CN101434054A - Processing method for realizing error compensation of abrasion wheel - Google Patents
Processing method for realizing error compensation of abrasion wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN101434054A CN101434054A CNA2008100724281A CN200810072428A CN101434054A CN 101434054 A CN101434054 A CN 101434054A CN A2008100724281 A CNA2008100724281 A CN A2008100724281A CN 200810072428 A CN200810072428 A CN 200810072428A CN 101434054 A CN101434054 A CN 101434054A
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Abstract
The invention provides a processing method for realizing grinding wheel error compensation, and relates to a method for grinding the grinding wheel. The processing method for realizing grinding wheel error compensation comprises the following steps: determining a cup-shaped wheel dresser as a processing tool to shape the grinding wheel; carrying out online finishing on a diamond arc grinding wheel by the cup-shaped wheel dresser; designing a grinding wheel finishing system; carrying out online measurement on the grinding wheel by the grinding wheel finishing system; processing data obtained through measurement by methods of radius restricted initial data filtering and radius least squares fit, so as to obtain a compensation control point; and programming and generating an NC program, and controlling the operation of processing equipment, thereby completing the processing compensation for grinding wheel error.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grinding processing method of emery wheel, especially relate to a kind of processing method that realizes error compensation of abrasion wheel.
Background technology
In high-accuracy grinding, particularly in the grinding of skive to fragile material, because the influence of the form accuracy of emery wheel, dimensional accuracy etc., actual processing can't be carried out according to desirable Processing Curve fully, in order to improve precision, must compensate processing, therefore must at first measure the grinding wheel shape error before the processing, select suitable grinding wheel radius, and work in-process carries out suitable wheel face form error compensation.
Guo Yinbiao etc. (Guo Yinbiao, Huang Yuanqing, Tian Bo etc. non-axisymmetric aspheric surface parallel grinding and cutting Research on error compensation technology. mechanical engineering journal, 2002,38 (5): 118-121) reported the research of relevant non-axisymmetric aspheric surface parallel grinding and cutting Error Compensation Technology.Guo Yinbiao etc. (Guo Yinbiao, Yang Jidong, Liang Xichang etc. the compensation technique research in the axisymmetric aspheric surface Mould Machining. Chinese mechanical engineering, 2000,10 (4): 415-417) also reported Study on Compensation Technique in the relevant axisymmetric aspheric surface Mould Machining.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing method that realizes error compensation of abrasion wheel.
The present invention includes following steps:
1) determines that cup type grinding wheel trimming device as the machining tool that emery wheel is carried out correction of the flank shape, carries out online finishing with cup type grinding wheel trimming device to the diamond arc diamond wheel;
2) the crushing system is designed;
3) utilize the crushing system that emery wheel is carried out on-line measurement;
4) handle the data of measuring gained with the method for the filtering of radius constraint initial data, radius least square fitting, draw compensation control point;
5) programming and generation NC program, the processing compensation of grinding wheel error is finished in the operation of control process equipment.
In step 2) in, described crushing system designs and is: finishing requires design crushing system according to resinoid bond diamond arc diamond wheel, and the crushing system is provided with and can realizes trimming wheel main shaft, buncher, driving belt, pedestal and the speed-regulating control device of finely tuning.Dresser preferably adopts cup emery wheel trimmer with angle, and the inclination angle is preferably 10 °.
In step 3), skive is carried out on-line measurement can adopt following method.
At machining tool is the movement characteristic of three linear axis, adopts the movement locus of similar three coordinate measuring machine, and sensor vertically is installed on the work stage, oppositely measures the grinding wheel shape error.
When described sensor adopts touch sensor, adopt during measurement and mention the metering system that puts down again, the wheel face point is extended to the gauge head central point, the grinding wheel radius value of match gained deducts the gauge head radius value; When described sensor adopted noncontacting proximity sensor, sensor was contactless with the measurement surface, and current measurement tiny area must can be represented in definite measured position in measurement.
The sensor measurement track of described reverse measurement grinding wheel shape error is: measure several representational cross sections at emery wheel, choosing of cross section can adopt equal angles to choose, and also can adopt the artificial visually examine to choose; And on selected cross section, arbitrarily measure several points, and note the relative coordinate between these points, carry out data by measuring system at last and handle the data of surveying.
Software design of the present invention can be programmed according to the algorithm of error compensation, generates the NC program, the grinding wheel movement in the actual processing of control, thus realize compensation of error.
Because the present invention adopts the online dressing technique finishing of emery wheel arc diamond wheel, and design machining tool on-line detecting system, propose the corresponding data Processing Algorithm, therefore realized the compensation of emery wheel on-line measurement and form error, have measure convenient, need not strict equal angles measure, need not be to advantage such as zero.In addition, adopt radius constraint filtering method, the fitting precision height.Provable by a series of experiment:
(1) the online conditioning system of skive has been realized the online finishing of the high accuracy of flat-faced wheel and arc diamond wheel, improves the control of machining tool precision greatly.
(2) the skive on-line detecting system can select different sensors to measure according to different measurement environment, can effectively measure the current optimum radius of arc diamond wheel, and carry out error compensation of abrasion wheel, can further improve machining accuracy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the cup type grinding wheel trimming device of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the finishing motion principle of the embodiment of the invention.In Fig. 2, each code name is respectively 21 grinding wheel spindles, 22 cup emery wheels, 23 circular arc skives; A is a direction of rotation, and B is the incision direction of feed, and C is a swaying direction, and O is an oscillation center.
Fig. 3 is the emery wheel on-line measurement schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
Following examples will the present invention is further illustrated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The flow process of the processing method of realization error compensation of abrasion wheel is as follows:
At first, study the finishing mode of several skives commonly used, contrast the indexs such as form accuracy, surface roughness and dressing efficiency that various finishing modes can reach, determine to use cup type grinding wheel trimming device that emery wheel is carried out correction of the flank shape; Then finish design to the monolithic finish system; Utilize this conditioning system that emery wheel is carried out on-line measurement then; Handle the data of measuring gained with the method for the filtering of radius constraint initial data, radius least square fitting again, draw compensation control point; Generate the NC program according to above-mentioned principle programming at last, the processing compensation of grinding wheel error is finished in the operation of control process equipment.
Main process equipment comprises high-accuracy grinding machine, cup type grinding wheel trimming device and high accuracy displacement sensor etc.
Step 1: the diamond arc diamond wheel is carried out online finishing with cup-shaped grinding wheel dressing device
1, method for trimming is selected
Skive is as the critical component of grinding, and except itself material and structure, the method for trimming of its finished surface also is the key factor that influences the wheel grinding performance.By comparison to several diamond grinding wheel dressing modes commonly used, can obtain: for circular arc skive with high-precision requirement, adopt cup type grinding wheel trimming device because to the cement effect, the emery wheel state of the abrasive grain of better preserve, and correction of the flank shape preferably, dressing effect arranged, be more satisfactory working method, its combination property the best.
2, conditioning system design
According to resinoid bond diamond arc diamond wheel finishing requirement, design crushing system.Fig. 1 provides the structural representation of the cup type grinding wheel trimming device of the embodiment of the invention, and critical piece has: the trimming wheel main shaft 1 that can realize finely tuning, buncher 2, driving belt, pedestal 3, speed-regulating control device 4 etc.It is simple in structure easy to adjust, and the finishing dead-center position can intuitively be determined.
The movement relation that the crushing system carries out correction of the flank shape to the circular arc skive as shown in Figure 2.In the dressing process, emery wheel provides reciprocal longitudinal feed campaign (trimmer is fixed on the workbench, and in fact this motion is that workbench provides), swing and self rotatablely move, and the diamond arc diamond wheel is rotated motion and feed motion.The finishing motion mode of sphere emery wheel is identical with arc diamond wheel.Adopting this cup type grinding wheel trimming device that the circular arc skive is carried out correction of the flank shape is a kind of track manufacturing process, the abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc form accuracy that is easy to get higher.
But owing to become horizontally disposed between correction of the flank shape emery wheel and the skive, the contact arc length between correction of the flank shape emery wheel and the skive is shorter, and the wheel face error is circular-arc distribution after the correction of the flank shape.Therefore, increase the contact arc length between correction of the flank shape emery wheel and the skive as far as possible, make after the correction of the flank shape wheel face error be oval arcuation and distribute.In order to reach maximum contact arc length, and guarantee that trimmer correction of the flank shape emery wheel and skive do not interfere, can use cup emery wheel trimmer with angle, the inclination angle of trimmer correction of the flank shape emery wheel is set at 10 ° usually.
Step 2: skive is carried out on-line measurement
Introduce new error in the emery wheel installation process, improve machining accuracy, the measuring process medium plain emery wheel does not take off.At machining tool is the movement characteristic of three linear axis, adopts the movement locus of similar three coordinate measuring machine, and sensor vertically is installed on the work stage, oppositely measures the grinding wheel shape error.
As shown in Figure 3, this detection system adopts the metering system of general displacement sensor, batch (-type) collection to carry out on-line measurement.In measurement, displacement transducer 32 is installed on the workbench 33,31 feedings of control emery wheel, holding position displacement sensor 32 readings are positioned at certain best measurement position all the time, and survey measurements is obtained by reading in the numerical control device 36, and wherein the signal gathered of displacement transducer 32 is delivered to numerical control device 36 through A/D converter 34, industrial computer 35.
When system adopts touch sensor, must adopt during measurement and mention the metering system that puts down again, and can not directly on the measurement surface, move, to prevent the gauge head wearing and tearing.And because the point that records is a gauge head centre coordinate value, so the wheel face point is extended to the gauge head central point when measuring, so the grinding wheel radius value of match gained should deduct the gauge head radius value.And as adopting noncontacting proximity sensor, sensor is contactless with the measurement surface, need not consider wear problem, but because the emery wheel chief component is characteristics such as abrasive particle and bond, the surface is comparatively coarse, must determine that in measurement measured position must can represent current measurement tiny area.
The sensor measurement track is: measure several representational cross sections at emery wheel, choosing of cross section can adopt equal angles to choose, and also can adopt the artificial visually examine to choose; And on selected cross section, arbitrarily measure several points, note the relative coordinate between these points.Carry out data by measuring system at last and handle the data of surveying, this measuring method need not strict equal angles measures, need record the relative coordinate of measurement point, need not be to zero, and simple and convenient with respect to traditional roundness measurement.
Step 3: data are handled, and calculate the emery wheel control point.
According to emery wheel on-line detecting system demand, the data processing method of emery wheel measuring system is proposed, mainly contain two important steps: the filtering of radius constraint initial data, radius least square fitting.Can obtain the very high skive arc radius value of accuracy.Then according to calculate arc radius, calculate the error compensation of abrasion wheel control point.
The software design can be programmed according to the algorithm of error compensation, generates the NC program, the grinding wheel movement in the actual processing of control, thus realize compensation of error.
At first manually determine the span of grinding wheel radius according to factors such as grinding wheel graininess, conditioning system dressing accuracy, abrasion of grinding wheel degree; Adopt 3 concyclic methods to calculate by any 3 the determined radius of a circles that measure then, when the radius that is calculated did not belong to span, then these 3 may be singular point; Be n if always count, then comprise being combined as of certain some i
, and total number of combinations is
Radiuses are calculated in exhaustive all 3 combinations, then when certain point falls within ratio span outside and surpasses certain limit, think that it is a singular point, necessary rejecting.Adopt this method can calculate the radius of emery wheel at 3 according to relative position any on the abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc.
Consideration wheel face error is carried out 3 concyclic filtering to the influence that measurement data produced according to the radius span that the wheel face roughness limits of error is calculated.
For the least square abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc radius match based on discrete relative coordinate date, its optimization aim function
M is for measuring cross section number, N in the formula
iBe the number of data points in i cross section, (a
i, b
i) be the central coordinate of circle in i cross section, r is an abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc part radius.
Adopt three linear axis processing modes as the wedge shape aspherical mirror machining, the control processing stand is done linear interpolation processing at the wedge shape non-spherical surface.The wedge shape non-spherical surface has continuous second order partial derivative, and then every bit has well-determined method to vow that its normal vector is on the curved surface:
If residual error matched curve formula is Δ r=g (θ), then the circular arc portion radius r behind the error compensation of abrasion wheel '
r′＝r+Δr＝r+g(arctan(f′
x(x
i，y
i)))
Then can get error compensation of abrasion wheel control point formula is:
R is an abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc part radius in the formula, and R is an arc diamond wheel foundation radius, (x
i, y
i, z
i) be wedge shape non-spherical surface point coordinates, (x
i', y
i', z
i') be emery wheel control point coordinate.
After drawing emery wheel compensation control point coordinate,, just can realize the compensation processing of grinding wheel error by Computerized Numerical Control System Program control.
Below provide the detailed principle that data are handled.
According to emery wheel on-line detecting system demand, the data processing method of emery wheel measuring system is proposed, mainly contain two important steps: the filtering of radius constraint initial data, radius least square fitting.
1, radius constraint initial data filtering
Because wheel face is made up of abrasive particle and two kinds of different materials of bond, so finishing back wheel face roughness is still bigger.And grinding wheel graininess is not simultaneously, and the degree of roughness of finishing back wheel face also has nothing in common with each other.So in actual measurement, there is noise in the characteristic point of extracting on the abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc.Take general least-square fitting approach gained fitting result precision not high.Yet,, in the grinding wheel radius fit procedure, radius of target can be can be used as a kind of constraint and participate in computing, to improve fitting precision because there is the emery wheel radius of target in finishing process.
At first manually determine the span of grinding wheel radius according to factors such as grinding wheel graininess, conditioning system dressing accuracy, abrasion of grinding wheel degree; Adopt 3 concyclic methods to calculate any 3 determined radius of a circles then, when the radius that is calculated did not belong to span, then these 3 may be singular point; Be n if always count, then comprise being combined as of certain some i
And total number of combinations is
Radiuses are calculated in exhaustive all 3 combinations, then when certain point falls within ratio span outside and surpasses certain limit, think that it is a singular point, necessary rejecting.
Be not easy to determine owing to measure the medium plain emery wheel absolute position, can't directly adopt and collude a strand law calculating grinding wheel radius.And the relative position of each point of wheel face is easier to determine, so adopt 3 concyclic methods to determine the circular arc of emery wheel.Adopt this method can calculate the radius of emery wheel at 3 according to relative position any on the abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc.
If collinear three points A not
1(x
1, y
1), A
2(x
2, y
2), A
3(x
3, y
3) general equation of determined circle is:
x
2+y
2+Dx+Ey+F＝0
With three point coordinates substitution following formulas and put in order the equation group of D, E, F:
The precondition of 3 concyclic methods is 3 the not conllinear of getting, and on the circular arc portion of arc diamond wheel, any 3 should be satisfied the not requirement of conllinear, separate this equation, can get center of circle O (x
0, y
0) formula:
2, least square method radius match
And any 3 method of the measurement that this paper proposed has reduced the measurement difficulty, has improved certainty of measurement, and its measurement point is not by the equal angles interval measurement, so be not suitable for above formula.But still can adopt the least square fitting grinding wheel radius.
Consideration wheel face error is carried out 3 concyclic filtering to the influence that measurement data produced according to the radius span that the wheel face roughness limits of error is calculated.Behind the cancelling noise error point, between the center of circle and radial regions of record circular arc that left point calculates; Adopt least square method then, in this interval, obtain radius value, make remaining point adopt least square method to determine three parameters, be respectively central coordinate of circle (a
i, b
i) and radius r.Because measured point is the relative coordinate value, thus the central coordinate of circle value only as the median of calculating radius, can be inconsistent and respectively measure the center of circle of the measure data fitting gained between the cross section.
For the least square abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc match based on discrete relative coordinate date, its optimization aim function is:
M is for measuring cross section number, N in the formula
iBe the number of data points in i cross section, (a
i, b
i) be the central coordinate of circle in i cross section, r is an abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc part radius.
Owing to adopt approximate calculation to have error, and emery wheel measurement point quantity is little, and the grinding wheel radius interval determined in filtering, so be that step-length travels through the method for asking the least square value in interval with 1 micron, determines that the radius of the least square value minimum of error is a grinding wheel radius.
3, residual computations
Adopt relative coordinate to measure because designed online emery wheel measuring system is measured grinding wheel shape, may have relativity shift between each cross-section data.So after emery wheel match radius is determined, at first calculate the central coordinate of circle of this cross section circular arc, this central coordinate of circle adopts least square method to determine.After each cross section central coordinate of circle was determined, each cross section of translation was (0,0) to the center of circle, then adopted this moment polar coordinates to launch, and overlapped if any several measurement point abscissas, then got its arithmetic mean of instantaneous value.Then j residual values can be expressed as (θ
j, Δ r
j).
When the PV of residual error value was big, the effect of crushing was defective, and can select to redress emery wheel this moment, also can carry out the instrumental error compensation.Residual error adopts the spline interpolation match, and the residual error curve has continuity after the match.
4, calculate at the emery wheel control point
Adopt three linear axis processing modes as the wedge shape aspherical mirror machining, the control processing stand is done linear interpolation processing at the wedge shape non-spherical surface.The wedge shape non-spherical surface has continuous second order partial derivative, and then every bit has well-determined method to vow that its normal vector is on the curved surface:
If residual error matched curve formula is Δ r=g (θ), then the circular arc portion radius r behind the error compensation of abrasion wheel ' be:
r′＝r+Δr＝r+g(arctan(f′
x(x
i，y
i)))
Then can get error compensation of abrasion wheel control point formula is:
R is an abrasive wheel grinding wheel arc part radius in the formula, and R is an arc diamond wheel foundation radius, (x
i, y
i, z
i) be wedge shape non-spherical surface point coordinates, (x
i', y
i', z
i') be emery wheel control point coordinate.
Claims (6)
1. processing method that realizes error compensation of abrasion wheel is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) determines that cup type grinding wheel trimming device as the machining tool that emery wheel is carried out correction of the flank shape, carries out online finishing with cup type grinding wheel trimming device to the diamond arc diamond wheel;
2) the crushing system is designed;
3) utilize the crushing system that emery wheel is carried out on-line measurement;
4) handle the data of measuring gained with the method for the filtering of radius constraint initial data, radius least square fitting, draw compensation control point;
5) programming and generation NC program, the processing compensation of grinding wheel error is finished in the operation of control process equipment.
2. a kind of processing method that realizes error compensation of abrasion wheel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described crushing system designs is: finishing requires design crushing system according to resinoid bond diamond arc diamond wheel, and the crushing system is provided with and can realizes trimming wheel main shaft, buncher, driving belt, pedestal and the speed-regulating control device of finely tuning.
3. a kind of processing method that realizes error compensation of abrasion wheel as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that dresser adopts cup emery wheel trimmer with angle.
4. a kind of processing method that realizes error compensation of abrasion wheel as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that the inclination angle is 10 °.
5. a kind of processing method that realizes error compensation of abrasion wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the method for skive being carried out on-line measurement is:
At machining tool is the movement characteristic of three linear axis, adopt the movement locus of similar three coordinate measuring machine, vertically be installed on sensor on the work stage, oppositely measure the grinding wheel shape error, when described sensor adopts touch sensor, adopt during measurement and mention the metering system that puts down again, the wheel face point is extended to the gauge head central point, the grinding wheel radius value of match gained deducts the gauge head radius value; When described sensor adopted noncontacting proximity sensor, sensor was contactless with the measurement surface, and current measurement tiny area must can be represented in definite measured position in measurement.
6. a kind of processing method that realizes error compensation of abrasion wheel as claimed in claim 1, the sensor measurement track that it is characterized in that described reverse measurement grinding wheel shape error is: measure several representational cross sections at emery wheel, choosing of cross section adopts equal angles to choose, or adopts the artificial visually examine to choose; And on selected cross section, arbitrarily measure several points, and note the relative coordinate between these points, carry out data by measuring system at last and handle the data of surveying.
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| CN106078509A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-11-09 | 上海理工大学 | For cylindrical crush grinding roundness error of workpiece real-time computing technique |
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| CN106272071B (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-11-16 | 苏州苏铸成套装备制造有限公司 | A kind of laser sensor application method being exclusively used in numerical control grinding machine |
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| CN106625247A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-05-10 | 厦门立祥新工贸有限公司 | High-precision double-faced grinding machine processing method based on DSP control |
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