CN101428206A - Double-tail quaternary ammonium salt cation surface active agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Double-tail quaternary ammonium salt cation surface active agent and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN101428206A
CN101428206A CNA2008101310264A CN200810131026A CN101428206A CN 101428206 A CN101428206 A CN 101428206A CN A2008101310264 A CNA2008101310264 A CN A2008101310264A CN 200810131026 A CN200810131026 A CN 200810131026A CN 101428206 A CN101428206 A CN 101428206A
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quaternary ammonium
reaction
ammonium salt
preparation
cationic surfactant
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冯玉军
陈志�
孙玉海
操卫平
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Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co Ltd of CAS
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Chengdu Organic Chemicals Co Ltd of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a twin-tailed quaternary ammonium salt positive ion surface active agent and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps sequentially: (1), adding measured acetonitrile, and dimethyl long chain alkyl tertiary amine and corresponding alkyl halide according to a certain proportion into a three neck distilling flask; (2) keeping supplying nitrogen for 10-20 minutes until oxygen is removed; and (3) continuing magnetic force stirring reaction at a temperature of 78-83 DEG C for 15-18 hours. After the reaction is complete, solvent is removed by reduced pressure distillation; pale yellow colloidal materials obtained, and acetone which is added into the materials deposit at a low temperature, and are subjected to filtration, washing by acetone twice, and vacuum drying which can produce white powdered solid. If the white powder is applied to element analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis, the analysis results are consistent with target products. The method has the advantages of cheap and easily attainable raw material, mild reaction condition, complete reaction, and high reaction yield, and can also be applied in common solvents such as ethyl acetate, ethanol and the like.

Description

Double-tail quaternary ammonium salt cation surface active agent and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation of a kind of pair of tail quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant and the method for purifying and belong to class long-chain fat quaternary ammonium salt derivative and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, (growth rate of C-SAA) is more faster than anion and nonionic in drawing together property of cationic surface agent.The polar group of C-SAA is positively charged, thus easier on electronegative surface absorption form adsorbed film and present particular performances: solid hydrophobic surfaceization, sterilization, antistatic, softness etc.These performances have not only constituted the application foundation of C-SAA in traditional application; and its application is constantly widened, in new and high technologies such as new material that development in recent years is got up, washing agent, cosmetics, food, medicine, the energy, mining, weaving, printing and dyeing, agricultural, environmental protection, water conservancy, building, microelectronics, biology, obtained to use widely.The surfactant (SAA) that have the title of " industrial monosodium glutamate " will be a kind of inexorable trend with combining of new and high technology, also be a kind of needs of SAA field development itself.
Cationic surfactant is except that the fundamental property with general surfactant, because of hydrophilic group has positive charge, has special Interfacial Adsorption performance, can be used as softening agent, bactericide, scale preventative, corrosion inhibiter, antistatic additive, emulsifying agent etc., be widely used in the oil development process, C-SAA is widely used in drilling well in oil field development, well cementation, recover the oil, collection is defeated to wait each production link, mainly is used as: shale, the mud stone inhibitor, corrosion inhibiter, AS FILTRATION LOSS CONTROLLER, bactericide, oilwell water shutoff agent, clearly, wax-proofing agent, flocculant, scale preventative, demulsifier, foaming agent, the thickened oil recovery emulsifying agent; C-SAA is mainly used in field of new: C-SAA microemulsion prepares new material, C-SAA Prepared by Sol Gel Method new material, and C-SAA template is synthesized new material, the surface modification of inorganic powder; The application of C-SAA in life science and biological technical field: since C-SAA can with protein interaction and can permeate through cell membranes, thereby be used as anti-microbial agents for a long time.C-SAA can be used to the manufacturing of various vaccines to the coagulation ability of polysaccharide, as purification meningococcin surface antigen etc.; C-SAA is being mainly reflected on the membrane separation technique on the new separation technology, because C-SAA easily is adsorbed on electronegative film surface, makes film surface-hydrophobicized, thereby influences film character and film separation process.
Traditional single head base list alkane chain surfactant is because the separation tendency that ion head elementary charge repels or aquation causes is arranged surfactant and loosened on the surface of the aqueous solution, and surface-active is not high.And the cationic surfactant of two tail single head bases because two hydrophobic tail bases are connected on the same stature base, makes that such surfactant hydrophobic effect is strong shown in Figure of description 1a, arranges closely in solution surface.Compare with corresponding conventional surfactant, two tail single head base cationic surfactants show high surface, low critical micelle concentration (cmc), low solubility and stronger good performances such as tackifying ability.They can be widely used as emulsifying agent, bactericide, dispersant, defoamer and detergent etc.
For the synthetic and purifying of this kind surfactant, current people mainly adopt following synthetic method:
1), hydramine synthetic method (Sun Baoxing, Li Li, fine chemistry industry, 1990,63-67), this method be earlier with long-chain fatty alcohol with the two long chain tertiary amine of methylamine prepared in reaction, make product with the chloromethanes quaterisation again.But this method need be used catalyst when the preparation tertiary amine, increased cost, and also need supercharging when quaterisation, has brought difficulty for technical management and industrial equipment.
2), esterquat method (Mansur S.Mohammadi, Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem.Eng.Aspects, 288,96-102), this method makes the tertiary amine that contains ester group with the dihydroxy ethyl methylamine with the long-chain fat acid reaction, and then with chloromethanes or the quaternized target product that obtains of dimethyl suflfate.But this method yield is not high, and reactions steps is many, is difficult for shortcomings such as purifying.
Therefore, it is few to need to seek a kind of step, and easily purifying has the synthetic route that can improve feed stock conversion, simultaneously the two tail quaternary surfactants that are synthesized is selected purified reagent efficiently, improves the efficient of purifying.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is to provide the method for preparation, purification and the sign of this quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant.This preparation method is simple to operate, and raw material is cheap and easy to get, and the reaction condition gentleness is easy to control, and equipment is not had specific (special) requirements.
Another object of the present invention is to synthesize a series of novel two tail quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants with this technology.This type of surfactant has high surface-active, and the performance of strong tackify and good aspects such as sterilization is particularly suitable for the emulsion polymerisation of cationic monomer and synthesizing of mesoporous material when using as emulsifying agent.In addition, can also be used for being used in tertiary oil recovery in the industrial and agricultural production and as tackifier as bactericide and anticorrisive agent.
For reaching above technical purpose, the invention provides following technical scheme.
1, a kind of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant, its structural formula is as follows:
Figure A200810131026D00041
Wherein: R=C 8H 17, C 12H 25, C 16H 33, C 18H 37X=Cl, Br;
This cationic surfactant is the white powder solid, belongs to quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant.
2, a kind of preparation method of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant, with the long-chain fat tertiary amine, its structural formula is:
Figure A200810131026D00051
R=-C wherein 8H 17,-C 12H 25,-C 16H 33,-C 18H 37Carry out quaternary ammonium reaction with alkyl halide and make, the alkyl halide skeleton symbol is: RX, wherein R=-C 8H 17,-C 12H 25,-C 16H 33,-C 18H 37, X=Cl, Br.
3, the synthetic quaternary ammonium reaction that mainly utilizes long-chain dimethyl tertiary amine and alkyl halide of this cationic surfactant.
Figure A200810131026D00052
R=-C wherein 8H 17,-C 12H 25,-C 16H 33,-C 18H 37Carry out quaternary ammonium reaction with alkyl halide and make, the alkyl halide skeleton symbol is: RX, wherein R=-C 8H 17,-C 12H 25,-C 16H 33,-C 18H 37, X=Cl, Br.
This reacts raw materials used long-chain dimethyl tertiary amine, and is homemade, and technical pure is commercially available.Alkyl halide, homemade, technical pure, commercially available.
4, the preparation method of this quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant may further comprise the steps successively:
(1) in three neck distillation flasks of reflux condensing tube are housed, add the acetonitrile of metering, add dimethyl long-chain alkyl tertiary amine and corresponding alkyl halide simultaneously according to a certain percentage;
(2) logical nitrogen 10-20 minute, get rid of oxygen;
(3) at 78-83 ℃ of condition lower magnetic force stirring reaction 15~18h.
5, this method reacts completely, the reaction condition gentleness.Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the method raw material is cheap and easy to get, and the reaction condition gentleness is easy to operate, carries out safety, the purity height.
(2) quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant provided by the invention has lower surface tension.
(3) quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant provided by the invention has lower critical micelle concentration (cmc).
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Accurately take by weighing dimethyl octylame 3.14g (0.020mol) in the triangular flask of the strap clamp cover that backflow is housed, add n-octane bromide 4.05g (0.021mol) under the room temperature, add acetonitrile 20ml, behind the feeding nitrogen 10min, at 83 ℃ of condition lower magnetic force stirring reaction 15~18h.Decompression distillation removed and desolvates after reaction finished, and obtained little yellow jelly matter, added acetone, and precipitation is filtered also and used acetone washed twice, vacuum drying to obtain white powder solid (DC more at low temperatures 8MAB).
Embodiment 2
Accurately take by weighing dimethyl lauryl amine 4.26g (0.020mol) in the triangular flask of the strap clamp cover that backflow is housed, add bromo n-dodecane 5.23g (0.021mol) under the room temperature, add acetonitrile 20ml, behind the feeding nitrogen 20min, at 83 ℃ of condition lower magnetic force stirring reaction 15~18h.Decompression distillation removed and desolvates after reaction finished, and obtained little yellow jelly matter, added acetone, and precipitation is filtered also and used acetone washed twice, vacuum drying to obtain white powder solid (DC more at low temperatures 12MAB).
Embodiment 3
Accurately take by weighing dimethyl cetylamine 5.38g (0.020mol) in the triangular flask of the strap clamp cover that backflow is housed, add bromo hexadecane 6.41g (0.021mol) under the room temperature, add acetonitrile 20ml, behind the feeding nitrogen 20min, at 78 ℃ of condition lower magnetic force stirring reaction 15~18h.Decompression distillation removed and desolvates after reaction finished, and obtained little yellow jelly matter, added acetone, and precipitation is filtered also and used acetone washed twice, vacuum drying to obtain white powder solid (DC more at low temperatures 16MAB).
Embodiment 4
Accurately take by weighing dimethyl octylame 3.14g (0.020mol) in the triangular flask of the strap clamp cover that backflow is housed, add chloro normal octane 3.12g (0.021mol) under the room temperature, add acetonitrile 20ml, behind the feeding nitrogen 15min, at 80 ℃ of condition lower magnetic force stirring reaction 15~18h.Decompression distillation removed and desolvates after reaction finished, and obtained little yellow jelly matter, added acetone, and precipitation is filtered also and used acetone washed twice, vacuum drying to obtain white powder solid (DC more at low temperatures 8MAC).
Embodiment 5
Accurately take by weighing dimethyl lauryl amine 4.26g (0.020mol) in the triangular flask of the strap clamp cover that backflow is housed, add chloro n-dodecane 4.3g (0.021mol) under the room temperature, add acetonitrile 20ml, behind the feeding nitrogen 20min, at 80 ℃ of condition lower magnetic force stirring reaction 15~18h.Decompression distillation removed and desolvates after reaction finished, and obtained little yellow jelly matter, added acetone, and precipitation is filtered also and used acetone washed twice, vacuum drying to obtain white powder solid (DC more at low temperatures 12MAC).
Embodiment 6
Accurately take by weighing dimethyl cetylamine 5.38g (0.020mol) in the triangular flask of the strap clamp cover that backflow is housed, add chloro hexadecane 5.47g (0.021mol) under the room temperature, add acetonitrile 20ml, behind the feeding nitrogen 20min, at 80 ℃ of condition lower magnetic force stirring reaction 15~18h.Decompression distillation removed and desolvates after reaction finished, and obtained little yellow jelly matter, added acetone, and precipitation is filtered also and used acetone washed twice, vacuum drying to obtain white powder solid (DC more at low temperatures 16MAC).

Claims (2)

1. quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant is characterized in that chemical constitution is as follows:
Figure A200810131026C00021
Wherein: R=C 8H1 7, C 12H 25, C 16H 33Or C 18H 37X=Cl, Br.
2. method for preparing the described a kind of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant of claim 1, the synthetic quaternary ammonium reaction that mainly utilizes long-chain dimethyl tertiary amine and alkyl halide of this cationic surfactant,
Figure A200810131026C00022
R=C wherein 8H 17, C 12H 25, C 16H 33Or C 18H 37, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) in three neck distillation flasks of reflux condensing tube are housed, add the acetonitrile of metering, add dimethyl long-chain alkyl tertiary amine and corresponding alkyl halide simultaneously according to a certain percentage;
(2) logical nitrogen 10-20 minute, get rid of oxygen, prevent that amine is oxidized;
(3) at 78-83 ℃ of condition lower magnetic force stirring reaction 15~18h;
(4) decompression distillation removed and desolvates after reaction finished, and obtained little yellow jelly matter, added acetone, and precipitation is filtered also and used the acetone washed twice more at low temperatures, and vacuum drying obtains the white powder solid.
CNA2008101310264A 2007-08-13 2008-08-12 Double-tail quaternary ammonium salt cation surface active agent and preparation method thereof Pending CN101428206A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102351719A (en) * 2011-10-08 2012-02-15 中国日用化学工业研究院 Dialkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium salt and preparation method thereof
CN102675130A (en) * 2011-11-04 2012-09-19 江苏泰特尔化工有限公司 Phase-transfer catalyst quaternary ammonium salt and preparation method thereof
CN103191671A (en) * 2013-04-17 2013-07-10 重庆理工大学 Trimeric quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surface active agent and preparation method thereof
CN103821011A (en) * 2014-02-13 2014-05-28 苏州联胜化学有限公司 Environment-friendly acrylic fiber dye leveler, preparation method and applications thereof
CN109456199A (en) * 2018-11-15 2019-03-12 广东菲安妮皮具股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of leather high-effective cationic surfactant
CN112403684A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-02-26 河南资环检测科技有限公司 Synthesis method and application of xanthic acid-quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid
CN112457202A (en) * 2020-12-10 2021-03-09 山东泰和水处理科技股份有限公司 Synthesis process of dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102351719A (en) * 2011-10-08 2012-02-15 中国日用化学工业研究院 Dialkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium salt and preparation method thereof
CN102351719B (en) * 2011-10-08 2014-07-02 中国日用化学工业研究院 Dialkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium salt and preparation method thereof
CN102675130A (en) * 2011-11-04 2012-09-19 江苏泰特尔化工有限公司 Phase-transfer catalyst quaternary ammonium salt and preparation method thereof
CN103191671A (en) * 2013-04-17 2013-07-10 重庆理工大学 Trimeric quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surface active agent and preparation method thereof
CN103191671B (en) * 2013-04-17 2015-07-08 重庆理工大学 Trimeric quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surface active agent and preparation method thereof
CN103821011A (en) * 2014-02-13 2014-05-28 苏州联胜化学有限公司 Environment-friendly acrylic fiber dye leveler, preparation method and applications thereof
CN109456199A (en) * 2018-11-15 2019-03-12 广东菲安妮皮具股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of leather high-effective cationic surfactant
CN112403684A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-02-26 河南资环检测科技有限公司 Synthesis method and application of xanthic acid-quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid
CN112457202A (en) * 2020-12-10 2021-03-09 山东泰和水处理科技股份有限公司 Synthesis process of dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride

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Application publication date: 20090513