CN101414749A - Protection device for rechargeable battery set - Google Patents
Protection device for rechargeable battery set Download PDFInfo
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- CN101414749A CN101414749A CNA2008102393067A CN200810239306A CN101414749A CN 101414749 A CN101414749 A CN 101414749A CN A2008102393067 A CNA2008102393067 A CN A2008102393067A CN 200810239306 A CN200810239306 A CN 200810239306A CN 101414749 A CN101414749 A CN 101414749A
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- voltage
- optocoupler
- circuit
- battery cell
- resistance
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a chargeable battery set protection device, which consists of a logic controller, a voltage-level shifter connected with the logic controller, a current sampler connected with the logic controller, a temperature sampler connected with the logic controller, a safety controller connected with the logic controller and a voltage-stabilized power supply. The logic controller consists of a pressure logic device, a current logic device, a temperature logic device and a logic calculator. The voltage-level shifter consists of a plurality of circuits respectively connected with single batteries in the battery set, the structure and all the components of each circuit connected with the single battery are the same; each circuit connected with the single battery consists of a conversion optical coupler, a switch coupler, the voltage-stabilized power supply, a resistor Rt, a resistor Ra and a resistor R. the chargeable battery set protection device has the advantages of high monitoring accuracy, strong real-time performance, low cost and batch production. The chargeable battery set protection device can ensure the service life of the battery set to be equivalent to the service life of the single battery and have strong practical value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of protective device of rechargeable battery pack, belong to the battery protection technical field.
Background technology
At present, the rechargeable battery of each individual packages moulding (hereinafter to be referred as battery cell) is at the difference of aspects such as capacity, voltage, internal resistance outwardness always.When battery cell when using separately, these differences are to causing too big influence its useful life.But battery pack is had any different in the additional features of battery cell, thereby in the use of battery pack, the difference of the battery cell in the battery pack at aspects such as voltage, capacity, internal resistances not only can not be tending towards disappearing, and can tend to become big on the contrary.Through a plurality of charge and discharge week after date, these differences between the battery cell can make that battery pack is easier and overcharged (hereinafter to be referred as overcharging) and by over-discharge can (putting hereinafter to be referred as crossing).In case a certain battery cell is overcharged or crosses and puts in the battery pack, this battery cell will be scrapped very soon.Industry it has been generally acknowledged that the life-span of battery pack depends on that battery cell that the life-span is the shortest.The individual cell monomer is scrapped in advance and will directly be caused the whole battery group lost of life.Prevent that in order just to be necessary for battery pack outfit corresponding protection device the useful life that prolongs battery pack battery pack from being overcharged and quilt is put excessively, and will under attainable prerequisite, reduce cost as much as possible.
Battery pack is overcharged and crossed the problem of putting in order to solve, and a lot of methods once occur.
At first for the battery pack of forming by different type cell, take the method divergence protected very big, protective device is not general yet.
For lead acid accumulator, its battery cell often is in series by the more piece storage battery exactly, and in fact the battery cell under this situation is exactly a small-sized battery pack.Way to the protection comparative maturity of lead-acid batteries generally is with little electric current floating charge and avoids deep discharge that the corresponding protection device also also goes to implement round this thinking mostly.Though but avoided so to a certain extent overcharging and crossing putting, also caused other problems such as the capacity utilance is low, the easy inactivation of pole plate is aging, and automaticity being low, effect is also undesirable.
Because to the protection of lithium battery monomer, generally be the protective circuit that connects a special use for the lithium battery monomer, the protective circuit of this lithium battery monomer is fairly perfect.For the lithium battery group, existing integrated circuits generally also can only be protected the battery pack that is in series by four joint lithium electricity.Protection for the more lithium battery group of serial number is just relatively more difficult.
Granted publication number is CN100397741C, and name is called in the patent of invention of " guard method of multisection lithium battery series battery and circuit thereof ", discloses a kind of guard method and circuit of lithium battery group.This method is that each lithium battery monomer connects a voltage monitoring module and corresponding circuit and realizes protection in the lithium battery group.In theory, this method can solve the problem of lithium battery group super-charge super-discharge to a certain extent, but this method has significant limitation on the implementation, is mainly reflected in following several:
At first, the voltage monitoring module in the protective circuit generally all adopts the method for protected battery cell from the body power supply, needs to adopt using workable little power consumption components and parts under the battery cell nominal voltage, and circuit cost is higher.For the lead accumulator group, cost is too high will to lose Practical significance.Because the nominal voltage of the rechargeable battery monomer of nickel series such as ni-mh, NI-G is 1.2V, under existing technical conditions, even it is a lot of that those its operating voltages of voltage monitoring module that can work under low-voltage also exceed 1.2V, so it is, comparatively difficult in the realization of circuit for the rechargeable battery of nickel series such as ni-mh, NI-G.This just has been not only the cost problem, and main problem is how to realize.
Secondly, in order to save battery power, commercially available voltage monitoring module is to work in the mode of periodic sampling mostly, thereby relatively poor to the real-time of battery voltage monitoring.Protect the lithium battery group with this forming circuit, generally only be applicable to the situation that little electric current uses not to be suitable for the situation that big electric current uses, put otherwise very easily cause battery pack to be overcharged or crossed.In order to save cost, the voltage monitoring module is to be packaged into integral body mostly, can not regulate parameter.Realize the better protect effect for battery, often need to order goods different batches.
And it is more vital, in described method of CN100397741C and circuit, the reference voltage of the voltage monitoring module that connects with each lithium battery monomer is all different, their level conversion is finished by a kind of special change-over circuit with isolation, just can find that by analyzing its embodiment there is technological deficiency in its level shifting circuit.With this protective circuit the lithium battery group being implemented protection causes in the battery pack some lithium battery monomer to be overcharged and crossed being put probably.Because it is lithium battery is put very responsively to overcharging and crossing, in case overcharged or put by mistake, gently then damages battery pack, heavy then cause catching fire and exploding of battery pack.
Publication number is CN200990506, and name is called the utility model patent of " circuit of realizing the multiple serial secondary cell sets protection with Single Component Management ", discloses a kind of output of universal battery pack protective circuit.This circuit than before method on the protection effect is greatly improved.Though protective circuit is used in battery pack and played good protection effect early stage, the battery decline sign in the battery pack is slower.Because this species impoverishment is a kind of inevitable objective law, along with the increase that discharges and recharges number of times, decline is accumulation little by little.Arrived the later stage that battery pack is used, the protection effect of this protective circuit descends apparent in view.But found through experiments, after the battery set charge/discharge number of times surpassed 750 times, comparatively significantly decline had appearred in the performance of individual cell in the battery pack, and the life-span of battery pack still is shorter than 1000 times life-span of battery cell.
For the battery pack that constitutes through polyphone by tens joints, joint rechargeable battery monomer up to a hundred, comparatively complicated on circuit is realized with existing resist technology, desirable not enough on effect, thus the application of restriction rechargeable battery pack.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention proposes the protective device that a kind of voltage, electric current and temperature with the monitoring battery cell realizes the rechargeable battery pack protected.
The present invention is by logic controller, the voltage-level translator that is connected with logic controller, the current sampler that is connected with logic controller, the temperature sampling device that is connected with logic controller, the safety governor that is connected with logic controller and be used to provide the stabilized voltage power supply of operating voltage and reference voltage to form, and described logic controller comprises voltage logic device, electric current logic device, temperature logic device and logical-arithmetic unit.Described voltage-level translator is made up of a plurality of circuit that are connected with each battery cell in the battery pack respectively, and its structure of circuit and the used components and parts that connect with each battery cell are all identical; Each circuit that is connected with battery cell includes conversion optocoupler, switch optocoupler, stabilized voltage power supply, resistance R t, resistance R a and resistance R; The both positive and negative polarity of each battery cell all forms the loop with light-emitting diode in the optocoupler of resistance R t, conversion, the transistor in the switch optocoupler, and the light-emitting diode in the switch optocoupler is by the output formation loop of resistance R a with stabilized voltage power supply; Transistor in the conversion optocoupler forms the loop by the output of resistance R and stabilized voltage power supply W.
Described voltage logic device comprises the diode Df identical with the battery cell number, diode Dc and 2 voltage comparators identical with the battery cell number; The loop that a plurality of diode Df form constitutes voltage logic device with 1 voltage comparator wherein; The loop that a plurality of diode Dc form and other 1 voltage comparator constitute voltage logic device.
Voltage-level translator is used for the level of the voltage of each battery cell of conversion battery group for unified reference potential, realizes the electrical isolation of battery pack and protective circuit miscellaneous part simultaneously.Generally speaking, monitoring for battery voltage mainly is the highest battery and the minimum battery cell of voltage of voltage in the monitoring battery pack, the voltage of the battery cell that voltage is the highest in monitoring battery pack rises on the safe voltage and prescribes a time limit, and the output of voltage logic device overcharges signal; The voltage drop of the battery cell that voltage is minimum in monitoring battery pack is fallen under the safe voltage and is prescribed a time limit, and voltage logic device was exported discharge signal, thereby had realized the monitoring to battery cell voltage in the battery pack.
Electric current when current sampler is used for the work of conversion battery group is a current signal.This current signal converts the current monitoring signal to by electric current logic device.Monitoring to electric current generally is the big electric current of monitoring, promptly works as battery pack charge and discharge electric current and reaches the upper safety limit value, electric current logic device output overcurrent signal.
Temperature when the temperature sampling device is used for the work of conversion battery group is a temperature signal.This temperature signal converts the temperature monitoring signal to by temperature logic device.Monitoring to temperature generally is monitoring high temperature and low temperature, and promptly the temperature when battery pack is elevated to certain upper safety limit value, temperature logic device output high temperature signal; When the temperature of battery pack is reduced to certain lower safety limit value, temperature logic device output low-temperature signal.
Logic controller is accepted the signal from current sampler, temperature sampling device and voltage-level translator, differentiates the battery pack state, if the judgement battery pack needs protection then starts safety governor, starts safety measure by safety governor and protects battery pack.
The present invention has the monitoring accuracy height, real-time, protect outside the advantage such as reliable, and the effect of protection can be not influenced with the increase of series-connected cell number, even the series connected battery number is more as under the situations such as hundreds of joints even thousands of joints in the battery pack, also can allow the cycle life of rechargeable battery pack near the former cycle life that should have of rechargeable battery monomer, can't be connected on because of it and lose more cycle life in battery pack; And this apparatus structure is simple, is easy to debugging, and is with low cost, is fit to produce in batches, has stronger practical value.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the circuit block diagram of the protective device of a kind of rechargeable battery pack of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the voltage-level translator of protective device of a kind of rechargeable battery pack of the present invention and the circuit diagram of voltage logic device.
Fig. 3 is the voltage-level translator of protective device of a kind of rechargeable battery pack of the present invention and the circuit diagram of another embodiment of voltage logic device.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is done further detailed introduction, as shown in Figure 1, the present invention is by logic controller, the voltage-level translator that is connected with logic controller, the current sampler that is connected with logic controller, the temperature sampling device that is connected with logic controller, the safety governor that is connected with logic controller and be used to provide the stabilized voltage power supply of operating voltage and reference voltage to form, and described logic controller comprises voltage logic device, electric current logic device, temperature logic device and logical-arithmetic unit.
As shown in Figure 2, by battery cell B
1, B
2..., in the battery pack that is composed in series of Bn, wherein n is the number (following implication with) of battery cell in the battery pack; Described voltage-level translator is made up of the circuit that is connected with each battery cell; To connect battery cell B
1Circuit be example, comprise resistance R t
1, conversion optocoupler O
1, switch optocoupler S
1, stabilized voltage power supply W, resistance R a, resistance R
1Battery cell B
1Both positive and negative polarity and resistance R t
1, conversion optocoupler O
1In light-emitting diode, switch optocoupler S
1In transistor form loop, switch optocoupler S
1In the output formation loop of light-emitting diode by resistance R a and stabilized voltage power supply W; Conversion optocoupler O
1Middle transistor passes through resistance R
1Form the loop with the output of stabilized voltage power supply W.With other battery cell B in the battery pack
2..., its structure of circuit of connecting of Bn and used components and parts and with battery cell B
1Its structure of circuit and the used components and parts that connect are all identical.
Another embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, by battery cell B
1, B
2..., in the battery pack that is composed in series of Bn, described voltage-level translator is made up of the circuit that is connected with each battery cell; To connect battery cell B
1Circuit be example, comprise resistance R t
1, conversion optocoupler O
1, switch optocoupler S
1, stabilized voltage power supply W, resistance R a, resistance R
1Battery cell B
1Both positive and negative polarity and resistance R t
1, conversion optocoupler O
1In light-emitting diode, switch optocoupler S
1In transistor form loop, switch optocoupler S
1, S
2..., the light-emitting diode among the Sn is by the output formation loop of resistance R a with stabilized voltage power supply W; Conversion optocoupler O
1Middle transistor passes through resistance R
1Form the loop with the output of stabilized voltage power supply W.With other battery cell B2 in the battery pack ..., the circuit that connects of Bn and used components and parts and with battery cell B
1The circuit and the used components and parts that connect are all identical.
Described voltage logic device comprises diode Df shown in Fig. 2,3
1, Df
2..., Dfn and diode Dc
1, Dc
2..., Dcn and voltage comparator F and voltage comparator C; Diode Df
1, Df
2..., the Dfn loop and voltage comparator F formation voltage logical circuit formed; Diode Dc
1, Dc
2..., the Dcn loop and voltage comparator C formation voltage logic device circuit formed.
Described conversion optocoupler O
1With switch optocoupler S
1In transistor be one of bipolar transistor (BJT) or field-effect transistor (FET);
Described conversion optocoupler O
1With switch optocoupler S
1It can be the diode-type optocoupler;
Described switch optocoupler S
1It can be brilliant lock type optocoupler.
The course of work of the present invention is: when battery pack was worked, stabilized voltage power supply W was switch optocoupler S
1Middle light-emitting diode power supply, switch optocoupler S
1Middle transistor turns, battery cell B
1Both positive and negative polarity and resistance R t
1, conversion optocoupler O
1In light-emitting diode, switch optocoupler S
1In the loop that forms of transistor in size to occur be L
1Electric current.Electric current L
1Size and the output voltage V of battery
1Size present mapping relations one to one.
Resistance R
1, conversion optocoupler O
1Middle transistor and stabilized voltage power supply W output are connected to form the loop, conversion optocoupler O
1Middle transistor AND gate resistance R
1The bleeder circuit gained voltage U that forms
1With conversion optocoupler O
1In transistorized conduction status present mapping relations one to one.
For conversion optocoupler O
1, its transmission coefficient g
1Be stable, its transistorized conduction status depends on the size of current of its light-emitting diode of flowing through, i.e. L
1With U
1Presenting mapping relations one to one, also is V
1With U
1Present mapping relations one to one.
Because the capacity of battery pack depends on the capacity of that battery cell of capacity minimum in the series connection, therefore put protection for crossing, only the battery cell that needs monitoring voltage to drop into the safe voltage lower limit the earliest gets final product, and is then opposite for over-charge protective.Diode Df
1, Df
2..., the circuit that constitutes of Dfn is U
1, U
2..., U
nDeliver to voltage comparator F, by comparing U
1, U
2..., U
nWith relatively obtained to put guard signal by resistance R tb preset value.Diode Dc
1, Dc
2..., the circuit that constitutes of Dcn is U
1, U
2..., U
nDeliver to voltage comparator C, by comparing U
1, U
2..., U
nWith relatively obtained to put guard signal by resistance R ta preset value.
In case when electric current logic device output overcurrent signal; Or when temperature logic device output high temperature signal; Or when temperature logic device output low-temperature signal; Or when voltage logic device was exported discharge signal; Or when the output of voltage logic device overcharges signal; Safety governor is activated, thereby has protected battery pack not to be damaged.
When battery pack was not worked, stabilized voltage power supply W was not to switch optocoupler S
1Power supply, switch optocoupler S
1Middle transistor ends electric current L
1Be almost equal to zero, thereby avoid consuming excessively battery B
1Electric energy, reach protection battery B
1Purpose.
In the protection example to lithium battery group, Ni-MH battery group and lead accumulator group, under the identical situation of environment for use, the cycle life of the cycle life of battery pack and control cell monomer is roughly suitable.
The invention is not restricted to the foregoing description; to those skilled in the art, any conspicuous improvement that the above embodiment of the present invention is made or change can not exceed the embodiments of the invention that only illustrate by way of example and the protection range of claims.
Claims (6)
1. the protective device of a rechargeable battery pack, it is characterized in that: it is by logic controller, the voltage-level translator that is connected with logic controller, the current sampler that is connected with logic controller, the temperature sampling device that is connected with logic controller, the safety governor that is connected with logic controller and be used to provide the stabilized voltage power supply of operating voltage and reference voltage to form, and described logic controller comprises voltage logic device, electric current logic device, temperature logic device and logical-arithmetic unit; By battery cell B
1, B
2..., B
nIn the battery pack that is composed in series; Described voltage-level translator is made up of a plurality of circuit that are connected with each battery cell respectively; Connect battery cell B
1Circuit comprise resistance R
T1, conversion optocoupler O
1, switch optocoupler S
1, stabilized voltage power supply W, resistance R
a, resistance R
1Battery cell B
1Both positive and negative polarity and resistance R
T1, conversion optocoupler O
1In light-emitting diode, switch optocoupler S
1In transistor form the loop; Switch optocoupler S
1In conversion optocoupler O
1Middle transistor passes through resistance R
1Form the loop with the output of stabilized voltage power supply W; Light-emitting diode passes through resistance R
aForm the loop with the output of stabilized voltage power supply W; With described by battery cell B
1, B
2..., B
nCircuit that other battery cell of the battery pack that is in series connects and used components and parts and with battery cell B
1Its structure of circuit and the used components and parts that connect are all identical;
Described voltage logic device comprises: diode D
F1, D
F2..., D
FnThe circuit and the diode D that form
C1, D
C2..., D
CnWith voltage comparator F and voltage comparator C; Diode D
F1, D
F2..., D
FnCircuit of forming and voltage comparator F constitute the voltage logical circuit; Diode D
C1, D
C2..., D
CnCircuit of forming and voltage comparator C constitute voltage logic device circuit.
2. the protective device of a kind of rechargeable battery pack as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described voltage-level translator is made up of a plurality of circuit that are connected with each battery cell respectively; Connect battery cell B
1Circuit comprise resistance R
T1, conversion optocoupler O
1, switch optocoupler S
1, stabilized voltage power supply W, resistance R
a, resistance R
1Battery cell B
1Both positive and negative polarity and resistance R
T1, conversion optocoupler O
1In light-emitting diode, switch optocoupler S
1In transistor form loop, switch optocoupler S
1, S
2..., S
nIn light-emitting diode pass through resistance R
aForm the loop with the output of stabilized voltage power supply W; Conversion optocoupler O
1Middle transistor passes through resistance R
1The loop that forms with the output of stabilized voltage power supply W, with described by battery cell B
1, B
2..., B
nCircuit and used components and parts that other battery cell of the battery pack that is in series connects, described and battery cell B
1The circuit and the used components and parts that connect are all identical.
3. the protective device of a kind of rechargeable battery pack as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described voltage-level translator has adopted optocoupler.
4. the protective device of a kind of rechargeable battery pack as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described conversion optocoupler O
1With switch optocoupler S
1In transistor be one of bipolar transistor (BJT) or field-effect transistor (FET).
5. the protective device of a kind of rechargeable battery pack as claimed in claim 1 or 2, described conversion optocoupler O
1With switch optocoupler S
1It is the diode-type optocoupler.
6. the protective device of a kind of rechargeable battery pack as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described switch optocoupler S
1It is brilliant lock type optocoupler.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008102393067A CN101414749B (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2008-12-09 | Protection device for rechargeable battery set |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008102393067A CN101414749B (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2008-12-09 | Protection device for rechargeable battery set |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101414749A true CN101414749A (en) | 2009-04-22 |
| CN101414749B CN101414749B (en) | 2010-07-21 |
Family
ID=40595130
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008102393067A Expired - Fee Related CN101414749B (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2008-12-09 | Protection device for rechargeable battery set |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101414749B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103354350A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-16 | 国家电网公司 | Voltage protection method for single lithium battery |
| CN103354351A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-16 | 国家电网公司 | Voltage protection method for single lead-acid battery |
| CN103378617A (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2013-10-30 | 钰泰科技（上海）有限公司 | Lithium battery charging circuit |
-
2008
- 2008-12-09 CN CN2008102393067A patent/CN101414749B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103378617A (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2013-10-30 | 钰泰科技（上海）有限公司 | Lithium battery charging circuit |
| CN103378617B (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2015-03-25 | 南通钰泰电子科技有限公司 | Lithium battery charging circuit |
| CN103354350A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-16 | 国家电网公司 | Voltage protection method for single lithium battery |
| CN103354351A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-16 | 国家电网公司 | Voltage protection method for single lead-acid battery |
| CN103354351B (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2015-12-02 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of voltage protection method for single lead-acid battery |
| CN103354350B (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2016-08-10 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of voltage protection method for single lithium battery |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101414749B (en) | 2010-07-21 |
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