CN101440784B - Downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus and power generation or liquid pumping method - Google Patents
Downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus and power generation or liquid pumping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101440784B CN101440784B CN2007101446518A CN200710144651A CN101440784B CN 101440784 B CN101440784 B CN 101440784B CN 2007101446518 A CN2007101446518 A CN 2007101446518A CN 200710144651 A CN200710144651 A CN 200710144651A CN 101440784 B CN101440784 B CN 101440784B
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- heat
- drive apparatus
- geothermal energy
- pneumatic linear
- linear actuator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
- F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
- F24T10/10—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
- F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
- F24T10/40—Geothermal collectors operated without external energy sources, e.g. using thermosiphonic circulation or heat pipes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
Abstract
The invention discloses an underground geothermal energy steam driving device and a method thereof for generating electricity or pumping liquid, which is a device for utilizing heat energy in a medium-high temperature layer at earth deep position to drive, and can be used for generating electricity or pumping liquid. The device comprises a heat removal evaporator, an automatic reversing valve, a pneumatic linear actuator, a driving cavity and a heat exchanger, wherein the heat removal evaporator is arranged on the bottom of a well and is communicated with the automatic reversing valve; a gas inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe are arranged between the automatic reversing valve and the pneumatic linear actuator; a driving rod of the pneumatic linear actuator extends into the driving cavity; a steam exhaust pipe is arranged between the automatic reversing valve and the heat exchanger; and a condensing reflux thermal insulating vacuum pipe is arranged between the heat removal evaporator and the heat exchanger. The device is directly applied to the underground, does not need to guide geothermy to the ground, and has no heat loss, low manufacture cost and no pollution. The device and the method can realize generation with lower cost, have little investment and wide applicable range, are suitable for wide area of which the altitude is below 500 meters, and provide novel technology and a novel method for changing the energy supply mode.
Description
Technical field: what the present invention relates to is to utilize the heat energy of heat zone in the earth self depths to carry out device driven, and what be specifically related to is the method for downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus and generating or drawing liquid.
Background technique:
Traditional drive unit all is at the earth's surface, utilizes coal, petroleum gas, water potential energy, geothermal power etc., and transformation of energy is done work.Wherein utilize the drive unit of coal, petroleum gas mostly to be ground thermal power generation, coal, petroleum gas are burned, and toxic emission is in atmosphere, and fuel has produced superheated vapor, steam generates electricity by the steam turbine generation machine, and is cooled when loop ends.But only some is converted to steam heat to the heat of whole process fuel combustion, and energy loses by the consumption of combustion process greatly, and according to primary Calculation, the whole efficient of crossing has reduced about 40%; Utilize the drive unit of water potential energy generating usually to be subjected to conditionality; The existing drive unit that utilizes geothermal power generation, mostly be that underground heat is guided to ground by well, this well will get into the enough dark degree of depth, so that can utilize the heat in the earth's crust to make water or other liquid evaporation obtain steam, steam promotes steam turbine again and does work and generate electricity, but when delivering to ground owing to steam, lose heat greatly, so must be with a large amount of delivery of steam to ground so that send enough electric power, the result is only limited to the geothermal spring zone that has now found that, and the rate of fault height, and Applicable scope is little, maintenance cost is very expensive, the development of restriction geothermal energy technology.
Summary of the invention: the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus, this downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus can solve former need be with steam drive apparatus with a large amount of delivery of steam to ground, the problem that the energy loss that causes is big, Applicable scope is little, expense is expensive, the present invention simultaneously also provides the method for this downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus generating or drawing liquid.
The present invention is achieved in that this downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus well inside of packing into, directly in underground activities, it comprises heat-obtaining vaporizer, automatic diverter valve, pneumatic linear actuator, actuator chamber, heat exchanger, the heat-obtaining vaporizer is installed in the bottom of well, heat-obtaining vaporizer and automatic diverter valve UNICOM, between automatic diverter valve and pneumatic linear actuator air inlet and exhaust piper is installed, the driveshaft of pneumatic linear actuator stretches into actuator chamber; Between automatic diverter valve and the heat exchanger steam exhaust pipe is installed, condensing reflux thermal insulation vacuum tube is installed between heat-obtaining vaporizer and the heat exchanger.
Generator is installed, by driveshaft or liquid motor driven generator operation in the actuator chamber in the such scheme.
Liquid pump is installed in the actuator chamber in the such scheme, and the plunger that is driven liquid pump by driveshaft carries out imbibition activity up and down.
Further scheme is that heat exchanger links to each other with radiator by Circulation pipe, and the circulation driven pump is installed on the Circulation pipe, and radiator is installed in the underground low temperature place.
The generating of above-mentioned downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus or the method for drawing liquid, utilize the liquid medium in the high temperature heat heating heat-obtaining vaporizer in the depths, stratum, make it to produce vapor pressure, vapor pressure enters pneumatic linear actuator by automatically moving selector valve, promote patch to-and-fro motion in cylinder body, driveshaft promotes motor or liquid pump running again, generate electricity or pumping liquid, the gas of discharging in the cylinder block is by connecting the outlet pipe of selector valve, enter heat exchanger and cryogenic media and carry out heat exchange, the liquid return that forms after the heat exchange carries out next recirculation to the heat-obtaining vaporizer.
The method of the generating of above-mentioned downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus is applied to electric smelting, electroforming iron, electrolysis hydrogen, civilian.
The method of above-mentioned downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus drawing liquid is applied to recover the oil in the oil field, draw water.
Beneficial effect: the present invention pack into inner pushing generator of well or liquid pump work, generate electricity or pumping liquid, owing to directly in underground activities, need not underground heat is guided to ground, do not have the loss of heat, make the cost of this device low, pollution-free, the output energy is big, and all right drawing liquid that not only can generate electricity can be realized the lower cost generating or adopt liquid, operating cost is low, generated energy is big, little investment, applied widely, is applicable to the broad regions of height above sea level below 500 meters; The generating of while downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus provided by the invention or the method for drawing liquid, for a change the energy resource supply mode provides a new technology, new method.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of first kind of mode of execution of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of second kind of mode of execution of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the 4th kind of mode of execution of the present invention.
Among the figure: 15 linear electric generators, 16 oil extraction pumps, 17 driveshafts, 18 patches, 19 rotary generators, the 20 liquid motors of 1 heat-obtaining vaporizer, 2 automatic diverter valves, 3 pneumatic linear actuators, 4 actuator chambers, 5 heat exchangers, 6 wells, 7 air inlet and exhaust pipers, 8 steam exhaust steam pipes, 9 condensing reflux thermal insulation vacuum tubes, 10 waste pipes, 11 return pipes, 12 circulation driven pumps, 13 radiators, 14 ground
Embodiment:
The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention, Fig. 2 is the structural representation of first kind of mode of execution of the present invention, as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, this downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus comprises heat-obtaining vaporizer 1, automatic diverter valve 2, pneumatic linear actuator 3, actuator chamber 4, heat exchanger 5, well 6 in the present embodiment is a geothermal well, be installed in ground 14 times, pit shaft is made by metal sleeve, well depth is a standard can obtain underground heat, heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 is installed in the bottom of well 6, liquid in the heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 is the free from corrosion liquid of volatile low boiling, it in the present embodiment ether, heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 passes through steam cross over pipe UNICOM with automatic diverter valve 2, and 3 of automatic diverter valve 2 and pneumatic linear actuators are installed into, outlet pipe 7, pneumatic linear actuator 3 is multistage pneumatic linear actuator, the driveshaft 17 of pneumatic linear actuator 3 stretches into actuator chamber 4, linear electric generator 15 is installed in the actuator chamber 4, is driven linear electric generator 15 runnings, produce electric energy by driveshaft 17; Steam exhaust pipe 8 is installed between automatic diverter valve 2 and the heat exchanger 5, the gas of discharging in the cylinder block is by connecting the steam exhaust pipe 8 of automatic diverter valve 2, enter heat exchanger 5 and carry out heat exchange with cryogenic media, condensing reflux thermal insulation vacuum tube 9 is installed between heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 and the heat exchanger 5, the cold liquid aether backflow that forms after heat exchanger 5 heat exchanges circulates to heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 next time.Heat exchanger 5 links to each other with radiator 3 with return pipe 11 by waste pipe 10, radiator 3 is a radiating fin in the present embodiment, circulation driven pump 12 is installed on the waste pipe 10, linear electric generator 15 is powered to motor, 12 work of driven by motor circulation driven pump, radiating fin is installed in the cryosphere at the following 3-200 rice of shallow layer surface, and the medium in the radiating fin is a water.
The electricity-generating method of this downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus, utilize the low-boiling point liquid medium of 1 li in the heating of high temperature heat in the depths, stratum heat-obtaining vaporizer, as ether, make it to produce vapor pressure, vapor pressure enters pneumatic linear actuator 3 by automatically moving selector valve 2, promote patch 18 to-and-fro motion in cylinder body, driveshaft 17 promotes linear electric generator 15 runnings again, generate electricity, the gas of discharging in the cylinder block is by connecting the steam exhaust pipe 8 of automatic diverter valve 2, enter heat exchanger 5 and carry out heat exchange with cryogenic media water, the liquid aether backflow that forms after the heat exchange is carried out next recirculation to heat-obtaining vaporizer 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of second kind of mode of execution of the present invention, as shown in the figure, this downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus comprises heat-obtaining vaporizer 1, automatic diverter valve 2, pneumatic linear actuator 3, actuator chamber 4, heat exchanger 5, well 6 in the present embodiment is an oil well, pit shaft is made by metal sleeve, heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 is installed in the bottom of well 6, heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 and automatic diverter valve 2 UNICOMs, 3 of automatic diverter valve 2 and pneumatic linear actuators are installed into, outlet pipe 7, pneumatic linear actuator 3 is multistage pneumatic linear actuator, the driveshaft 17 of pneumatic linear actuator 3 stretches into actuator chamber 4, and oil extraction pump 16 is installed in the actuator chamber 4, drives oil extraction pump 16 runnings by driveshaft 17; Steam exhaust pipe 8 is installed between automatic diverter valve 2 and the heat exchanger 5, condensing reflux thermal insulation vacuum tube 9 is installed between heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 and the heat exchanger 5.Heat exchanger 5 links to each other with radiator 3 with return pipe 11 by waste pipe 10, radiator 3 is a heat dissipating pipe in the present embodiment, circulation driven pump 12 is installed on the waste pipe 10, circulation driven pump 12 drives 20 runnings of liquid motor by oil extraction pump 16 drains, liquid motor 20 drives 12 runnings of circulation driven pump, heat dissipating pipe is installed in the cryosphere at following 4 meters of shallow layer surface, and the medium in the heat dissipating pipe is a water.
The method of the oil pumping of this downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus, utilize the liquid medium ether of 1 li in the heating of high temperature heat in the depths, stratum heat-obtaining vaporizer, make it to produce vapor pressure, vapor pressure enters pneumatic linear actuator 3 by automatic diverter valve 2, promote patch to-and-fro motion in cylinder body, driveshaft 17 promotes liquid pump 16 runnings again, aspirate oil product, the gas ether of discharging in the cylinder block is by connecting the steam exhaust pipe 8 of automatic diverter valve 2, enter heat exchanger 5 and carry out heat exchange with cryogenic media, the ether liquid that forms after the heat exchange is back to heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 and carries out next recirculation.
In the third mode of execution of the present invention, well 6 is a well, pit shaft is formed by concrete prefabricated, for rectangular shape, heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 is installed in the bottom of well, heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 and automatic diverter valve 2 UNICOMs, 3 of automatic diverter valve 2 and pneumatic linear actuators are installed air inlet and exhaust piper 7, and pneumatic linear actuator 3 is the single-stage pneumatic linear actuator, and the driveshaft 17 of pneumatic linear actuator 3 stretches into actuator chamber 4, suction pump is installed in the actuator chamber 4, is driven the suction pump running by driveshaft 17; Steam exhaust pipe 8 is installed between automatic diverter valve 2 and the heat exchanger 5, condensing reflux thermal insulation vacuum tube 9 is installed between heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 and the heat exchanger 5.Heat exchanger 5 links to each other with cooling water tank by Circulation pipe, and circulation driven pump 12 is installed on the Circulation pipe, and circulation driven pump 12 is driven by the suction pump drain.Cooling water tank is installed in the cryosphere at following 200 meters of shallow layer surface, and the medium in the cooling water tank is a water.
The method of drawing water of this downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus, utilize the low-boiling point liquid medium ether of 1 li in the heating of high temperature heat in the depths, stratum heat-obtaining vaporizer, make it to produce vapor pressure, vapor pressure enters pneumatic linear actuator 3 by automatic diverter valve 2, promote patch to-and-fro motion in cylinder body, driveshaft 17 promotes the suction pump running again, draw water, the gas ether of discharging in the cylinder block is by connecting the steam exhaust pipe 8 of automatic diverter valve 2, enter heat exchanger 5 and carry out heat exchange with cryogenic media, the ether liquid that forms after the heat exchange is back to heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 and carries out next recirculation.
In the 4th kind of mode of execution of the present invention, well 6 is the oil gas well, pit shaft is made by metal sleeve, heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 is installed in the bottom of well 6, heat-obtaining vaporizer 1 passes through steam cross over pipe UNICOM with automatic diverter valve 2,3 of automatic diverter valve 2 and pneumatic linear actuators are installed into, outlet pipe 7, pneumatic linear actuator 3 is multistage pneumatic linear actuator, the driveshaft of pneumatic linear actuator 3 stretches into actuator chamber 4, rotary generator 19 is installed in the actuator chamber 4, turn round by liquid motor 20 rotary driving generators 19 by driveshaft 17, produce electric energy, rotary generator 19 is to the motor power supply simultaneously, and driven by motor circulation driven pump 12 is worked, radiating fin is installed in the cryosphere at following 100 meters of shallow layer surface, and the medium in the radiating fin is a water.Other structure is identical with first kind of mode of execution.
Well 6 among the present invention can also be by concrete prefabricated one-tenth drum.
Air inlet and exhaust piper 7 is installed between automatic diverter valve among the present invention and pneumatic linear actuator can also be installed in driveshaft 17 and the patch 18, be implemented in pneumatic linear actuator 3 inside and finish intake and exhaust.
The present invention need not underground heat is guided to ground because directly in underground activities, does not have the loss of heat, makes that the cost of this device is low, pollution-free, and the output energy is big, and not only can generate electricity can also drawing liquid, can realize the lower cost generating or adopt liquid.
Claims (10)
1. downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus, it is characterized in that: this downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus well inside of packing into, directly in underground activities, it comprises heat-obtaining vaporizer (1), automatic diverter valve (2), pneumatic linear actuator (3), actuator chamber (4), heat exchanger (5), heat-obtaining vaporizer (1) is installed in the bottom of well (6), heat-obtaining vaporizer (1) and automatic diverter valve (2) UNICOM, between automatic diverter valve (2) and pneumatic linear actuator (3) air inlet and exhaust piper (7) is installed, the driveshaft (17) of pneumatic linear actuator (3) stretches into actuator chamber (4); Between automatic diverter valve (2) and the heat exchanger (5) steam exhaust pipe (8) is installed, condensing reflux thermal insulation vacuum tube (9) is installed between heat-obtaining vaporizer (1) and the heat exchanger (5).
2. downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: generator is installed in the described actuator chamber (4), is driven generator operation by driveshaft (17) or liquid motor (20).
3. downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: liquid pump (16) is installed in the described actuator chamber (4), is driven the plunger upward and downward of liquid pump (16) by driveshaft (17).
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus, it is characterized in that: described heat exchanger (5) links to each other with radiator (13) by Circulation pipe, and circulation driven pump (12) is installed on the Circulation pipe, and radiator (13) is installed in underground.
5. downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described radiator (13) is installed in the cryosphere at the following 3-200 rice of shallow layer surface.
6. downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described pneumatic linear actuator (3) is single-stage cylinder or multistage cylinder, and the air inlet and exhaust piper between automatic diverter valve and pneumatic linear actuator (7) is installed in driveshaft (17) and the patch (18); Described radiator (13) is radiating fin or heat dissipating pipe; Described well (6) is made by metal sleeve, or by concrete prefabricated one-tenth.
7. downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus is used in oil gas well or well or the geothermal well.
8. electricity-generating method that adopts the described downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the liquid medium that utilizes high temperature heat heating heat-obtaining vaporizer (1) lining in the depths, stratum, make it to produce vapor pressure, vapor pressure enters pneumatic linear actuator (3) by automatic diverter valve (2), promote patch to-and-fro motion in cylinder body, driveshaft (17) promotes engine running again, generate electricity, the gas of discharging in the cylinder block is by connecting the steam exhaust pipe (8) of automatic diverter valve (2), enter heat exchanger (5) and carry out heat exchange with cryogenic media, the liquid return that forms after the heat exchange carries out next recirculation to heat-obtaining vaporizer (1).
9. liquid pumping method that adopts the described downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the liquid medium that utilizes high temperature heat heating heat-obtaining vaporizer (1) lining in the depths, stratum, make it to produce vapor pressure, vapor pressure enters pneumatic linear actuator (3) by automatic diverter valve (2), promote patch to-and-fro motion in cylinder body, driveshaft (17) promotes liquid pump (16) running again, carry out pumping liquid, the gas of discharging in the cylinder block is by connecting the steam exhaust pipe (8) of automatic diverter valve (2), enter heat exchanger (5) and carry out heat exchange with cryogenic media, the liquid return that forms after the heat exchange carries out next recirculation to heat-obtaining vaporizer (1).
10. the electricity-generating method of downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: this method is applied to electric smelting, electroforming iron, electrolysis hydrogen, civilian.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007101446518A CN101440784B (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2007-11-19 | Downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus and power generation or liquid pumping method |
| PCT/CN2008/072178 WO2009065316A1 (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2008-08-27 | A downhole geothermal steam driving device and a genrating electricity and pumping liquid method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007101446518A CN101440784B (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2007-11-19 | Downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus and power generation or liquid pumping method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101440784A CN101440784A (en) | 2009-05-27 |
| CN101440784B true CN101440784B (en) | 2011-05-11 |
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| CN2007101446518A Active CN101440784B (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2007-11-19 | Downhole geothermal energy steam drive apparatus and power generation or liquid pumping method |
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| CN (1) | CN101440784B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009065316A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101956679B (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2014-04-09 | 龚智勇 | Geothermal-energy or solar-energy temperature-differential engine device as well as electricity generating method and application thereof |
| CN101892964B (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-09-05 | 龚智勇 | Cycling hot-dry-rock generating method and device by using gravity vacuum auxiliary heat pipe in myriameter single-deep-well |
| CN106545322B (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2019-05-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | The crowded liquid preprocess method of SAGD pit shaft |
| CN106322835A (en) * | 2016-10-22 | 2017-01-11 | 王作韬 | Heating system by utilizing shallow layer geothermal energy in severe cold area |
| CN110360070A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-10-22 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of underground underground heat turbine electricity generation system |
| CN109210809B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2023-07-21 | 河北工程大学 | Device for extracting and utilizing geothermal energy |
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| CN2361837Y (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2000-02-02 | 武新民 | Energy-saving steam engine using low heat energy |
| CN2379604Y (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2000-05-24 | 武新民 | Energy saving steam engine utilizing low temp. heat |
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| US4930316A (en) * | 1988-07-11 | 1990-06-05 | Magma Power Company | Geothermal plant noncondensable gas removal and heat recovery system and method |
| CN101078342A (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2007-11-28 | 龚智勇 | Geothermal steam drive oil extraction method and device |
| CN201057036Y (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2008-05-07 | 龚智勇 | Geothermal vapor driven oil production device |
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- 2007-11-19 CN CN2007101446518A patent/CN101440784B/en active Active
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- 2008-08-27 WO PCT/CN2008/072178 patent/WO2009065316A1/en active Application Filing
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| CN2361837Y (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2000-02-02 | 武新民 | Energy-saving steam engine using low heat energy |
| CN2379604Y (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2000-05-24 | 武新民 | Energy saving steam engine utilizing low temp. heat |
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| 周大吉.地热发电概述.电力勘测设计 3.2003,(3),1-6. |
| 周大吉.地热发电概述.电力勘测设计 3.2003,(3),1-6. * |
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| WO2009065316A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
| CN101440784A (en) | 2009-05-27 |
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