CN101426968A - Systems and methods of manufacturing nanotube structures - Google Patents

Abstract

A tube manufacturing system is provided that is capable of manufacturing tube structures that are on the nanoscale and larger. The system provides for control as to the structure and atomic makeup of the feed sheet material used and provides motive force to the sheet material being used to continuously advance the sheet material through the various system components. After the tube structures are formed, they may be used in providing a source material for manufacturing macroscopic objects thus increasing the level of performance and capabilities of such objects due to the engineered properties of the tube structures formed within this system and method of manufacturing. Processes for manufacturing of nanotubes are also disclosed, as are nanotubes manufactured by the processes and system of the invention.

Description

Make the system and method for nano tube structure

The cross reference of related application

The application requires to enjoy the Application No. of submitting on September 28th, 2,004 10/950,793, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application of submitting on June 7th, 2004 number 60/577,678 and the U.S. Provisional Patent Application submitted on April 27th, 2004 number 60/565,610 the applying date, its whole disclosures are all quoted for reference in this article.

Technical field

The present invention relates to the manufacturing of nanotube, and more particularly, relate to the system and method for nanotube and formation and/or manufacturing nanotube and nano tube structure.

Background technology

CNT is that the tubulose with machinery, electricity and chemical property contains carbon structure, and these performances comprise them to have potential application in electronics, machinery and the medical applications in a lot of fields.For example, they demonstrate excellent intensity, mainly are owing to have strong sp between the carbon atom of forming pipe ²Key.And they demonstrate noticeable electrical property such as some pipes because carbon atom has high conductivity along the major axis arrangement of this pipe.They also show sends as an envoy to them to the attractive thermal property of multiple use, as the radiator of computer chip.In addition, because they are hollow, they can hold, transmits, and final h substance.This performance makes them very useful to medical application.Carrying out big quantity research so that determine other unique and useful performance of these minor structures.

Nanotube is the cylindrical carbon lattice with fundamental lattice structure of fullerene.Most of nanotube at one end or two ends by half fullerene molecule end-blocking.Nanotube is characterised in that: the external diameter with 1 nanometer (1nm) several to having only (for example 5-10) or tens (for example 50) nanometer.Though many nanotubes are just grown several times than their width, have made some and have had the width long number millionfold nanotube of length than them.Nanotube can make and itself be arranged in rope-like constructed, makes can make excellent in strength but the quite light long lead of weight.

Make nanotube: single-walled nanotube (SWNT) and many walls nanotube (MWNT) with two kinds of dissimilar basic structures.As the implication of their titles, SWNT is the pipe with single wall of parcel inner space, and MWNT is that single inner space is by many pipes that are arranged in the tubular wall encapsulated by structures of nested cylinder.Because their different structure, and because their difficulty or ease difference of preparation, SWNT is becoming target (targeted) and is being used for different purposes (though many purposes are overlapping) with MWNT.

Now, many already known processes and methods that are used to produce or make CNT are arranged.These methods can comprise arc discharge, laser ablation and chemical vapour deposition (CVD).In arc discharge method, form carbon containing steam by the arc discharge between two carbon electrodes, and CNT is by this steam self assembly.Unfortunately, this method causes high-caliber impurity, if these impurity can remove at all, also very expensive.In laser ablation methods, high energy laser beam clashes into many carbon raw material gases.Though the nanotube of being produced by laser ablation is purer than the nanotube of being produced by arc discharge, productive rate is obviously lower.In chemical gaseous phase depositing process, carbonaceous gas is exposed in the reactive metal of heating, and this causes forming nanotube on the metal surface of heating.Can use chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on a large scale, have the SWNT of wide range of diameters and the mixture of MWNT but often and uncontrollably produce, this SWNT quality is always poor.And its requires purifying nano pipe in cigarette ash from be present in reaction and the metal.

U.S. Patent No. 6,455,021 discloses a kind of arc discharge method, by this method, in producing CNT, under high-temperature very, precursor gas is exposed in the plasma discharge.Yet the nanotube of Chan Shenging can comprise a large amount of pollutants in this way.

U.S. Patent No. 6,331,690 disclose a kind of with produce the relevant laser ablation methods of nanotube, superlaser focuses on the carbon target thus.This method is compared with arc discharge method, can produce the nanotube with relative less pollution thing, but productivity ratio is low.The laser ablation methods investment is also big.

U.S. Patent No. 6,689,674 disclose a kind of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method that nanotube is produced that is used for, by this method, with precursor gas heating and sensing (directed) reactive metal surface.In the production of CNT, use CVD can produce high productive rate and relative less pollution thing.Yet the CNT of production may have many defectives.

Because the complexity of fullerene dot matrix and it can being reeled to form the different modes of cylinder or pipe, the nanotube with different dot matrix configurations can have different physical properties.Use the nanotube dot matrix of three kinds of main types: zig-zag type, chirality and armchair, usually, think: the difference between these three types is based on and is wound into graphite (graphine) sheet before the pipe with respect to the orientation along the central shaft of this pipe.

The method of the manufacturing nanotube that these are at present available as mentioned above, can be formed in quantity, length, diameter and the lattice structure that its physical property comprises wall and has the variable nanotube of spectrum.Thereby present method does not allow to select in advance and only produce a kind of nanotube, and described a kind of nanotube has single wall, length, diameter and lattice structure or configuration.The manufacturing cost height relevant with such high growth temperature method is because this batch process needs energy cost and time.

Thereby, need a kind of reliable, consistent, controlled and cost effective method, can producing wherein in producing technology in enormous quantities like this, associated length, diameter and lattice structure have narrow spectrum nano tube structure.

Summary of the invention

The present invention solves the demand of this area by the nanotube with desirable characteristics is provided.The present invention also provides the technology of producing nanotube (but mutual alternative becomes " method " in this article), this technology is rapid, convenient, reliable and relatively cheap, in addition, because this manufacturing technique, nanotube of the present invention has extremely low ratio of defects, and very even in structure.And technology of the present invention allows to produce the nanotube of quite long homogeneous texture, and this length depends primarily on the length and the quality of Graphene (graphene) material that is used to make nanotube.Thereby, the invention provides quite long CNT.Consider above-mentioned nanotube and technology, the invention provides the system and the equipment that are used to make nanotube of the present invention.

Usually, technology of the present invention comprises the graphene film of the material that uses mechanical force to make nano thickness such as an about atomic thickness along single bending shaft, so that form circle or more preferably semicircular structure by this material.This technology further comprises uses mechanical force or electromagnetic radiation so that in the position of selecting or along the selected circuit that the parallels to the axis crooked material of riving, wherein introduce crooked along this circuit.When the material of riving crooked, there is the edge of two bend, each edge is parallel to another edge and extends, and each edge is along the axis of curvature extension of this material.Thereby technology of the present invention is mechanical synthesis technique.According to an aspect of this technology, make two edges enough approaching, they can be connected to each other along their whole length, thereby form tubular structure, this tubular structure is a nanotube.According to another aspect, make two different materials crooked and that rive approaching, make first edge of first edge of first bend and second bend approaching, and make second edge of second edge of first bend and second material approaching.Approximating then edge interconnects, and forms tubular structure or nanotube.In the third aspect, make bend approaching in the position that will form the edge, this edge forms in two kinds of materials simultaneously or basically simultaneously then.This causes two the edge of riving to be placed with closer to each other after riving immediately.The connection procedure of these all aspects of technology can be spontaneous or be regulated (mediated) by applying energy or mechanical force.

Can use the technology manufacturing of the present invention nanotube of any length basically, this length depends primarily on as the length of the raw material of nano-tube material and quality.And, owing to passing through machinery, motor machine or electromagnetic mode (promptly to small part, be not by chemistry or biosynthesis) control this technology, so can realize high-caliber repeatability and accuracy, form the uniform nanotube of height with predetermined length, diameter and wall construction.Thereby, the invention provides the nanotube of different length, diameter and wall construction.

In its citation form, system of the present invention generally includes: to the suitable equipment that forms the material piece stress application of nanotube; On one point or multiple spot place or along the rive equipment of this material piece of circuit of this sheet or many circuits; With with this material supply and/or the equipment removed.In embodiments, all these functions provide by single equipment, and in other situation, provide two or more distinct devices to realize these functions.In preferred embodiments, this system further comprises one or more equipment, and this equipment forms the sheet material of riving can form the shape of circular or tubulose, or makes many sheets of riving form the shape that can form whole circle or tubulose.This system can further comprise one or more equipment, and this equipment is harmonized parent material and/or is fed to one or more equipment, and this equipment gives stress and/or rives this parent material.In addition, this system can comprise the material that one or more receptions and/or transmission are rived and/or the equipment of nanotube.In addition, this system can comprise be used for nanotube or etc. nanotube to be formed nanofiber keep parts.And this system can comprise that manufacturing is suitable as the necessary some or all of equipment of material and the parts of nano-tube material such as graphite/(graphene).

Make the system and method for nano tube structure and can realize having selectivity and control the wherein nano tube structure of associated length, diameter and lattice structure by mechanical device and mechanical synthesis technique so that allow to form or make.Usually the order of the several steps that can carry out in mechanical synthetic method of the present invention can exchange.Thereby in system of the present invention, in one embodiment, specific equipment can be connected on some miscellaneous equipment, and in other embodiments, this equipment can be connected on one or more miscellaneous equipments.Connection between distinct device can form by any suitable mechanical fastener, and it is selected for the formation of equipment of the present invention and system or the realization of the inventive method is not key.In embodiments, some or all of equipment are rigidly connected on one or more miscellaneous equipments, and in embodiments, some or all of equipment are connected on one or more miscellaneous equipments movably.The selection of connection type can be left those skilled in the art's consideration for, and can use any suitable connector.

In one embodiment, the invention provides and use the system of mechanical synthesis to be used to make nanotube.For example, this technology start act on can by comprise chemistry, heat, acoustics, electric field and/or magnetic field and/or mechanical torque interacts or the exterior source of energy of its any combination provides.

In one embodiment, native system is in conjunction with the roller that utilizes macroscopic view, so that increase the easy degree and the flexibility of motor driving, braking and the operation of other system in manufacture process.This roller can be nanoscale or any yardstick dimensionally, depends on required torsion capacity size.In such method, the roller with macro-size of nanoscale surface characteristics can provide integrates the multi-functional of size scale and various energy field such as mechanics, fluidics, electromagnetism, optics and biometric system.

Description of drawings

Below, with reference to the exemplary embodiment of explaining in the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be described in more detail.

Figure 1A is the view of material piece that forms the single atomic thickness of pipe according to the present invention gradually.

The general view of the suitable system of nano tube structure is made in Figure 1B explanation according to one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 A explanation is used for the cross sectional view of the exemplary rollers of system shown in relevant Figure 1B.

Fig. 2 B explanation is used for the cross sectional view of other exemplary rollers of system shown in relevant Figure 1B.

Fig. 3 is the cross sectional view that is used for the cover cutting roller before the contact point between the roller of system shown in relevant Figure 1B.

Fig. 4 is the cross sectional view of the cutting roller shown in Figure 3 of the contact point place between roller.

Fig. 5 is the cross sectional view at a cover forming rolls that forms the system that is used for relevant Figure 1B in the stage of nano tube structure.

Fig. 6 is the cross sectional view of another set of optional forming rolls in another stage that forms nano tube structure.

Fig. 7 is the cross sectional view of another set of forming rolls that is used for the system of relevant Figure 1B.

Fig. 8 is the cross sectional view of another set of forming rolls in another stage that forms nano tube structure.

Fig. 9 explains the another one system according to a possible embodiment manufacturing nano tube structure according to the present invention.

Figure 10 A is the cross sectional view that is used for the cover cutting roller before the contact point between the roller of relevant system shown in Figure 9.

Figure 10 B is the view of the mold former (former) that is used for the cutting roller of relevant Figure 10 A.

Figure 11 A is the cross sectional view of the cutting roller shown in Figure 9 of the contact point place between roller.

Figure 11 B is forming the cross sectional view or the close-up view of managing the bar (strip) that connects among the 20A-20E in Figure 11 A.

Figure 12 explains the embodiment of the various gear trains that are used for relevant system of the present invention.

Figure 13 explains the another embodiment of the various gear trains that are used for relevant system of the present invention.

Figure 14 is the cross sectional view according to stamping (stamping) equipment of an embodiment of the present invention in the phase I.

Figure 15 is the cross sectional view of the equipment of Figure 14 in second stage.

The specific embodiment

In detail with reference to various exemplary of the present invention, the example illustrates in the accompanying drawings now.Below detailed disclosed content be to be used to describe in detail various embodiments of the present invention, therefore should not be used to limit the scope of appended claims, but in order to describe various embodiments of the present invention better, as all advocating in claims.

Have been found that: CNT is used in conductive material such as semiconductor surface and the transistor.And computer memory device such as hard drives are made with the nanotube parts.Even find: they are used for so common article such as lighting bulb, as the filament of bulb.Yet because producing cost is expensive and the uncertainty of quality, size and configuration, their extensive uses in industry also do not reach significant level.Wherein, the invention solves following point: produce nanotube expensive, nanotube dot matrix configuration is lacked control and the diameter and the length of the nanotube of present preparation is lacked accurately control.

The present invention solves shortcoming in this area by the technology that is provided for producing nanotube.With the method comparison that is used to make nanotube at present, wherein in present method, use chemistry or electromagnetic technique from original material, produce nanotube again, the grapheme material that utilization of the present invention is shaped in advance has predetermined and the accurate nanotube of control characteristic as parent material and mechanical energy with formation.

Technology of the present invention is the technology that forms nanotube, and it generally includes the material that at least a suitable formation nanotube is provided, to this material stress application, make its distortion, this material of riving, make this material form tubulose, and this material itself is fused or be fused to one or both other materials to form nanotube.Predict the number in the material quantity that is provided, the site of riving, the order that carries out step and other variation by method of the present invention.Similarly, according to the final use of product expection, can carry out extra step.

This technology uses mechanical force to make the graphene film bending of material such as about atomic thickness of nano thickness along single axle (each nanotube that will form), so that is finally formed the structure of circular by this material.This technology further comprises uses mechanical force (for example diamond tool) or electromagnetic radiation (for example laser knife) along the one or more selected circuit that the parallels to the axis crooked material of riving, and wherein introduces crooked along this circuit.When the material of riving through bending, there are two edges of bend, each edge is parallel to another edge and extends, and each edge extends along the axis of curvature of this material.In this, this method can realize at least two kinds of different modes, to obtain nanotube.In a kind of mode, make two edges enough approaching, they can be connected to each other along their whole length, thereby form tubular structure, this tubular structure is a nanotube.According to another way, make two materials differently curved and that rive approaching, make first edge of first edge of first bend and second bend approaching, and make second edge of second edge of first bend and second material approaching.Approximating then edge interconnects, and forms tubular structure or nanotube.In the third aspect, make bend approaching in the position that will form the edge, this edge forms in two kinds of materials simultaneously or basically simultaneously then.This causes two the edge of riving to be placed with closer to each other after riving immediately.Realize that connection procedure in all modes of this technology can be spontaneously or by applying energy or mechanical force is regulated.

Can be with process application of the present invention in making the nanotube of any length basically, this length depends primarily on as the length of the raw material of nano-tube material and quality.And, owing to passing through machinery, motor machine or electromagnetic mode (promptly to small part, be not by chemistry or biosynthesis) control this technology, can realize high repeatability and accuracy, form the uniform nanotube of height with length, diameter, carbon configuration and wall construction of selecting in advance.

More particularly, this technology comprises provides at least a material that will form nanotube (Graphene, metal-doped Graphene etc.), and this material is generally has the sheet-form that width is suitable for this technology.That is, if nanotube will form from the monolithic parent material, then this parent material should be the same wide with the final girth of nanotube at least.On the other hand, if nanotube will form from two parent materials, then each sheet should be at least a half-breadth of the final girth of nanotube.Similarly, if nanotube will form from parent materials such as three, four, then 1/3rd of the every final girth that should be at least nanotube wide, 1/4th wide etc.The excessive parent material that is not used in the final nanotube of formation can be used as refuse and abandons, or uses in other period of realizing this technology.It also can be used for the quality contrast test, so that determine orientation, the efficient of riving or the significant parameter of any other possibility.

The material that provides can be any material that is suitable for nanotube.Up to the present, the most general material that is used to produce nanotube now is the carbon that forms the structure that can be called the Graphene pipe.Though imagining, the present invention use Graphene as parent material, but also prediction is used substituted Graphene so that provide favourable and particular performances to nanotube, in the wherein substituted Graphene, one or more carbon atoms are replaced by another element, as being replaced by metal or rare earth metal.The graphene film of known quality and ratio of defects is effectively, and prediction: these are most preferred parent materials.Even especially preferred is to comprise the graphene film that defective is seldom arranged also in lattice structure.In embodiments, this material can be a flaky material, as comprises the material of the crystal habit of carbonaceous material.For example, it can be the amorphous materials of diamond sheet material, diamond like carbon or class dimantine (diamonoid) dot matrix that has the element except carbon in lattice structure.

When Graphene is used as parent material, can be may angle be fed in this technology with respect to any of lattice structure.Thereby, by regulating the angle (being angle of feed) of regulation, can produce the have different configurations nanotube of (zig-zag type, chirality, armchair).Obviously be different from other available method at present, to have identical configuration by single parent material of the present invention with all nanotubes that single realization technology obtains, because all nanotubes come from identical sheet material parent material, this sheet material parent material provides with single, predetermined angle.Thereby, the inconsistency of in technology known in the art, finding with obtain pure, consistent nanotube cost related and can avoid by using this technology.

This technology also comprises the material stress application, makes this material deformation, so that make its bending shaft along the length of material.In embodiments, this bending is circular or is circular basically.In other embodiments, this bending is semicircle or semicircular basically.Usually preferably, this bending is total no matter its arc length shows as arc, if complete, can form circle.Stress can provide by any suitable device, but the preferred mechanical stress of using.Can provide mechanical stress by any suitable device, provide but preferably extend parent material above the structure by those that in warp architecture such as accompanying drawing, describe.

This technology is also included within advance the position selected or along the circuit in advance selected parallel with the major axis of final nanotube this material of riving.Thereby according to the present invention, riving be parallel to the axle (that is, perpendicular to forming crooked plane) that forms pipe.In the embodiment of using the monolithic parent material, possibility must single riving.In the embodiment of using the multi-disc parent material, may must repeatedly rive, in addition, forming by the monolithic parent material under the situation of many nanotubes, single riving can produce the edge that is used for two independent nanotubes.

Rive and produce at least one and be used to form the edge of nanotube.Though can with intermittent mode produce the edge (for example in three steps: sheet material is moved into press or the equipment of riving in, rive this sheet and the material of riving shifted out this equipment), preferably: use continuation method: wherein one or more pieces sheet materials are fed to the equipment that permission is rived with given speed, and when its through certain when a bit, along this sheet material material of riving.As in the drawings as can be seen, can accept the sheet material that supply is come in the roller that is arranged opposite to each other, it is moved through rive a little, and discharge and rive the material of (or rive and fuse, see below).In many embodiments of using roller, cause contact (or near contact) to put the material of riving at roller by the roller applied pressure.Similarly, can replace mechanical roller with other known device of the graphene sheet of riving etc.For example, when it along certain a bit by the time, the available laser energy material of riving.

Importantly: note being out of shape and riving and to carry out with any order.Though, in order to prepare many nanotubes in the single time, preferably before riving, making the parent material distortion by the monolithic parent material, this is not necessarily.And, perhaps preferably:, before distortion, rive for other purpose.

Technology of the present invention further comprises makes the material of riving form shape, make its each edge all with from itself material or approaching from another edge of another initial material piece.Should adjust the edge, make their enough near can be spontaneous or by increasing another edge that fusion between the two takes place for energy such as mechanical pressure or electromagnetic radiation.For example, if nanotube will form by two, each sheet comes from independently parent material sheet, then each material all forms semicircle, and the edge of a slice after riving can be connected with the edge of another sheet material, presents circle, between two sheet materials that form two semicircles, have two little gaps.The edge should be enough approaching each other, make it spontaneous fusion form tubular structure, or fusion forms tubular structure when increasing energy.Be construed as: this identical general introduction also be suitable for by three or more the multi-disc parent material produce nanotube, each sheet is fused on its nearest adjacent materials, so that finally form tubular structure.

Be construed as: this material forming is that suitable shape also comprises relevant material is relative to each other harmonized simply further to handle according to the present invention, even this material has been a required form.Under this explanation, if as the result of the charging and the step of riving, this material has been in suitable position, and then this forming step includes only the material of will rive and maintains its suitable position, so that fuse.

Material fusion at the edge causes forming nanotube to form tubular structure.Fusion can be by any suitable method.Yet, preferably: form step, make the edge that will fuse enough approaching, make that this edge can be by being present in the spontaneous fusion of energy in itself structure.Certainly, if the edge is enough not active, or enough not approaching, can use external energy to use mechanical force or electromagnetic radiation (for example laser) with fused edge as passing through.

As can be seen from Figure, can predict: in embodiments, can form many nanotubes by the monolithic parent material.In such embodiments, the gained nanotube can use separately.Perhaps, in embodiments, the method for producing nanotube also comprises: nanotube is placed under the condition, and keep time enough, so that make the nanotube interaction and form rope or the rope-like constructed of being made up of many independent nanotubes.

In one embodiment, in technology of the present invention, comprise the back pressurized treatments.This optional step comprises: for example by roller or electromagnetic radiation, exert pressure or other energy, so that fuse two or more nanotubes (comprising nanotube bundle), form whole pipe set thus.Though fusion can be one or more terminal generation of nanotube, can predict: most of fusion sites will be along the major axis of pipe.Fusion can be along the whole length of one or more nanotubes, whole length or take place along the fraction of one or more nanotubes basically.The one intrafascicular different nanotubes and the type and the degree of the fusion between other nanotube do not rely on other nanotube.Thereby, can be fused to other nanotube fully along its whole length at an intrafascicular nanotube, and other nanotube can fuse less than it on whole length, or even not fuse with other nanotube.And as the result of nanotube production and processing, when intentionally or simply single nanotube being wrapped up around other nanotube, many nanotubes can link mutually by this technology.The fusion of two or more nanotubes can improve the mechanical performance of the compound that comprises nanotube.Though do not wish to be confined to the mode of action of concrete molecule, can think: this embodiment of the present invention is the polymerization of the pressure inducement of nanotube of the present invention or nanofiber.

Think: be used to form the configuration of the equipment of nanotube of the present invention, the speed that material is converted into nanotube and other parameter (for example size of pressure) that may use according to one or more, in the process that realizes technology of the present invention, produce heat.In some cases, favourable or it is desirable to: the heat of removing some or all of generations.According to one embodiment of the invention, in equipment of the present invention and method, can comprise the device that is used to remove at least some heats.For example,, may there be the method that realizes removing heat, wherein has hollow region, so that form hollow tube, so that hold cooling medium at roller 17 and 18 inside with reference to figure 1,4,9,10A or 11A.Cooling medium can be any medium of heat conduction, as comprising the fluid and/or the gas of one or more known heat-exchange fluids and/or gas, makes their hollow region internal flows at roller, so that realize removing the heat that produces in this technology.Certainly, this is a kind of possible method of removing heat, because there is multiple suitable realization to remove the method for heat.For example, can use air knife or other a kind of gas and/or multiple gases, as argon or other inert gas.The operable technology of removing heat not only can be removed heat, and can prevent that foreign substance such as dust from entering between high pressure roller 17 and 18.Therefore, can additionally use the device of removing heat, be used to keep system and prevent owing to foreign substance enters the fault that the high pressure roller section of manufacturing system and method causes.Similarly, if there is not excessive caloric requirement to remove, then can uses this technology only to keep system and method and/or prevent the fault of system and method.Perhaps, the formation of roller can be: the different layers of the various atoms with different-thickness is attached in the material structure of high pressure roller, so that promote removing of heat, and/or prevents local focus.Obviously the nanofiber itself that forms by this technology can work to remove heat, and this is because fiber itself is excellent heat conductor.Therefore, can not need to be used for the extra means of heat management in some cases, and optional thus step and the parts that comprise heat management.

Consider technology of the present invention, the invention provides nanotube.Nanotube of the present invention can have one or more performances that help one or more purposes.For example, owing to technology of the present invention can be carried out with continuous process, so it only is subjected to the restriction of the amount and the length of available parent material.Thereby nanotube length of the present invention can be many meters or or even a few km.That is, the length of nanotube can be from 100 nanometers to km, 1 micron according to appointment, 100 microns, 1 millimeter, 100 millimeters, 1 centimetre, 10 centimetres, 100 centimetres, 1 meter, 10 meters, 100 meters, 1 km or greater than 1 km.Even in embodiments, the technology of making the graphene film of known lattice geometry combines with the technology of making nanotube, cause sane system, the parent material of the control physical property of essentially no delivery of pure restrictedly wherein is provided to the technology of making nanotube.

In addition, nanotube of the present invention can have one or more required performances, and can guarantee that all nanotubes from given batch have identical performance, and this is because can control in the formation of parent material and nanotube.

In one embodiment, the invention provides the system that in the production of nano tube structure, uses mechanical device.For example, this system can comprise mechanical part, as shell, feed rolls, cutting roller and forming rolls, when they in conjunction with the time, form continuous manufacturing system so that allow to produce or make the nanotube of development length or the nanotube of any Len req.And system and its parts can allow the basic nanotube uniformly of factory length, diameter and lattice structure, make production cost maintain quite low level simultaneously.

With reference now to Figure 1A,, explain in the step that forms the increase in the tubular structure 1 by the sheet material 2 of single atomic thickness, wherein 3 be illustrated in the partially-formed of the tubular structure finished in the cutting roller portion of the manufacturing system of Figure 1B and method.

With reference now to Figure 1B,, explains the system 10 that permission is produced the nanotube of any definite length according to one embodiment of the invention.Shown system 10 comprises that its inside can hold the moisture volume of graphite raw material, the storage tank 11 of for example liquid trichloro-benzenes or dichloro-benzenes or other suitable liquid.Graphite raw material also can form the aqueous solution by the tannic acid peptization at first, aquadag for example, or the dispersion in oil, for example oildag.In one embodiment, can form deflocculated graphite at the aqueous solution or the dispersion in oil or water.

System 10 also can be included in the drum 12 that partly is submerged in the storage tank 11 in the aqueous graphite feed stock material.Place drum 12 by this way, make raw-material thin uniformly basically liquid layer (just single atomic thickness) be deposited on the outer surface 121 of drum 12.Along with the rotation of drum 12, raw-material successive sedimentation can deposit on the outer surface 121 of drum 12.Should be noted that: in some cases, guiding material (lead) (being starting substrate) is as Mylar

Or other suitable initial webbing can be used for promoting the initiation of raw-material continous thin layer.This guiding material (not shown) can be positioned on the outer surface 121 of drum 12, and along with this rotation of rousing, can be thereon by storage tank 11 with this raw material deposition.Though flood and make an explanation according to part, be construed as: drum 12 can be basically or is submerged in aqueous graphite feed stock material inside fully.

In one embodiment, system 10 also can form raw material sheet to be used to make nanotube so that help by the thin liquid layer on the drum 12 at the source such as the laser instrument 13 that are provided with the emission ionisation radiation near drum 12 places.According to embodiment,, can remove the non-carbon atom of deposition with laser instrument 13 along with the raw-material thin layer on the outer surface 121 of drum 12 is rotated up (promptly being viewed as counterclockwise from Figure 1B).Specifically, can use laser instrument 13 to make non-carbon atom be ionized into gas, so that can subsequently these non-carbon atoms be emitted from raw-material layer.After this, make the carbon atom of on layer of feed stock material, leaving over to form the grapheme material sheet 14 of about single atomic thickness.

System 10 of the present invention also can comprise the feed rolls 15 that is positioned at drum 12 downstreams.In one embodiment, when sheet 14 left drum 12, the feed rolls 15 that exists in system 10 can help sheet 14 to advance to the remainder of next stage and system 10.Should be noted that: the guiding material that exists on the sheet 14, though it is dispensable, but help lend some impetus to the direction of sheet 14 towards feed rolls 15, and subsequently on feed rolls 15 so that after this move along system 10, and this transmission medium can be continuous in band structure or the structure that formed by suitable band or material.

Still with reference to Figure 1B, system 10 may further include the adjustment roller 16 that is positioned at feed rolls 15 downstreams, and it can lateral adjustments, so that in system's 10 inner adjustment that help adjustment sheets 14 along its path, to be used for the formation of follow-up nanotube.Especially, comprise that adjustment roller 16 can help suitable alignment tabs 14, make it can harmonize and be fed in the cover cutting roller 17 and 18. Distributing roller 17 and 18 be nanotube or nanofiber 20, it can twine and be used for storage around accepting roller 19.

Thereby in embodiments, graphene sheet can be harmonized by feed rolls, so that determine the chirality angle of hexagonal spiral lattice structure around the axle of the CNT lattice structure that will form.After this, graphene sheet can be fed to cutting roller, so that destroy the covalent bond of graphene film by suitable cutter sweep.By this way, the diameter of the carbon nano tube structure that can really will form enough.

In one embodiment, can with drum 12 and be used for roller 15,16,17 and 18 about system 10 of the present invention be designed to have with at common characteristic like the feature class shown in the roller 24.Shown in Fig. 2 A and 2B, roller 24 can comprise the shell bearing 21 (being socket) that is used to hold the axle 22 that is connected to roller 24 each end.Shell bearing 21 plays the effect of backing roll 24, and a zone is provided, and axle 22 can rotate along with roller 24 rotations in this zone.In another embodiment, if desired, can design roller 24, make its terminal 201 and 202 (referring to Fig. 2 B) can replace axle 22 to work.In order to promote the rotation of roller 24 in shell bearing 21, can circumferentially and/or around axle 22 or terminal 201 and 202 bearing 23 be set circumferentially around the inner surface of shell bearing 21.

Be construed as: roller of the present invention and its parts separately, those as describing among Fig. 2 A and the 2B can be designed to virtually any size, geometry or form according to using and required mechanical torque turning effort, and scope is from nanometer or large scale more.Also can design one or more rollers,, on inside or outside, be bonded on the nanotube, or portion simply be centered on by nanotube within it so that allow the material introducing is become nanotube.

With reference now to Fig. 3,, is presented at and graphene film or other sheet material 14 cut into many technology when beginning, cover cutting roller 17 before the contact point between the roller and 18 cross sectional view.According to one embodiment of the invention, one in the cutting roller 17 and 18 can be designed to " public affairs " roller, and another can be designed to " mother " roller.As shown in Figure 3, cutting roller 18 can be designed to " public affairs " roller, and cutting roller 17 can be designed to " mother " roller.Explain although it is so, but be noted that cutting roller 18 can be designed to " mother " roller, and cutting roller 17 can be designed to " public affairs " roller.

Such as explained above, in one embodiment, cutting roller 18 can comprise the circumferential anchor ring of placing of the external surface peripheral of at least one roller 18 or (being the doughnut shape) structure 31 of ring-type.In some embodiments, can use many circuluses 31, as shown in Figure 3, each circulus 31 33 is spatially arranged to the opposite end successively from an end 32 of roller 18.The existence of circulus 31 provides a surface, sheet 14 can be placed on this surface at first, and sheet 14 can be cut into the bar that is used for follow-up nanotube shaping around on this surface.According to embodiment of the present invention, circulus 31 can pasted the outer surface of roller 18 and arranged, as shown in Figure 3.Perhaps, this circulus 31 can be a concave structure as 34 structure 34 complementations with geometry wherein, and is the convex configuration of shape complementarity.In such embodiments, two of each cutting roller recessed and convex geometry shapes hold them and coupling mutually each other.Circulus can be made of various materials, this material can have the extremely broad structural uncertainty as in the following areas: graphite (triangle) or diamond like carbon (tetrahedral) key, has the graphite of comprising, similar Fuller olefin structure can be the crystallization and/or the unbodied atomic arrangement of homogeneity or heterojunction structure, wherein such structure such as diamond or diamond-like materials and/or fullerene-based material such as class dimantine or CNT connect by electron beam welding and/or use the vacuum deposition method that can prepare this different atomic structures to form, being used for optimize adapting to industrial technology needs, wherein such technology be used for syndeton to itself be connected to other supporting structure such as the roller 18 of Fig. 3.

Still referring to Fig. 3, on the other hand, cutting roller 17 can comprise the grooves 34 of at least one circumferential arrangement around roller 17 surfaces, makes it complementally accept circulus 31 or other complementary structure on the cutting roller 18.If many circulus 31 rollers 18 are arranged, the groove 34 of similar number can be set on roller 17 then.In such embodiments, groove 34 can 36 arrange to the opposite end successively from an end 35 of roller 17, makes each groove 34 can hold relative circulus 31 or other complementary structure on the roller 18.It should be noted that: roller 17 and 18 one or both and preferred one or more circuluses on these rollers, can work to remove the radiator that nanotube forms the excessive heat that produces in the technology.Can select to be used to make the material of roller to small part according to heat-conductive characteristic.Similarly, other element of the equipment that contacts with the material that forms nanotube (any stage in forming process), as described herein, one or more materials of heat conduction can be comprised, and therefore radiator can be played.

Referring now to Fig. 4,, is presented at the contact point place between roller 17 and 18, cutting roller 17 among Figure 1B and 18 cross sectional view.Along with the contact point of sheet 14 between two rollers moves, sheet 14 becomes more curling gradually around circulus 31, and this causes POL L1 in Fig. 3 to the covalent bond of L8 place weakening graphene film 14.When the contact point between the arrival roller 17 and 18, be arranged on that the edge L1-L8 between the groove 34 (being POL) plays the effect that sheet 14 is applied enough mechanical forces on the roller 17, make the covalent bond in the sheet 14 be cut or destroy, cause forming curling graphene strips 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, 20E, 20F and 20G at POL L1-L8 place.In embodiments of the invention, apply extra energy and help the key of riving.This extra energy can provide by the mode of additional stretch graphene film width, so that key is applied additional stress.Similarly, also can cross graphene film to another roller (being respectively 17 or 18) by from roller 17 or 18 one of electric power for example provides.

In one embodiment, groove 34 can be designed to have the diameter of similar size,, make width that curling bar 20A-20G is provided with similar size as shown in Figure 3.Yet it is desirable to: the diameter dimension that groove 34 can be designed so that them changes, so that the bar of varying width is provided.And, as mentioned above, roller 17 and 18 and its parts separately can be virtually any size or yardstick, for example, nanoscale, millimeter level, micron order or macro-scale.

Yet, no matter its size, be noted that the groove 34 and the circulus 31 that lay respectively on roller 17 and 18 can be nanoscale or bigger feature dimensionally,, be used for the follow-up manufacturing nanotube or the structure of large scale more so that allow to form nanoscale or bigger bar 20A-20G.

With reference now to Fig. 5,, system 10 can further be provided with a cover forming rolls (not showing) in Fig. 1, so that further graphene strips 20A-20G is curled (i.e. distortion) becomes CNT.As shown in Figure 5, last forming rolls 5A and following forming rolls 5B, it can be nanometer taper shape, nanometer spirality or be made of diamond or diamond-like materials that they are arranged on the downstream of cutting roller 17 and 18.In one embodiment, among forming rolls 5A and the 5B each can constitute tapered sleeve (cone sets) or preliminary roller 3 up and down, respectively as Fig. 7 and 8, they can be with the spacer (not shown) around axle 1 space orientation, this spacer is used for providing the supporting that is provided by Fig. 2 B shell supporting structure 21 is provided, and prevents that described tapered sleeve or preliminary roller 3 from laterally moving.Each tapered sleeve or preliminary roller 3 comprise the groove district respectively.These grooves can change for geometry, so that promote the forming process of the asymptotic pipe of Figure 1A.In addition, on roller 1 Fig. 7 in 8 tapered sleeve or preliminary roller 3 can be preferably with another roller 1 on tapered sleeve or preliminary roller 3 relative arrangements, make formed groove can form passage, when curling graphene strips 20A-20G discharges from roller 17 and 18, by this passage, can hold curling graphene strips 20A-20G.Has the groove that diameter reduced gradually with respect to previous stage and preceding a plurality of stage by providing, thereby causing further curling of bar 20A-20G, the edge 3 on each bar 20A-20G that curls and 4 can push away near in each stage of the 5A of the preliminary roller 3 of Fig. 7 and 8 or Fig. 5 and 6 and 5B gradually towards each other.

In order to make edge 3 and 4 closer to each other gradually, 5A in a series of rollers 1 in Fig. 7 and 8 and preliminary roller 3 or Fig. 5 and 6 and 5B or tapered sleeve can be arranged on downstream each other, each preliminary roller 3 among Fig. 7 and 8 or the 5A in Fig. 5 and 6 and 5B all be provided with the groove that reduces gradually be used between the described preliminary roller 3 of Fig. 7 and 8 or Fig. 5 and 6 in 5A and the passage between the 5B.By this way, when Fig. 7 in 8 tapered sleeve or during arrange relative of 5A in 6 of preliminary roller 3 or Fig. 5 with 5B, can there be the passage that reduces successively for the bar 20A-20G that curls, make edge 3 and 4 can be successively each other progressively near (referring to Fig. 6) up to them enough near so that allow from the edge 3 to be connected with 4 dangling bonds that protrude, thereby form tubular structure by each graphene strips 20A-20C that curls etc., as described in Figure 8.

Perhaps, the width position of formed groove, the for example preliminary roller 3 among Fig. 7 and 8 or 5A in Fig. 5 and 6 and the diameter of 5B can run through downstream series of rollers 1 and keep identical, and the diameter of 5A in the preliminary roller in Fig. 7 and 83 or Fig. 5 and 6 and 5B and/or geometry can change.Tapered sleeve on the roller 1 among relative Fig. 7 and 8 or 5A and the spacing between the 5B in preliminary roller 3 or Fig. 5 and 6 can diminish gradually.In this mode, the passage that is formed by groove among relative tapered sleeve or 5A in preliminary roller 3 or Fig. 5 and 6 and the 5B among Fig. 7 and 8 diminishes gradually, makes edge 3 and 4 closer to each other successively.It is desirable to: in the diameter that the groove that forms between the preliminary roller 3 of Fig. 7 and 8 or 5A in Fig. 5 and 6 and 5B diminishes gradually and Fig. 7 and 8 between relative tapered sleeve or 5A in preliminary roller 3 or Fig. 5 and 6 and the 5B less spacing combine, can realize promoting edge 3 and 4 be connected, so that form nanotube by each graphene strips 20A-20G that curls.

Fig. 7 explains the operable possible another set of forming rolls of relevant system 10.Be not to have the left and right sides forming rolls relative with 5B with tapered sleeve 5A, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, but preliminary roller 3 up and down arranged, for example they can be arranged on the direction of roller 5A shown in relative Fig. 5 and 6 and 5B substantial lateral.The forming rolls (observing) that Fig. 7 provides a cover to rotate about 90 degree from the position of roller 5A and 5B from Fig. 5 and 6.As roller 5A and 5B, a series of preliminary rollers 3 can be set, have the groove diameter that reduces gradually, or reduce the spacing between the relative roll shaft 1 gradually, or both reduce simultaneously, so that promote the edge 3 of bar 20A-20G and 4 be connected.

Refer again to Figure 1B, system 10 be provided be arranged in cutting roller 17 and 18 and the 5A of the preliminary roller 3 of Fig. 7 and 8 or Fig. 5 and 6 and 5B downstream accept roller 19, in case the edge of the bar that each curls connects, form the continuous strand of nanotube or nanofiber or bigger tubular structure, this tubular structure or nanotube fibre bundle can advance to accepting roller 19 from 5A in the preliminary roller Fig. 7 and 83 or Fig. 5 and 6 and 5B.Especially, roller 19 can rotate, so that twine preliminary roller 3 or 5A in Fig. 5 and 6 and the nanotube bundle of 5B that comes from Fig. 7 and 8 around its outer surface in the mode of similar bobbin, is used for follow-up storage.When one position, back needs nanotube bundle, they can launch from accepting roller 19, and cut into the use Len req, or they can be used as the nanotube supply of making many walls nanotube (MWNT), wherein use this nanotube to replace the static nanotube 1A-1E of Figure 10 A and 10B and 11A and 11B, the nanotube of Xing Chenging can be used for moving with the nanotube of the new shaping of technology as shown in Figure 9 like this, this technology can be produced many walls nanotube, wherein, if desired, this technology can be connected into several similar steps, so that increase extra nanotube walls.

May need these nanotube bundles are carried out cutting to a certain degree so that generate the nanotube of Len req, this bundle can be for example separately or be used in combination mechanical energy, chemical energy, heat energy, laser energy, beam energy, ion beam energy, acoustic energy and/or any other energy and cut so that destroy the covalent bond of material internal.

Provide the system with described parts though be noted that Figure 1B, these parts can be arranged in any desirable mode.For example, feed rolls, adjustment roller, cutting roller and forming rolls can and be accepted the arrangement that is in line between the roller at storage tank, thus sheet 14 can straight line to the cutting roller supply, thereby the path of simplifying sheet 14.Realization make from sheet 14 nanotubes Figure 1A forming technology comprise still less and/or any equipment or the method for different elements all can be used.That is, can use the combination of any element that is described as the present device parts according to the present invention.In a kind of so non-limiting layout, the various piece with drum or roller can be compressed (condensed).In such structure, in the first step of technology, use cutting roller, wherein cutting roller scribbles the film of the suitable liquid of trichloro-benzenes or dichloro-benzenes or other, so that make graphene strips directly form etched nanoscale features with laser energy or other suitable energy such as electron beam and/or ion beam.Thus, produce the bar of Graphene according to the geometry of the nanoscale component (feature) of macroscopical roller, with opposite by graphene sheet mechanical molding or mechanical synthesizing graphite alkene bar.In such compression process with less step and/or element, Graphene can directly form bar on the nanoscale surface elements of roller, and this roller allows formed graphene strips bending, and allows the edge oneself to combine the formation pipe with them fully.In some cases, the graphene strips that forms may need by electricity consumption and/or magnetic field and/or pass through mechanical synthesis technique and handle the edge, further handle so that make the edge become key to form tubular structure, wherein the key at edge is closer to each other, is connected to form tubular structure or nanofiber to cause periphery keys.

Because it is preferred enough solid and firm to be used for the roller of relevant system 10 and 11, so that the degeneration that thermal expansion and consume are caused minimizes, the material of making them may need enough solid and firm.Therefore, operable material comprises: diamond or scribble diamond like carbon such as graphite, vitreous carbon or other carbon-based material such as the various forms of fullerene of solid material.In addition, they can comprise other material, as hard diamond, quartz or metal or other any suitable hard material such as any combination or the groundmass composite material of carbonization tin or tungsten carbide or suitable sclerosis.Such structure can be formed by various materials.This material can have extremely wide structural uncertainty, as aspect the key of graphite (triangle) or diamond like carbon (tetrahedral).They also can have crystallization and/or unbodied atomic arrangement, this atomic arrangement can comprise homogeneous or inhomogeneous structure, comprise simultaneously graphite, similar Fuller olefin structure.This structure can comprise diamond or diamond-like materials and/or fullerene-based material class dimantine (diamonoid) or the CNT as having connected and/or used vacuum deposition method to form by electron beam welding, it can prepare this different atomic structure to optimize the needs that are fit to employed industrial process, wherein uses these technologies to be formed with the structure of pass system 10 and 11.

With reference now to Fig. 9,, expression is used to make another system 11 of the nanotube of any definite length.In one embodiment, system 11 can comprise A portion, necessary basically system 10 and the additional B portion of duplicating basically shown in Figure 1B, so that two independently portions are provided, each one can produce complementary continuous graphene film, thus, the bar that curls can be from the cutting of A portion, forms the bundle or the fiber of tubular structure or nanofiber with the bar that curls from the cutting of B portion.

As system 10, system 11 can be designed to comprise respectively that portion within it holds the moisture volume of graphite raw material, for example the storage tank 11A and the 11B of Ye Tai dichloro-benzenes or trichloro-benzenes or other suitable liquid.Be construed as hereinafter: when the feature of finger system 11, those features that provide in A portion are with there being letter " A ", and those features that provide in B portion will be with letter " B " is arranged.

System 11 also can be included in separately storage tank 11A and bulging 12A and the 12B among the 11B.Drum 12A and 12B can partly be flooded, and as shown in Figure 9, or flood basically or flood fully, as long as their permissions uniform basically moisture raw-material thin layer of deposition on the outer surface 121B of outer surface 121A that rouses 12A and drum 12B.Can use guiding material or starting substrate (not shown) such as Mylar

, to promote the initiation of raw-material continous thin layer.In one embodiment, the guiding material can be arranged on outer surface 121A and the 121B, and raw material deposits thereon when each of drum 12A and 12B is rotated in storage tank separately to allow.

System 11 can further comprise source for example laser instrument 13A and the 13B that launches ionisation radiation respectively near drum 12A and 12B place.Can use laser instrument 13A and 13B, make the non-carbon atom on the liquid raw-material thin layer be ionized into gas, these non-carbon atoms can be emitted from this layer of feed stock material subsequently.After this, make the carbon atom of on layer of feed stock material, leaving over to form the graphene film 14A and the 14B of about single atomic thickness, be used to form nanotube.

In the downstream of this drum 12A and 12B, system 11 can be equipped with feed rolls 15A and 15B.In one embodiment, when sheet 14A and 14B when the remainder of system 11 leaves this drum 12A and 12B, feed rolls 15A and 15B can play the effect that helps sheet 14A and 14B to advance respectively.Be noted that the existence of guiding material on sheet 14A and 14B, though dispensable, can help lend some impetus to them towards feed rolls 15A and 15B direction, and subsequently on feed rolls 15A and 15B.

Still with reference to figure 9, system 11 may further include adjustment roller 16A and the 16B that lays respectively at feed rolls 15A and 15B downstream.According to an embodiment, can regulate and sheet 14A and 14B are suitably harmonized with adjustment roller 16A and 16B, so that this sheet is suitably harmonized and be fed to the cutting roller 17 and 18 of system 11.Accept roller 19 rotations, accept and be used to hold the nanotube 20 of manufacturing.

Present 10A with the aid of pictures is presented at graphene sheet 14A and 14B is cut into many process when beginning, cover cutting roller 17 before the contact point between the roller and 18 cross sectional view, and its cutting roller 17 and 18 is taken from Fig. 9.In one embodiment, each in the roller 17 and 18 can be designed to comprise a series of teeth of alternately arranging with shallow relatively groove 901 90 that circumferentially are positioned over from an end to a relative end around the roller and the groove 91 that comprises relative dark groove 911.Such design allow roller 17 with 18 each on each tooth 90 and another roller on 91 complementary couplings of relative groove, and be received in the relative groove 91 of another roller.

The design of this alternately groove allows to have platform or the mold former 93 of a plurality of tubular structure 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E in Figure 10 B, be arranged between roller 17 and 18 in the mode of aiming at tooth 90 and groove 91.

With reference to figure 10B, pipe 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E constitute mold former pipe 93, and be connected on static rod or the platform 92, this rod or platform 92 prevent that the pipe that connects from moving forward along the tubular structure of new formation, thereby model pipe 93 is stayed in position, played the mould action of forming technology.Though pipe 1A-1E is static, they are enough pliable and tough, and long enough, so that allow pipe to be positioned at the replaceable position shown in Figure 11 A.Should be noted that according to above-mentioned disclosed content, can be connected to radiator, anyly necessary remove heat from this technology so that help as the static nanotube of model.And static nanotube can be tapered, so that the effect that is obtained as when using above-mentioned nanocone to be used to form the pipe that diameter diminishes gradually is provided, and for example promotes the new periphery keys that forms of Graphene to lump together.

Model pipe 93 is similar to the circulus 31 among Fig. 3 on function, because it provides such surface, sheet 14A and 14B can be positioned on this surface at first, and sheet 14A and 14B can form around this surface, and cut into the bar that is used for forming subsequently nanotube.Be noted that each sheet 14A and 14B are arranged in the facing surfaces of model 93, so that can two 14A and 14B be separated in the centre by model pipe 93.In one embodiment, model pipe 93 can be made by a series of nanotube 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E etc., so that this pipe or model pipe 93 are fixed between relative tooth 90 and the groove 91 basically.In addition, model pipe 93 can be made the diameter that comprises any preliminary dimension, according to the size of the pipe that will form, can be nanoscale or bigger.

Present 11A with the aid of pictures, show: the contact point place between roller 17 and 18 comes from the cutting roller 17 of Fig. 9 and 18 cross sectional view.When the point of contact between two rollers moves through the apparent surface of platform 93 as sheet 14A and 14B, sheet 14A and 14B can become more curling gradually around each the nanotube 1A-1E on the platform 93, when tooth 90 moves closer to and enters groove opposite 91, cause the distortion of the covalent bond of graphene film 14A and 14B.When the contact point that arrives between the roller 17 and 18, tooth 90 can be designed as the nanotube 1A-1E that promotes on the platform 93, and the sheet 14A on its each side and 14B are securely and basically fully in groove opposite 91.The result is, tooth 90 plays a part to impose enough power clamping piece 14A and the surface of 14B, makes the covalent bond in the sheet be sheared or destroy, and causes forming the interim bar 14A of curling in platform 93 1 sides, opposite side at platform 93 forms the interim bar 14B that curls, shown in Figure 11 B.Thereby the bar 14A that curls is connected with 14B self, forms carbon nano tube structure 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and 20E.

Referring now to Figure 11 B,, show: the contact point place between roller 17 and 18 comes from the cross sectional view from cutting roller 17 and 18 graphene strips that form of Fig. 9.Top graphene film 14A is cut into edge 3A with new formation and the graphene strips of 4A, and also following graphene film 14B is cut into the edge 3B that also has new formation and the graphene strips of 4B.In Figure 11 A, because highly active key is tending towards own complete, cause edge 3A to be connected, and edge 4A is connected with 4B, thereby forms complete tubular structure 20A-20E with 3B.

In the another one embodiment, roller 17 and 18 each can be provided with the groove (not shown) of similar depths, groove relative on the roller 17 and 18 can be extended around the semi-circumference of the nanotube model 93 on the static platform 92.In this mode, when roller 17 and 18 arrived their contact point, relative groove can work with basically with the sheet 14A of nanotube model 93 and nanotube model 93 each side and 14B parcel therebetween on the roller 17 and 18.In addition, those be arranged between the groove on the roller 17 the edge (promptly, load point) can work and apply enough mechanical forces with the edge that those is arranged between the groove on the roller 18, so that cause the covalent bond among sheet 14A and the 14B to be sheared or to destroy, thereby cause forming curling bar 14A among Figure 11 B, and form the interim bar 14B that curls shown in Figure 11 B in the other side of nanotube model 93 in a side of nanotube model 93.

With reference now to Figure 11 B,, when on each side of the nanotube 1A of platform model 93, forming bar 14A and 14B, make each relative bar form nanotube 20A-20E etc. around the nanotube model 93 of platform 92 to 14A and 14B etc.Especially, since each relative bar to be arranged in model 93 around, edge 3A on the bar and 4A are enough near edge 3B and 4B on the relative bar, and these edges can be by the dangling bonds connection of protruding thus, so as by each bar to forming the nanotube 20A-20E among Figure 11 A.

With reference to figure 11A, after this, along with the pipe of new formation advances from roller 17 and 18, the position of the tube model 93 that nanotube 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and the 20E of each new formation can be from it around platform 92 be left or remove, and around accepting spool 19 storages (referring to for example Fig. 9).To the degree that will form double-walled nanotubes, can allow nanotube 20A-20E and model pipe 93 to move.In such embodiments, pipe 93 can supply between roller 17 and 18 from the spool of storage nano pipe.After this, when they when roller 17 and 18 advances, the double-walled nanotubes that is formed by nanotube 20A-20E and 1A-1E can store around accepting spool 19.If form many walls nanotube, the double-walled nanotubes that is formed by pipe 20A-20E and 1A-1E can be used as new model, as model 93, and repeats above-mentioned technology, until the nanotube that obtains to have required wall number.Certainly, be construed as: along with the increase of wall number, groove and/or teeth size also must become bigger gradually.For this reason, in the ending of each technology, the accepting spool and can move of nanotube, perhaps the pipe of Zhi Zaoing can directly be sent to the different system with big slightly groove and/or tooth.

When system 10 or 11 relates to when nanoscale structures for example interacts between graphene film and/or nanotube (promptly processed/be applied structure) and nano level roller, nanoscale groove/tooth or the nanoscale circulus (being processing structure), being controlled at moving between these nanoscale structures can realize by the interaction of the surface energy between processing structure and processed structure.

For example, because weak π key, graphene film supply process can realize that this key is kept contiguous graphite flake or layer by mechanical device, thereby the graphene layer that allows to make mechanical stripping by the machinery supplier roller away from each other, and wherein feed rolls can be a nanoscale or bigger.The separation of this graphite linings is because the mechanical cleavage of the activity of the graphite crystallization that the moment of torsion that applies by feed rolls portion causes, and it overcomes the weak π bond energy of single graphene film.Because graphene film is from the graphite raw material mechanical stripping, the surface energy of feed rolls and graphene film will interact, and graphene film itself is aimed at the lattice structure of the setting of feed rolls.If use nanotube or big nanotube or a series of nanotube, then the chirality of employed nanotube can determine the next stage of this technology will be arranged and be fed to this graphene film of peeling off how.In this mode, need to realize two tasks: 1) from graphite raw material supply monolithic Graphene and 2) the machinery adjustment of graphene film, this determines the lattice structure or the chirality angle of formed nano tube structure.

See Figure 12 and 13 now, roller of the present invention no matter whether be nano-grade size or bigger, all can be connected to driving mechanism, to impel its rotation.Relevant nanoscale roller is described below, but certainly suitably is amplified to necessary size.In one embodiment, driving mechanism 110 can be by many nanogears, and for example tubular structure 111,112 and 113 constitutes.

As described in Figure 12, tubular construction 111 can adhere to gear teeth 114 at its outer surface.In one embodiment, gear teeth 114 can be as the recessed or protruding shape among Figure 13, and can in addition, can arrange tooth 114 near a series of tooth 114 circumferential arrangement around outer surface, makes their supporting another nano tube structure such as structures 112.Similar to structure 111, structure 112 and 113 is adhered to many gear teeth 115 and 116 around its outer surface respectively.In one embodiment, gear teeth 115 and 116 can be a nanotube, and can come circumferential arrangement near a series of other nanotube teeth around separately tubular construction 112 and 113.As shown in figure 12, gear teeth 114,115 and 116 can be the tooth 115 on tooth 114 contained structures 112 that are enough to allow on the structure 111, and allows size, shape and the spacing of the tooth 116 on tooth 115 contained structures 113 on the structure 112.Nanogears 111,112 and 113 size and number can change, and can be with its any various combinations with respect to another structural configuration.

Figure 13 explains another embodiment of the nanogears that is used for relevant system of the present invention. Nano tube structure 121 and 122 can its separately outer surface around set up gear teeth 123 and 124.In one embodiment, gear teeth 123 and 124 can be recessed and/or protruding shape, and can its separately structure 121 and 122 around come circumferential arrangement near a series of other gear teeth.As the gear teeth situation of Figure 12, make these gear teeth location so that according to the suitable shape, spacing and the number that utilize gear teeth, the gear teeth of structure 121 can with the gear teeth engagement on the structure 122.

According to an embodiment, gear teeth 114,115 and 116 can comprise that benzene or naphthalene molecule or any other can be coupled to molecule and/or atom on nanotube 111,112 or 113.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the nano-machine system can be summarized as follows: this system can comprise standing part, as holds nano bearing and be connected to the roller bearing of the outer ring of nano bearing.This system may further include the part of rotation, and as nanoshafts, it can be connected to the inner ring of nano bearing.In one embodiment, roller can be incorporated various structures into.A kind of possible structure comprises the roller former of the nanoscale formation with feed rolls.Feed rolls can be made and comprise formed nanometer tubular axis or nanoshafts.Cutting roller can or have the roller formation of the annulus nanotube of the opening that is connected to or descends the closed circle nanotube on the cutting roller and be connected to down or go up cutting roller with the nanometer tubular axis.Deflector roll or model roller can form the nanocone structure, and the nanometer tubular axis of the centralized positioning that this can be by described nanocone structure maintains the appropriate location.Such nanoshafts can allow the nanocone structure freely to rotate, and wherein the nanometer axle head maintains the appropriate location by the rigid body with spacer between the nanocone.When it rotated, spacer can also work to keep the adjustment of described nanocone.

Perhaps, nanoshafts can be connected on the described nanocone, in this case, allows the nanometer the tip of the axis to rotate freely in nano bearing or its sleeve.Nano bearing can hold by endsocket in this embodiment, and it is a rigid body.Another possible structure is nanotube roll structure microcosmic and/or macro-size and/or huge, and wherein the surface has nanoscale features and/or structure.Further possible structure is following structure: this structure is used in combination from the energy field in laser and/or electron beam and/or ion beam or other suitable source such as magnetic and/or electric field with control supply, cutting and forming process, this process is not pure nano-machine synthesis technique, but is nanoscale in processing and forming technology.

In another embodiment, can realize system of the present invention, and need not roller former section.For example, the distortion of graphene sheet is enough in the roller cutting part so that the dangling bonds at the edge of graphene sheet connects, and roller former section needn't be finished the nanotube forming technology.In one embodiment, this nanotube can use nanoscale trace or method for marking to form, and in such technology, can use positive die and complementary negative die or die section, is similar to Fig. 3 of continuous process and 4 up-down rollers.

See Figure 14 and 15 now; positive die or top 1 and negative die or bottom 4 can be provided; they can hold each other so that when making the contact of their physics in manufacture process; last stamp sections 1 can comprise at least one from top 1 arm that stretches out 2 and the tip 3; wherein the tip 3 can be made of nanotube; it can stretching one-tenth page (straight into the page), and two ends are connected to form as the toroidal in Fig. 3 and 4.Following stamp sections 4 can comprise groove 6, can complementary hold the tip 3 that comes from top and enter.Bottom 4 also can comprise POL L1, L2, L3 and L4, and graphene sheet 5 is placed on it.

As described in Figure 15, when top 1 began to touch bottom 4, the graphene sheet 5 that the tip 3 can promote to be arranged on POL L1, L2, L3 and the L4 entered the groove 6 of complementary shape.When graphene sheet 5 is pushed in the groove 6, can make sheet material be sheared or destroy its covalent bond at POL L1, L2, L3 and L4 place, thereby cutting graphite alkene sheet material 5.Being noted that to provide the groove 6 with such diameter, so that produces the nano tube structure with similar size diameter.In case the tip 3 sees and can move that the plane outside the perpendicular principal direction so that if this tip is straight, then allows the tip 3 to withdraw from from following stamp sections 4 towards nearly reader in groove 6 from Figure 15.In toroidal, the tip 3 can be rolled onto the other end from an end of following stamp sections 4.When the tip 3 was removed or rolls out, the graphene sheet 5 that cuts into 6A, 6B and 6C portion in the following bottom of stamp sections 4 allowed to stay in separately the groove.Because the edge of cutting blade 6A-C is neighbouring in groove, periphery keys unsettled on the edge of each cutting blade 6A-C is connected, thereby produce nanotube.In one embodiment, can before die technology, make graphene sheet 5 distortion.Perhaps, graphene sheet 5 shape that can remain unchanged before die technology.The distortion of this sheet material also can be applied in the above-mentioned technology.In above-mentioned technology, can use to apply electricity and/or magnetic field promotes to remove the pipe that has completed from mould or die process.

Though describe (being that cross section is circular) with pipe, being noted that to provide the tip 3 and the complemental groove 6 with any cross-sectional geometry, as long as the tip 3 can complementally be contained in groove 6 inside.Perhaps, the tip 3 can be the non-complementary shape with respect to groove 6, as long as the tip 3 is assemblied in groove 6 inside.This is because the graphene film 5 of cutting in case cut, can roughly form the tubular nanometer pipe after the edge of brace 5.

In addition, stamp sections can be various labyrinths up and down, the three dimensional pattern structures of branch for example, and the etching or the sedimentary deposit that can comprise material, as diamond or diamond like carbon or trace structure, or other suitable material, carrying out mechanical die process in order to form nanotube, or other complicated three-dimensional structure.Also should note: going up stamp sections 1 can be roller portion, and stamp sections 4 can be a non-roller portion down, or portion 1 and 4 can be continuous roller technology or its any combination.

According to an embodiment of the invention, method for marking can allow to make nanotube in the mode of highly control, as CNT, so that employed die can determine to constitute the carbon atom number of nano tube structure circumference.Specifically, can provide top 1 and bottom 4 with predetermined circle or diameter dimension, graphene sheet can cut into this size, and can be formed the nanotube of regulation (specific) diameter by it.The chirality of nanotube can be by being used for method for marking graphene sheet or the adjustment of other sheet material control.Thereby the chiral vector of the formed nano tube structure of control is provided, and (n, the device of two components m) wherein can form the nanotube of left-handed chirality and dextrorotation chirality.

Stamp sections 1 and 4 physical size also can be determined the length of formed nanotube up and down.Specifically, the length dimension of stamp sections can make graphene sheet 5 or other sheet material be cut up and down, and forms the nano tube structure of similar length.

The die technology that provides in this article can be batch-type or continuous technology or method, and can by use will with material determine.For example, can be with the long nano tube structure of continuous process manufacturing, and can be used for wherein can limiting the application of the length of nano tube structure with batch technology for special applications such as electronics and display.Die process of the present invention also allows to make nanotube with cost effective manner.This allows to be used for the batch process of the nanotube of various application.

In use, can make CNT with single graphene film.This sheet can be rolled into hollow cylinder with continuous process, and it can be called as single-walled nanotube (SWNT) structure.CNT also can be rolled into the cylinder of concentric arrangement by several graphene films, and it is called as many walls nanotube (MWNT) structure.In addition, each of these nanotubes has many mutation, and they are distinguished by two Serial No.s (n, m) that are called chiral vector.The first digital n represents the number of the atom around the nanotube circumference, and the second digital m represents around the deviation angle of the lattice structure of nanotube.If second numeral is zero, then nanotube is called as the armchair nanotube.If two numerals equate (n=m), then nanotube is called as the nanotube of zigzag.Otherwise they are called as chiral nanotubes, and it can be dextrorotation or left-handed in chirality.

Be used to form or make the nano-machine of MWNT or mechanical synthesis technique and make the similar of SWNT, difference is that formed structure comprises the layer of the graphene film that is added, so that the cylinder or the pipe of generation concentric arrangement or formation.The broad range of feedstock sheet material can use in this nano-machine or mechanical synthesis technique, for example, but be not limited to: protein, organic molecule, inorganic molecule, Graphene, polymer, metal, metal oxide, metal nitride, pottery or any atom and any matrix or its combination.In addition, and as discussed in detail below such, and the raw material sheet material can comprise base material (for example Graphene) and uncommon alloy or atom in this raw material.Alloy can be the displacement of one or more atoms of base material typical structure, maybe can be extra component, as covalently or ion be bonded to raw-material lip-deep atom.

The nanotube of producing according to embodiment of the present invention can be useful in various application, comprises the enhancing of material such as glass, metal, matrix or composite.The material of these enhancings can be used to make the article of macroscopic view, as tire, aircraft frames, spaceship, hull, construction, dolly, truck, train, track for a train, road and bridge.The filter that also can be used for chemistry, electricity, medicine and mechanical systems applications according to the nanotube of embodiment of the present invention production.

The nano tube structure that forms according to embodiment of the present invention needn't be made of carbon.The material that forms nanotube can be further by for example following method control and change, in the method in the progressive forming process, in any desirable interval and/or position, single atom and/or molecule can place the central inner or the outer surface of nano tube structure, or the inside of nanotube lattice.This layout in the nanotube lattice can realize by using the relevant roller that obtains or other suitable device such as electronics and/or ion beam, wherein single atom and/or molecule the surface of employed sheet material and/or and/or the bonding position at lattice structure and/or edge on be inserted into or remove.In the formation of nanotube, before the edge of sheet material connects into tubular construction, edge and/or other position on that atom and/or molecule can be positioned at nano tube structure or the outer surface.The constituting atom and/or the molecule of the nanotube lattice that control forms like this.Such structure can cause forming the quantum state structure, thereby allows to form multi-quantum pit structure (MQWS).This (MQWS) be since as with atom such as hydrogen atom bonding, be bonded in the plane sp on the nanotube surface ²Be changed to local sp ³Key, thereby influence the conduction band structure of electricity and/or photonic propulsion performance, all performances can be along the length variations of formed nano tube structure.For example, this band can scatter on nano tube structure, can be any length or interval, maybe can be made up of the part band, thereby allow to form or make new SQW superstructure, this new SQW superstructure can allow to realize unique band gap engineering.The illustration of this structure comprises the hyperfrequency transistor arrangement, solid-state laser, photodetector, the low-k encapsulation, the heat and the electricity of cutting are led, waveguide structure, superenergy density capacitor and poly-ceramic system (polyceramic systems), polychrome and optical pickup, bionical synthetic material, the metal matrix of nanostructured and system, the wave filter that scribbles fluorescence that is used for the detection of biological preparation, artificial muscle, solar cell, the coating of control atomic layer, nanophotonics, battery and fuel cell technology, light-emitting device, senior imaging technique, microcosmic and nanoscale electromechanical system, spinning electron equipment, with single electron equipment such as single-electronic transistor and sensor.

The method of the mechanization effect of nano-machine synthesis technique inside can be for example by applying mechanical torque and realize to being connected to gear teeth on nano tube structure such as nanoshafts or the roller.Perhaps, can use laser electric field or the nanotube gear intermediary that directly causes the CNT rotation.Such mechanization effect can realize by the interaction of the power between free charge in the nanometer body and the laser electric field that is applied.

A kind of possible purposes can be the cable from formed long nano tube structure manufacturing conduction.For such cable, the electrical conductivity that can have is significantly higher than the electrical conductivity of copper, and is approximately high 1000 times.And the donor atom that is doped to or inserts this long nano tube structure can form hyperconductive cable, and it can be a high-temperature superconductor.

Another possible purposes is: in conjunction with the conductor cable of this length, wherein this conductor cable can produce electric power in the mechanical process of macroscopic view.Especially, can realize the physical bend or the distortion of described conductor cable, thereby provide mechanical energy to convert electric energy to, as using with the application of piezoelectric film at present.These piezoelectric films can be used as sensor, also can be used in combination nanotube in film, so that increase performance level and reliability.

In another embodiment, can use nanostructured to change by this way, launch and directly apply power, so that realize machinery supplier, rolling, cutting and the shaping of raw material sheet material such as Graphene, so that form nano tube structure from the raw material sheet material of suitable adjustment.This adjustment can realize that electricity that wherein applies and/or magnetic field can be used for making raw material to harmonize and or supply because static, hydrogen bond, covalency and Van der Waals force interaction are organized into sheet by for example using surfactant to make raw material.This technology will be made CNT and other nano tube structure, it can make adjustment raw material sheet machinery supplier, rolling, cut and be configured as nano tube structure, so that control degreeof tortuosity or chirality angle in the formed nano tube structure.

Can in making up the nano-machine system, use various nanostructureds.For example, in the formation of nanotube and/or other fullerene, can use CNT and/or other fullerene such as bucky-ball (buckyballs), carbon nanometer spiraltron, nanocoil, carbon nanocone, nano-interface and other this nanostructured, these also can be used for the formation of nanoscale gear, motor, roller, cutter, bar and tube, and all these can be assembled to the nanoscale manufacturing that is used for nano tube structure in the nano-machine machine.This nano-machine can be made of SWNT and/or MWNT, wherein, can have gear teeth, and gear teeth can comprise atom and/or molecule and/or other fullerene structure that is bonded on the nano tube structure.The manufacturing of nano-machine can comprise that also nanometer connects, so that can the physical connection nanostructured be used to constitute the more complicated nanometer equipment with such connection.

The nano tube structure of nanotube such as carbon or boron nitride nano-tube or any other type can system and a method according to the invention be constructed, and this system and method can be used in combination the material of organic and/or non-organic molecule such as nylon, cellulose, protein or hemicellulose type.In one embodiment, the invention provides the adjustable method that a kind of nanotube produces, this method allows from any combination or atom and/or molecule such as protein, organic molecule, inorganic molecule, Graphene, polymer, metal, metal oxide, metal nitride, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, pottery or any atom and its composite construction application-specific kind.This new structure provides unique physics, chemistry and electrical property.

The passage of hollow is provided according to the nanotube of embodiment of the present invention manufacturing, it can customize, so that contain to effective specific molecular of given application and/or atom, for example high temperature superconductive wire that electricity, electronics are calculated and storage system is used, solar cell, fuel cell, processing and/or produce the photon nanotube and the high-resolution display that are used for light source of new generation and/or Computer Processing and/or storage system and/or network architecture of light.According to the nanotube of embodiment of the present invention manufacturing also can be used for relevant biology sensor and medicine transport system, medical application of new generation such as tendon or ligament reparation, neural reparation, bone reparation, eyes reparation, sense of hearing reparation and whole prosthetics and scope from disease treatment to the industry manufacturing such as plastics to many application in the field of optical information storage and calculating.

System and method of the present invention also can strengthen the validity of current manufacture method, because material yield of the present invention allow such nanometer, micron, millimeter, in and/or macroscopical manufacture process, with by such nano tube structure being attached to advantage and the special performance that comes the combining nano tubular construction in the various article of being produced.

And, have been found that: CNT of the present invention can be attached in the macrostructure, so that increase structural intergrity and the sensing (sensing) of macrostructure is provided.For example, in bridge, building, ship, aircraft, rail or track for a train and road, spaceship structure and deployable thing (deployables), avionics and electronics, high velocity star internet, Space Dynamic (space power) and propulsion system and road, the existence of these nanotubes can show stress or wearing and tearing except the structural intergrity that increase is provided.Also nanotube of the present invention can be applied to the article of less macro-scale, as car, bus, truck, bicycle, tire or any part or assembly or textiles, can strengthen with CNT,, and provide sensing function so that strengthen their structural intergrity.

Be noted that in embodiments of the invention, can many feed rolls, cutting roller and the forming rolls of structure by this way be installed on the machine: make applying under the situation of input torque, may cause and keep the technology that forms nano tube structure.

In nanotube design, pay close attention to the covalent bond that destroys between the atom.In order to realize this purpose, mechanical device can be provided, roller can make the distortion of material piece material and prune (pinch) raw material sheet material thus, so that shear or destroy the covalent bond of raw material sheet material.After this, can sheet be cut into required width, and partly form tubulose, shown in position among Fig. 13 with cutting roller.

Except the embodiment of the manufacturing system that is used to make article at present, can use any combination of above-mentioned embodiment, thereby because the beneficial characteristics of the nano tube structure of making according to this patent, the serviceability that increases validity and help manufacturing system or a plurality of systems of current macroscopic view, and the relevant performance level that strengthens described article, if desired, this patent also can be used for the combination of above-mentioned embodiment and embodiment.

Though described exemplary of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.For the easy understanding of those of ordinary skills: various modifications can be arranged, and these modifications are contained in the scope of the present invention, as following claims define.In claims, add at operative installations under the situation of function items, they are intended to comprise structural principle as herein described, as function as described in carrying out, and be not only structural equivalents and be the equivalence structure.

As being not as limiting its all provided details in the method for the present invention described in the context of preferred embodiment herein.Can modify and change it, and not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention.For example, aspect it is wider in principle of the present invention other manufacturing system that can be applied to produce macroscopical article, this manufacturing system is used in combination the nano tube structure of manufacturing, as described herein.

Claims (20)

1. system that is used to produce nanotube, described system comprises:

The sheet material that is suitable for forming nanotube is applied the equipment of mechanical stress;

The rive equipment of this sheet material; With

Supply or remove the equipment of this sheet material.

2. system according to claim 1, wherein, this three equipment comprises single equipment.

3. system according to claim 1, wherein, this equipment that applies mechanical stress comprises two rollers close to each other, and these two rollers have the roughly geometry of complementary surface, to cause through the distortion of the material mechanical between two surfaces, to imitate the geometry on two surfaces.

4. system according to claim 1, wherein, the equipment of this this sheet material of riving comprises two rollers, each roller comprises himself surface separately, each described roller adjustable ground is installed to this equipment, so that they can be each other enough closely arrange, so that this sheet material is rived.

5. system according to claim 1, wherein, this supply or the equipment of removing this sheet material comprise two rollers close to each other, and these two rollers have the roughly geometry of complementary surface, to cause through the distortion of the material mechanical between two surfaces, to imitate the geometry on two surfaces.

6. system according to claim 1, it further comprises makes this sheet material form generally tubular or circular equipment.

7. system according to claim 1, it further comprises an equipment, this equipment made this material harmonize before this material enters equipment to the equipment of this material stress application or this material of riving.

8. system according to claim 1, it further comprises makes the material of riving fuse into the fusing apparatus of nanotube.

9. system according to claim 1, it further comprises and is used to store or holds the material of being rived or the equipment of nanotube.

10. system according to claim 1, it further comprises the equipment of making Graphene.

11. a technology of making nanotube, described technology comprises:

The material of at least a suitable formation nanotube is provided;

To this material stress application so that its distortion;

This material of riving;

Make this material form circular or tubulose, and this material itself is fused or be fused to one or both other materials to form nanotube.

12. technology according to claim 11, wherein this material is a Graphene.

13. technology according to claim 11, wherein this stress is mechanical stress.

Apply enough mechanical pressures 14. technology according to claim 11, this material of wherein riving comprise, make the covalent bond fracture in the grapheme material.

15. technology according to claim 11 wherein makes material form circular or tubulose and is included in and has at least a portion it shows as between two rollers of circular and supply graphene film in the surface separately,

Wherein each described roller comprises: the relative shape of another roller complementations along one or more places of this roller, so that two surperficial collaborative works make this material form circular or tubulose, and

Wherein rive and be shaped and take place simultaneously simultaneously or basically.

16. technology according to claim 11 wherein makes this material form circular or tubulose is to carry out after this material of riving.

17. technology according to claim 11 wherein fuses spontaneous generation.

18. technology according to claim 11, wherein this technology is continuous processing.

19. one kind has length and is at least 1 meter nanotube.

20. nanotube according to claim 19, wherein this nanotube has the length that is at least 10 meters.

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