CN101443529B - 无介入的压裂系统 - Google Patents

无介入的压裂系统 Download PDF

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CN101443529B
CN101443529B CN2007800174571A CN200780017457A CN101443529B CN 101443529 B CN101443529 B CN 101443529B CN 2007800174571 A CN2007800174571 A CN 2007800174571A CN 200780017457 A CN200780017457 A CN 200780017457A CN 101443529 B CN101443529 B CN 101443529B
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plug
sliding sleeve
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sleeve
passage
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CN101443529A (zh
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D·J·默里
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Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/1208—Packers; Plugs characterised by the construction of the sealing or packing means
    • E21B33/1212—Packers; Plugs characterised by the construction of the sealing or packing means including a metal-to-metal seal element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/02—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells for locking the tools or the like in landing nipples or in recesses between adjacent sections of tubing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/063—Valve or closure with destructible element, e.g. frangible disc
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/14—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by movement of tools, e.g. sleeve valves operated by pistons or wire line tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
    • E21B2200/06—Sleeve valves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
    • E21B2200/08—Down-hole devices using materials which decompose under well-bore conditions

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract

一种系统允许对产层的各段进行顺序处理。通向每一部分的通道可以带有具有特定内部轮廓的滑动套筒(30)。可以使用具有特定轮廓的泵送塞(10)，所述特定轮廓使塞锁定到特定套筒上。在塞锁定时，塞上的压力允许套筒顺序打开，同时位于下方的已经受影响的产层被隔离。泵送塞具有最初由最终在预期的油井条件下消失的材料(44)堵住的通道。结果，当产层的所有部分被处理完时，重新形成穿过多个锁定塞的流动通路。该塞还可以在其操作之后从滑动套筒喷离，并且可以具有键，该键在后来需要磨碎塞的情况下随后防止塞在其轴上旋转。

Description

无介入的压裂系统
技术领域
本发明涉及完井技术，尤其涉及牵涉产层(zone)中的顺序处理过程的完井技术，所述产层需要周期性地堵塞流动孔以进行操作并且需要在其后清理流动孔以用于进行生产。
背景技术
一些完井方法需要以一定间隔顺序隔离相邻产层以进行比如压裂的处理。通常，产层利用封隔器(packer)隔离，并且在它们中间，存在可以选择性地打开以提供通道的滑动套筒。通常，该组件被插入到位，随后球或塞被向下泵送到底部，关闭穿过尾管(liner)底端的流动路径。施加压力，设置封隔器，从而产生多个隔离的产层。加压管状钻柱，打开最下面的滑动套筒。在处理完最下面的产层之后，球落在最下面的支座上以关闭刚被处理过的产层，作用在该首次落下的球上的压力增加，从而向上打开下一个滑动套筒。在上述处理之后，更大的球处于更大的支座上，以便关闭刚刚处理过的第二产层。重复进行该过程，在随着处理朝向地面移动时，使用一系列越来越大的支座，到所有产层被处理完为止。最后，所有支座上的球或者在从处理过的地层开始流动时漂浮到地面上，或者所有支座和分别位于所述支座上的球组件被磨碎，以便不会阻碍从处理过的产层进行后续生产。美国专利6,907,936显示了这种技术。这种技术的问题在于，在特定位置需要使用不同尺寸的支座以使隔离系统工作，而且最后即使球漂浮出来，仍会存在一些穿过最小支座的很小通道，然后，需要磨碎靠近除了一个滑动套筒之外其它所有滑动套筒的支座和球的分立步骤。
已经形成了使用分解的或以其它方式消失的塞来临时堵塞井眼的技术。在美国专利6,220,350、6,712,153和6,896,063中举例说明了这种装置。一些封隔器构造为一次性的，包括使用可降解聚合物，如在美国公开2005/0205264；2005/0205265和2005/0205266中举例说明的。一些组件包括止塞箍(landing collars)，其可以利用转位工具(shiftingtool)从起作用向不起作用的方位改变，所述转位工具还兼作操作滑动套筒的工具。美国公开2004/0238173中举例说明了这种工具。在美国专利5,660,232和5,425,424中举例说明了其他设计，这些设计通过使用射孔弹(perforating charge)形成进入地层的选择通道，所述射孔弹利用内破裂盘使套管内的塞或者压力致动的柱塞爆裂。美国专利6,769,491举例说明了用于井下工具的典型锚定组件。
本发明试图通过使塞上的轮廓与滑动套筒或短接管(nipple)上轮廓相配合来改善某些井下操作。这允许使特定塞定位在某一位置，并且绕过其他可能的坐放(landing)位置。流动路径在产层的持续时间内可以大小相同，然而，在特定顺序下可以针对不同部分进行处理。除此之外，塞在完成其用途之后重新打开流动路径以便进行进一步操作。本领域技术人员通过阅读下面出现的优选实施例的描述、附图以及限定本发明完整范围的相关部分可以更容易地理解本发明的这些和其他优点。
发明内容
一种系统允许对产层的各段进行顺序处理。通向每一部分的通道可以带有具有特定内部轮廓的滑动套筒。可以使用具有特定轮廓的泵送塞(pump down plug)，所述特定轮廓使塞锁定到特定套筒上。在塞锁定时，塞上的压力允许套筒顺序打开，同时位于下方的已经受影响的产层被隔离。泵送塞具有最初由最终在预期的油井条件下消失的材料堵住的通道。结果，当产层的所有部分被处理完时，重新形成穿过多个锁定塞的流动通路。该塞还可以在其操作之后从滑动套筒喷离，并且可以具有键，该键在后来需要磨碎塞的情况下随后防止塞在其轴上旋转。
因此，根据本发明，提供了一种完井方法，包括：
在管状钻柱内提供多个坐放位置，每一个坐放位置包括与贯通其中的开口尺寸无关的独特构造的第一半部分；
将管状钻柱定位在井眼中；
提供多个塞，所述多个塞包括与直径无关的独特构造的第二半部分，所述第二半部分与所述独特构造的第一半部分中的一个相配合；
根据每个塞和管状钻柱内对应部分的构造之间相配合的独特构造，使所述塞以特定顺序坐放。
优选地，所述方法包括：在塞坐放时，临时堵住所述管状钻柱。
优选地，所述方法包括：在所述塞内的通道中使用消失材料以临时堵住所述管状钻柱。
优选地，所述方法包括：在所述塞坐放时，给其施加压力以执行井下操作。
优选地，所述方法包括：利用井眼条件来使消失材料在执行所述井下操作之后消失。
优选地，所述方法包括：在已经坐放的塞的上方执行井下操作，同时使所述塞下方的管状钻柱与所述操作隔离，并且重复该过程直至所有塞已经坐放好。
优选地，所述方法包括：使产物穿过其中不再具有消失材料的所有塞中的通道。
优选地，所述方法包括：将独特构造的第一半部分放在多个滑动套筒上。
优选地，所述方法包括：通过坐放具有独特构造的第二半部分的预定顺序的塞来以预定顺序操作所述滑动套筒。
优选地，所述方法包括：将独特构造的第一半部分放在管状钻柱的壁中；将具有相配合的第二半部分构造的塞坐放在所述管状钻柱内，以便与套筒密封接触；使所述套筒对由于坐放与套筒密封接触的所述塞所施加的压力做出响应。
优选地，所述方法包括：使所述套筒与所述塞接合；通过给与其相应的套筒接合的所述塞加压而使所述套筒移位；将独特构造的第一半部分另外地放在管状钻柱的壁中；在所述套筒中构造所述独特构造的所述第一半部分，以便在使套筒移位之后释放所述塞；在使所述套筒移位之后，将所述塞接合到所述管状钻柱的壁内的独特构造上。
优选地，所述方法包括：将所述塞分别地从支撑位置旋转锁定在所述管状钻柱的壁的独特构造中。
优选地，所述方法包括：在所述塞坐放时将其旋转锁定。
优选地，所述方法包括：使用多个凸起之间的纵向间隔和相配合的凹陷间隔作为所述独特构造。
优选地，所述方法包括：使用至少一个凸起的纵向延伸部和至少一个凹陷的相配合延伸部作为所述独特构造。
优选地，所述方法包括：弹性地安装独特构造的所述半部分中的至少一个以允许沿径向方向挠曲。
优选地，所述方法包括：在所述塞内形成通道堵塞物，其至少部分地由作为所述消失材料的生物聚合物制成。
优选地，所述方法包括：在生物聚合物端部之间隔离至少一个水溶性金属盘；朝向彼此压缩所述端部。
优选地，所述方法包括：将生物聚合物端部之间的粒状材料隔离；使由于作用于所述生物聚合物端部中的一个上的压力而产生的应力径向分布，以便使向相对的生物聚合物端部传递的应力最小。
优选地，所述方法包括：最初将所述端部压在一起；利用井中的流体分解所述端部；通过使生产流体流动穿过由于所述分解而现在已开通的所述塞通道来去除粒状材料。
优选地，所述方法包括：使用沙、压裂支撑剂和玻璃微球中的至少一种作为所述粒状材料。
优选地，所述方法包括：在所述塞的通道中提供阻挡物；在所述塞坐放时给其施加压力以执行井下操作；在最后一个塞到位之后，磨碎来自所述塞的所述通道中的所述阻挡物；通过所述通道进行生产。
附图说明
图1是泵送塞被泵送到井下之前的剖视图；
图2是图1所示的塞，其中，在鼻塞已经消失之后穿过塞的通道开通；
图3是处于闭合位置的典型滑动套筒的剖视图；
图4是坐放在滑动套筒上的泵送塞的剖视图；
图5是图4所示的视图，其中，施加压力并且套筒移位到打开位置；
图6是一个替代实施例的剖视图，显示了闭合的滑动套筒和接收泵送塞的轮廓；
图7是图6所示的视图，其中，泵送塞被坐放以形成围绕滑动套筒的柱塞；
图8是图7所示的视图，其中，施加了使滑动套筒移位的压力；
图9是泵送塞的剖视图，显示了位于鼻部中的消失部分；
图10是图9的近视图，显示了如何将消失部分附接到泵送塞上；
图11是消失部件的一个替代设计的剖视图；
图12a-c是一个替代泵送塞设计的剖视图，显示了坐放在滑动套筒中的塞；
图13a-c是图12a-c的视图，其中，滑动套筒移位；
图14a-c是图13a-c所示的视图，其中，塞从滑动套筒松开并且保持在止塞箍上；
图15是局部剖面透视图，显示了滑动套筒和凹槽，所述凹槽在塞磨碎时保持泵送塞不转动；
图16是泵送塞的透视图，显示了凸耳，如果该塞被磨碎，所述凸耳防止转动。
具体实施方式
图1显示了一种典型的泵送塞10，所述泵送塞具有压力密封件(wiper seal)12和14以便与周围的管状结构接触，使得该泵送塞可以向下泵送。虽然显示了多个杯形密封，但是也可以使用其他类型和数量的密封。塞10具有管状本体16，该管状本体具有贯通的通道18。近端20是如果出于任何原因要把塞10打捞出来时将要使用的打捞颈22。一系列纵向槽22限定了在相对端处连接到本体16上的柔性套爪24。可替代地，还可以使用悬臂爪或任何可以使圆柱形状保持足够的强度并仍然可以挠曲的其它结构。挠曲特征允许凸起26和28在塞10向井下泵送时径向移动。尽管优选的塞10具有密封件12和14，本发明可以设想简单地使用可选的密封件来使塞10掉落。看图3，存在具有凹陷32和34的滑动套筒30，所述凹陷设计成能与塞10上的凸起26和28的形状相配合。当塞10接近滑动套筒30时，爪24挠曲以使凸起26和28在套筒30上跳起，随后在凸起28上的径向面36与凹陷32上的径向面38套合时弹入凹陷32和34中。
本领域的技术人员应当认识到，尽管两个凸起26和28显示为在塞10上以与滑动套筒30上的类似形状的凹陷相配合，但是可以有许多不同的方式来实施本发明的构思。本发明的构思是在给定塞10和给定井下位置(该位置例如为比如30的滑动套筒)之间形成独特的配合。比如，当处理长的产层时，存在多个比如30的滑动套筒，其具有比如40和42的封隔器，从而隔离出环绕的环状空间(未显示)。该思想是逐渐隔离沿井身上行的产层部分，使得位于一对封隔器之间的下一个滑动套筒可以打开以用于处理位于这两个封隔器之间的地层，而下面已经处理过的部分被隔离。
为了更好地理解这是如何发生的，再次参照图1，其中，通道18被一般称作消失材料44的物体堵住。在本申请中，词语“消失材料”旨在包含单独使用或组合使用的各种材料，所述材料在泵送操作期间保持结构的完整性，但随时间推移，当遇到无论是现存的或人为形成的井条件时，所述材料将丧失完整性并不能再堵塞通道18了，如图2所示。在消失材料44消失之后，在图2中可以看见螺纹46。所述螺纹用于最初使材料44保持到位，如图1所示。优选的材料44是响应于油井温度的生物聚合物。通常来说，当从地面泵送塞时，所用的流体和流量使塞10内的材料44保持足够的强度以抵抗所施加的泵送压力。在穿过比如30的开放套筒处理产层的特定部分之后，另一个塞坐放在下一个套筒中。这切断了所有下层塞的流动，从而允许它们与井温度达到平衡。随着时间推移，当塞坐放在另一个滑动套筒中的下层塞的上方时，下层塞中的材料44消失，从而打开穿过下层塞的通路18。
图4和5显示了如何使用塞10将套筒30从带有图4中闭合的端口48的闭合位置移到图5中的端口48开放的打开位置，所述塞10具有分别与凹陷34和32套合的凸起26和28。根据该设计，材料44持续堵塞通道18，而端口48开放，使得可以通过端口48对在两个外部封隔器40和42之间隔离的产层完成比如压裂作业。
本发明的一个方面是在图1-5所示实施例中给定塞在爪24上具有与特定滑动套筒的轮廓套合的轮廓。该构思与锁定筒(lock cylinder)中的键相关。所用的凸起和凹陷的组合可以任一种轮廓位于塞或套筒上而相配合的轮廓位于另一构件上。可以通过使凸起和相配合的凹陷具有类似的纵向长度以使它们套合来确定该套合定位。可以有一对以上的凸起和相配合的凹陷，并且它们彼此之间的间隔对于给定滑动套筒和将要配合的塞来说是唯一的。
例如，如果要使用滑动套筒A、B和C(其中，A距离地面最远)来进行压裂的话，步骤是将组件插入到位并且在A、B和C之间设置封隔器，并且还有一个设置于C上方。所有的套筒以闭合状态插入。为了压裂邻近滑动套筒A的产层，简单地将钻柱加压到打开套筒A以处理离地面最远的产层。套筒A可以是压力打开的设计。当该产层处理完时，将塞向下泵送到套筒B中并且该塞有效地隔离了刚通过滑动套筒A处理的产层。这个塞在其爪上具有仅与套筒B套合的结构。压力再次升高，套筒B打开，并且通过开放的套筒B对产层进行处理。当处理完成时，向下泵送另一个特别地构造成仅与套筒C套合的塞。压力再次升高，通过开放的滑动套筒C对产层进行处理。在进行该操作时，套筒B中的塞由于位于其上方的塞而被隔离，并且开始变热达到井温度，该塞中的材料44消失。当停止泵送滑动套筒C中的塞时，该塞的温度也升高，并且塞内的材料44消失。随后留下的是所有的套筒都开放的两个塞18内的开放通道，并且不需要下管和钻出。可以简单地生产处理过的地层。如果需要，塞可以利用颈部20打捞出来。
尽管已经描述了具有三个套筒A、B和C的步骤，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，可以使用任意数量的具有外隔离装置的套筒。套筒之间的区别仅在于它们上的轮廓对每个套筒来说是独特的，并且被向下泵送的塞具有相配合的轮廓以便按照希望的顺序适当地坐放在套筒中。在优选的自下而上的顺序中，每个相继的塞隔离已经处理过的产层，而正被隔离的塞中的材料44刚好消失。留下的是完全处理过的层段(interval)和通向整个处理过的层段的完全开放的通道，并且不需要如以前所用的钻通或磨碎球座。在优选实施例中，跨越产层的套筒可以全部具有相似的内径，在塞和套筒之间套合的独特结构将确保将类似尺寸的塞旋塞在适当的套筒上。在全部完成之后，每个塞(其材料44消失)提供通向整个处理过的层段的连续流路18。
在可选变形中，取代使用材料44的是，可以提供易于研磨的盘。虽然这种方式在所有塞就位之后需要后续的介入，但研磨应当迅速进行，只要盘本身而不是保持它们的塞被磨碎。其后，每个塞中的通道开放，产物可以流过它们全部。任何研磨剩余物可以随产物被带到地面。
虽然图1-5中的实施例与给定套筒套合，但是图6-8中的实施例与外壳54中的凹槽50和52套合。当密封60和62跨过端口58时，滑动套筒56首先覆盖端口58。凸起68首先与凹陷64套合以将套筒56保持在图6中的闭合位置。最后，当套筒56的下端70撞击肩部72时，凸起68与凹陷66套合，如图8所示。图7显示了塞74，所述塞具有与凹陷50和52完全套合的凸起76和78。由于材料80是完整的并使通道82闭合，密封84与套筒56接触，此时施加在塞74上的任何压力使套筒56移动，这是因为套筒56此时转换为柱塞。图8显示了套筒56的最终位置，其中端口58打开。
在本实施例中，给定塞具有配合在邻近套筒的外壳中的独特轮廓或结构，与图1-5的塞真正配合在套筒上情况相反，从而确保塞邻近希望的套筒坐放以将其转变为柱塞，使得施加在该塞上的压力可以迫使其移位以打开相关的端口。同样，塞使用消失材料80，该消失材料在其被在其上方锁紧的另一塞隔离之后消失。图6-8的步骤与上述的图1-5所述过程的情况相似，其主要区别在于，在图1-5中，塞真正移动套筒，在图6-8中，锁紧的塞通过柱塞作用允许压力迫使套筒打开。在其他方面，过程相似。
图9和10显示了图1-8中所用的消失材料塞44或80的一个实施例。因为材料需要一定的结构强度以抵抗类似压裂作业的泵送步骤期间的差压，该设计具有使生物聚合物86的交替层与水溶性金属盘88交替的特征。在组件中，盘88全部在内部。生物聚合物86具有相对较慢的分解速率，伴有弱抗蠕变性。盘88为快速分解的，但是其强度和抗蠕变性增加。保持套筒90与外壳94上的螺纹92接合以将组件压入用于插入的通道96中。纵向压缩在外壳94中产生了较好的圆周密封。
图11显示了这种塞的另一结构，其作为图9和10所示塞的替代方案。在此，端部部件98和100优选地为具有较慢分解速率和弱抗蠕变性的生物聚合物。夹在其间的为颗粒物质，比如，沙、压裂支撑剂或玻璃微球102。当在端部部件98或100的任一个上施加定向载荷时，施加的应力被传递给层102，并且由于粒状材料的移动，载荷在其转移到相对的端部部件之前向外移动抵靠环104，所述环104在螺纹108处固定到外壳106上。这有助于保持组件的密封完整性。如先前在图9和10所示，环104用于最初纵向挤压组件以获得更好的密封。在暴露于油井温度中足够长的时间后，端部部件分解，产物可以用于将颗粒物质输送至地面。
尽管已经将两个特定实施例描述成以特有方式来堵住消失的塞中的通道，本领域技术人员应当认识到，与消失构件的特定实施方式无关，当在本申请在此所描述的内容和本发明所覆盖的内容中使用时，本发明包括使用通过除分解之外的各种机理消失的其他组件。
现在参考图16，其显示了塞110的另一个可选特征。这里显示了具有一个或多个凸起114的前端部112，所述凸起设计成能进入在图15的剖视图中可看到的配合凹陷116中。虽然没有显示，但本领域的技术人员应当认识到，可以使用定位斜面以使其在塞110和环绕外壳118之间相互作用，从而使凸起114与凹陷116适当对准。然而，由于凸起位于柔性爪120上并且部件套合的目的是为了在塞出于任何原因而被磨碎时防止旋转，对准装置不是必需的，因为由研磨所产生的一些旋转将导致凸起114与凹陷116套合，只要它们支撑在与上方的凸起122和124的套合相同的高度上。
图12-14显示了图16中所示的塞(其中，通道126中没有显示消失材料)，所述塞用于使套筒移位，随后离开套筒并锁定在刚好位于套筒下方的本体上。在图12b中，凸起128刚好位于套筒130的底部下方，而凸起132已经与套筒130上的径向面134接合。图12c显示了此时在抗扭凸起114′和接收凹陷116′之间的偏移。在图12中，套筒130没有被移位。继续看图13b，现在使套筒130移位以使止动件136随着仍然与套筒130的径向面134接合的塞138移动。在图14b中，完全移位的套筒130不再与被泵送的塞138接合。作为替代的是，凸起128和132现在与凹陷140和142套合，而抗扭凸起114′与凹陷116′套合。本领域技术人员应当认识到，抗扭特征为可选的，不管使被泵送的塞138移动之后其保持与套筒130接合或者是如图12-14所示的离开套筒130以与外壳144套合，都可以使用该抗扭特征。
值得再次提及的是，在给定塞和给定套筒或给定井下位置之间获得特有的套合位置的所有方法属于本发明的部分。尽管凸起和凹陷已经用作带有具有其中一个或另一个的任一构件的实例，导致选定泵送塞在不同位置套合的其他组合也落入本发明范围内。套筒或坐放位置可以全部为相同直径，但是使它们具有独特之处的是与特定塞套合的性能，所述特定塞具有与该套筒套合的轮廓。
本发明的另一方面在于使用如美国专利6,907,936中所述的逐渐增大的支座，而不是制造由消失材料制成的堵塞构件，使得当所有产层被处理时，所有支座被重新打开。虽然本实施例具有缺陷，即在没有研磨的情况下存在尺寸不同的井堵塞物，但是它保持了上述专利中的方法的优点，因为可以不用磨碎支座上的球就开始生产。
在另一技术中，具有独特轮廓的多个短接管可以放入钻柱中。支撑射孔枪的泵送塞可以输送至与特定短接管轮廓套合，因此，位于正被支撑的塞上方的适当位置压力处的套合可以使射孔枪开火。这样，可以按照特定的顺序对层段进行射孔，并且已经射孔的层段可以在层段的其它部分被穿孔时被隔离。
在另一个实施例中，如美国专利5,660,232中描述的具有打通通向地层的通道的炸药的滑动套筒可以选择地与如上所述的与分立的套筒套合的泵送塞一起操作，从而以希望的顺序打通通向地层的通道。该技术还可以被转用成与如美国专利5,425,424中所述的伸缩柱塞组合使用的滑动套筒，以便使用如上所述的方法按照希望的顺序使它们选择地移位。
上文描述了示例性的优选实施例，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，本领域技术人员可以进行许多改进。

Claims (22)

1.一种完井方法，包括：
在管状钻柱内提供多个坐放位置，每一个坐放位置包括与贯通其中的开口尺寸无关的独特构造的第一半部分；
将管状钻柱定位在井眼中；
提供多个塞，所述多个塞包括与直径无关的独特构造的第二半部分，所述第二半部分与所述独特构造的第一半部分中的一个相配合；
根据每个塞和管状钻柱内对应部分的构造之间相配合的独特构造，使所述塞以特定顺序坐放。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，包括：
在塞坐放时，临时堵住所述管状钻柱。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，包括：
在所述塞内的通道中使用消失材料以临时堵住所述管状钻柱。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，包括：
在所述塞坐放时，给其施加压力以执行井下操作。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，包括：
利用井眼条件来使消失材料在执行所述井下操作之后消失。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，包括：
在已经坐放的塞的上方执行井下操作，同时使所述塞下方的管状钻柱与所述操作隔离，并且重复该过程直至所有塞已经坐放好。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，包括：
使产物穿过其中不再具有消失材料的所有塞中的通道。
8.如权利要求4所述的方法，包括：
将独特构造的第一半部分放在多个滑动套筒上。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，包括：
通过坐放具有独特构造的第二半部分的预定顺序的塞来以预定顺序操作所述滑动套筒。
10.如权利要求4所述的方法，包括：
将独特构造的第一半部分放在管状钻柱的壁中；
将具有相配合的第二半部分构造的塞坐放在所述管状钻柱内，以便与滑动套筒密封接触；
使所述滑动套筒对由于坐放与滑动套筒密封接触的所述塞所施加的压力做出响应。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法，包括：
使所述滑动套筒与所述塞接合；
通过给与其相应的滑动套筒接合的所述塞加压而使所述滑动套筒移位；
将独特构造的第一半部分另外地放在管状钻柱的壁中；
在所述滑动套筒中构造所述独特构造的所述第一半部分，以便在使滑动套筒移位之后释放所述塞；
在使所述滑动套筒移位之后，将所述塞接合到所述管状钻柱的壁内的独特构造上。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，包括：
将所述塞分别地从支撑位置旋转锁定在所述管状钻柱的壁的独特构造中。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法，包括：
在所述塞坐放时将其旋转锁定。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法，包括：
使用多个凸起之间的纵向间隔和相配合的凹陷间隔作为所述独特构造。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法，包括：
使用至少一个凸起的纵向延伸部和至少一个凹陷的相配合延伸部作为所述独特构造。
16.如权利要求1所述的方法，包括：
弹性地安装独特构造的所述半部分中的至少一个以允许沿径向方向挠曲。
17.如权利要求3所述的方法，包括：
在所述塞内形成通道堵塞物，其至少部分地由作为所述消失材料的生物聚合物制成。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，包括：
在生物聚合物端部之间隔离至少一个水溶性金属盘；
朝向彼此压缩所述端部。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法，包括：
将生物聚合物端部之间的粒状材料隔离；
使由于作用于所述生物聚合物端部中的一个上的压力而产生的应力径向分布，以便使向相对的生物聚合物端部传递的应力最小。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法，包括：
最初将所述端部压在一起；
利用井中的流体分解所述端部；
通过使生产流体流动穿过由于所述分解而现在已开通的所述塞通道来去除粒状材料。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法，包括：
使用沙、压裂支撑剂和玻璃微球中的至少一种作为所述粒状材料。
22.如权利要求2所述的方法，包括：
在所述塞的通道中提供阻挡物；
在所述塞坐放时给其施加压力以执行井下操作；
在最后一个塞到位之后，磨碎来自所述塞的所述通道中的所述阻挡物；
通过所述通道进行生产。
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US20070221384A1 (en) 2007-09-27
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US20070261862A1 (en) 2007-11-15
US7395856B2 (en) 2008-07-08
US7552779B2 (en) 2009-06-30
EA013495B1 (ru) 2010-04-30
DE602007002700D1 (en) 2009-11-19
US7325617B2 (en) 2008-02-05
NO20084051L (no) 2008-10-16
US20070221373A1 (en) 2007-09-27
AU2007230749B2 (en) 2011-08-04
CN101443529A (zh) 2009-05-27
CA2646705C (en) 2011-05-17
AU2007230749A1 (en) 2007-10-04
DK1999337T3 (da) 2010-01-25
WO2007112211A1 (en) 2007-10-04
EA200801941A1 (ru) 2009-04-28
EP1999337B1 (en) 2009-10-07

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