CN101404604A - 485 bus type monitoring system and its high extendibility method - Google Patents
485 bus type monitoring system and its high extendibility method Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 485 bus monitoring system and a high expansibility method thereof, comprising a main device node and a slave device node. Without the additional artificial configuration, the main device node monitors an adding system and a withdrawing system of the salve device node. The quantity of the device nodes is increased or reduced flexibly or the hot-swap is implemented. Conflicts of device addresses and recognizing problems of the main device node are not needed to be considered. Therefore, the high expansibility and the adaptability of the controlled nodes in the 485 bus monitoring system are realized. The method solves the inconveniences of the node configuration in the 485 bus monitoring system and the weakness that the expansibility of the system is not strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flexible configuration method of 485 bus type supervisory control systems, realize the enhanced scalability of system by the hot-swappable technology of support node.
Background technology
In the industrial monitoring field of multinode, 485 bus systems are low cost solution relatively more commonly used.Though compared with the CAN bus support the competitive data transmission data link layer protocol, 485 buses only rest on the standard of physical layer, seem simple and crude and can't bear, the advantage of its low cost, simplicity of design still has widely it and uses.
The weakness of 485 bus structures maximums just is the exclusivity of bus.485 only support one much more main from bus structures, a main equipment can only be arranged on the bus, a plurality of slave units are articulated on the bus.At synchronization, have only an equipment can take bus and send data, other equipment can only receive data, therefore, directly communication between the slave unit, and will be through main equipment as transfer; Simultaneously, the communication between slave unit and main equipment also must be initiated by main equipment.This has brought great inconvenience for the application of multinode supervisory control system: when adding new node in the system, communication must be initiated by main equipment, and main equipment can't know have new equipment to add, make new equipment enter normal work, must revise the driver at main equipment and new equipment two ends, reach identification new equipment; Be replaced or bus topolopy when changing when slave unit is damaged, need make amendment to the driver of transmitting-receiving two-end equally.This is equivalent to notify with manual type the variation of master system structure, and on-the-spot in monitoring, this is very loaded down with trivial details and unpractical.What people needed is a kind of convenient and flexible system extension mode, and 485 equipment are free to add or withdraw from system, and do not need the setting of load.
Existing technology uses two kinds of methods to address this problem.
First method is transformed 485 interface circuits, and design bus takies detection module, can detect the bus seizure condition, if bus is occupied, the back of then waiting for a period of time continues to detect, if the bus free time then sends data.This be actually make one much more main from the bus access mode of non-competing formula change into the competitive mode access mode of many main structures.Its problem is: the first, increased the design difficulty of circuit, and improved cost; Second, when interstitial content few, under the not frequent situation of communication, this mode has good effect, but many at interstitial content, under the big situation of communication density, just increased the number of times and the time of bus collision and wait, cause reducing the operating efficiency of system, and the reduction degree of this efficient is unpredictable.
Second method be keep one main many from non-competing formula access mode, when 485 slave units add system, it is discerned and system configuration by main equipment, realize plug and play.This method is more reasonable and desirable, but in present technology implementation method a prerequisite is arranged, and promptly main equipment must be known the fixed code of slave unit in advance, on this basis slave unit is discerned and is disposed.Just there is a bottleneck in this, and promptly when System Expansion or device damage, replacing new equipment, main equipment just can not be discerned automatically and dispose slave unit.Therefore be the application of the corresponding some known devices of a main frame, autgmentability is not strong.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of 485 bus type supervisory control systems and enhanced scalability method thereof,
Method of the present invention realizes that in the following manner equipment comprises main equipment node and slave unit node, carries out under the situation of extra human configuration not needing, and the main equipment node can and log off to the adding of slave unit node and supervise; The quantity of slave unit node also can increase or reduce flexibly, carries out hot-swappablely, needn't consider the conflict of device address and the main equipment node problem to its identification.But the high scalability and the adaptability of controlled node in the 485 bus type supervisory control systems have been realized.
Main equipment node and slave unit node all use the 485 interface chip MAX487 that are equivalent to 1/4 standard termination, and communication is carried out in employing fixedly baud rate, and the maximum node capacity of system is 128.
The main equipment node is equipped with visual control software and memory, can monitor the state of slave unit node, writes down and store its data parameters.485 bus transceiver modules of all nodes all are provided with protective circuit, utilize the reverse breakdown voltage of voltage stabilizing didoe that 485 interface chips are protected.The slave unit intra-node adopts E2PROM to preserve node address information, and this address Default Value is 0.After the main equipment node has distributed new address for it, initial address 0 is covered.The slave unit node has also designed a reset switch, is divided into two grades of Reset and Normal.When switch was in the Reset shelves, the node address factory reset when being in the Normal shelves, was normal operating state.This reset switch makes node can not be subjected to address limitation, the adding of freedom and flexibility or withdraw from bus.Also be provided with the digital display tube of LED from node, can show the state and the address information of this node, the ease for use of enhanced system.
The main equipment node is realized the automatic detection and the address assignment of slave unit node in the following way:
A) initial address of all slave unit nodes is 0;
B) the main equipment node address is fixed as 128, and it carries out poll to the slave unit node at interval with certain hour, and the address realm of poll is 0-127.
C) after new node adds bus, can receive inquiring after of autonomous device node, the slave unit node is responded.
D) the main equipment node has learnt that new equipment adds, and then redistributes new address for this equipment; The algorithm that produces new address is to get the address of the numerical value of the minimum that is not used among the 1-127 of address as new equipment.Simultaneously, this address is added the known device tabulation.
E) the slave unit node can not initiatively be initiated communication, but constantly it is carried out poll by the main equipment node, if the slave unit node is not responded, shows that then it is in closed condition or has withdrawn from bus.
Wherein, the known device tabulation is defined as: the current set that is articulated in the address of all known devices on 485 buses.When the slave unit node was closed, the monitoring software of main equipment node can point out this equipment to be in the down state of off-line; When the slave unit node is withdrawn from bus, when promptly physics disconnects, need be manually with this unit deletion in the software of main equipment node, the address of this equipment is also deleted from the known device address list.
Description of drawings
Figure 148 5 monitoring bus system configuration schematic diagrames;
Fig. 2 slave unit node structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 main equipment node procedure flow chart;
Fig. 4 slave unit node procedure flow chart.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the enhanced scalability method that proposes of the present invention is promptly based on this one main many bus access modes from, non-competing formula.
Host node generally is a computer, can be embedded device also, is built-in with the monitoring software of system support.If computer then needs supporting RS485 RS 232 interface module, be connected on the DB9 slot at the cabinet back side.The present embodiment adopts computer, and is comparatively simple, complicated exploitation that it goes without doing.Fixedly baud rate 9600bps is adopted in communication between system node, has promptly satisfied certain communication speed, has guaranteed data stability again.
From the structure of node referring to Fig. 2: kernel control chip adopts single chip computer AT 89S52, has the built-in FLASH memory, can deposit the driver from node side.External ceramic crystal Y1 and internal oscillator circuit produce the clock signal of single-chip microcomputer, and this signal also is the clock source that produces baud rate, and in order to produce accurate baud rate, crystal Y1 uses 9600 integral multiple 11.0592MHZ; U3 is the E2PROM of an I2C interface, is used to deposit the parameter information of this node device, the most important thing is the storage equipment address, and this address is initialized to 0 when equipment dispatches from the factory; U7 is 485 bus transceivers, adopts the MAX487 of 1/4 standard termination, and the Systems Theory capacity is 128 nodes.MAX487 carries out interface conversion with the RS232 formatted data and the RS485 standard of single-chip microcomputer.In the ordinary course of things,, close the transmission driver, promptly operate the P1.6 mouth of single-chip microcomputer: EN=0, and when the order of receiving host node from node, when needing to send acknowledgement information, change MAX487 is a transmit status, i.e. EN=1 from the state of node maintenance reception data; On bus, circuit has taked to support hot-swappable safeguard measure: 4 voltage stabilizing didoes provide overvoltage protection, two 2.4 Ω current-limiting resistances provide overcurrent protection for bus, these measures avoided when carrying out the charged plug of equipment moment overcurrent and high pressure docking port chip cause damage; S1 is a reset switch, is used for to carrying out model selection from node device from only two patterns of node device being: reset mode and normal mode; The charactron driver module is the circuit that single-chip microcomputer drives 3 charactrons among the figure, and indication range is 000 ~ 127, in order to increase system's ease for use.
With reference to Fig. 3, the workflow of host node is as can be known:
(1) read the known device tabulation from internal memory, how many nodes learn in the current system has be articulated on the bus.And, calculate the address realm of those equipment according to the address arrangement rule that known device is tabulated.The address realm of known device is that minimum is 1, maximum 127.
Whether (2) poll known node is learnt its operating state, online.
(3) survey unknown node, promptly initiate node, the unknown node address is an initial value 0.If find new node, then for this node distributes new address, the value of new address is a still untapped minimum value among the 1-127, and this address and nodal information are added the known device tabulation.
(4) check the operation whether deletion of node is arranged, this is operating as the order of user with mouse or keyboard input, the operation when being used for the permanent removal system of node.
With reference to Fig. 4, the workflow from node is as can be known:
(1) read the value of reset switch, self residing state is understood in economize on electricity.If reset switch is in the Reset shelves, illustrate that then self is not detected by host node as yet, initial address is 0.Single-chip microcomputer output this moment drives charactron and shows ' 000 '; If reset switch is in the Normal shelves, show that this node is a known node.
(2) from E2PROM, read node from address in the monitoring bus system.
(3) the main program mode of interrupting with serial ports is accepted the data from main frame.A flag bit recflag can be set, in serial ports interrupts, change the value of recflag: as if the effective order of receiving main frame through judgement, then recflag=1; Otherwise recflag clear 0.Program is checked the value of recflag in major cycle, work as recflag=1, when promptly receiving Host Command, judges command type, if during the address setting order, the new address of this node then is set, and stores among the E2PROM; If other operation is then carried out in other order.When node successfully is provided with new address, single-chip microcomputer output drives charactron and shows the current address.
(4) finish setting, enter normal operating conditions, reset switch is allocated to the Normal shelves from node.
Communications protocol adopts following form:
| 0x55 | 0xAA | The address | Command code | ＜parameter 〉 | ＜verification 〉 |
Wherein, 0x55 and 0xAA are synchronization character; The address is the address of data destination; Command code is an action type; Parameter can be order with parameter, also can be data, verification mode adopt verification and.
Embodiment
Command type that host node sends and respective code can be taked to be provided with in the table:
| Command type | Code | ＜parameter 〉 | Whether need from the node receipt | Verification |
| The modified address | 05H | Address value | Not | Verification and |
| Query State | 01H | Do not have | Be | Do not have |
| Other order | Keep | Keep | Keep | Verification and |
Claims (8)
1, a kind of 485 bus type supervisory control systems and enhanced scalability method thereof, comprise main equipment node and slave unit node, it is characterized in that, do not needing to carry out main equipment node under the situation of extra human configuration to the adding of slave unit node with log off and supervise; The quantity of slave unit node increases flexibly or reduces or carries out hot-swappablely, does not need to consider the conflict of device address and the main equipment node problem to its identification, thereby but realizes the high scalability and the adaptability of controlled node in the 485 bus type supervisory control systems.
2, method according to claim 1, adopt fixedly baud rate to carry out communication between main equipment node and the slave unit node, this setting is solidificated in the application program of equipment, main equipment node and slave unit node all use the 485 interface chip MAX487 that are equivalent to 1/4 standard termination, and the maximum node capacity of 485 bus systems is 128.
3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the main equipment node is equipped with visual control software and memory, can monitor the state of slave unit node, writes down and store its data parameters.
4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, 485 bus transceiver modules of all nodes utilize the reverse breakdown voltage of voltage stabilizing didoe that 485 interface chips are protected.
5, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the main equipment node is realized the automatic detection and the address assignment of slave unit node in the following way:
A) initial address of all slave unit nodes is 0;
B) the main equipment node address is fixed as 128, and it carries out poll to the slave unit node at interval with certain hour, and the address realm of poll is 0-127;
C) after new node adds 485 buses, can receive inquiring after of autonomous device node, the slave unit node is responded;
D) the main equipment node has learnt that new equipment adds, and then redistributes new address for this equipment; The algorithm that produces new address is to get the address of the numerical value of the minimum that is not used in the address 1 ~ 127 as new equipment.Simultaneously, this address is added the known device tabulation.
E) the slave unit node can not initiatively be initiated communication, but constantly it is carried out poll by the main equipment node, if the slave unit node is not responded, shows that then it is in closed condition or has withdrawn from bus.
6, method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the known device tabulation is defined as: the current set that is articulated in the address of all known devices on 485 buses, and when the slave unit node was closed, the monitoring software of main equipment node can point out this equipment to be in the down state of off-line; Being withdrawn from bus when the slave unit node is physics when disconnecting, need be manually with this unit deletion in the software of main equipment node, and the address of this equipment also will disappear from the known device address list.
7, method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the slave unit intra-node adopts E2PROM to preserve node address information, this address Default Value is 0, after the main equipment node has distributed new address for it, initial address 0 is covered, the slave unit node has also designed a reset switch, be divided into two grades of Reset and Normal, when switch is in the Reset shelves, the node address factory reset, when being in the Normal shelves, be normal operating state, this reset switch makes node not be subjected to address limitation, the adding of freedom and flexibility or withdraw from bus.
8, method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the slave unit node is provided with the digital display tube of LED, can show the state and the address information of this node, has strengthened the ease for use of system.
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Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101917607A (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2010-12-15 | 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 | Embedded system multi-channel video capture method |
| CN102684923A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-09-19 | 江苏华德电力科技有限公司 | Self-healing networking method for half-duplex asynchronous communication |
| CN102841554A (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-12-26 | 镇江华扬信息科技有限公司 | Intelligent remote control method for system |
| CN102866686A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2013-01-09 | 西安电子科技大学 | Non-contact 485 bus on-line monitoring device having direction detection |
| CN102147782B (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2013-08-21 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Communication circuit between master equipment and slave equipment and ID (Identity) address allocating method thereof |
| CN103888332A (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2014-06-25 | 深圳市瑞雷特电子技术有限公司 | Communication bus and communication nodes |
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| CN105141490A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-12-09 | 深圳市家信信息科技开发有限公司 | 485 bus-based electric vehicle control system and address distribution method |
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| CN107294827A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-10-24 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | The RS485 communication systems and method for avoiding master-slave equipment from conflicting |
| CN108316975A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-07-24 | 天地（常州）自动化股份有限公司 | A kind of coal mine safety monitoring system sensor address auto-allocation method |
| CN108965489A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-12-07 | 厦门拓宝科技有限公司 | A kind of module automatic management method based on 485 bus apparatus |
| CN109684262A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-04-26 | 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 | Support the RS485 circuit of hot plug |
| CN109981433A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-07-05 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | The RS485 active data transmission method of irregular bus arbitration mechanism |
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| CN102147782B (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2013-08-21 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Communication circuit between master equipment and slave equipment and ID (Identity) address allocating method thereof |
| CN101917607A (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2010-12-15 | 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 | Embedded system multi-channel video capture method |
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| CN106406181A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-02-15 | 山东开创电气有限公司 | CAN device automatic identification method and mine belt protection system |
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| CN107294827A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-10-24 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | The RS485 communication systems and method for avoiding master-slave equipment from conflicting |
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| CN108316975A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-07-24 | 天地（常州）自动化股份有限公司 | A kind of coal mine safety monitoring system sensor address auto-allocation method |
| CN108965489A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-12-07 | 厦门拓宝科技有限公司 | A kind of module automatic management method based on 485 bus apparatus |
| CN111294262A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2020-06-16 | 施耐德电气工业公司 | Method and slave device for a bus system |
| CN111294262B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2022-02-15 | 施耐德电气工业公司 | Method and slave device for a bus system |
| CN109684262A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-04-26 | 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 | Support the RS485 circuit of hot plug |
| CN109684262B (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2020-11-03 | 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 | RS485 circuit supporting hot plug |
| CN109981433A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-07-05 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | The RS485 active data transmission method of irregular bus arbitration mechanism |
| CN109981433B (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2021-09-07 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | RS485 active data transmission method of aperiodic bus arbitration mechanism |
| CN110048923A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-23 | 博能传动(苏州)有限公司 | A kind of high speed serialization asynchronous communication solution of the more baud rate self-adaptings of multimode |
| CN110134036A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-08-16 | 深圳市龙控智能技术有限公司 | A kind of method, monitoring system and the storage medium of serial port data acquisition poll |
| CN110769078A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-02-07 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Address allocation method and system |
| CN110769078B (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2023-04-28 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Address allocation method and system |
| CN111045980A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-21 | 广东嘉泰智能技术有限公司 | Multi-core processor |
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