CN101413078A - Preparation of ultra-high electron alloy capable of making injection body deviate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an ultra-high magnesium aluminum alloy which can make an injection body deflected and a preparation method thereof, in particular to the ultra-high magnesium aluminum alloy which is prepared by adding 13 weight percent of Mg in aluminum, adding expanded perlite to synthesize Mg2Si in situ, and adding rare earth Nd in Nd-Fe intermediate alloy mode. The ultra-high magnesium aluminum alloy can be used in externally hung type light tanks, troop vehicles and other light armors or composite armors thereof, and armor protective materials of a civil armored van, a bullet-proof car and the like. Furthermore, the invention lays foundation for the attempt to research and develop structure-function integrated light armored materials.

Description

Make and inject the superelevation magnalium preparation method that body is partial to

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of superelevation magnalium preparation method who injects the body deflection that makes, particularly relate to a kind of Mg, synthetic Mg of interpolation pearlstone original position that in aluminium, adds 13wt% ₂Si, add rare earth Nd, prepare to make and inject body and depart from the superelevation magnalium of injecting direction with Nd-Fe master alloy form.

Background technology:

For containing aluminum base alloy that magnesium is main alloy element, being industrial so-called " aluminum magnesium alloy ", be divided into two classes traditionally.The aluminum magnesium alloy that the first is added the above magnesium of magnesium 2wt% is called high-magnesium aluminum alloy; Second kind of mode classification is that the aluminum magnesium alloy that adds 2～6wt% magnesium in aluminium is called high-magnesium aluminum alloy, as contains the aluminum magnesium alloys such as U.S.'s trade mark 5182,5083,5454 of magnesium 3～5wt%.The interpolation aluminum magnesium alloy that surpasses 6wt% magnesium then be called as the superelevation magnalium.(Mg content is 9.5～11wt%), (nominal standard magnesium content is 9.8～11wt%) to Chinese trade mark ZLD301 superelevation magnalium, (Mg content is 9.5～10.5wt%) etc. to USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) trade mark AJI27 aluminium alloy such as German trade mark GBD-AlMg9 superelevation magnalium (Mg content is 7.5～10wt%, the DIN1725-T5-86 standard), Britain trade mark LM10 superelevation magnalium.The superelevation magnalium often is divided in the classification of " special metals " or " specific alloy " or " military alloy " in some countries.At present in the superelevation magnalium, can retrieve the Mg content maximum value in the alloy of the open trade mark in various countries is 13wt%, promptly, USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) trade mark AJI22 superelevation magnalium, its name consists of: Mg is that 10.5～13wt%, Si are that 0.8～1.2wt%, Zr are that 0.2wt%, Zn are that 0.1wt%, Fe are that 0.03～0.07wt%, Ti are 0.05～0.15wt%.High-magnesium aluminum alloy and superelevation magnalium belong to aluminum magnesium alloy series in the unification of light alloy field.

In aluminium, add the magnesium of 10wt%, can make the weight saving of aluminum alloy casting about 3.6%, when aluminium is identical with the magnesium ingot market value, can also make the raw materials cost of aluminum alloy casting reduce about 6.5%.World market aluminium and the advolution of magnesium ingot market value for the first time appears at before and after the World War II, and during this, the superelevation magnalium obtains unprecedented commercial applications.After entering this century, world market aluminium and magnesium ingot market value occur convergent for the second time, even reach the magnesium ingot price and be lower than the aluminium ingot price; The research of superelevation magnalium receives the concern in light alloy field once more.And in the time of majority, world market magnesium ingot price is higher than under the aluminium valency situation at the magnesium valency usually far above the aluminium ingot price, and high magnesium and superelevation magnalium are mainly used in national defence and empty day field, and the civil area consumption is little.For example, high-magnesium aluminum alloys such as U.S.'s trade mark 5182,5083 are often used as the light armoring alloy by countries in the world, and what consumption was more is the armoring and naval vessel plate armour of light tank.And, then be employed industries such as " pop can " class I liquid I drink pack at civil area.

High magnesium and superelevation magnalium, except that above-mentioned lightweight with cheaply the advantage, main intensity height, anticorrosive, shock resistance and ductility is good and over-all properties the is preferable characteristic of showing can satisfy the material requirement of the many designs in national defence field.But it is not easy obtaining this alloy of ideal.The high chemical activity of magnesium causes high magnesium and superelevation magnalium and more technical barrier occurs in melting, slag hitting, casting and heat treatment process.Because the solid solubility of magnesium in aluminium is about 1wt% under the room temperature, the magnesium about interpolation 10wt% will form very big satiety degree, and the precipitation precipitated phase is controlled and transform as control bad, the unfavorable situation of mechanics and corrosion resistance often occurs.On the other hand, the past high-magnesium aluminum alloy is applied to light armoring, heavily stressed research biases toward construction material properties under the high strain, and less for structure-function integration The Characteristic Study, such as electromagnetic property, make the not enough of researchs such as injecting body deflection characteristic, Adiabatic Shear characteristic.

1932, United States Patent (USP) 1,856 disclosed the patent that is entitled as " aluminium-magnesium alloy " No. 615.The advantage of this patent is: when other investigators are devoted to by improving casting technique or improving thermal treatment process and improve Al-((in the time of the performance of the commercial aluminum magnesium alloy of 16～22wt%) Mg, two classes, this contriver then adopts the means by improving chemical formulation to improve performance for 5～16wt%) Mg or Al-.This patent discloses: (add the Mn of 0.5wt% in the Mg aluminum magnesium alloy system of 5wt%～16wt%) at Al-; And in Al-16wt%～22wt%Mg aluminum magnesium alloy system, add the Mn of 1.0wt%, availability ideal aluminum magnesium alloy.The tensile strength that wherein consists of the superelevation magnalium of Al-12wt%Mg-1.0wt%Mn is that 70350 pounds of/square inch (484.7 MPa), elongations are that 21.7% (gauge length is 2 inches), Brinell hardness are that 108.2HB, yield strength are 34000 pounds/square inch (234.3 MPa).

In aluminum magnesium alloy, also add Ni in the interpolation Mn and improve the aluminum magnesium alloy performance, just disclose to some extent in the patent of No. 1932846 disclosed being entitled as of United States Patent (USP) in 1933 " aluminium alloy ".The advantage of this invention readme is: (add Mn and Ni in the aluminum magnesium alloy of 3～8wt%) Mg types simultaneously, the advantage of this method is: 1. be beneficial to the hot strength that improves alloy at Al-; 2. the adding of Ni makes the impurity among raw material A l and the Mg become insensitive to performance impact; 3. the drive disk assembly that is suitable in 400 ℉～700 ℉ (204 ℃～371 ℃) environment uses.The tensile strength that wherein consists of the superelevation magnalium of Al-6wt%Mg-1.5wt%Mn-2wt%Ni is that 19200 pounds of/square inch (132.3 MPa), elongations are 3.2%.Obviously, examine this invention the today after 70 years again closely, can cause that inhaling hydrogen causes hydrogen embrittlement and reduce the alloy corrosion resistance thereby its shortcoming mainly shows the interpolation of Ni.

About high magnesium and superelevation magnalium, also disclose other 3 patents the same year, discloses some valuable information from prescription, melting, concise equal angles.These 3 patents are:

＜1 〉, the patent of 1,910, No. 656 disclosed being entitled as of United States Patent (USP) in 1933 " a kind of production of aluminium alloy ".This invention is found in to the high-magnesium aluminum alloy refining process that consists of Al-5wt%Mg-2wt%Mn-1wt%Ti-1wt%Cr: produce and bring 0.75wt%Fe and 0.75wt%Si and BCl in this alloy process into ₃Volatilization all exist usually.

＜2 〉, the patent of 1933 United States Patent (USP) 1.932.837 number disclosed being entitled as " a class aluminium alloy ".This patent announcement can add 0.1～1.5wt%Mn simultaneously in containing the aluminum magnesium alloy of 2wt%～9wt%Mg and 0.01～2wt%Ca improves alloy property.

＜3 〉, the patent of 1,932, No. 856 disclosed being entitled as of United States Patent (USP) in 1933 " a class aluminium alloy ".This patent discloses can add the Mn of 0.5～4wt%, the Ca of 0.05～2.0wt% in the aluminum magnesium alloy of the Mg that contains 3～8wt%, add 0.5～4wt%Ni to improve alloy property again.

The United States Patent (USP) of nineteen thirty-seven discloses the patent that is entitled as " aluminium-magnesium alloy " 2,096, No. 010.This patent discloses: as in the rubber tyre mold process, this alloy shows the good and lightweight advantage of heat conduction at the aluminum magnesium alloy that will consist of Al-10wt%Mg.And appear weak point be:, in by mould outer wall heating chamber process, seepage often occurs as the hot steam of 100 pounds of/square inch pressure.Same problem appears at this alloy-steel casting is applied on the milk production line.When the combined pasteurization dish that uses this alloy to make, the phenomenon of water vapor seepage also often appears in its outer wall heating chamber.This alloy seepage method of solution that this invention discloses is: " add a spot of metal Sn in the alloy melting process, can solve this alloy fully and leak the vapour problem.But, add Sn can not be too much (＜1wt%), add too many Sn and will obviously reduce this alloy mechanical property ".For example: the Al-10wt%Mg alloy through 16 hours 810 ℉ (432 ℃) solution treatment and cold quenching subsequently, its tensile strength is that 44000 pounds/square inch (303MPa), yield strength are that 25000 pounds of/square inch (172 MPa), elongations are 13%.And after adding the Sn of 0.4wt%, its tensile strength is that 42000 pounds of/square inch (289 MPa), yield strengths are that 24000 pounds/square inch (156MPa), elongation are 12%.

United States Patent (USP) in 1966 discloses the patent that is entitled as " processing of aluminium-magnesium alloy " 3,232, No. 796.This patent discloses: for the aluminium-magnesium alloy of content at 4.5wt%～8wt%Mg, directly adopt cold worked mode to obtain this alloy product, serious cold working stress corrosion will appear in goods, can address this problem with other thermal treatment measure and increase hot-work.For example: consist of the aluminum magnesium alloy of Al-6.25%Mg-0.51%Mn-0.11%Cr, adopt following treatment measures: alloy pig at first heats 920 ℉ (493 ℃) and be rolled into 0.25 inch plate, this plate also at room temperature is cold-pressed into 0.102 inch in 750 ℉ (about 400 ℃) annealing sheet under this temperature; Also at room temperature cold pressing in 750 ℉ (about 400 ℃) annealing then to reach attenuate 40% (sheet is thick to be 0.061 inch), this sheet material of 0.061 inch after 450 ℉ (232 ℃) manually lost efficacy 12 hours, the attenuate 20% of colding pressing again under the room temperature (sheet is thick to be 0.049 inch); After this, be prepared into the sheet material specimen in the artificial for the second time inefficacy of 250 ℉ (121 ℃) after 2 hours.The tensile strength of this sample is that 56700 pounds of/square inch (390 MPa), yield strengths are that 38900 pounds of/square inch (268 MPa), elongations are 15%.This sample is made 349 days stress etching experiment in 3.5% the NaCl aqueous solution, do not detect the sample that produces stress corrosion.

United States Patent (USP) in 1967 discloses the patent that is entitled as " aluminum base alloy " 3,346, No. 372.This patent discloses: in case surpass 5.5% for ubiquitous Mg content in the aluminum magnesium alloy, will produce the technology barriers of Sensitivity of Stress Corrosion; Capture the means of these technology barriers and remove USP3, the hot-work of mentioning for 232, No. 796 and repeat in alloy, to add metallic element Hf outside the processing means such as inefficacy-roll extrusion inefficacy-roll extrusion.Also can add one group of Cr, Fe, Si element.Can also add Hf, Cr, Fe, Si element quaternary element simultaneously.The contrast experiment of this invention shows:

1. blank alloy consist of Al-7.2wt%Mg, stress etching experiment proves that stress corrosion all takes place sample.Mechanical property is: tensile strength is 54500 pounds/square inch (376 MPa), and yield strength is 41400 pounds/square inch (285 MPa), and elongation is 11.4%.

2. one group of Al-7wt%Mg-0.1wt%Cr-0.26wt%Fe-0.11wt%Si that consists of that adds Cr, Fe, Si mischmetal, stress etching experiment proves: discrete sample generation stress corrosion; Mechanical property is: tensile strength is 63500 pounds/square inch (438 MPa), and yield strength is 49900 pounds/square inch (344 MPa), and elongation is 8.6%.

3. the alloy composition that adds Hf, Cr, Fe, Si quaternary element simultaneously is Al-7.15wt%Mg-0.13wt%Cr-0.22wt%Fe-0.11et%Si-0.25wt%Hf, and stress etching experiment proves: stress corrosion does not all take place in all samples; Mechanical property is: tensile strength is 63800 pounds/square inch (440 MPa), and yield strength is 51000 pounds/square inch (351 MPa), and elongation is 7.8%.

In addition, in case surpass 5.5wt%, will produce the technology barriers of Sensitivity of Stress Corrosion for Mg content in the aluminum magnesium alloy.Outside the means of capturing these technology barriers of 1966 (USP3,232, No. 796) and (USP3,346, No. 372) two patents announcement in 1967,20 United States Patent (USP)s of also having an appointment the same period disclose the method for capturing these technology barriers except that above-mentioned.

United States Patent (USP) 3 in 1971,556, disclose for No. 872 in the patent that is entitled as " technology of preparation aluminum base alloy ", with Mg content is the superelevation magnesium alloy of 7～7.5wt%, in this alloy, add the Fe of some amount and add after the Si or Cr or Zn or Li or Ge or Mn or Cu or Co or Ca or Ga or In or Th or mishmetal etc. of some amount close relation between prescription-thermal treatment-stress corrosion resistant-mechanical property simultaneously.The advantage that wherein adds rare earth shows: for the prescription that adds mishmetal, for example: consist of Al-7wt%Mg-0.3wt%Fe-0.14wt%Si-0.16wt%Ti-0.15wt%Cr-0.1wt%M RE, the rolling pattern that adopts is: after 950T (510 ℃)～975 ℉ (524 ℃) homogenizing is handled 16 hours, with the cooling rate cool to room temperature of 50 ℉ (1 ℃) per hour, again this alloy pig is rolled into 0.172 inch thickness at 575 ℉ (302 ℃).Then in slowly annealing of 800 ℉ (427 ℃), the thin plate that cold rolling one-tenth is 0.06 inch, the mechanical property of testing this thin plate is: tensile strength is 61200 pounds/square inch (422 MPa), and yield strength is 47800 pounds/square inch (329 MPa), and elongation is 8.4%.Manually lost efficacy 4 hours at 300 ℉ (427 ℃) more subsequently, the mechanical property of testing this thin plate once more has: tensile strength is 55600 pounds/square inch (383 MPa), and yield strength is 36800 pounds/square inch (254 MPa), and elongation is 16.8%.It is 2/3 qualified that stress etching experiment proof alloy has approximately.

In addition, in the last century seventies, high magnesium or superelevation magnalium are being equipped in some countries on the armoring and light tank plate armour in naval vessel and are being obtained extensive application.Thereby, higher for the corrosion requirement of alloy, not only to satisfy the requirement of opposing stress corrosion, must satisfy corrosion requirement to various media such as seawater.United States Patent (USP) in 1973 discloses the patent that is entitled as " work hardening aluminium-magnesium alloy series " for 3,708, No. 352.This invention has disclosed the relation between the corrosion of the complete processing of high magnesium that content is 4～10wt%Mg and superelevation magnesium alloy and various media such as anti-seawater and phosphoric acid.

United States Patent (USP) in 1970 discloses the patent that is entitled as " Aluminium Alloy Plate " 3,502, No. 448.The purpose of this invention is " easy-to-draw " problem that solves " pop can " in the liquid drink packing.That is, with " pop can " that high-magnesium aluminum alloy manufactures, " draw ring " that its loam cake is installed must use with its body other material.The tensile strength of should " draw ring " used high-magnesium aluminum alloy must surpass the body certain numerical value, and (this " draw ring " utilizes pulling force to tear the loam cake 10,000 times of " pop can ", the failure number is no more than 5 times), hardness also must surpass body certain numerical value (this " draw ring " utilizes sledge Qu Li to make the loam cake pressure break of " pop can " go out an osculum and self is not crooked, signs such as this ability usefulness Ao Erxun cupping value).This patent discloses: utilize the Mg/Mn ratio and the corresponding anneal of regulating in the high-magnesium aluminum alloy to address the above problem.For example: for content is the high-magnesium aluminum alloy of 4.2%～4.8%Mg, the relational expression that the addition of its Mn must satisfy is Mn%=1.700-0.9ln (Mg%) ± 0.15%, add the latten of Mn according to this relational expression, tensile strength is that 57000 pounds of/square inch (393 MPa), yield strengths are that 53000 pounds of/square inch (365 MPa), elongations are 3%, the Ao Erxun cupping value is 0.14 inch; And through 400 ℉ (204 ℃) baking formula annealing 20 minutes, its Ao Erxun cupping value was brought up to 0.16 inch, and its tensile strength is that 53000 pounds of/square inch (365 MPa), yield strengths are that 45000 pounds of/square inch (310 MPa), elongations are 8%.From then on find out, if United States Patent (USP) in 1932 successfully utilizes the technical barrier in the Mn element solution superelevation magnalium for 1,856, No. 615.

" pop can " though little, scientific and technological content is higher.Remove above-mentioned USP3, outside the technical measures that solution " easy-to-draw " problem of 502, No. 448 announcements is taked, also have more means.For example: for " pop can " used high-magnesium aluminum alloy, more the alloy heat treating regime of refinement discloses in the patent of 3,560, No. 269 disclosed being entitled as of United States Patent (USP) " earless Aluminium Alloy Plate " in 1971 to some extent.And, in the patent of 4,284, No. 437 disclosed being entitled as of United States Patent (USP) in 1981 " complete processing of cold rolling Aluminium Alloy Plate ", announcement is arranged also for the prescription and corresponding improvement such as cold-rolling process of 5082 and 5182 used high-magnesium aluminum alloys of " pop can ".Japan or other national patent also have more at solving problem in science or the technology barriers that occur in " pop can " manufacturing the same period.

United States Patent (USP) in 1984 discloses the patent that is entitled as " aluminium armor plate system " for 4,469, No. 537.This invention is primarily aimed at the light tank plate armour that can drop to the increase of the quantity required of high-magnesium aluminum alloy with to the raising of specification of quality, to original 5083 and the prescription and the cold-rolling process of 5456 serial armoring aluminum magnesium alloys improve.This patent discloses: by increase the content of Mg and Mn simultaneously on 5083 or 5456 series alloy bases, and adjust cold rolling economy, the novel armoring aluminum magnesium alloy that obtains be significantly improved aspect opposing bullet and the bomb debris breakdown performance than 5083 or 5456 series alloys.The alloy main component of this invention is Al-5.41%Mg-0.86%Mn-0.29%Fe-0.1%Si, adopts the cold-rolling process of optimization to be rolled to the alloy of this composition.According to U.S. military products MIL-A46027F standard test opposing bullet and bomb debris breakdown performance, the result shows, the performance of new alloy improves a lot, FS-experiment wherein (the bomb debris simulation punctures experiment-Fragment Simulating projectile) is adopted 20 millimeters blunt point to inject body and is tested, and the ballisticimpact volume of this alloy (ballistic excess) has increased the FT/SEC of 61 units than 5083 original armoring aluminum magnesium alloys.AP-experiment (armoring spur punctures experiment-Armor Piercing Projectile) adopts the body of injecting of the bullet point point of bore 30mm to test, and the ballisticimpact volume of this alloy has increased the FT/SEC of 157 units than 5083 original armoring aluminum magnesium alloys.The mechanical property of testing this alloy is: tensile strength 46 KSI (699 MPa), yield strength 28 KSI (426 MPa), elongation are 12%; 5083 original armoring aluminum magnesium alloys of strength ratio improve many, but elongation has reduced by 2%.Stress etching experiment is the result show, stress corrosion resistant can increase by 5083 original armoring aluminum magnesium alloys of force rate to some extent.

The end of the year 2005,6,969, No. 432 patent disclosures of United States Patent (USP) trademark office the patent that is entitled as " weldable al-mg-Mn alloy product that improves physical strength " of Frenchman application.This invention is primarily aimed at the characteristics of demand of naval vessel plate armour to aluminum magnesium alloy, take all factors into consideration the naval vessel plate armour to sea water resistance salt air corrosion requirement, also take into account welding property, improve on the prescription basis of 5083 high-magnesium aluminum alloys in the past, regulate Mn content, improve sea water resistance salt air corrosion and welding property, to satisfy the needs of naval vessel with aluminum magnesium alloy etc.This patent discloses: the constituent content that the alloy after the improvement must add (wt%) is: 3.0＜Mg＜5.0,0.5＜Mn＜1.0,0.02＜Zn＜0.40, Fe＜0.25, Si＜0.25: the element that can select to add is: Cr＜0.25, C.＜0.20, Ti＜0.20, Zr＜0.20, preferred constituent content is: 0.8＜Mn＜1.0, Fe＜0.15, Cr＜0.1.

There is the problem in science aspect for the superelevation magnalium, core periodical---" alloy and compound " (the Journal of alloys ﹠amp in the calendar year 2001 investigation of materials field; Compounds) reported and be entitled as " formation of Al-12wt%Mg alloy transition phase and the comparative studies of transformation ".It is that the superelevation magnalium of 12wt% exists that " conversion of supersaturation αGu Rongti → GP district → β " → β ' → β " is to this conversion condition and Al that this article has disclosed Mg content ₃Mg ₂Formation and the result of study of effect etc.Its useful prompting for, the transformation of transition phase is beneficial to and injects the energy absorption that body is being injected Adiabatic Shear in the light alloy process in 200 ℃～350 ℃ warm areas, also is beneficial under the high strain and produces the shock peening of moment under the condition of high ground stress.In addition, also have similar result of study or alloy designs thinking (D.Hamana, et al.Comparative stuty of formation and transformation of transition phases in Al-12wt%Mg alloy[J] .Journal of alloys and compounds, 320 (2001) P93-102).

For high-magnesium aluminum alloy,, also exist the supersaturation problem of Mg even Mg content surpasses 2wt%.This also is traditionally the aluminum magnesium alloy that adds the above magnesium of 2wt% in aluminium all to be called one of reason of high-magnesium aluminum alloy.Mg supersaturation problem can be brought tangible cold working hardening, and this processing for common structured material is disadvantageous.And when injecting body and inject the aluminum magnesium alloy of easy generation cold working hardening, injecting body impacts and causes the alloy sclerosis, and the alloy sclerosis hinders again conversely to be injected body and impact, and this phenomenon becomes in the light armoring alloy designs on the contrary wishes to take place.Chinese patent in 2005 discloses the patent that is entitled as " having medium mechanical corrosion resistant aluminum alloy and manufacture method thereof " for No. 200510009789.8.This invention disclosed " be the aluminium alloy of 2.3～2.6wt% for Mg content in the aluminium; have the supersaturation of magnesium in the alloy; thus the free energy that causes is higher; a large amount of dislocation that cold deformation produces make strain energy improve again; therefore, this kind alloy shows in the operation of rolling that work hardening coefficient is big, the difficult control of plate shape and cause in the operation of rolling easily and ftracture ".

Inject aspect the research of light alloy injecting body, the research core mainly concentrate on alloy under the high strain can bear heavily stressed and the various problem in science that cause thus thereof.Rate of straining and stress that common test machine for mechanism can produce can not satisfy the needs of light armoring investigation of materials, and what can satisfy the demand is to inject high strain that body produces and heavily stressed under the gas that produces of explosive charge or pump high pressure gas promote.It can only be the research of object for armour material as the reference data that common test machine for mechanism obtains mechanical performance index, and compression performance is more targeted than the test of tensile property.But, inject less that the concrete result of study of light alloy material openly reports injecting body so far.In recent years, utilize MAGNESIUM METAL to have characteristic development aluminum magnesium alloy light armoring or magnesium alloy light armoring materials such as six specific side's slip systems and damping, each national capital is heavier to be looked (just great year etc., armoring with the discussion of magnesium alloy bulletproof performance representation system, China's engineering science, 2006, Vol8, No2, P30-33).

Inject body inject behind the light alloy should be how accurately and the sign of science, various countries stipulate in modes such as military standards mostly, seldom issue with forms such as paper or patents.But, American National aviation and space travel office (NASA) the Popular Science Education of webpage part to the impact sample of injecting body, how to launch, launching device or pistol and many principles, data, sign etc. are with the form open (American National aviation and space travel office webpage: http://quest.nasa.gov/people/journals/aero/ballisticrange.html or http://quest.nasa.gov/aero/photos/section5.html) of many contents with ducoment with illusion.

In addition, the addition manner of element or master alloy also can produce significant effects to alloying effect or the goal of the invention of desiring to reach.As adding neodymium (Nd) in the alloy of the present invention, the master alloy that can select has forms such as Nd-Al, Nd-Mg, Nd-Fe and Nd-Si master alloy, but different master alloy is to the effect difference of this class invention alloy.Chinese patent discloses the patent that is entitled as " yttrium-rich RE aluminium intermediate alloy preparation method " for No. 01138655, and another Chinese patent discloses the patent that is entitled as " a kind of novel molten salt electrolyzer " for No. 00267763.6; Two invention common features show: one of problem in science of endeavouring to solve is " stove gold-plating " problem.This invents announcement: should " stove gold-plating " be the compound of multiple rare earth element and the formed intermetallic compound of Al.Useful prompting to alloy of the present invention is: the master alloy form that rare earth Nd is added in design must be noted that " stove gold-plating " problem, promptly: factors such as the formation quantity of Nd intermetallic compound and heredity are to the influence of positively effect of the present invention.Similarly some useful promptings, patent in No. 200510119117.2 disclosed being entitled as of Chinese patent " preparation method of composite cathode fused salt electrolysis rare-earth and Mg master alloy ", the patent of No. 85102283 disclosed being entitled as of Chinese patent " novel method of neodium iron intermediate alloy preparation ", the patent of No. 200510119121.9 disclosed being entitled as of Chinese patent " with the method for high moisture material electrolytic preparation rare-earth and Mg master alloy ", the patent of No. 200510119108.3 disclosed being entitled as of Chinese patent " preparation method of foam composite material of magnesium alloy-pearlite ", the patent of No. 200410012162.3 disclosed being entitled as of Chinese patent " magnesium base foamed composite and preparation ", the patents of No. 2005016638 disclosed being entitled as of United States Patent (USP) " magnesium base composite material " etc. all have relevant announcement.On the other hand, if add Nd and Fe simultaneously with Nd-Fe master alloy form, the positively effect that this class is invented may show:

Although for 5083 or 5456 serial armoring high-magnesium aluminum alloys, the research that how to utilize the armoring principle of passive electromagnetic to increase opposing bullet and bomb debris puncture aspect yet there are no report, but, Nd-Fe-B is well-known and ideal permanent magnet material, when high magnesium or superelevation magnalium need increase passive electromagnetic plate armour function, add Nd and Fe and obviously lay the foundation for adding Nd-Fe-B.In other words, the positively effect of this class invention might lay the foundation for increasing the electromagnetic armor function (Zheng Ping etc., electromagnetic armor and development thereof [J], micromotor, 2002, Vol35, No2, P36-39).

In addition, in high-magnesium aluminum alloy, add elements such as Si and Fe, cause generating the intermetallic compound of a large amount of ternarys or quaternary Al-Si-Fe-Mg easily in the mode that surpasses constant.For example, on 2024 aluminium alloy bases, enforceable with the Si content in the alloy system bring up to 20.7wt%, Fe content is brought up to 5.4wt%, then obtains FeSi easily ₂Al ₄, Fe ₂Si ₂Al ₉, Al ₈Si ₆Mg ₃Many ternarys such as Fe or quaternary intermetallic compound (Yuan Xiaoguang etc., the phase composite [J] in the jet deposition Al-Si-Fe-Cu-Mg alloy, powder metallurgy industry, 1999, Vol 9, No2, P17-22).These correlative studys result relates to part of the present invention: the design of Si and Fe content all surpasses 1wt% in the alloy of the present invention, and is more widely different less than the design concept of 0.3wt% than Si in the common high-magnesium aluminum alloy and Fe content.The consequence that this difference caused certainly will produce plus or minus face effect to the present invention.On the other hand, surpass elements such as the adding Si of constant and Fe, how to control defectives such as pore, spot corrosion, the generation that comprises surface imperfection also is an important problem.Some studies show that: to finding that Si is that 9.56wt%, Mg are that 3.37wt%, Al are the relative composition (Zhu Yuanzhi etc. of 76.51wt% in the superelevation magnalium product surface corrosion chemical composition analysis process, AlMg10 alloy casting piece surface defective origin cause of formation analysis [J], casting, 2004, Vol 53, No5, P372-375).

In a word, return and state the resulting result of background technology and be: 1. design starting point does not have based on the invention of " can make inject body depart from inject direction ".2. utilize the method for " in-situ synthetic method adds Si " not see patent disclosure.Though 3. in No. 3,556,872, above-mentioned United States Patent (USP)s of mentioning in 1971, openly add 0.1% mishmetal, add the fusing point height, have the rare earth Nd (neodymium) of individual character and also do not see patent disclosure with Nd-Fe master alloy form addition manner.

Summary of the invention:

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of superelevation magnalium of injecting body deflection and preparation method thereof that makes.Particularly provide a kind of and in aluminium, add 13wt%Mg, add the pearlstone in-situ synthetic method and add Si, adopt the Nd-Fe master alloy to add rare earth Nd, prepare to make and inject body and depart from the superelevation magnalium of injecting direction.This material can be applied to light armoring or its composite armour and civilian armoured van and bullet-proof cars etc. such as external hanging type light tank, troop transporter, reaches the problem that thing departs from former incident direction function of injecting that makes.

The present invention based on principle of design and cardinal principle be:

＜1 〉, make and inject body deflection:

1. utilize " small rolling bearing or ball " to make and inject the body deflection: the high-speed straight-line motion inject body, in servicely run into " rolling bearing " (accompanying drawing 1-A) that a dimpling goes out in its working direction, issuable result is: rolling bearing can make the body of injecting of this high-speed straight-line motion slip over along the tangent line of rolling bearing, causes this to inject that body departs from original linear running direction and along new direction continue to move (accompanying drawing 1-B) thus.Similar principle is: should " rolling bearing " substitute (accompanying drawing 1-C) with a very lubricious ball-type " ball " in surface, and cause and the identical result (accompanying drawing 1-D) that is somebody's turn to do " rolling bearing " effect.

2. composition, pattern and the size of " small ball " in the alloy: " small ball " of the present invention consist of the inner accumulative Mg of alloy ₂The Si compound, the pattern that its representational tissue such as accompanying drawing 2 metallographs are disclosed.Mg in the accompanying drawing 2 ₂Si compound particle section mean diameter can find a large amount of similar compounds particles greater than 50 μ m in the alloy easily, and its section mean diameter is between 50～200 μ m.Mg ₂Si is the crumbly mass of high rigidity, high-melting-point, antifluorite structure.Mg in the aluminum magnesium alloy of the present invention ₂The hardness of i far exceeds alloy substrate hardness, injects to run into Mg in the running body ₂The Si compound, this Mg ₂The Si compound is born the effect of " small ball ", makes to inject the body deflection.

Usually in fact,, generally do not wish to exist Mg as structural metallic material ₂The Si compounds because these brittle compounds, is fragility splitting source in fracture origin in the alloy drawing process and the alloy compression process.The present invention then wishes Mg ₂The Si compound exists, makes the body deflection task of injecting, reinforcement alloy functional materials characteristic to bear " small ball ".

3. be beneficial to this " ball " to " small ball " surface-coated " lubricant " in the alloy and roll, improve to make and injects body deflection effect: well-known, bearing adding lubricating oil can significantly improve the slip ability of bearing.If among the present invention at Mg ₂There are similar " lubricant " composition, performance Mg that also can be more favourable around the Si compound particle ₂Si makes the body deflection effect of injecting.It is metal M g that the present invention designs this " lubricant " composition; That is: this metal M g is present in Mg ₂Bear what is called " lubricant " effect around the Si compound; Realize Mg ₂One of method that has metal M g " lubricant " around the Si compound is: utilize original position synthetic Mg-Mg ₂There is this structure formation easily in the Si intermediate and this structure can be genetic to the characteristic of using alloy.Proof Mg ₂The Si compound exists one of method of metal M g for utilizing energy dispersion type x-ray spectroscopy method (EDX) on every side.The Mg that accompanying drawing 3 discloses ₂Si compound edge energy spectrogram is analyzed the Mg at this compound edge and the relative content of Si with EDX, and representative result is that the atom number ratio of Mg and Si is 71.74 to 28.26.Obviously, these 28.26 Si atoms form Mg ₂Si only needs the Mg of 2 multiple amounts, needs 56.52 Mg, Mg that is: ₂Si compound edge occur Mg residue (relative surplus 15.22 Mg atoms, account for total amount 21%).

Mg ₂There is metal M g around the Si compound, why this metal M g can play " lubricant " effect, reason is: Mg is close-packed hexagonal structure (HCP), its [0001] face (as room temperature) under very low energy just can produce slippage, and its [10-11] conical surface of what is more important is at the higher occasion of energy (as: the elementide friction is produced in high strain and the heavily stressed alloy down frictional energy or heat; Inject body inject the energy that is produced in kinetic energy-heat energy conversion process in the alloy process, the Adiabatic Shear process or inject at a high speed between body and the matrix alloy the frictional heat energy that produces or high temperature etc.) also can produce conical surface slippage; Two slip planes particularly [10-11] conical surface can produce conical surface slippage, have further improved " lubricant " effect.Also become and utilize slippage to make to inject the important factor that body departs from former incident direction.

4. " small ball " distributes and quantity guarantees in the alloy: in the alloy " small ball ", that is: and the Mg of " surface is lubricious " ₂The Si compound if its distribution mode in alloy substrate is the arrangement (as the synoptic diagram 4 of accompanying drawing) of rule, symmetric or matrix form, just can not play the body deflection effect of injecting that makes.Alloy of the present invention Mg wherein ₂The Si compound truly is distributed as the arrangement of irregular, asymmetric or non-matrix form.Shown in black block in 200 times of metallographs of accompanying drawing 5, wherein adding white dashed line is to make the schematic lines of injecting the effect of body deflection.On the other hand, Mg ₂If the Si compound is very few in the distribution of matrix alloy, obviously can not play the body deflection effect of injecting that makes.The present invention guarantees that sufficient amount Mg is arranged in the alloy ₂One of Si compound distribution measure is to add more Mg of relative populations (13wt% or more than) and Si (more than the 1wt%) at matrix alloy as far as possible, so that the Mg of formation sufficient amount ₂Si.Measure two for utilizing original position synthetic Mg-Mg ₂The Si intermediate obtains more Mg easily ₂The Si compound, and be beneficial to structure heredity.Its principle is: Mg ₂Si solubility with temperature in Al reduces and straight line decline, such as: under 600 ℃, 500 ℃, 300 ℃, Mg ₂The maxima solubility of Si in Al is respectively 1.87%, 1.05% and 0.27%; Obviously, temperature is reduced to room temperature, Mg ₂The meltage of Si in Al levels off to zero, Mg ₂Si is difficult to the prime mover that in Al dissolved repulsive interaction becomes its generation mutually; Many results of study show, add the Mg that surpasses 1.5wt% in Al, then produce significant " Mg surplus ".In case Mg surplus, Mg occur ₂Quick reduction behavior appears in the solubleness of Si in Al, " Mg surplus " quantity is many more, Mg ₂The solubleness of Si in Al underspeeds fast more; And the present invention adds 13% Mg, " Mg surplus " effect is performed to " the common limit ", for obtaining more Mg ₂The Si compound provides impellent.

This " limit Mg surplus " of the present invention design is opposite with the mentality of designing of the Al-Mg-Si line aluminium alloy of routine, because the Mg surplus causes Mg in this system ₂The solubleness of Si in Al reduces fast, and direct result is that the strengthening effect of this Al-Mg-Si alloy reduces, and seriously restricting this is that alloy mechanical property improves.This problem is thorny problem in the design of Al-Mg-Si line aluminium alloy always, also is one of technology barriers in this alloy processing.On the other hand, the Mg surplus causes Mg ₂The indirect consequence that the solubleness of Si in Al reduces fast is: because Mg ₂Si is compounded in the Al matrix of superfluous Mg mutually, causes Mg thus ₂Si compound and metal M g also deposit, and this metal M g has served as the role of " lubricant " of the present invention " small ball ".This inference is consistent with the above-mentioned EDX experimental result of mentioning.

In a word, under the acting in conjunction of above-mentioned " prime mover " and " impellent ", can access more Mg ₂The Si compound; Increase " small ball " distributed quantity; Promote its performance to make and inject the effect of body deflection.

＜2 〉, the Mg of interpolation 13%:

1. be beneficial to the alloy lightweight.The Mg of every interpolation 1wt% in the aluminium, theoretical density can reduce by 0.01%, the light-weighted alloy loss of weight occasion that helps satisfying the demand.

2. be beneficial to the maximization of slippage and dislocation.Disclose the result in conjunction with relevant portion in the principle of the invention 1 (can make and inject the body deflection), when the common relatively high-magnesium aluminum alloy of interpolation Mg quantity maximizes in the aluminium, be beneficial to and improve the phorogenesis that metal M g utilizes its [0001] face and [10-11] conical surface, the performance lubricant " effect.

3. be beneficial to and produce unsettled transition phase and utilize this unsettled transition phase to transform the kinetic energy that absorbs HI high impact.Add the Mg near 10wt% in the aluminium, producing unsettled transition phase ability in the alloy sharply increases, and when the Mg that adds reaches 12～13wt%, shows quite outstandingly, and this point is mentioned in the technology of the present invention background.

4. be beneficial to the mechanical property that keeps alloy.Add the Mg of 10～13wt% in the aluminium, for peaked interval appears in magnalium binary alloy tensile strength.And existing studies have shown that, magnalium binary cast alloy that this is interval and process simple thermal treatment can both satisfy the mechanical property requirements of general national defence alloy designs.A Л 8 (the magnalium binary alloy of 10wt%Mg) as the preceding Russian trade mark before 50 years by simple thermal treatment, can obtain good shock resistance and mechanical property (tensile strength 294MPa, elongation 12%, Brinell hardness 70HB).

＜3 〉, in-situ synthetic method adds Si:

The mode of adding Si in the aluminum magnesium alloy adds with Al-Si master alloy form usually.The Mg that Si in the Al-Si master alloy runs in the aluminum magnesium alloy matrix generates Mg ₂Si, and the Al in the other part of the Si in the Al-Si master alloy and the aluminum magnesium alloy matrix generates intermetallic compound.Its shortcoming is to guarantee that the Si in the Al-Si master alloy all generates Mg ₂Si.And the present invention gives up this master alloy addition manner, at first adds the Mg of q.s in melting finished product alloy process, adds perlite natural crystal (the Si source provides body, contains the Si more than 46%) again, and the two reaction in generates Mg ₂Si adds Al etc. then.Obviously, this kind adds the mode of Si for guaranteeing Mg in the finished product with in-situ synthetic method ₂The quality and quantity of Si is more superior than the mode of adding Si with the Al-Si master alloy, for obtaining Mg ₂Si compound (" small ball ") and making is injected body deflection key element and is laid a good foundation, and (shows more Mg in 200 times of metallographs of accompanying drawing 7 as shown in Figure 7 ₂Si compound (black aggregation block), the perlite ore of this photo counter sample for adding in liquid metal Mg is the synthetic Mg that wants required for the present invention ₂The presoma of Si-Mg.

In addition, the original position synthesis material selects perlitic principle to be: add in the Si process for the Si source provides body with the perlite, the Fe of trace is also taken to Mg by reduction simultaneously in the perlite ₂In the presoma of Si-Mg, Si/Fe ratio is 59:1 in the perlite that the present invention selects, and when the in-situ synthesized reaction temperature was 800 ℃, Fe solubleness in the Mg of presoma was 0.08wt%, and this has guaranteed synthetic Mg ₂In the time of Si, micro Fe also can be dissolved among the Mg of presoma; When in about 800 ℃ of liquid precursor, adding metal A l subsequently, be dissolved in Fe among the presoma Mg be easy to presoma in free Si or the in-situ synthesized reaction unreacted completely Si etc. together generate the Al of bone shape ₁₂Fe ₃Si ₂With acicular Al ₉Fe ₃Si ₂Two kinds of intermetallic compounds, this two kinds of intermetallic compound characteristics and Mg ₂Si is similar, i.e. high rigidity and easily being present on the crystal boundary.Obviously, this design of the present invention originally is intended to utilize this principle, also can make the Al of high rigidity ₁₂Fe ₃Si ₂And Al ₉Fe ₃Si ₂Two kinds of intermetallic compounds are joined in " small ball " ranks, to increase in the alloy " small ball ".

＜4 〉, add rare earth Nd with Nd-Fe master alloy form:

The present invention selects to add the rare earth Nd major cause: 1. Nd relatively with other rare earth element for " close Si rare earth element " promptly: rare earth Nd be in the rare earth element with one of maximum element of Si formation intermetallic compound quantity.2. intermetallic compound that Nd-Si forms is to form the highest element of intermetallic compound fusing point with Si in all light rare earthss.For example: Nd ₅Si ₃, Nd ₅Si ₄, NdSi, Nd ₃Si ₄, β-Nd ₂Si ₃And β-NdSi _XDeng, its melting range is between 1397 ℃～1757 ℃.3. rare earth Nd is to form one of higher element of intermetallic compound hardness with Si in the rare earth element.4. rare earth Nd also is one of parent's " Al rare earth element ".For the present invention, Si is the core strengthening element in the alloy of the present invention.Al is the matrix element in the alloy of the present invention.The close Si characteristic of Nd helps Nd and catches Mg ₂Si among the Si and the disperse Si in the Al matrix, the former (catches Mg ₂Si among the Si) is beneficial to Mg ₂Si assembles or generates compound between new Mg-Si-Nd ternary metal; Latter's (catching the Si of disperse in the Al matrix) is beneficial to the Si-Nd intermetallic compound that obtains high-melting-point and high rigidity, forms useful new reinforcement particle, and this reinforcement particle is the key element for needing in the design of light-alloy armor material to promote or keep also.

And the design that the present invention selects to add rare earth Nd with Nd-Fe master alloy form mainly based on: form between Nd and the Fe 1. that the ability of intermetallic compound is weak (to be generally and only to form a kind of Nd ₂Fe ₁₇Intermetallic compound), Nd-Fe intermetallic compound quantity is few in this master alloy, is beneficial to add the chemically reactive of giving full play to rare earth Nd behind the matrix alloy to.Otherwise, according to ordinary method, mode with the Al-Nd master alloy is added Nd, no matter be to be that Nd-Al master alloy form about 10wt% (electrolytic process acquisition master alloy) or 80wt% (reduction method acquisition master alloy) adds to contain Nd, because Nd and Al are in the master alloy stage, just form multiple intermetallic compound (its compound is " the stove gold-plating " that industrial custom is referred to as), certainly will reduce the chemically reactive of Nd, cause reduction of chemical combination ability or quantity minimizing between Nd and the Si.

Adding in the process of rare earth Nd with Nd-Fe master alloy form, not only making has increased rare earth Nd in the alloy system, and simultaneously Fe is brought in a large number (Nd/Fe ratio is 4: 1 in the Nd-Fe master alloy that the present invention selects) in the alloy system.Similarly, the present invention adds in the Si process for the Si source provides body with the perlite, and the Fe of trace is also taken in the alloy system by reduction simultaneously in the perlite.In addition, select iron crucible as melting device and iron stirring arm as agitator, a certain amount of Fe also is brought in the alloy system.Introduce so many Fe in the matrix alloy, this abstains from common aluminium alloy design very much.Starting point and principle that the present invention is opposite with common aluminium alloy design are:

Under the Al-Fe eutectic temperature, the maxima solubility of Fe in Al is no more than 0.052wt%.Bring so many Fe (the present invention is greater than 1wt%) in the alloy system into, alloy substrate Al of the present invention obviously can not hold it and exist with simple substance form under as cast condition, and unique selection is to generate intermetallic compound.And the intermetallic compound of easy generation is a intermetallic compound between the Fe-Al, such as FeAl ₃And Fe ₂Al ₅, FeAl ₂, FeAl and Fe ₃Al etc.; The common feature of these intermetallic compounds is: property is crisp, and relative hardness is little, and less to improving the intensity of aluminum alloy contribution, the contribution that reduces aluminium alloy plasticity is very big on the contrary, and Fe quantity is assembled at crystal boundary in the crystallisation process more for a long time easily.Obviously, this design of the present invention is to utilize the easily poly-principle of such intermetallic compound, impelling these Fe-Al intermetallic compounds also to join to " small ball " compound ranks, because in the alloy and depositing Mg and Al ₃Mg ₂Etc. unstable phase, then the Fe-Al intermetallic compound be must with Mg, the Mg of surplus ₂Si or Al ₃Mg ₂Transform generation Al under certain condition etc. unstable phase ₉Fe ₃Si ₂Phase, Al ₁₂Fe ₃Si ₂Phase, FeSi ₂Al ₄Phase, Fe ₂Si ₂Al ₉Phase or Al ₈Si ₆Mg ₃Fe equates compound between multi-element metal.Compound between these multi-element metals helps increasing " small ball " in the alloy equally.

＜5 〉, mimic mensuration is injected body and is injected light alloy deflection track:

Inject the research and the characterizing method of track in the light alloy (aluminium base, magnesium base, titanium base alloy) about injecting body, can adopt real example and two kinds of researchs of simulation or characterizing method at concrete application target.

The method of real example: select the firearms of specifying bore, specifying specification, the projectile (as the steel core bullet of so-and-so specification, tungsten pointed drill hole armour piercing shot of so-and-so specification or the like) of specifying specification, distance to a declared goal, specified angle or the like, launch this to the target of being studied and inject body, cut apart the index that palladium alloy is further studied track and other various care then.For the concrete regulation of real example method, each country has than big-difference.

And the mimic method: design and produce the body of injecting in advance near various projectiles, chip shape, design and produce gas percussion formula projector (gas source comprises the explosion gases that pump high pressure gas and explosive produce) in advance, according to air pressure with the index of injecting body is tested in advance and running body speed is injected in demarcation, this speed and inject shape will be in conjunction with actual application environment, for example: when practical application is light-alloy armor, injects the speed of body and inject speed and the shape of shape near the live shell of small-arms; When practical application was the case material of space craft, injecting the speed of body and inject shape will be near the shape of the speed of relative movement and the various space metal fragments of space craft and space metal fragment.For the concrete regulation of analogy method, each country is more flexible, some developing countries even regulation not.

According to above-mentioned International Usage and relative theory, design mimic method of the present invention; Its specific design and principle are as follows:

1. of the present inventionly inject the design of body or choose principle:

The present invention chooses inject body be shaped as " nail " shape (shown in Figure 10-A), for ease of contrasting with the body of selecting of injecting of going together, Figure 10-B among the same figure is that the disclosed body of injecting of American National aviation and space travel office impacts sample, and the white line among Figure 10 is the disclosed wire of injecting concrete sample among the body sample group of corresponding American National aviation of body and space travel office of injecting of the present invention.The mean diameter of injecting body front end spur is 600 μ m, and area is 0.283mm ²(following closely sharp microscopically enlarged photograph) as Figure 11.Why adopt less than 1mm ²Inject the body front end, purpose be the spur simulation puncture on very little area, produce in the experiment heavily stressed.In addition, very little for guaranteeing that this injects in the body matrix alloy process self deformation, and make the heavily stressed matrix alloy that all passes to, inject the body base material and elect the C-1060 carbon steel as, the base material Rockwell hardness is 50～57Rc, through the overheated tensile strength minimum value of injecting body after thermal treatment such as oozing is 1860.3MPa, and shearing and drawing minimum of intensity is 1116.2MPa.

The design of emission gas source 2. of the present invention or choose:

The present invention launches the instantaneous explosion gas that this emission gas source of injecting body adopts explosive to produce, for guarantee that the enough impellents of emission gas generation promote to inject body and produce heavily stressed in injecting body matrix alloy process, the emission gas source is used the nail shooting pill of high-power, and the model of this nail shooting pill is S1 type, colour code for red, power grade are 5 grades, it overlooks photo such as Figure 12.

3. the design of projector of the present invention or choose:

Projector of the present invention is directly used the principle of ail shooter and is chosen the heavy ail shooter of the big power of SDQ603 type.

In a word, of the present inventionly inject body, emission source of the gas and emitter design foothold are: to target can apply enough fast high strain, apply enough big heavily stressed.Another foothold is: launching system reaches state compulsory standard, proves that through the industry-by-industry life-time service it is safe and reliable, and the simulated experiment data reappearance is good, and is convenient to summing up corresponding curved line relation with real example experimental datas such as true rifle emissions.A previous theory and a back actual foothold, the mimic method that supports the present invention's design can reach goal of the invention.

The present invention takes following technical scheme to realize:

Adding purity in iron crucible is MAGNESIUM METAL 68～78g of 99.5wt%, then pours into and the liquid KCl of the analytical pure of the weight such as magnesium that added to magnesium surface; Induction heating melts magnesium and holding temperature 790 ℃～820 ℃ scope; Then add 16～20g expanded perlite granule and be that the iron stirring arm of 99.8wt% stirs until perlite particle because of reacting till all disappearances with liquid Mg with purity, this perlite constitutes with the composition that steady oxide measures: SiO ₂Be 72.5wt%, Al ₂O ₃Be 13.5wt%, K ₂O is 4.25wt%, Na ₂O is that 3.75wt%, CaO are 0.1wt%, Fe ₂O ₃For 0.9wt%, MgO are that 0.075wt%, H or O etc. do not show that the thing analysis is 4.925wt%, the composition summation of various composition analysis things constitutes 100%; Then adding purity is metallic aluminium 415～425g of 99.8wt%, and aluminium melts the back and continues to use the iron stirring arm to stir 0.5～2min; Then add the Nd-Fe master alloy of 5～10g, this master alloy constitutes 80wt%Nd-20wt%Fe, continues to use the iron stirring arm to stir 0.5～1min; And make temperature maintenance 830 ℃～850 ℃ scope, and add once more and adds KCl with institute original protection fused salt is replenished, continue use iron stirring arm stirring 0.5～1min; Withdraw from the iron stirring arm and simultaneously a thin iron pipe is inserted the crucible lower curtate, and be blown into argon gas 0.2～1min by this iron pipe and give vent to anger, the Argon amount is 50～80 bubble/min; Stop heating alloy liquid is lowered the temperature naturally, insert thermocouple temperature measurement, after condensing appears in the protection fused salt in the crucible; and be reduced to 690 ℃～720 ℃ scopes; suction pipe is inserted crucible (about 3cm distance apart from the bottom) inhale cast alloy, be sucked out alloy and be cooled to room temperature, obtain the superelevation magnalium.The Mg content range is that 12.7～13.4wt%, Fe content range are that 1.42～2.44wt%, Nd content range are that 0.31～0.52wt%, Si content range are that the content range of 1.05～1.24wt%, Ca and Mn impurity summation is that 0.1～0.3wt%, surplus are Al in this alloy of chemical analysis.The hardness of cast form scope of measuring this alloy with Vickers hardness tester is 118.6～125.3HV; The as cast condition compressive strength maximum range of measuring this alloy with test machine for mechanism is 352～505MPa; Measure with analogue method and to inject body to inject the minimum value of this cast alloy trajectory bias per-cent be 80%.

The mimic method is measured and to be injected body and inject the method for this alloy trajectory bias per-cent and be: cast alloy pole material is mounted in the thick weldless steel tube of 3～6mm after polishing; The alloy pole that is mounted to the alloy pole of outer steel pipe in the circular hole that thickness is 65mm toothed oak wooden boards again or directly will overlap steel pipe is mounted in the circular hole of toothed oak wooden boards; The one side of this toothed oak wooden boards is that 50mm pushes up real steel plate and is adjacent to thickness closely, and another side is used to inject penetrating of thing, finishes the target by cast alloy rod-steel pipe-the toothed oak wooden boards-the real steel plate in top is formed at this moment.

Inject body and choose the standard nailing that forms for the base material manufacturing by the C-1060 carbon steel, this nailing specification is that YD52S8, bar length are 2 inches (52mm), it is 1116.2MPa that minimum of intensity is drawn in shearing, the tensile strength minimum value is 1860.3MPa, the mean diameter of injecting body front end spur is 600 μ m, and average area is 0.283mm ²Promote this and inject body and function high-power standard nail shooting pill, the model of this nail shooting pill is that S4 type, colour code are 5 grades for red, power grade.Launch this and inject body and function standard ail shooter, this ail shooter is the heavy ail shooter of big power, and its model is the SDQ603 type.

This ail shooter through binding, shoot, open step such as insurance after, loophole only is pressed on the palladium alloy face; After proofreading the certain vertical target alloy of transmitting tube face repeatedly, hug the trigger action emission.Such as committed step such as vertical target alloy face whether such as transmitting tube, each emission is taken pictures so that subsequent analysis from all angles with digital camera.Each sample that nailing is injected alloys target cracks and shows that the ballistic trajectory overall picture carries out systems analysis, and the molecular moiety that wherein calculates " trajectory bias per-cent " formula is that track began significantly to depart from the sample size of injecting vertical line or bending after nailing vertically entered palladium alloy 5mm; And denominator partly is to total number of samples that should sample sets, that is, make and inject the body deflection and do not make the sample size total value of injecting the body deflection.

Preparation method's advantage of the present invention: preparation flow is lacked and is interconnected closely, and raw materials cost is low and workable, is easy to reach the invention effect.And the advantage of sample detection can reach the invention testing goal.Filled up blank between aluminium alloy light armoring and the magnesium alloy light armoring with superelevation magnesium alloy form.Also lay a good foundation for exploitation electromagnetism light armoring material.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 be of the present invention for ease of illustrating " utilize ' small rolling bearing or ball ' to make and inject body deflection theory hypothesis ' the explanation synoptic diagram that provided.

Fig. 2 is that of the present invention " it is inner and take on the Mg of ' small ball ' task to be present in alloy ₂The Si compound " representative metallograph.

This photo at central black patch, is provided the representational Mg of the present invention by the dotted line circle ₂The cohesive size of Si compound and gathering pattern, Mg of the present invention ₂Si compound size microscopic analysis conclusion is that the section mean diameter is between 50～200 μ m.

Fig. 3 is that the present invention utilizes EDX (energy dispersion type X fluorescence spectrum analysing method) scanning Mg ₂The representational original EDX of Si compound periphery can spectrogram.The result was 71.74 to 28.26 for the atom number ratio of Mg and Si after the power spectrum peak quantized among the figure.With respect to Mg ₂There is needed atom number ratio in Si, shows " residue that Mg occurred ".

Fig. 4 is hypothesis Mg ₂The Si compound is distributed as arrangement and its quantity rareness of rule, symmetric or matrix form in alloy substrate, then can not play to make the principle explanation synoptic diagram of injecting the effect of body deflection.

Fig. 5 is cast alloy of the present invention representative metallograph under 200 times.

Black block is Mg in the photo ₂The Si compound, white dashed line for after injecting body and injecting alloy, its stress point is because of being subjected to Mg ₂Si compound resistance and dial to be changeed issuable movement locus line by ' small ball '.

Fig. 6 is cast alloy of the present invention representative metallograph under 200 times.

Black block is Mg in the photo ₂The Si compound, from this photo as seen, Mg in the cast alloy of the present invention ₂The Si compound is than the Mg in the common structural alloy material ₂The quantity of Si compound is much more.

Fig. 7 is that cast alloy of the present invention has that the effect of body deflection is injected in good making, it is shaped as specific representational compression experiment stress-strain characteristic curve.

Fig. 8 be cast alloy of the present invention do not make inject the effect of body deflection, its shape does not have specific compression experiment stress-strain curve.

Fig. 9 is that the present invention chooses and injects body photo analogy in kind figure.

A figure among this figure be the present invention choose inject body photo in kind; Choose and inject body spectacular part photo on own Popular Science Education webpage and B figure is American National aviation and space travel office; Figure A and the white line of figure between the B are the wire of injecting in body sample group concrete sample of body to showing on should the Popular Science Education webpage of injecting of the present invention.

Figure 10 is the selected body front end spur part representative photo of amplifying in kind of injecting of the present invention.

The correspondingly-sized that provides from this amplification representative photo and microscopically as seen, this spur part or the mean diameter that abbreviates the nail nose part as are 600 μ m, area is 0.283mm ²

Figure 11 is the photo representative in kind that the needed emission bullet of body is injected in the selected emission of the present invention.

This material object photo center shadow partly plays the static spray orifice of propelling charge for emission, from the scale of this material object photo and corresponding Steel Ruler as seen, the static spray orifice size of this propelling charge is about 3mm; In addition, black-and-white photograph has been covered the red-label of " center shadow part ".Obviously, the emission bullet that has red-label is big power emission bullet, and for the emission bullet of 5 grades of this standards, after its propelling charge that contains dynamite component was initiated, airflow must be expanded to 6.03mm with the static spray orifice that is about 3mm---emission plays the GB diameter.

Figure 12 is that the present invention adopts " target that cast alloy rod-steel pipe-the toothed oak wooden boards-the real steel plate in top is formed ", is the nailing of YD52S8 with the emission bullet of 5 grades of standards to this target emission specification, and what obtained injects the photo representative in kind that body is injected this alloy trajectory bias research.

Figure 13 is that the present invention adopts " target that the cast alloy rod-the toothed oak wooden boards-the real steel plate in top is formed ", is the nailing of YD52S8 with the emission bullet of 5 grades of standards to this target emission specification, and what obtained injects the photo representative in kind that body is injected this alloy trajectory bias research.

Embodiment:

Embodiment 1:

Adding purity is 99.5% MAGNESIUM METAL 68g, i.e. W in Steel Crucible _Mg=68g.Then pour into and the liquid KCl of the analytical pure of the weight such as magnesium that added to the MAG block surface.Induction heating thawing magnesium and holding temperature are at 790 ℃ ± 3 ℃, and this temperature is the original position synthesis temperature also, is expressed as T _I-S=790 ℃ ± 3 ℃.Add the 20g expanded perlite granule again, i.e. W _VReduction reaction takes place with liquid Mg and all till the disappearance until perlite particle in=20g, and be that 99.8% iron stirring arm stirs with purity.This perlite constitutes with the composition of steady oxide metering: SiO ₂Be 72.5wt%, Al ₂O ₃Be 13.5wt%, K ₂O is 4.25wt%, Na ₂O is that 3.75wt%, CaO are 0.1wt%, Fe ₂O ₃For 0.9wt%, MgO are that 0.075wt%, H or O etc. do not show that the thing analysis is 4.925wt%, the composition summation of various composition analysis things constitutes 100%.

Add purity then and be 99.8% metallic aluminium 415g, this aluminium is the quantity as the needed whole aluminium of aluminum substrate, i.e. W _Al=415g; Aluminium melts the back and continues to use the iron stirring arm to stir 2min, and the main purpose of this stirring is to make the Al of adding and the Mg-Mg that the previous step original position synthesizes ₂The Si presoma mixes, and reaches the churning time T of this purpose _S-IS-Al=2min represents.The 80wt%Nd-20wt%Fe master alloy that adds 8g again, i.e. W _Nd-Fe=5g continues to use the iron stirring arm to stir 1min, and stirring operation time representation is T _S-Nd-Fe=1min, purpose is uniformly dispersed for making it.Elevated temperature and maintain 850 ℃, i.e. T again _M-S-C=850 ℃, pour into the liquid KCl with the weight such as magnesium that added once more, make original protection fused salt obtain dilution, continue to use the iron stirring rake to stir 0.5min, i.e. T _S-M-S-C=0.5min; In crucible, withdraw from the iron stirring rake, simultaneously a thin iron pipe inserted the crucible lower curtate, and blown into argon gas 0.2min scum by this iron pipe?, i.e. T _Ar=0.2min, the Argon amount is 80 bubble/min, i.e. V _Ar-B=80.After this, stop to heat nature cooling, insert thermocouple measuring temperature, condensing slowly appears in the protection fused salt in the crucible, when temperature is reduced to 690 ℃, i.e. and T _D-C=690 ℃, in the alloy liquid of the about 3cm in crucible bottom, inhale casting with inhaling the cast tube insertion, the alloy that is sucked out is cooled to room temperature and obtains the superelevation magnalium.

Constituent content in this alloy of chemical analysis, Mg:13.2wt%, Fe:1.24wt%, Nd:0.46wt%, Si:1.24wt%, Ca and Mn total amount: 0.3wt%, surplus are Al.The hardness of measuring this cast alloy with Vickers hardness tester is 125.3HV; Measure this cast alloy with omnipotent mechanical test machine, its compressive strength maximum value is 482MPa.Measure with analogue method and to inject body to inject this cast alloy trajectory bias per-cent be 90%.

The mimic method is measured and to be injected body and inject the method for this alloy trajectory bias per-cent and be: cast alloy pole material is mounted in the thick weldless steel tube of 3～6mm after polishing; The alloy pole that is mounted to the alloy pole of outer steel pipe in the circular hole that thickness is 65mm toothed oak wooden boards again or directly will overlap steel pipe is mounted in the circular hole of toothed oak wooden boards; The one side of this toothed oak wooden boards is that 50mm pushes up real steel plate and is adjacent to thickness closely, and another side is used to inject penetrating of thing, finishes by cast alloy rod-steel pipe at this moment--the making of toothed oak wooden boards-target that the real steel plate in top is formed.

Inject body and choose the standard nailing that forms for the base material manufacturing by the C-1060 carbon steel, this nailing specification is that YD52S8, bar length are 2 inches (52mm), it is 1116.2 MPa that minimum of intensity is drawn in shearing, the tensile strength minimum value is 1860.3 MPa, the mean diameter of injecting body front end spur is 600 μ m, and average area is 0.283mm ²Promote this and inject body and function high-power standard nail shooting pill, the model of this nail shooting pill is that S4 type, colour code are 5 grades for red, power grade.Launch this and inject body and function standard ail shooter, this ail shooter is the heavy ail shooter of big power, and its model is the SDQ603 type.

This ail shooter through binding, shoot, open step such as insurance after, loophole only is pressed on the palladium alloy face; After proofreading the certain vertical target alloy of transmitting tube face repeatedly, hug the trigger action emission.Such as committed step such as vertical target alloy face whether such as transmitting tube, launch with digital camera from all angles phototypesetting so that subsequent analysis at every turn.Each sample that nailing is injected palladium alloy cracks and shows that trajectory crafty plot overall picture carries out system's trajectory analysis, and the molecular moiety that wherein calculates " trajectory bias per-cent " fraction is that track began significantly to depart from the sample size of injecting vertical line or bending after nailing vertically entered palladium alloy 5mm; And the denominator of this fraction partly is to total number of samples that should sample sets, that is, make and inject the body deflection and do not make the sample size total value of injecting the body deflection.

The data of above-mentioned preparation condition, synthetic, test and statistics are concluded table 1-6 in the lump.

Embodiment 2:

All the other are with embodiment 1.Different is: 1. raw material drops into quantity control condition, as table 1 corresponding data; 2. temperature control condition is as table 2 corresponding data; 3. churning time control condition is as table 3 corresponding data; 4. be blown into the control of argon gas condition, as table 4 corresponding data; 5. alloy composition analytical results is as table 5 corresponding data; 6. hardness, compressive strength and inject the measurement result of trajectory bias per-cent are as table 6 corresponding data.

Embodiment 3:

All the other are with embodiment 1.Different is: 1. raw material drops into quantity control condition, as table 1 corresponding data; 2. temperature control condition is as table 2 corresponding data; 3. churning time control condition is as table 3 corresponding data; 4. be blown into the control of argon gas condition, as table 4 corresponding data; 5. alloy composition analytical results is as table 5 corresponding data; 6. hardness, compressive strength and inject the measurement result of trajectory bias per-cent are as table 6 corresponding data.

Embodiment 4:

All the other are with embodiment 1.Different is: 1. raw material drops into quantity control condition, as table 1 corresponding data; 2. temperature control condition is as table 2 corresponding data; 3. churning time control condition is as table 3 corresponding data; 4. be blown into the control of argon gas condition, as table 4 corresponding data; 5. alloy composition analytical results is as table 5 corresponding data; 6. hardness, compressive strength and inject the measurement result of trajectory bias per-cent are as table 6 corresponding data.

Table 1 raw material drops into quantity control condition (unit: g)

Embodiment

MAGNESIUM METAL

Perlite

Metallic aluminium

The Nd-Fe master alloy

	W Mg	W V	W Al	W Nd-Fe
					Embodiment 1	68	20	415	8
Embodiment 2	75	18	418	7
					Embodiment 3	78	18	421	5
Embodiment 4	72	16	425	10

Table 2 temperature control condition (unit: ℃)

Embodiment	Original position synthesis temperature T I-S	Temperature control such as molten slag, scum T M-S-C	Inhale the casting temperature T D-C
				Embodiment 1	790℃±3	850	690
Embodiment 2	800±3	844	701
				Embodiment 3	810±3	838	708
Embodiment 4	820±3	830	720

Table 3 churning time control condition (unit: min)

Embodiment	Stir for the 1st time	Stir for the 2nd time	Stir for the 3rd time	The 4th stirs
					Embodiment 1	Till perlite disappears	T S-IS-Al＝2	T S-Nd-Fe＝1	T S-M-S-C＝0.5
Embodiment 2	Till perlite disappears	T S-IS-Al＝1.5	T S-Nd-Fe＝1	T S-M-S-C＝0.5
					Embodiment 3	Till perlite disappears	T S-IS-Al＝1	T S-Nd-Fe＝0.5	T S-M-S-C＝1
Embodiment 4	Till perlite disappears	T S-IS-Al＝0.5	T S-Nd-Fe＝0.5	T S-M-S-C＝1

Table 4 is blown into argon gas condition control (min and ' individual bubble/min ')

Embodiment	Argon blowing time (min)	The Argon amount (individual bubble/min)
			Embodiment 1	T Ar＝0.2	V Ar-B＝80
Embodiment 2	T Ar＝0.2	V Ar-B＝78
			Embodiment 3	T Ar＝0.9	V Ar-B＝53
Embodiment 4	T Ar＝1	V Ar-B＝50

Table 5 alloy composition analytical results (wt%)

Embodiment	Mg	Si	Fe	Nd	Impurity such as Ca and Mn summation	Al
							Embodiment
1	13.2	1.24	2.26	0.46	0.3	Surplus
							Embodiment 2	13.1	1.09	1.54	0.39	0.18
Embodiment 3	13.4	1.12	1.42	0.31	0.22	Surplus
							Embodiment 4	12.7	1.05	2.44	0.52	0.1

Table 6 hardness-compressive strength-inject measurement result of trajectory bias per-cent

Embodiment	Average vickers hardness hv	Compressive strength maximum value MPa	Inject trajectory bias per-cent %
				Embodiment
1	125.3	482	90
				Embodiment 2	118.6	352	100
Embodiment 3	121.3	505	90
				Embodiment 4	119.4	420	80

。

Claims (1)

1, a kind of superelevation magnalium inject the body deflection and preparation method thereof that makes, it is characterized in that: adding purity in iron crucible is MAGNESIUM METAL 68～78g of 99.5wt%, then pours into and the liquid KCl of the analytical pure of the weight such as magnesium that added to magnesium surface; Induction heating melts magnesium and holding temperature 790 ℃～820 ℃ scope; Then add 16～20g expanded perlite granule and be that the iron stirring arm of 99.8wt% stirs until perlite particle because of reacting till all disappearances with liquid Mg with purity, this perlite constitutes with the composition that steady oxide measures: SiO ₂Be 72.5wt%, Al ₂O ₃Be 13.5wt%, K ₂O is 4.25wt%, Na ₂O is that 3.75wt%, CaO are 0.1wt%, Fe ₂O ₃For 0.9wt%, MgO are that 0.075wt%, H or O etc. do not show that the thing analysis is 4.925wt%, the composition summation of various composition analysis things constitutes 100%; Then adding purity is metallic aluminium 415～425g of 99.8wt%, and aluminium melts the back and continues to use the iron stirring arm to stir 0.5～2min; Then add the Nd-Fe master alloy of 5～10g, this master alloy constitutes 80wt%Nd-20wt%Fe, continues to use the iron stirring arm to stir 0.5～1min; And make temperature maintenance 830 ℃～850 ℃ scope, and add once more and adds KCl with institute original protection fused salt is replenished, continue use iron stirring arm stirring 0.5～1min; Withdraw from the iron stirring arm and simultaneously a thin iron pipe is inserted the crucible lower curtate, and be blown into argon gas 0.2～1min by this iron pipe and give vent to anger, the Argon amount is 50～80 bubble/min; Stop heating alloy liquid is lowered the temperature naturally, insert thermocouple temperature measurement, after condensing appears in the protection fused salt in the crucible; and be reduced to 690 ℃～720 ℃ scopes; suction pipe is inserted crucible (about 3cm distance apart from the bottom) inhale cast alloy, be sucked out alloy and be cooled to room temperature, obtain the superelevation magnalium.The Mg content range is that 12.7～13.4wt%, Fe content range are that 1.42～2.44wt%, Nd content range are that 0.31～0.52wt%, Si content range are that the content range of 1.05～1.24wt%, Ca and Mn impurity summation is that 0.1～0.3wt%, surplus are Al in this alloy of chemical analysis.The hardness of cast form scope of measuring this alloy with Vickers hardness tester is 118.6～125.3HV; The as cast condition compressive strength maximum range of measuring this alloy with test machine for mechanism is 352～505MPa; Measure with analogue method and to inject body to inject the minimum value of this cast alloy trajectory bias per-cent be 80%.

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