to accept.
(2) because it is filled a prescription and just simply mixes between each component, and degree of crosslinking is not high, film-formation result is undesirable; Hydrophilic functional groups is less, and the heating of mulch film, soil moisture conservation effect are not strong, with respect to the influence of plastic film to crop yield, use this mulch film after, crop yield reduces more than 5% than the output of using plastic film.
(3) according to relevant report, because polyvinyl alcohol is-C-C-long-chain formula structure that although do not exist plastic flakes residual in soil, the degradation time of this material in physical environment is also longer than polyethylene degradation time.
(4) polyvinyl alcohol destroys the crumb structure of topsoil gong to a certain extent, influences the ability of soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping.
Thereby such mulch film compares with plastic film, do not have the market competitiveness.
Summary of the invention:
In order to solve the deficiency that existing degradable liquid mulch film exists, the inventor provides a kind of degradable liquid mulch film and manufacture method thereof of brand new.
Degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention, be to be main raw material with crop material (for example wheat straw, straw, cotton stalk, wood chip etc.) boiling slurry and/or black liquid of straw pulp paper-making, under the effect of film for additive, make series reaction such as polymer generation sulfonation such as xylogen in slurry or the black liquor, Mierocrystalline cellulose, polysaccharide, crosslinked, grafting, copolymerization, can make degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention.
The feed composition of above-mentioned film for additive comprises:
Humic acids,
S-WAT,
Urea,
Urotropine and/or melamine,
Ferrous sulfate,
Hydrogen peroxide etc.
The preparation method of degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention is: add humic acids in main raw material stalk boiling slurry and/or black liquid of straw pulp paper-making, neutralize and preliminary crosslinking reaction; In reaction solution, add S-WAT again, carry out sulfonation reaction; And then in reaction solution, add urea and urotropine and/or melamine, and adding initiator ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide, further carry out crosslinked, copolymerization, graft reaction, can make that a kind of to have macromolecule filming materials hydrophilic functional groups, tridimensional network, macromolecule such as a large amount of carboxyls, hydroxyl, amino, amide group, sulfonic group be the degradable liquid mulch film of main body.
The main raw material of degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention and the specification of additive are as follows:
Stalk boiling slurry 20～30Be solid content 38～52%
Black liquid of straw pulp paper-making 20～30Be solid content 38～52%
Humic acids comprises Huang, hymatomalenic acid, natural weathered coal, brown coal and biochemical product
The S-WAT pressed powder
The urea solid particle
The urotropine pressed powder
The melamine pressed powder
Ferrous sulfate 1% FeSO
4The aqueous solution
Hydrogen peroxide 30%H
2O
2The aqueous solution
The weight proportion umber of main raw material and each feed composition of additive is:
100 parts of stalk boiling slurry and/or black liquid of straw pulp paper-making (folding solids content 100% butt meter)
5～20 parts of humic acidss (folding 100%)
0.5～2 part of S-WAT (folding 100%)
2～5 parts in urea (folding 100%)
0.2～5 part of urotropine and/or melamine (folding 100%)
1%FeSO
41～2 part of the aqueous solution
30% H
2O
20.5～1 part of the aqueous solution.
The weight proportion umber of preferred main raw material and each component of film for additive is as follows:
100 parts of stalk boiling slurry and/or black liquid of straw pulp paper-making (folding solids content 100% butt meter)
15～20 parts of humic acidss (folding 100%)
1.5～2 parts of S-WATs (folding 100%)
4～5 parts in urea (folding 100%)
2～2.5 parts of urotropines (folding 100%)
2～3 parts of melamines (folding 100%)
1%FeSO
42 parts of the aqueous solution
30% H
2O
21 part of the aqueous solution.
The concrete manufacturing step and the processing condition of degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention are as follows:
(1) gets 100 parts in black liquid of straw pulp paper-making and/or boiling slurry (in 100% butt), under temperature 80-100 ℃ and condition of normal pressure, with 5～20 parts of humic acidss (folding 100%), under agitation, reacted 30-60 minute, in and black liquid in residual alkaline substance, crosslinked, copolyreaction takes place simultaneously;
(2) in above-mentioned reaction solution, add Na
2SO
3～2 parts 0.5 (folding 100%), under 80～100 ℃ of conditions of temperature, stirring reaction 30 minutes carries out sulfonation reaction;
(3) under 40-50 ℃ of condition, in above-mentioned reaction solution, add 0.2～5 part of 2～5 parts in urea and urotropine and/or melamine (folding 100%), fully stirred 15 minutes; Cool the temperature to 20-30 ℃ then, add 1%FeSO
41～2 part of the aqueous solution and 30%H
2O
20.5～1 part of the aqueous solution causes copolyreaction, and under fully stirring sustained reaction 30 minutes, the prepared homogeneous liquid that contains the novel high polymer of tridimensional network is the finished product of degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention.
The above-mentioned degradable liquid mulch film technical target of the product that makes is as follows:
Solid content: 40-60%; Organic content〉40%; Average SMD:300-500nm; Viscosity: 5-100mPa.S; Degrade inductive phase: 60 days; Heat performance: 3-6 ℃ of 5-15cm soil temperature raising (ratio is without mulch film, and fine day heats about 2 ℃ than plastic film); Water retention property: compare with plastic film, soil moisture content can improve 8～18.1%.
Using method: sow after the ground grading, the liquid ground film after will diluting with atomizer is sprayed at the crop sowing equably and is with.The land for growing field crops uses suggestion to spray about 20L for every mu.Nurse crop comprises: multiple melon dish crops such as multiple field crop such as peanut, cotton, corn, pachyrhizus, tobacco and ginger, watermelon, Chinese yam, fruit tree also can be used.
According to the needs that grow of different application crop, can in product, add trace element and/or agricultural chemicals and/or growth additives etc. such as corresponding Z n, P, Mo, Cu, make the composite liquid mulching film product.
Have a large amount of hydrophilic radicals on the novel high polymer in the liquid ground film of the present invention, can effectively catch the water molecules of soil, thereby can suppress moisture evaporation and consequent heat and scatter and disappear, thereby play the effect that heats soil moisture conservation to air evaporation, diffusion; The slurries that will contain this novel high polymer spray application to soil surface through atomizer, can form one deck chocolate polymer soil film, can absorb more solar heat, thereby increase the total effective temperature that plant growth needs, help improving crop yield and improve crop quality, output is higher than plastic film and covers, and can substitute the plastic film that tradition is used.
Because the agent structure of the novel high polymer in the liquid ground film of the present invention is natural polymers such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose, polysaccharide, in physical environment, under actings in conjunction such as light, heat, air, water, microorganism, enzyme, through after certain degraded inductive phase, molecular backbone chain can rupture, molecular chain constantly shortens, molecular weight constantly reduces, through behind certain degradative phase, be degraded to monomer humic-acid kind fertilizer, further be degraded to monomer again, final metabolism is water and carbonic acid gas, so it is a kind of major function material of degradable liquid mulch film.
The feature of environmental protection characteristics of liquid ground film of the present invention: both utilized black liquid, the water that efficiently solves the papermaking straw pulp industry pollutes; Fundamentally solved the white pollution that the farmland causes because of using plastic film again; Be three-D space structure and have a large amount of polar functional groups owing to this polymer simultaneously, can chelating, complexing action take place with chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals etc., form chelating, complex compound and increase fertilizer efficiency, drug effect, can effectively reduce the usage quantity of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, alleviate fertilizer damage, poisoning, improve crop quality.
Liquid ground film of the present invention has multi-efficiency: the heat absorption of the existing plastic film effect that heats, preserves soil moisture, keeps a full stand of seedings; Fertilizer efficiency and drug effect are arranged again; When improving agriculture production environment, eliminating white pollution, can increase the characteristics that integrate agricultural chemicals, fertilizer and plastic sheeting for farm use again; With product with broadcast the back seedling before chemical herbicide mixes, spray and be used for northern spring sowing corn, to the 45 days preventive effect raising 2-4% behind the medicine that influence of annual grassy weeds;
Liquid ground film of the present invention can improve the soil moisture, increases total effective temperature: spray liquid-state mulch film, can form one deck chocolate soil at ground surface, make 3-6 ℃ of 5-15cm soil temperature raisings;
Liquid ground film of the present invention can suppress water evaporates, and improve the moisture content utilization ratio: compare with plastic film, soil moisture content can improve 8～18.1%.
The peanut root system that uses liquid ground film of the present invention to cover is obviously flourishing, and the thick leaf of stem is thick, and pin is short, and the fruit grain is full, and biomass covers many more than 10% than plastic film, and shows anti-adversity preferably; Product sprayed in field crop sowing be with, can form the chocolate soil film that one deck has certain degree of hardness, through precipitation or irrigate the back color and shoal, crop emerged 3-5 days in advance, through 2-3 native film disappearance after the month; Peanut, cotton, corn, vegetables that liquid ground film of the present invention covers, the per unit area yield amount of increase in production can reach 5～50% (because of factors such as crop varieties, soil fertility, field management levels, causing the difference of amount of increase in production).
The withered phenomenon of using liquid ground film nurse crop of the present invention to cause from poison covers than plastic film lacks about 10%, and disease and pest covers than plastic film and reduces more than 20%;
Liquid ground film air-and water-permeable of the present invention can effectively improve crop growth environment; The drawback that rainwater runs off in the time of improving the plastic film covering;
Liquid ground film degraded of the present invention enters in the soil, and stronger adhesive capacity is arranged, and grogs can be coupled to the ideal soil particle, improves the boundary of capillarity of soil particle, improves soil permeability, becomes soil improvement agent;
Wood invention liquid ground film sprays at the scene, farmland makes film, saving of work and time, and in actual use, the amount of labour used of liquid ground film only is 15-20% of a plastic film; Use cost is than the low 9-24% of plastic film.Agricultural chemicals can be mixed up in the mulch film and spray together, thereby raise labour efficiency, save the labor force, and strong to the topography and geomorphology adaptive faculty; When crop emerges, can emerge naturally, need not manually draw Miao Fangmiao.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1
The liquid ground film raw material is formed:
100 parts of black liquids (rolling over 100% butt)
5 parts in brown coal (folding humic acid 100%)
0.5 part of S-WAT (folding 100%)
2 parts in urea (folding 100%)
1.5 parts of melamines (folding 100%)
1%FeSO
41 part of the aqueous solution
30% H
2O
20.5 part of the aqueous solution
The liquid ground film manufacture method:
(1) get 100 parts of straw black liquids (in 100% butt), under 90 ℃ of temperature and condition of normal pressure,, under agitation, reacted 40 minutes with 5 parts of humic acidss (folding 100%), in black liquid in residual alkaline substance, crosslinked, copolyreaction takes place simultaneously;
(2) in above-mentioned reaction solution, add Na
2SO
3Part 0.5 (folding 100%), under 90 ℃ of conditions of temperature, stirring reaction 30 minutes carries out sulfonation reaction;
(3) under 45 ℃ of conditions of temperature, in above-mentioned reaction solution, add 2 parts in urea, 1.5 parts of melamines (folding 100%), fully stirred 15 minutes; Cool the temperature to 25 ℃ then, add 1%FeSO
41 part of the aqueous solution, 30% H
2O
20.5 part of the aqueous solution, initiation grafting, copolyreaction, and under fully stirring sustained reaction 30 minutes, promptly make the finished product of degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention.
The number-average molecular weight 5,000,000 of present embodiment products obtained therefrom, the relative blank of 5-15cm soil 24h medial temperature increases by 3 ℃, compare with the plastic film covering, the soil moisture content that the present embodiment degradable liquid mulch film covers improves pan soil film disappearance after 10%, 60 day.
Embodiment 2
The liquid ground film raw material is formed:
100 parts in straw boiling slurry (rolling over 100% butt)
10 parts of weathered coals (rolling over 100% humic acid)
1 part of S-WAT (folding 100%)
2 parts in urea (folding 100%)
1 part of urotropine (folding 100%)
1%FeSO
41.5 parts of the aqueous solution
30%H
2O
20.8 part of the aqueous solution
The liquid ground film manufacture method:
(1) get 100 parts in straw boiling slurry (in 100% butt), under 80 ℃ of temperature and condition of normal pressure,, under agitation, reacted 50 minutes with 10 parts of humic acidss (folding 100%), in black liquid in residual alkaline substance, crosslinked, copolyreaction takes place simultaneously;
(2) in above-mentioned reaction solution, add Na
2SO
31 part (folding 100%) 80 ℃ of following stirring reactions of temperature 30 minutes, carries out sulfonation reaction;
(3) under 40 ℃ of conditions, in above-mentioned reaction solution, add 2 parts in urea, 1 part of urotropine (folding 100%), fully stirred 15 minutes; Cool the temperature to 20 ℃ then, add 1%FeSO
41.5 parts of the aqueous solution, 30% H
2O
20.8 part of the aqueous solution, cause copolyreaction and under fully stirring sustained reaction 30 minutes, promptly make the finished product of degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention.
The number-average molecular weight 3,000,000 of present embodiment products obtained therefrom, the relative blank of 5-15cm soil 24h medial temperature increases by 3 ℃, compare with the plastic film covering, the soil moisture content that the present embodiment degradable liquid mulch film covers improves pan soil film disappearance after 8%, 70 day.
Embodiment 3
The liquid ground film raw material is formed:
100 parts of black liquids (rolling over 100% butt)
Yellow humic acid (rolling over 100% humic acid) 15 parts
2 parts of S-WATs (folding 100%)
4 parts in urea (folding 100%)
2 parts of urotropines (folding 100%)
3 parts of melamines (folding 100%)
1%FeSO
42 parts of the aqueous solution
30%H
2O
21 part of the aqueous solution
The liquid ground film manufacture method:
(1) get 100 parts of straw black liquids (in 100% butt), under 100 ℃ of temperature and condition of normal pressure,, under agitation, reacted 60 minutes with 15 parts of humic acidss (folding 100%), in black liquid in residual alkaline substance, crosslinked, copolyreaction takes place simultaneously;
(2) in above-mentioned reaction solution, add Na
2SO
32 parts (folding 100%) 80 ℃ of following stirring reactions of temperature 30 minutes, carries out sulfonation reaction;
(3) under 50 ℃ of conditions, in above-mentioned reaction solution, add 4 parts in urea, 2 parts of urotropines and 3 parts of melamines (folding 100%), fully stirred 15 minutes; Cool the temperature to 30 ℃ then, add 1%FeSO
42 parts of the aqueous solution, 30%H
2O
21 part of the aqueous solution, initiation grafting, copolyreaction and under fully stirring sustained reaction 30 minutes, promptly make the finished product of degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention.
The number-average molecular weight 1,200 ten thousand of present embodiment products obtained therefrom, the relative blank of 5-15cm soil 24h medial temperature increases by 6 ℃, compare with the plastic film covering, the soil moisture content that the present embodiment degradable liquid mulch film covers improves pan soil film disappearance after 18.1%, 90 day
Embodiment 4.
The liquid ground film raw material is formed:
100 parts in straw boiling slurry (rolling over 100% butt)
20 parts of yellow humic acid (folding humic acid 100%)
1.5 parts of S-WATs (folding 100%)
5 parts in urea (folding 100%)
2.5 parts of urotropines (folding 100%)
2 parts of melamines (folding 100%)
1%FeSO
42 parts of the aqueous solution
30%H
2O
21 part of the aqueous solution
The liquid ground film manufacture method:
(1) get 100 parts in straw boiling slurry (in 100% butt), under 100 ℃ of temperature and condition of normal pressure,, under agitation, reacted 45 minutes with 20 parts of humic acidss (folding 100%), in black liquid in residual alkaline substance, crosslinked, copolyreaction takes place simultaneously;
(2) in above-mentioned reaction solution, add Na
2SO
31.5 part (folding 100%) 80 ℃ of following stirring reactions of temperature 30 minutes, carries out sulfonation reaction;
(3) under 50 ℃ of conditions, in above-mentioned reaction solution, add 5 parts in urea, urotropine 2.5 and 2 parts of melamines (folding 100%), fully stirred 15 minutes; Cool the temperature to 30 ℃ then, add 1%FeSO
42 parts of the aqueous solution, 30%H
2O
21 part of the aqueous solution, initiation grafting, copolyreaction and under fully stirring sustained reaction 30 minutes, an even liquid product of the novel high polymer that contains tridimensional network that promptly makes is the finished product of degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention.
The number-average molecular weight 1,000 ten thousand of present embodiment products obtained therefrom, the relative blank of 5-15cm soil 24h medial temperature increases by 6 ℃, compare with the plastic film covering, the soil moisture content that the present embodiment degradable liquid mulch film covers improves pan soil film disappearance after 18.1%, 90 day
Embodiment 5.
The liquid ground film raw material is formed:
100 parts of black liquids (rolling over 100% butt)
20 parts of palm fibre humic acid (folding humic acid 100%)
1.5 parts of S-WATs (folding 100%)
3 parts in urea (folding 100%)
2 parts of melamines (folding 100%)
1%FeSO
41 part of the aqueous solution
H
2O
20.5 part of 30% aqueous solution
The liquid ground film manufacture method:
(1) get 100 parts of straw black liquids (in 100% butt), under 90 ℃ of temperature and condition of normal pressure,, under agitation, reacted 30 minutes with 20 parts of humic acidss (folding 100%), in black liquid in residual alkaline substance, crosslinked, copolyreaction takes place simultaneously;
(2) in above-mentioned reaction solution, add Na
2SO
31.5 part (folding 100%) 90 ℃ of following stirring reactions of temperature 30 minutes, carries out sulfonation reaction;
(3) under 45 ℃ of conditions, in above-mentioned reaction solution, add 3 parts in urea, 2 parts of melamines (folding 100%), fully stirred 15 minutes; Cool the temperature to 25 ℃ then, 1%FeSO
41 part of the aqueous solution, 30%H
2O
20.5 part of the aqueous solution causes copolyreaction, and under fully stirring sustained reaction 25 minutes, promptly make the finished product of degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention.
The number-average molecular weight 7,000,000 of present embodiment products obtained therefrom, the relative blank of 5-15cm soil 24h medial temperature increases by 4 ℃, compare with the plastic film covering, the soil moisture content that the present embodiment degradable liquid mulch film covers improves pan soil film disappearance after 12%, 70 day.
Liquid ground film of the present invention heat the soil moisture conservation performance study with the land for growing field crops application test:
(the used sample of the present invention of following test is for pressing embodiment 3 or the prepared sample of 4 prescriptions)
(1), heats performance
1, equipment and testing method:
(1) makes the wooden container (above not having) that 4 lengths are respectively 60 centimetres, 60 centimetres, 20 centimetres.
(2) 4 wooden containers are filled normal soil respectively, be not less than in free air temperature under 12 degrees centigrade the natural condition, two containers are placed on competent place at outdoor sunshine, respectively liquid ground film of the present invention, polyvinyl alcohol liquid ground film, plastic film are evenly sprayed on the container soil surface, another container is as blank, in each container, be similar to and choose 12 monitoring points equably, 12 thermometers are inserted in the soil, three of depth of penetration are 5 centimetres, three is 10 centimetres, three is 15 centimetres, handles equally in the blank container.
(3) indicator value and the record of thermometer read at every interval in 3 hours.
(4) will use the reading of three thermometers of 5 centimetres of degree of depth in the product vessel to average, to 10 centimetres, 15 centimetres average equally, to the same pre-treatment of blank.
2, result and analysis:
Plastic film covers the relative blank of 5-15cm soil 24h medial temperature increases 2-4 ℃; Liquid ground film of the present invention covers the relative blank of 5-15cm soil 24h medial temperature increases 3-6 ℃; The polyvinyl alcohol liquid ground film covers the relative blank of 5-15cm soil 24h medial temperature increases 1-2 ℃; The amplitude of heating can reach 6 ℃ under the liquid ground film daylight condition of the present invention, and night and blank are suitable, and day and night temperature obviously increases, and the big prerequisite of high grade and yield of crops just of day and night temperature.This shows that liquid ground film of the present invention has the advantage that significantly heats.
(2) soil moisture conservation performance study
1, equipment
A) 500 milliliters glass measure is 1; 1000 milliliters glass measure 3 A, B, C; One of high-pressure sprayer;
B) the soil 8kg by 80 mesh sieve;
C) the about 5kg of range, the electronic balance of scale division value 0.1g;
D) water is 1500 milliliters.
2, operation
A) survey the quality of A, B, C with electronic balance, and write down M
A, M
B, M
L, soil is mixed the back evenly distribute in measuring cup A, B, C, level all is assigned among A, B, the C;
B) liquid ground film of the present invention (P) and polyvinyl alcohol+black liquid liquid ground film (PVA) evenly are sprayed on soil surface among measuring cup C and the cup B with high-pressure sprayer respectively, a cup A covers with plastic film; A, B, C are placed the outdoor place that sunlight is arranged;
C) 72 hours quality in every interval with electronics balance measurement A, B, C, continuously measured 3 times, record respectively.
3, result and analysis
Above-mentioned two groups the contrast in as can be seen, the container steam output that degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention covers is minimum, the container steam output that the container steam output that plastic film covers is more, the polyvinyl alcohol liquid ground film covers is maximum, illustrate that degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention has the obvious suppression effect to the evaporation of moisture content, the water conservation effect is best; In the contrast 1, the total steam output of container that degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention covers, plastic film covers, the polyvinyl alcohol liquid ground film covers is respectively: 194g, 236g, 259g, and the total evaporation in the contrast 2 is respectively: 68g, 74g, 76g; Compare with the plastic film covering, in the contrast 1, the soil moisture content that degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention covers improves 18.1%.In the contrast 2, the soil moisture content that degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention covers improves 8%; And under equal test conditions, compare with the plastic film covering, the soil moisture content that polyvinyl alcohol+black liquid liquid ground film covers has but reduced by 9.7% and 2.7% respectively.
(3) field experiment
1. peanut field experiment situation is summed up:
(1) 4 peasant households are selected in the township in Yishui County Ma Zhan town and circle, sign underproduction indemnity agreement, carry out the degradable liquid mulch film field experiment, 12 mu of overall test areas, degradable liquid mulch film service condition of the present invention: every mu of usage quantity: 25L (20Be), weedicide mixed up wherein spray, take identical field management.
6 mu of big flood field, Ma Zhan town village demonstration areas are distributed in 7 fields, belong to sand, are fit to peanut cultivation, wherein have 2 ground soil properties better, and output is higher; 2 mu of Wang Zhuan village demonstration areas belong to sandy cinnamon soil, are fit to peanut cultivation, and the demonstration area is distributed in 4 ground, and wherein the plot soil property is relatively poor, and output is lower; 2 mu of Da Yu village demonstration areas, sandy soil, the preserve moisture and fertility ability is relatively poor, and output is minimum in all test sites.Township Zhu Jiayu village demonstration area is 2 mu in the circle, and sandy cinnamon soil is fit to the peanut growth, and the experimental plot is distributed in 7 ground, and output is the highest in all tests.Output contrasts as following table:
| Big flood field, Ma Zhan town village | Wang Zhuan village, Ma Zhan town | Da Yu village, Ma Zhan town | Circle Zhu Jiayu village, first township | |
| Demonstration area (mu) | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Coverage mode | Liquid ground film | Plastic film | Liquid ground film | Plastic film | Liquid ground film | Plastic film | Liquid ground film | Plastic film |
| Average yield per mu (ton) | 295 | 276 | 311 | 263 | 273 | 267 | 317 | 278 |
| The highest per unit area yield (ton) | 298 | 292 | 303 | 297 | 281 | 279 | 320 | 302 |
| Minimum per mu yield (kg) | 272 | 270 | 280 | 278 | 270 | 272 | 312 | 295 |
Brief summary:
1. after passing through degraded inductive phase of 2-3 month, heat the soil moisture conservation function and disappear substantially, do not have white pollution, and be degraded to HA class fertilizer;
2. the peanut yield that degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention covers is higher than plastic film and covers, the average yield per mu that the project district uses degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention to cover: 297.67kg, the average yield per mu 272.67kg that covers than plastic film improves 25kg, amount of increase in production 9.2%; The highest per mu yield amount of increase in production 28.2%;
3. the withered phenomenon that causes from poison of using that degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention covers covers few about 70% than plastic film, disease and pest covers than plastic film and reduces more than 80%;
4. the root system that degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention covers is prosperity obviously, and the thick leaf of stem is thick, and pin is short, and the fruit grain is full, and amount of dry matter covers than plastic film and reaches more than 10%, and shows anti-adversity ability preferably;
5. in actual use, the amount of labour used of degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention only is 15-20% of a plastic film; Efficiency significantly improves, and labour intensity significantly reduces.
(2) entrust Junan County peanut production office to carry out field experiment on peanut, test area is 8 mu, and the result shows: the peanut yield that degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention covers is higher than plastic film and covers, and the highest per mu yield amount of increase in production is more than 15%; The withered phenomenon that causes from poison of using that degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention covers covers few about 70% than plastic film, disease and pest covers than plastic film and reduces more than 80%; The root system that degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention covers is prosperity obviously, and the thick leaf of stem is thick, and pin is short, and the fruit grain is full, and biomass covers than plastic film and reaches more than 10%, and shows anti-adversity ability preferably; In actual use, the amount of labour used of degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention only is 15-20% of a plastic film; Efficiency significantly improves, and labour intensity significantly reduces.The heavy heavy increase by 4.7% that covers than plastic film of increase by 4%, hundred benevolence that covers than plastic film of all kinds of fruits.
(4) demonstration is promoted
1. peanut test and demonstration
(1) having carried out peanut in the project district uses the present invention to cover popularization demonstration, 300 mu of peanut areas.Compared very significantly effect of increasing production with the plastic film covering, it is high more than 5% that the peanut that the Linshu uses the present invention to cover covers 100-grain weight than plastic film; The result is tested in the river examination held by a country government in the stockaded village, Juxian County: the peanut that the present invention covers Duos 22% than the number of results that plastic film covers; The peanut per mu yield that Pingdu Zhang Gezhuan the present invention covers reaches 1011 jin, and the per mu yield that plastic film covers is only less than 700 jin, and amount of increase in production is more than 40%.
(2) disease and pest situation: after the peanut that the present invention covers is emerged bacterial wilt is only arranged, do not have the disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling; And plastic film covers except bacterial wilt, also has other disease and pests, mainly is root rot, stem rot and fertilizer damage and poisoning, and the disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling is serious.
(3) plant performance in vegetative period: the center of growing in seedling stage is on root, has the significant short root effect of seedling that presses down, the internode that the relative plastic film of the internode of middle and later periods basal part of stem covers is short, it is short that the relative plastic film of plant covers, the peanut of liquid ground film of the present invention need not prevent excessive growth basically, can improve crop yield by rational close planted.
Seedling stage: the little stalwartness of peanut seedling that the present invention covers, well developed root system;
Mid-term: blade is thick and green, and fruit-setting rate covers high more than 5% than plastic film.
Later stage: the plant that the ratio plastic film that the present invention covers covers is vigorous, old and feeble slow, and acupuncture treatment is short, and effectively number of results is many.
(4) brief summary:
Peanut uses liquid ground film that following benefit is arranged:
1. solved the white pollution in the peanut production process effectively, because the liquid ground film that peanut uses is to be main raw material by stalk, in soil, did not just heat the soil moisture conservation effect substantially in about 60-90 days, and can resolve into organic matter, noresidue during results, the not problem that can pollute soil.
2. delayed the plant strain growth of peanut, according to observations, peanut uses the peanut plant early growth of liquid ground film slow, and the internode of the relative membrane covering of internode of basal part of stem is short, the relative membrane covering of plant short, the peanut of liquid ground film need not prevent excessive growth basically.
3. the range of results major peanut of the peanut of liquid ground film is the unearthed crop of cotyledon, after peanut uses liquid ground film, because self-sow, first and second becomes the state of partly crawling to side shoot, the Gao Jiewei fruit pin of peanut is in the hot and humid stage when pricking down, improve the ratio that the fruit pin becomes real result, increased the range of results of peanut.
4. reduced cost, alleviated the labour intensity liquid ground film because easy to operate, peanut is unearthed naturally, the minimizing recruitment of every mu of comparable membrane covering is more than 4, every mu of mulch film is by 30 yuan of calculating, and manually by 35 yuan of calculating, every mu of liquid ground film can reduce cost about 115 yuan for each.
In application, note following problem:
1. peanut uses liquid ground film will select the higher plot of rich water
Because peanut is the high-yield and high-efficiency cash crop, like growing under the soil fertility conditions of higher, therefore, peanut should be selected higher loam of rich water or silty loam plot for use when using liquid ground film, one prevents to spray ground, back too hardens, and influences the ventilative water permeability of soil; Two avoid peanut to cause seedling-growing time long because of anoxic, and the back of emerging forms weak seedling.
2. peanut uses liquid ground film will spray on the top, ridge, and band is at interval reserved in the ditch bottom.
Peanut adds the liquid ground film of capacity except that adding a spot of water earlier earlier in atomizer when spraying liquid ground film again, also should add an amount of weedicide, ratio suitably back stirs the back in the spraying of suitable ridge with waddy, can add shield cap during spraying, 10-15 centimetre interval band is reserved in the ditch bottom, makes full use of the peanut effective rainfall in early stage.
3. peanut uses suitably late sowing of liquid ground film, should suitably postpone before and after sowing time to the May 1 of peanut.
2. cotton field experiment and demonstration
Cotton is used 300 mu of degradable liquid mulch film culture underglass test of the present invention, demonstration areas.Jia Zhuan town, Shanghe County uses the present invention to cover culture of cotton, and per mu yield is compared 73 jin of volume increase with plastic film, and amount of increase in production is more than 15%, and the unginned cotton price was about 7000 yuan/ton in 07 year, and every mu increases income about 240 yuan; Save amount of labour used 4-5/mu, increase income 60 yuan/mu indirectly.
3. other crop field experiments, demonstration
(1) Si Kou town in Xixia City uses the present invention to cover on potato, and 28 strain control group output, the output of the present invention, plastic film, open country are respectively 24 kilograms, 21 kilograms, 14 kilograms.
(2) clock tower town in Juxian County uses the present invention to cover on ten mu of tobacco, output increases more than 30%, quality covers a high 4-5 grade than plastic film, each grade price differential is more than 1 yuan, mu increases more than 1000 yuan of direct economic benefit, 60 yuan of indirect economic effects, 100 mu of test and demonstration areas are taken in more than 100,000 yuan to the direct and indirect economy that project district peasant household increases.
(3) Laiwu City uses the present invention to cover on Da Jiang, and per mu yield covers increasing degree about 20% than plastic film, and mu increases nearly 1500 yuan of economic benefit.
(4) horizontal town, field, Jimo City and Pingdu City Zhang Gezhuan town use the present invention to test respectively on spring maize and summer corn, and the spring maize of Jimo is than morning the emerging 5 days of open country plantation; The summer corn of Pingdu does not have bald point with comparing of open country plantation, full seed, and soil is soft, and unit weight obviously reduces.
(5) the degradable liquid mulch film field experiment of the present invention of carrying out on crops such as soybean, taro, Ipomoea batatas, test-results have satisfactorily been finished every index of project alternative regulation.
(6) degradable liquid mulch film product of the present invention is used for the cherry garden before spending, than control group early harvest 35 days, output improved more than 20%.
From above-mentioned test as can be seen, degradable liquid mulch film culture underglass technology of the present invention, to improve agroecological environment, raise labour efficiency, reduce labour intensity, increasing farmers' income is significant.
The contrast of liquid ground film innovation point of the present invention and prior art: (videing infra)
Claims (10)
1. degradable liquid mulch film, it is characterized in that with crop material boiling slurry and/or straw black liquid be main raw material, under the effect of film for additive humic acids, S-WAT, urea, urotropine, melamine, ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide, make xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose, polysaccharide generation sulfonation, crosslinked, copolyreaction in slurry or the black liquor, prepared degradable liquid mulch film.
2. degradable liquid mulch film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the weight proportion umber of said degradable liquid mulch film main raw material and each component of film for additive is as follows:
100 parts of stalk boiling slurry and/or straw black liquids (folding solids content 100% butt meter)
5～20 parts of humic acidss (folding 100%)
0.5～2 part of S-WAT (folding 100%)
2～5 parts in urea (folding 100%)
0.2～5 part of urotropine and/or melamine (folding 100%)
1%FeSO
41～2 part of the aqueous solution
30% H
2O
20.5～1 part of the aqueous solution.
3. degradable liquid mulch film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the weight proportion umber of said degradable liquid mulch film main raw material and each component of film for additive is as follows:
100 parts of stalk boiling slurry and/or straw black liquids (folding solids content 100% butt meter)
15～20 parts of humic acidss (folding 100%)
1.5～2 parts of S-WATs (folding 100%)
4～5 parts in urea (folding 100%)
2～2.5 parts of urotropines (folding 100%)
2～3 parts of melamines (folding 100%)
1%FeSO
42 parts of the aqueous solution
30%H
2O
21 part of the aqueous solution.
4. the manufacture method of degradable liquid mulch film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that reactions steps is as follows: add humic acids in main raw material stalk boiling slurry and/or straw black liquid, neutralize and crosslinked, copolyreaction; In reaction solution, add S-WAT again, carry out sulfonation reaction; And then in reaction solution, add urotropine and/or melamine, and add initiator ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide, further carry out crosslinked, copolyreaction, make degradable liquid mulch film.
5. the manufacture method of degradable liquid mulch film as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that the concrete processing condition of said reactions steps are as follows:
(1) gets 100 parts in straw black liquid and/or boiling slurry (in 100% butt), under temperature 80-100 ℃ and condition of normal pressure, with 5～20 parts of humic acidss (folding 100%), under agitation, reacted 30-60 minute, in and black liquid in residual alkaline substance, crosslinked, copolyreaction takes place simultaneously;
(2) in above-mentioned reaction solution, add Na
2SO
3～2 parts 0.5 (folding 100%), stirring reaction is 30 minutes under temperature 80-100 ℃ condition, carries out sulfonation reaction;
(3) under 40-50 ℃ of condition, in above-mentioned reaction solution, add 2～5 parts in urea, urotropine and/or 0.2～5 part of melamine (folding 100%), fully stirred 15 minutes; Cool the temperature to 20-30 ℃ then, add 1%FeSO
41～2 part of the aqueous solution and 30%H
2O
20.5～1 part of the aqueous solution causes copolyreaction, and under fully stirring sustained reaction 30 minutes, a prepared even liquid product that contains the novel high polymer of tridimensional network is the finished product of degradable liquid mulch film of the present invention.
6. degradable liquid mulch film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the composition weight proportioning umber of said degradable liquid mulch film main raw material and film for additive is as follows:
100 parts of black liquids (rolling over 100% butt)
5 parts of humic acid (yellow humic acid folding 100%)
0.5 part of S-WAT (folding 100%)
2 parts in urea (folding 100%)
1.5 parts of melamines (folding 100%)
1%FeSO
41 part of the aqueous solution
30%H
2O
20.5 part of the aqueous solution.
7. degradable liquid mulch film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the composition weight proportioning umber of said degradable liquid mulch film main raw material and film for additive is as follows:
100 parts in straw boiling slurry (rolling over 100% butt)
10 parts of humic acid (black humic acid folding 100%)
1 part of S-WAT (folding 100%)
2 parts in urea (folding 100%)
1 part of urotropine (folding 100%)
1%FeSO
41.5 parts of the aqueous solution
30%H
2O
20.8 part of the aqueous solution.
8. degradable liquid mulch film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the composition weight proportioning umber of said degradable liquid mulch film main raw material and film for additive is as follows:
100 parts of black liquids (rolling over 100% butt)
15 parts of humic acid (yellow humic acid folding 100%)
2 parts of S-WATs (folding 100%)
4 parts in urea (folding 100%)
2 parts of urotropines (folding 100%)
3 parts of melamines (folding 100%)
1%FeSO
42 parts of the aqueous solution
30%H
2O
21 part of the aqueous solution.
9. degradable liquid mulch film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the composition weight proportioning umber of said degradable liquid mulch film main raw material and film for additive is as follows:
100 parts in straw boiling slurry (rolling over 100% butt)
20 parts of humic acid (black humic acid folding 100%)
1.5 parts of S-WATs (folding 100%)
5 parts in urea (folding 100%)
2.5 parts of urotropines (folding 100%)
2 parts of melamines (folding 100%)
1%FeSO
42 parts of the aqueous solution
H
2O
21 part of 30% aqueous solution
10. degradable liquid mulch film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the composition weight proportioning umber of said degradable liquid mulch film main raw material and film for additive is as follows:
100 parts of black liquids (rolling over 100% butt)
20 parts of humic acid (yellow humic acid folding 100%)
1.5 parts of S-WATs (folding 100%)
3 parts in urea (folding 100%)
2 parts of melamines (folding 100%)
1%FeSO
41 part of the aqueous solution
H
2O
20.5 part of 30% aqueous solution.
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| CN102337138A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-02-01 | 刘长福 | Biodegradable liquid mulch film produced from papermaking waste liquid, and production method thereof |
| CN102516318A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-06-27 | 山东轻工业学院 | Preparation method of lignin-based organic chelate iron fertilizer |
| WO2012088711A1 (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2012-07-05 | 大连工业大学 | Degradable plastic film and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103265385A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-08-28 | 刘好宝 | Liquid film prepared from crop straw fermentation liquid and application method thereof |
| CN104609945A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-13 | 天津北洋百川生物技术有限公司 | Novel compound microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106386028A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-02-15 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for saving water and protecting seedling of cotton in serious saline and alkaline land |
| CN106472189A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-08 | 宁夏大学 | Biofluid mulch film and its production method for industrialized agriculture Long summer cultivation |
| CN106489630A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-15 | 宁夏大学 | Degradable biological base fluid body plastic film for agricultural use and its production method |
| CN109986676A (en) * | 2019-04-06 | 2019-07-09 | 安徽凯彦达环保餐具有限公司 | A kind of production technology for the disposable lunch-box that can be degraded in a natural environment |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101323706A (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2008-12-17 | 王芝代 | Biodegradable liquid agricultural film |
-
2008
- 2008-12-25 CN CN200810249639.8A patent/CN101445731B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101323706A (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2008-12-17 | 王芝代 | Biodegradable liquid agricultural film |
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| WO2012088711A1 (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2012-07-05 | 大连工业大学 | Degradable plastic film and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102337138A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-02-01 | 刘长福 | Biodegradable liquid mulch film produced from papermaking waste liquid, and production method thereof |
| CN102516318A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-06-27 | 山东轻工业学院 | Preparation method of lignin-based organic chelate iron fertilizer |
| CN102516318B (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2014-09-03 | 山东轻工业学院 | Preparation method of lignin-based organic chelate iron fertilizer |
| CN103265385A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-08-28 | 刘好宝 | Liquid film prepared from crop straw fermentation liquid and application method thereof |
| CN104609945A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-13 | 天津北洋百川生物技术有限公司 | Novel compound microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106386028A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-02-15 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for saving water and protecting seedling of cotton in serious saline and alkaline land |
| CN106472189A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-08 | 宁夏大学 | Biofluid mulch film and its production method for industrialized agriculture Long summer cultivation |
| CN106489630A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-15 | 宁夏大学 | Degradable biological base fluid body plastic film for agricultural use and its production method |
| CN109986676A (en) * | 2019-04-06 | 2019-07-09 | 安徽凯彦达环保餐具有限公司 | A kind of production technology for the disposable lunch-box that can be degraded in a natural environment |
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