CN101423019A - 用于监测机电式变速器的输出的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于监测机电式变速器的输出的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101423019A
CN101423019A CNA2008101739509A CN200810173950A CN101423019A CN 101423019 A CN101423019 A CN 101423019A CN A2008101739509 A CNA2008101739509 A CN A2008101739509A CN 200810173950 A CN200810173950 A CN 200810173950A CN 101423019 A CN101423019 A CN 101423019A
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torque
operator
gear
indication
request
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CN101423019B (zh
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W·R·考索恩
L·G·沃兹尼亚克
P·A·斯塔诺夫斯基
H·布尔
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/902Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors

Abstract

本发明涉及用于监测机电式变速器的输出的方法和设备,具体而言公开了一种控制混合动力系统的方法,包括监测操作员转矩请求,根据操作员转矩请求确定最大和最小的允许变速器输出转矩,确定指示的变速器输出转矩,以及将该指示的变速器输出转矩与最大和最小运行变速器输出转矩中的每一个进行比较。

Description

用于监测机电式变速器的输出的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及用于机电式变速器的控制系统。
背景技术
这个部分中的说明仅仅提供与本发明相关的背景信息,因此并不构成现有技术。
已知的动力系统结构包括转矩产生装置,该装置包括内燃机和电机,它们通过变速器装置向输出部件传送转矩。输出部件与用于机动车辆的传动系统操作地连接。一个示例性的动力系统包括双模式、复合-分配(compound-split)、机电式变速器,该变速器利用输入部件从原动机动力源,优选为内燃机接收驱动转矩,以及利用输出部件将驱动转矩从变速器传送到车辆传动系统。可作为电动机或发电机操作的电机与来自内燃机的转矩输入无关地产生至变速器的转矩输入。电机可将被传送通过车辆传动系统的车辆动能转变为可存储在电能存储装置中的电能势。控制系统监测来自车辆和操作员的各种输入并提供动力系统的操作控制,这包括控制变速器操作状态和换档,控制转矩产生装置,以及调节电能存储装置与电机之间的电能交换。控制系统监测来自车辆和操作员的各种输入并提供动力系统的操作控制,这包括控制变速器操作状态和换档,控制转矩产生装置,以及调节电能存储装置与电机之间的电能交换。
示例性的机电式变速器可经由液压回路,通过选择地控制转矩传送离合器状态,来选择地以固定档位和连续可变的操作状态范围操作。当由于一个或多个转矩传送离合器的作用和松开状态,变速器输出部件的转速与来自发动机的输入部件的转速之比固定时,产生固定档位的操作状态范围。当变速器输出部件的转速可随着一个或多个电机的操作速度而变化时,产生连续可变的操作状态范围。电机经由一个或多个离合器的作用而与输出轴连接。通过液压回路来实现选择的离合器控制。
发明内容
一种动力系统,其包括与内燃机机械地操作连接的机电式变速器和用于通过选择地致动多个转矩传送离合器以向输出部件传送机械动力流的电机。一种控制动力系统的方法,包括监测操作员转矩请求,根据操作员转矩请求确定最大和最小的允许变速器输出转矩,确定指示的变速器输出转矩,以及将该指示的变速器输出转矩与最大和最小的允许变速器输出转矩中的每一个进行比较。
附图说明
下面将参照附图以示例的方式对一个或多个实施方式进行描述,其中:
图1是根据本发明的示例性动力系统的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的用于控制系统和动力系统的示例性结构的示意图;
图3是根据本发明的图形描述;
图4是根据本发明的算法流程图;
图5A和图5B是根据本发明的图形描述;以及
图6是根据本发明的图形描述。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图,其中描述仅是为了说明特定的示例性实施方式的目的而不是为了对其进行限制。图1和图2示出了这样的系统,其包括:发动机14,包括电机MG-A56和MG-B72的变速器10,控制系统,和液压控制回路42。示例性的混合动力系统用于执行这里描述和示出的控制方法。
图1中示出了采用本发明原理的示例性的双模式、复合-分配、电-机械混合变速器10。变速器10适于通过选择地控制液压控制的转矩传送离合器C170,C262,C373和C475从内燃机以及电机MG-A56和MG-B72向输出部件(例如,车辆的传动系统)传送转矩。如这里所使用的一样,离合器是指任何类型的摩擦转矩传送装置,例如包括单盘或复合盘离合器或组,带式离合器,和制动器。变速器10包括优选由内燃机14驱动的具有输入速度NI的输入轴12和具有输出转速NO的输出轴64。
示例性的发动机14包括多缸内燃机,其选择性地以若干状态操作,经由轴12向变速器10传送转矩,且可以为火花点火式发动机或压燃式发动机。发动机14具有与变速器输入轴12操作连接的曲轴(未示出)。由传感装置11对曲轴进行监测,该传感装置用于监测曲轴的旋转位置和速度NE。当在发动机与变速器之间设置有转矩管理装置(未示出)时,发动机14的包括速度NE和输出转矩的输出可以不同于变速器的输入速度N1和发动机输入转矩TE
变速器10包括3个行星齿轮机构24,26和28,以及四个转矩传送装置,即,离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75。优选由变速器控制模块(‘TCM’)17控制的液压控制系统42用于控制离合器状态。离合器C2 62和C4 75优选包括液压作用的旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70和C3 73优选包括可选择地接地(固定连接)到变速器箱68的液压控制的固定装置。离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75中的每一个均优选为液压作用的,经由液压控制回路42接收加压的液压流体。
第一电机MG-A56和第二电机MG-B72包括电动机/发电机装置(在这里也被称为MG-A56和MG-B72),它们通过行星齿轮机构24,26和28中的至少一个与变速器10操作连接。电机MG-A56和MG-B72中的每一个均包括定子(未示出)、转子(未示出)和解析器组件80,82。用于每个电机的电动机定子接地到外侧变速器箱68,并包括盘卷的绕组从该处延伸的定子铁芯。用于MG-A56的转子支撑于毂衬齿轮(hub plate gear)上,其通过第二行星齿轮机构26可操作地附接于轴上。用于MG-B72的转子附接于套轴毂(sleeve shaft hub)66上。解析器组件80,82被适当地定位并装配在MG-A56和MG-B72上。每个解析器组件80,82均可为公知的变磁阻装置,包括与每个电机MG-A56和MG-B72的定子操作连接的解析器定子和与上述每个电机MG-A56和MG-B72的转子操作连接的解析器转子。每个解析器80,82均包括用于检测解析器定子相对于解析器转子的旋转位置并确定该旋转位置的传感装置。对由解析器80和82输出的信号进行解释以提供用于MG-A56和MG-B72的转速,这两者分别被称为NA和NB。变速器输出轴64与车辆传动系统90操作连接以向车轮提供输出转矩T0。设置有变速器输出速度传感器87,用于监测输出轴64的转速和旋转方向。优选的是,每个车轮(图1中在93处示出了其中一个车轮)均配置有用于监测车轮速度VSS-WHL的传感器94,通过控制系统的其中一个控制模块来监测该传感器的输出,以确定用于制动控制、牵引控制和车辆加速管理的车速,以及绝对轮转速和相对轮转速。
作为来自燃料或存储在电能存储装置(‘ESD’)74中的电势的能量转换的结果,变速器10从转矩产生装置(包括发动机14以及MG-A56和MG-B72)接收输入转矩。ESD74经由DC传送导线27与变速器功率逆变器模块(‘TPIM’)19高压DC耦合。TPIM19为下面参照图2所描述的控制系统的元件。TPIM19通过传送导线29向MG-A56和从MG-A56传送电能,且TPIM19同样通过传送导线31向MG-B72和从MG-B72传送电能。根据ESD74是充电或是放电,向ESD74和从ESD74传送电流。TPIM19包括一对功率逆变器(未示出)以及相应的电动机控制模块(未示出),该模块用于接收电动机控制指示并由此控制逆变器状态,以提供电动机驱动或再生功能。优选的是,MG-A56和MG-B72为三相AC电机,均具有可在安装于变速器箱体上的定子内旋转的转子。逆变器包括公知的互补的三相电力电子器件。
下面参照图2,示出了包括分布式控制模块结构的控制系统的示意方框图。下面所述的元件包括整个车辆控制结构的子集,且可用于为本文中所述的动力系统提供协调的系统控制。控制系统可用于综合相关的信息和输入,并执行算法以控制不同的致动器来实现控制目标,包括诸如燃料经济性,排放物,性能,驱动性能,以及包括容纳在ESD74内的电池以及MG-A56和MG-B72的硬件保护的参数。分布式控制模块结构包括发动机控制模块(‘ECM’)23,变速器控制模块(‘TCM’)17,电池组控制模块(‘BPCM’)21和TPIM19。混合控制模块(‘HCP’)5为前述的控制模块提供监督控制和协调。用户接口(‘UI’)13与多个装置操作连接,车辆操作员通常借此控制和引导包括变速器10的动力系统的操作。这些装置包括用于确定操作员转矩请求的油门踏板(‘AP’),操作员刹车踏板(‘BP’),变速器档位选择器(‘PRNDL’),和车速巡航控制(未示出)。变速器档位选择器(‘PRNDL’)可具有多个互不关联的操作员可选择位置,包括输出轴64的旋转方向以实现前向方向和反向方向中之一。
前述控制模块经由局域网(‘LAN’)总线6与其他控制模块,传感器和致动器通信。LAN总线6允许控制参数和指示在不同控制模块之间的结构化通信。所采用的特定通信协议是专用的。LAN总线6和相应的协议用于加强前述控制模块以及提供诸如防抱死,牵引力控制和车辆稳定性的功能的其他控制模块之间的信息传递和多控制模块接口。可采用多条通信总线来提高通信速度并提供一定程度的信号冗余度和完整性。
HCP 5为混合动力系统提供监督控制,用于协调ECM23,TCM17,TPIM19和BPCM21的操作。根据来自UI13和动力系统(包括ESD74)的不同输入信号,HCP5产生不同的指示,包括:操作员转矩请求(‘TO_REQ’),至传动系统90的指示输出转矩(‘TCMD’),发动机输入转矩TI,用于变速器10的N个转矩传送离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,C4 75的离合器转矩(‘TCL_N’);以及分别用于MG-A56和MG-B72的电动机转矩TA和TB。TCM17与液压控制回路42操作连接并提供不同的功能,这些功能包括:监测各个压力检测装置(未示出)以及产生并传送控制信号至各个螺线管,从而控制包含在液压控制回路42内的压力开关和控制阀。
ECM23与发动机14操作连接,用于从多个传感器获取数据并通过被共同示出为集合线35的多条离散线路控制发动机14的多个致动器。ECM23从HCP5接收发动机输入转矩指示,并产生所需要的车轴转矩以及提供给变速器的实际发动机输入转矩TI的指示,该指示被传送至HCP5。为简单起见,ECM23被示出为通常通过集合线35与发动机14双向连接。可由ECM23检测的各种其他参数包括:发动机冷却剂温度和传给轴12的发动机输入速度(它们转换为变速器输入速度),歧管压力,周围空气温度,和周围压力。可由ECM23控制的各个致动器(没有被单独示出)包括燃料喷射器,点火模块,和节气门控制模块。
TCM17与变速器10操作连接并用于从多个传感器获取数据以及向变速器10提供指示信号。从TCM17到HCP5的输入包括用于离合器(即,C170,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75)中每一个的估测离合器转矩,和输出轴64的旋转输出速度NO。为实现控制目的,也可以使用其他致动器和传感器来提供从TCM17至HCP5的附加信息。如下文所述,TCM17监测来自压力开关的输入,选择地致动压力控制螺线管并使螺线管切换为致动各个离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75,从而实现不同的变速器操作模式。
BPCM21与用于监测ESD74的电流或电压参数的一个或多个传感器(未示出)以信号传输的方式连接,从而向HCP5提供关于容纳在ESD74内的电池的状态的信息。这种信息包括电池的荷电状态,电池电压和有效的电池功率,被称为范围PBAT_MIN至PBAT_MAX
优选的是,控制模块ECM23,TCM17,TPIM19和BPCM21中的每一个均为通用数字计算机,通常包括:微处理器或中央处理单元,存储介质以及合适的信号调节和缓冲电路,高速时钟,模数转换(‘A/D’)和数模转换(‘D/A’)电路,以及输入/输出电路和装置(‘I/O’),其中存储介质包括只读存储器(‘ROM’),随机存取存储器(‘RAM’),电可编程只读存储器(‘EPROM’)。每个控制模块均具有一组控制算法,包括存储在ROM中并被执行以实现每个计算机的相应功能的驻留程序指令和标定值(calibration)。优选利用前述LAN总线6来完成不同计算机之间的信息传送。
每个控制模块中用于控制和状态估测的算法通常在预设的循环周期中被执行,以使每个算法在每个循环周期中至少执行一次。存储在非易失性存储器装置中的算法由中央处理单元的其中之一执行,且可用于监测来自传感装置的输入并利用预设的标定值来执行控制和诊断程序,从而控制相应装置的操作。循环周期在正在进行的发动机和车辆操作过程中通常以规定的时间间隔执行,例如每3.125,6.25,12.5,25和100毫秒。或者,可响应于事件的发生来执行算法。
示例性的双模式、复合-分配、机电式变速器10以若干操作范围状态中之一进行操作,这些操作范围状态包括固定档位操作和连续可变操作,下面将参照表1进行说明。
表1
表中描述的各个变速器操作范围状态表示相对于每个操作范围状态应用离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,C4 75中的具体哪一个。当仅应用离合器C1 70以使第三行星齿轮机构28的外齿轮部件“接地”时,选择第一种模式(即,模式I)。发动机14可以为运行或关闭状态。当仅应用离合器C2 62以连接轴60与第三行星齿轮机构28的行星轮架时,选择第二种模式(即,模式II)。同样,发动机14可以为运行或关闭状态。为了说明的目的,将发动机关闭定义为发动机输入速度NE等于零转速/分钟(‘RPM’),即,发动机曲轴并不旋转。
模式I和II是指其中变速器功能由一个所应用的离合器(即,离合器C1 62或C2 70)控制和由电机MG-A56和MG-B72的受控速度和转矩控制的变速器操作状态,该状态可被称为连续可变的变速器模式。特定的操作范围如下所述,其中通过应用附加的离合器来实现固定传动比。这个附加的离合器可为如上表1中所述的离合器C1 70或离合器C2 62中未被应用的一个或离合器C3 73或C4 75。当应用附加的离合器时,实现变速器的输入-输出速度,即,NI/NO,为固定比值的操作。电机MG-A56和MG-B72的转速,分别为NA和NB,它们取决于通过离合作用所限定的机构的内部旋转并与在轴12处测量得到的输入速度成正比。
根据由UI13所得到的操作员的动作,起监督作用的HCP5和一个或多个其他控制模块确定将在输出轴64处执行的指示输出转矩TCMD,以满足操作员转矩请求TO_REQ。最终的车辆加速受其他因素影响,这些因素包括,例如道路载荷,道路坡度,和车辆质量。根据动力系统的各种操作特性来确定变速器10的操作模式。这包括操作员转矩请求,该请求如前所述通常通过至UI13的输入被传送。可根据由例如来自HCP5的指示产生的动力系统转矩请求来确定操作模式,以使电机MG-A56和MG-B 76以电能产生模式或转矩产生模式操作。操作模式可由优化算法或程序来确定,该算法或程序可用于根据操作员对功率的需求,电池的荷电状态,以及发动机14与电机MG-A56和MG-B72的能量效率来确定最佳的系统效率。控制系统根据所执行的优化程序的结果管理来自发动机14与MG-A56和MG-B72的转矩输入,并进行系统优化以优化系统效率,从而提高燃料经济性并管理电池充电。此外,可基于构件或系统的故障来确定操作。如下文所述,HCP5监测转矩产生装置的参数状态,从而确定为到达希望的输出转矩所需的变速器的输出。在HCP5的控制下,变速器10以从慢到快的一定范围的输出速度进行操作,以满足操作员要求。
通过上面的说明应明白,ESD74与电机MG-A56和MG-B72以电的方式操作耦合,从而在它们之间实现功率流。此外,发动机14,电机MG-A56和MG-B72,以及机电式变速器14以机械的方式操作耦合,从而在它们之间传送动力以产生至输出轴64的动力流。在模式I的操作中,变速器14用作输入-分配(input-split)电动可变变速器(‘EVT’)。在模式II的操作中,变速器14用作复合-分配EVT。当以这两个模式中的一个进行操作时,控制系统对发动机速度执行闭环控制,这优化了燃料经济性同时还满足了转矩请求和设定的功率约束。控制系统然后指示电机MG-A56和MG-B72中每一个的速度以根据操作员转矩请求改变输入-输出速度比,从而使车辆加速。通过利用两个附加的离合器,变速器还能实现四个固定传动比中的一个。当以固定档位操作时,发动机14与变速器10结合在一起作为并联混合动力型且电机MG-A56和MG-B72仅用于加速和刹车以及电再生。
根据本发明,计算机程序变为存储在一个或多个控制模块的存储装置中的机器代码以及预定的标定值,并被定期执行以操作机电式变速器10。优选的是,计算机程序在每12.5毫秒的周期过程中被执行。定期地监测操作员转矩请求,且该请求包括至UI13的用户输入,该输入经由LAN6被传送至控制模块。根据操作员转矩请求确定包括最大和最小允许输出转矩的转矩边界。确定至输出轴64的指示输出转矩TCMD并将其与最大和最小允许输出转矩进行比较,从而确定至输出部件的指示输出转矩超出最大和最小允许输出转矩之一的时间。
现在参照图3并继续参照图1和图2,描述确定最大允许输出转矩TO_MAX和最小允许输出转矩TO_MIN的方法。当变速器10在前向或反向操作模式中收到指令时,通过算术地使操作员转矩请求TO_REQ和任何指示的电再生转矩TREGEN以及正的允许转矩补偿(offset)相加,来确定最大允许输出转矩TO_MAX。优选的是,根据预定的发动机速度廓线对得到的最大允许转矩输出TO_MAX进行过滤并成形,以满足在油门踏板踩下(tip-in)或松开(tip-out)动作(例如,在一些发动机系统中优选的发动机启动响应(sail-on response))过程中操作员对发动机转速的期望。通过速率限制函数来限制最大允许输出转矩TO_MAX的变化率,该速率限制函数使最大允许输出转矩TO_MAX与实际的系统响应相匹配以在踩油门和松油门动作过程中动态地改变操作员转矩请求TO_REQ。无论操作员转矩请求是负值还是正值,这个最大允许输出转矩的确定都是相同的。根据由ESD74的荷电状态所决定的对ESD74再充电的需要,通常结合操作员制动来产生对电再生转矩TREGEN的指示。在所描述的实施方式中,要求最大允许转矩补偿加速率为+0.2g。根据循环周期(其优选为12.5毫秒的循环周期),将加速率转变为例如来自ECM23的可供控制模块使用的阈值。当变速器10被指示处于前向或反向操作模式中,且操作员转矩请求为正值时,最小允许输出转矩包括最小允许阈值转矩,并在这个实施方式中包括-0.15g的加速率。当车辆被指示处于前向或反向且操作员转矩请求为负值时,从操作员转矩请求中减去负的允许转矩补偿来确定最小允许输出转矩。在所述的实施方式中,负的允许转矩补偿优选包括-0.15g的加速率。以与上述关于TO_MAX所述相同的方式,对得到的最小转矩TO_MIN进行过滤,成形和速率限制。因此,在正在进行的操作过程(如图3所示,包括在制动和再生事件过程)中确定最大和最小允许输出转矩,用于与指示的输出转矩TCMD进行比较。
现在参照图4并继续参照图1和图2,描述用于比较指示的输出转矩TCMD和操作员转矩请求TO_REQ的过程。将操作员转矩请求TO_REQ和请求的电再生转矩TREGEN相加。从中减去发动机的实际输入转矩TI,考虑变速器10的操作范围状态以及发动机14和电机MG-A56和MG-B72的瞬时操作特性(包括响应时间)以确定来自电机MG-A56和MG-B72的所需输出转矩。在ECM23中基于当前的发动机转速/负载操作和任意寄生负载(诸如,液压泵负载)来确定来自发动机的实际输入转矩,且该实际输入转矩由于系统延迟和滞后而可能不同于指示的发动机转矩输出。将所需的输出转矩输入至优化程序OPT,以确定各个电机MG-A56和MG-B72的电动机转矩指示TA_CMD和TB_CMD。这个动作优选地在HCP5中执行,该HCP将用于各个电机的转矩指示传送给TPIM19以在其中执行。该过程用于确定HCP5对发动机14以及电机MG-A56和MG-B72的转矩指示是否与操作员转矩请求TO_REQ的大小和方向一致且大致匹配。通过将用于各个电机的转矩指示与来自发动机14的输入转矩TI结合在一起,考虑变速器10的操作范围状态(即,固定档位和连续可变的操作范围状态中之一)来确定指示的输出转矩TCMD。优选地在另一控制模块(例如,ECM23)中将操作员转矩请求TO_REQ和指示的电再生转矩TREGEN相加,以确定总的请求转矩TREQ_TOT。比较总的请求转矩TREQ_TOT与指示的输出转矩TCMD,以确定指示的输出转矩TCMD在上述参照图3确定的最大和最小允许输出转矩(即,TO_MAX和TO_MIN)内是否与总的请求转矩TREQ_TOT相匹配。
操作方法包括检测指示的输出转矩TCMD在之前的Y次代码执行中何时多于X次地超出最大允许输出转矩TO_MAX和最小允许输出转矩TO_MIN中之一(即,大于最大允许输出转矩或小于最小允许输出转矩)。这在作为示例性的要求环境中被执行以检测在其开始的200毫秒内无意的0.2g的指示加速率。该无意的指示加速率可由RAM恶化(corruption)、ROM恶化或诸如指令集恶化的处理器故障引起。优选的用于执行如上所述的循环周期为12.5毫秒循环周期。这个执行周期时间允许多次确定操作员转矩请求TO_REQ和指示的输出转矩TCMD,从而减小了在测量,信号传送,或正在进行的计算过程中出现随机误差的可能性。在一个仅为了说明目的的实施方式中,控制系统监测代码执行的输出并在指示的输出转矩TCMD在之前的16次代码执行中12次超出最大和最小允许输出转矩之一时识别故障。
HCP5控制模块在指示的输出转矩TCMD超出最大允许输出转矩TO_MAX和最小允许输出转矩TO_MIN中之一时充分地干涉,以识别故障。干涉(intervention)包括例如指示离合器C170,C262,C373和C475处于中性状态,关闭电动机MG-A56和MG-B72,关闭发动机14,以及使通向高压电池组的接触器打开,即,使ESD74与TPIM19断开。
由输出速度传感器84来监测输出轴64的旋转方向,以确定操作员请求的旋转方向是否与指示的方向匹配,从而检测并防止操作沿操作员不期望的方向进行。可能存在这样的操作条件,其中系统的动态行为,例如主动的踩下和松开油门踏板,使得转矩输出的方向符号出现瞬时差异,这会导致错误地检测故障。如下所述进行这个操作。
图5A图示地描述了监测输出轴64的旋转方向以确定当沿前向方向操作时操作员请求的旋转方向是否与指示的方向匹配。当操作员转矩请求TO_REQ为正值、输出沿前向方向、且变速器档位选择器被放置在前向档位之一中时,将操作员转矩请求TO_REQ与低向阈值TDIR_LOW进行比较,并将指示的输出转矩TCMD与高向阈值TDIR_HIGH进行比较。当操作员转矩请求TO_REQ落在低向阈值TDIR_LOW下方时,在点A处启动计时器,如由时间tA所示。当指示的输出转矩TCMD落在高向阈值TDIR_HIGH下方时,确定点B处的第二时间tB。将包括从tA至tB的时间间隔的经过时间与优选在150毫秒范围内的阈值时期进行比较。只要经过时间小于阈值时期,则不用担心。当经过时间超过阈值时期时,则确定操作员请求的旋转方向与指示方向不匹配,进行补救措施。
图5B图示地描述了监测输出轴64的旋转方向以确定当沿反向方向操作时操作员请求的旋转方向是否与指示的方向匹配。当操作员转矩请求TO_REQ为正值、输出沿反向方向、且变速器档位选择器被放置在反向档位中时,将操作员转矩请求TO_REQ与高向阈值TDIR_HIGH进行比较,并将指示的输出转矩TCMD与低向阈值TDIR_LOW进行比较。当操作员转矩请求TO_REQ落在高向阈值TDIR_HIGH上方时,在点A处启动计时器,如由时间tA所示。当指示的输出转矩TCMD落在低向阈值TDIR_LOW上方时,确定点B处的第二时间tB。将包括从tA至tB的时间间隔的经过时间与也优选在150毫秒范围内的阈值时期进行比较。只要经过时间小于阈值时期,则不用担心。当经过时间超过阈值时期时,则确定操作员请求的旋转方向与指示方向不匹配,进行补救措施。使用高和低向阈值以及经过时间导致一定程度的滞后,其中对操作员转矩请求方向和转矩指示方向之间在正常操作过程中由于时间延迟而导致的差异进行调节,同时能及时地检测指示方向与操作员请求方向之间的误差。
在这个实施方式中,低向阈值包括-0.05g的加速率而高向阈值包括+0.05g的加速率。以与上面关于TO_MAX所述相同的方式对操作员转矩请求TO_REQ进行过滤、成形和速率限制。当指示的输出转矩TCMD超出阈值且能进行方向检测时,控制模块干涉以管理转矩输出。当操作员转矩请求TO_REQD的斜率低于可标定的阈值时,这意味着系统处于动态程度较低的状态,即,准稳定状态,进行方向检测。在一些动态转变状态过程中优选的是停止方向监测,从而消除错误检测的危险。
为了使方向检测算法抗旋转符号中的瞬时差异,优选的是,在较少动态的操作员转矩请求中激活检测,而在较多动态的操作员转矩请求中停用检测。这通过这样的方式来实现:确定操作员转矩请求TO_REQ的斜率,并将其与可标定的阈值进行比较。当斜率超过阈值时,方向检测失效。使检测在动态操作员转矩请求过程中失效的基本原理是,车辆不能由于计算出的转矩指示(具有瞬时相反的方向)而沿错误的方向行驶。但是,如果计算出的转矩指示恶化且继续指示车辆沿操作员转矩请求的相反方向行驶,检测设置故障并采取行动。为了防止斜率无效条件的恶化一直阻扰检测,当检测算法被停用时启动计时器,且在将计时器输出与斜率无效条件进行逻辑比较,防止出现单点故障。
下面参照图6且继续参照图1和图2,描述确定最大允许输出转矩TO_MAX和最小允许输出转矩TO_MIN的方法的第二实施方式。当变速器10被指示处于前向或反向操作模式时,通过算术地使操作员转矩请求TO_REQ和任意指示的电再生转矩TREGEN以及正的允许转矩补偿相加,确定最大允许输出转矩TO_MAX。优选的是,根据预定的发动机速度廓线对得到的最大允许输出转矩TO_MAX进行过滤和成形,以满足在油门踏板踩下或松开动作(例如,在一些发动机系统中优选的发动机启动响应)过程中操作员对发动机转速的期望。通过速率限制函数来限制最大允许输出转矩TO_MAX的变化率,该速率限制函数使最大允许输出转矩TO_MAX与实际的系统响应相匹配以在踩油门和松油门动作过程中动态地改变操作员转矩请求TO_REQ。无论操作员转矩请求是负值还是正值,这个最大允许输出转矩的确定都是相同的。根据由ESD74的荷电状态所决定的对ESD74再充电的需要,通常结合操作员制动来产生对电再生转矩TREGEN的指示。在所描述的实施方式中,当操作员转矩请求TO_REQ为正值,即大于零时,要求最大允许转矩补偿加速率为+0.2g。根据循环周期(其优选为12.5毫秒的循环周期),将加速率转变为例如来自ECM23的可供控制模块使用的阈值。当变速器10被指示处于前向或反向操作模式中,且操作员转矩请求为正值时,最小允许输出转矩包括最小允许阈值转矩,该最小允许阈值转矩在这个实施方式中为-0.15g的加速率。当车辆被指示处于前向或反向且操作员转矩请求为负值时,最大允许输出转矩TO_MAX包括为0.2g的固定加速率。从操作员转矩请求中减去负的允许转矩补偿来确定最小允许输出转矩TO_MIN。在所述的实施方式中,负的允许转矩补偿优选包括为-0.15g的补偿加速率。以与上述关于TO_MAX所述相同的方式,对得到的最小允许输出转矩TO_MIN进行过滤,成形和速率限制。因此,在正在进行的操作过程(如图6所示,包括在制动和再生事件过程)中确定最大和最小允许输出转矩,用于与指示的输出转矩TCMD进行比较。前面已经参照图4和图5A,图5B描述了系统的操作。
本公开文描述了特定的优选实施方式及其改进形式。通过阅读和理解本说明书可以作出其他改进和修改。因此,本发明并不限于作为实施本发明的最佳模式被公开的具体实施方式,而是将包括落在后附权利要求范围内的所有实施方式。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于控制动力系统的方法,该动力系统包括与内燃机和电机机械地操作连接的机电式变速器,内燃机和电机用于通过选择地致动多个转矩传送离合器向输出部件传送机械动力流,该方法包括:
监测操作员转矩请求;
根据操作员转矩请求确定最大和最小的允许变速器输出转矩;
确定指示的变速器输出转矩,以及
将该指示的变速器输出转矩与最大和最小的允许变速器输出转矩中的每一个进行比较。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中根据操作员转矩请求确定最大允许变速器输出转矩包括将操作员转矩请求,电再生转矩以及正的转矩补偿结合在一起。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述正的转矩补偿包括大致为0.2g的加速率。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中根据操作员转矩请求确定最小允许变速器输出转矩包括在操作员转矩请求为正值时,产生最小的阈值转矩。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述最小的阈值转矩包括大致为-0.15g的加速率。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中根据操作员转矩请求确定最小允许变速器输出转矩包括在操作员转矩请求为负值时,从操作员转矩请求中减去负的转矩补偿。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括当指示的变速器输出转矩在之前的Y次代码执行中X次地超出最大和最小允许变速器输出转矩中之一时进行干涉。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述干涉包括调节电机转矩指示。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述电机转矩指示包括关闭电机。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,还包括使转矩传送离合器停用。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法,还包括调节内燃机输出转矩指示。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中调节内燃机输出转矩指示包括关闭内燃机。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中监测操作员转矩请求包括监测操作员转矩请求的大小和转动方向。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,还包括:
确定变速器输出转矩的指示旋转方向;以及
将操作员转矩请求的旋转方向与变速器输出转矩的指示旋转方向进行比较。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,还包括当操作员转矩请求中的变化超过预定阈值时,使对操作员转矩请求的旋转方向的监测停用。
16.一种制造物品,其包括存储介质,该存储介质中编码有机器可执行的程序,以监测用于向输出轴传送机械动力流的机电式变速器的操作,该程序包括:
用于监测操作员转矩请求和对旋转方向的操作员指示的代码;
用于根据操作员转矩请求确定最大和最小允许变速器输出转矩的代码;
用于确定指示的变速器输出转矩和输出的旋转方向的代码;
用于将指示的变速器输出转矩与最大和最小允许变速器输出转矩中的每一个进行比较的代码;以及
用于将输出的旋转方向与对旋转方向的操作员指示进行比较的代码。
17.根据权利要求16所述的物品,其中所述用于根据操作员转矩请求确定最大允许变速器输出转矩的代码包括将操作员转矩请求,任意指示的电再生转矩,以及正的转矩补偿算术相加。
18.根据权利要求16所述的物品,其中所述用于根据操作员转矩请求确定最小允许变速器输出转矩的代码包括在操作员转矩请求为正值时产生最小的阈值转矩。
19.根据权利要求16所述的物品,其中干涉用代码包括下列代码的其中之一:用于调节电机输出转矩的代码,用于使被致动的转矩传送离合器停用的代码,和用于调节内燃机输出转矩的代码。
20.一种制造物品,其包括存储介质,该存储介质中编码有机器可执行的程序,该程序用于控制动力传动系统,该系统包括与内燃机和多个电机机械地操作连接的机电式变速器,内燃机和多个电机每个均用于通过选择地致动多个转矩传送离合器来向输出部件传送机械动力流,该程序包括:
用于监测操作员转矩请求的代码;
用于根据操作员转矩请求确定最大和最小允许变速器输出转矩的代码;
用于确定再生转矩的代码;
用于确定电机转矩指示的代码;
用于根据电机转矩指示确定指示的变速器输出转矩的代码;以及
用于将指示的变速器输出转矩与最大和最小允许变速器输出转矩中的每一个进行比较的代码。
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US20090112412A1 (en) 2009-04-30
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US8078371B2 (en) 2011-12-13
DE102008053422A1 (de) 2009-06-10

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