CN1014258B

CN1014258B - Sping

Info

Publication number: CN1014258B
Application number: CN 85101714
Authority: CN
Inventors: 哈里森
Original assignee: Dunlop Ltd
Current assignee: BTR Industries Ltd
Priority date: 1985-04-01
Filing date: 1985-04-01
Publication date: 1991-10-09
Also published as: CN85101714A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a spring (10) which can be used for vehicle suspension devices. The spring (10) comprises a rubber body (11), wherein a part of the cross section of the rubber body is solid near a first end surface (12), but the cross section of the rubber body is hollow on a second end surface. In the researched directions, the external dimension of the cross section of a first part (14) is gradually increased over the length of the rubber body (11) away from the first end surface (12), but the external dimension of the cross section of a second part (15) is gradually decreased over the length of the rubber body connecting to the second end surface (13).

Description

Sping

The present invention relates to a kind of spring, especially a kind of elastic material spring.This elastomeric spring is commonly used to bear the compressive load that acts on first direction between two relative petiolarea, the petiolarea of this spring can have free deflection to a certain degree in perpendicular to the plane on above-mentioned first direction simultaneously.

Spring according to the present invention is constructed as follows:

An elastomer flexible between two relative petiolareas, on the described petiolarea on first direction applied pressure bear by elastomer.Elastomeric shape main shaft with respect to spring in the cross section of being studied is symmetrical.Near aforementioned first petiolarea, elastomer is solid, and near second petiolarea, elastomer is hollow, and on the length that is risen by first petiolarea, the cross-sectional dimension of elastomeric first portion increases gradually, and on the length till said second petiolarea, elastomeric cross-sectional dimension reduces gradually.

On said first direction, just on the major axes orientation of spring, from elastomeric first petiolarea to the opposite is on the length of said second petiolarea, and the first portion that diameter increases gradually preferably accounts for 50% of length at least, and the 60%-90% that accounts for length is better.

On the length on the said first direction, elastomeric hollow parts preferably accounts for 10% of length at least, and accounts for below 80% of length.Be more preferably hollow parts and account for 40% of spring length at least, be preferably between the 50%-70%.

In the cross section perpendicular to main shaft, the largest outer dimension of spring preferably is positioned at the position that cross section is an annular, just is positioned at hollow parts.

In the described plane that comprises the elastomer main shaft, the elastomer profile preferably is made of the first portion and the second portion of spring, and like this, in this plane, elastomeric outer surface is a convexity.

In the cross section perpendicular to main shaft, elastomeric outer wheels profile is normally circular, and interior line is also normally circular, form the cavity of spring with this, make spring the load effect under, perpendicular to main shaft each in a lateral direction, have the feature of uniform distortion.Yet under inhomogeneous situation, said inside and outside molded lines one or both of all is not a circle, under many occasions, thinks that oval molded lines is particularly useful.

An elastomeric every end or an end can be made of rigid member, for example are made of sheet metal.Elastomer is coupled, for example, is bonded together.Another kind method, an elastomeric petiolarea can be itself surface, pressure can be applied on this face.

When each petiolarea of elastic material all connected a rigid member, the largest outer dimension of the connection area of first petiolarea preferably was less than the largest outer dimension that second petiolarea connects area.

Two or more elastomers can be one another in series together.In this connection, the petiolarea of a spring can be an elastic material, and can link to each other with the next one elastic material of spring petiolarea of this elastic material directly links to each other.Another kind method, a rigid member is placed between two elastomers, and is connected with these two elastomeric petiolareas; Perhaps, two petiolareas of facing all are rigid members, and two rigid members are connected together.

When with two elastomer series connection, preferably first petiolarea separately is adjacent, and hollow parts is outside.

Elastomeric recessed portion preferably is a cavity at least in part, this cavity pressure around produces deflection deformation down, therefore, when second petiolarea is a rigid plate, be preferably with an opening on this plate face, this opening communicates with cavity, allows air stream or other surrounding medium turnover cavity.

When itself was applied to draft hitch, elastomer was preferably arranged like this, make that the outer surface of the second portion that outside dimensions reduces gradually moved closer to rigid member, and is supported by rigid member when it was compressed on said first direction.The end plate that said rigid member can be on the elastomer to be connected also can be and plate that this end plate is irrelevant.

Two embodiments of the present invention are once described now in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is according to the spring sectional drawing under the no-load condition of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view along 2-2 line among Fig. 1.

The similar Fig. 1 of Fig. 3, but the state of demonstration spring pressurized.

Fig. 4 is second an embodiment's of the present invention sectional view.

Spring 10 comprises an elastomer 11, and this elastomer cross section is normally circular, and is connected between the

metal end plate

12,13.

Elastomer 11 is made up of first portion 14 and remaining second portion 15.First portion 14 is since first end plate 12, and in one direction, diameter increases gradually, and the diameter of remaining second portion 15 reduces gradually.Elastomer 11 is symmetrical with respect to main shaft 19, and this main shaft 19 is parallel to the normal compressive load direction of spring.

As shown in Figure 2, the cross section of elastomeric second portion 15 and first portion 14 is rings, and has constituted the cavity 16 in the elastomer.Shown in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 1, cavity is a U-shaped, and cavity accounts for 60% length by 13 beginnings of second end plate between two plates.

The cross-sectional view of Fig. 2 is a Transverse plane of taking between first portion 14 and the second portion 15, promptly has the plane of maximum outside diameter.This plane is positioned at two and separates between end plate, on the length of first block of plate about 70%.

First block of plate 12 is disc-shapes, but second block of plate is ring, can allow air stream to free in and out cavity 16 like this.

The external diameter of two end plates is just the same, and basic identical with the maximum outside diameter of elastomer 11.Under most of load-up conditions, this size of end plate is enough, and when the elastomer pressurized,

end plate

12,13 can play supporting role to the outer surface 17,18 of

elastomer

14,15 parts.

Fig. 3 represents spring shown in Figure 1 situation under pressure, and its end plate supports the appropriate section of the outer surface 17,18 of elastomer 11 respectively.

In by second embodiment of the present invention that Fig. 4 described, spring is made up of two elastomers arranging back-to-back, and each elastomer structure is the elastomer 11 described in first embodiment in fact just.

Two elastomers 21 are adjacent with its solid section 22, and free cavity segment 23 arranged towards the outside.

Two elastomeric solid sections 22 are connected on the two sides of a sheet metal 24, simultaneously, the assembly of plate 24 and two elastomers 21 is connected between the pair of metal end plate 25,26, each tip plate configurations is similar to second block of plate 13 in the first embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of end plate approximates corresponding elastomeric maximum outside diameter, and the external diameter of plate 24 equates substantially with the external diameter of plate 25,26.

Clearly, spring of the present invention with make traditional spring of hourglass type differ widely usually, also the British Patent No. with us is 1,586, the described spring of 068 specification differs widely, in these traditional springs, on the partial-length of the spring on direction by compression, boundary dimension increases gradually, and on remaining length, spring boundary dimension reduces gradually, compares with common spring, under identical ballast conditions, the part that spring outside dimensions of the present invention reduces gradually has the ability of the very strong relative lateral deflection of adaptation.On the contrary, the common spring flexible with having same lateral compared, and spring of the present invention can afford bigger compression load.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of spring that is applicable to suspension device for vehicle, for example can be used in our the sort of suspension device for vehicle that is numbered the related subject in 8408167 the UK Patent Application specification, this spring is the improvement of documents GB1586068 spring.

Said herein this spring has been described in the specification of above-mentioned application, and this spring also is applicable in the pneumatic spring chamber, just in case in the chamber partly or entirely during pressure release, this spring can provide the effect of supporting.In addition, spring of the present invention also can be used for outside, pneumatic spring chamber, with this spring ballast that suspension device for vehicle is born when resisting normal use that is together in series.

Claims

1, a kind of spring (10) comprising:

Separate each other and close first and second rigid members (12,13) that are disposed at two ends relatively,

Elastomer (11), this elastomer stretches between a pair of relative petiolarea, and links on the described relative rigid member (12,13), therefore, acts on the pressure of the first direction on the described rigid member (petiolarea), and be subjected to elastomeric compression and resist,

From the arbitrary cross section of spring at the main shaft (19) of described first direction stretching, extension, this elastomeric shape is symmetrical,

Near described first rigid member (petiolarea) (12), elastomer is solid, and near described second rigid member (petiolarea) (13), this elastomer is the cylindric of hollow,

It is characterized in that, when no external force applies on the described first direction, one section elastomer from first rigid member (petiolarea) (12) stretching, extension, promptly in first portion (14) scope, the outside dimensions of described elastomer (11) cross section increases gradually, and extends one section elastomer of described second rigid member (petiolarea) (13), promptly in second portion (15) scope, the outside dimensions of its cross section reduces gradually

From containing the plane of described main shaft (19), described first and second parts (14,15) external form of convexity is respectively arranged, and, the stretching, extension of described second portion exceeds 10% of elastomer length at least, have described hollow the length of elastomer point elasticity body cylindraceous between the rigid member of described relative configuration 10 to 80%

First petiolarea connects the largest outer dimension of the largest outer dimension of area less than second petiolarea connection area, and, the curved profile (17) of the first portion of spring length (14) has a centre of curvature at least, on the direction of second rigid member (13), this centre of curvature is positioned at from first rigid member (12) than the farther part in cross section (2-2) that is largest outer dimension from this elastomer.

2, according to the spring of claim 1, it is characterized in that the first portion (14) that diameter increases gradually, on the first direction of said spring, account for 50% of the length of elastomer (11) between opposite end rigid member (12,13) at least.

3,, it is characterized in that first portion (14) that size increases gradually accounts for the 60%-90% of elastomer (11) length according to the spring of claim 2.

4,, it is characterized in that the cavity of elastomer (11) accounts for 40% of elastomer length at least according to the spring of claim 1.

5,, it is characterized in that the cavity of elastomer (11) accounts for the 50%-70% of elastomer length according to the spring of claim 4.

6,, it is characterized in that having at least an end rigid member to constitute by rigid plate according to the spring of claim 1.

7, according to the spring of claim 1, it is characterized in that having disposed a kind of rigid support element (12,13), the outer surface (17,18) of elastomer (11) is contacted with it.

8,, it is characterized in that described rigid support element comprises the outskirt of end rigid member according to the spring of claim 7.

9, according to the spring of claim 1, it is characterized in that recessed portion to small part is a cavity (16), this cavity communicates with external pressure.

10, according to the spring of claim 1, it is characterized in that spring length second portion (15) curved profile (18) arbitrary centre of curvature all than arbitrary centre of curvature of the curved profile (17) of the first portion (14) of spring length more near first rigid member (12).

11,, it is characterized in that the curved profile (18) of the second portion (15) of spring length has a centre of curvature that is positioned at described cross section (2-2) at least according to the spring of claim 10.

12, according to the spring of claim 1 or 11, it is characterized in that locating at the cross section (2-2) of elastomeric outer size maximum, elastomer (11) is the cylindric of hollow.

13,, it is characterized in that described spring is assemblied in the pneumatic spring outside with serial fashion according to each described spring among the claim 1-12.