CN101404377B - Optical fiber laser - Google Patents
Optical fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN101404377B CN101404377B CN2008100720774A CN200810072077A CN101404377B CN 101404377 B CN101404377 B CN 101404377B CN 2008100720774 A CN2008100720774 A CN 2008100720774A CN 200810072077 A CN200810072077 A CN 200810072077A CN 101404377 B CN101404377 B CN 101404377B
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- fiber
- gain medium
- optical fiber
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of laser, in particular to an optical fiber laser. Multiple cladded-fiber of a ring-shaped laser gain layer of the optical fiber laser can enlarge the absorption area of pump light coming from the side of the optical fiber, and the interior and the exterior of a thin ring of ring-shaped gain medium can be made from common optical material or fluorescent materialwhich can produce fluorescence and be absorbed by the gain medium; at the same time, the center of the invention relates to laser gain medium which has a doubly clad layer with optical fiber made of fluorescent material; the optical fiber of the invention can take semiconductor laser array as pumping source, and can be applied for the optical fiber laser with an optical pumping source having lower pumping power density or continuous spectrum pumping, especially for the laser taking sunshine as the pumping source. Two optical fibers in the invention can be used separately and in a mixed way. Therefore, the invention is a novel structure of the optical fiber laser, and can meet the requirements of generating laser output when the optical pumping source with lower pumping power density or the continuous spectrum pumping is taken as the pumping source, especially the sunshine is taken as the pumping source.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser field, relate in particular to fiber laser.
Background technology
Fiber laser is meant with the laser of doped rare earth element glass optical fiber as gain media, fiber laser can develop on the basis of fiber amplifier: very easily form high power density under the effect at pump light in the optical fiber, cause the laser levels " population inversion " of working-laser material, when suitable adding positive feedback loop (formation resonant cavity) just can form laser generation output.
The fiber laser range of application is very extensive, comprises laser fiber communication, the long distance communication of laser space, industrial shipbuilding, automobile making, laser engraving laser marking laser cutting, printing system roller, metal and nonmetal boring/cutting/welding (brazing, hardening, covering and degree of depth welding), military and national defense safety, medicine equipment instrument and equipment, large foundation construction or the like.
Fiber laser has numerous advantages, and the pump light coupling is one of them important techniques basis.How to make pumping source from end pumping or profile pump at present with semiconductor laser.When non-laser light source was made pumping source, because the most fibre cores that adopt of optical fiber structure contain gain medium at present, and core diameter was very little, and the light source of non-waveguide-coupled is difficult to realize its vibration.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, the present invention proposes a kind of optical fiber laser structure, when satisfying lower optical pumping source of pump power density or continuous spectrum pumping, can produce the novel optical fiber laser of laser output when particularly making pumping source with sunlight.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Fiber laser of the present invention comprises pump light source and optical fiber.Described optical fiber is the cladded fiber that comprises fluorescent material layer and gain medium layer at least.
Further, the described optical fiber of described pump light source profile pump.The described optical fiber of perhaps described pump light source end pumping, its fiber outer layer has put the high reflectance overcoat.
Further, described pump light source can be the continuous spectrum light source (mainly being the sun) or the conventional laser pumping source of low power density.Specifically comprise: the sunlight pumping source of convergence, flash lamp pumping source, photoconductive tube pumping source, continuous lamp pumping source, semiconductor array laser pumping source, array light-emitting diode pumping source etc.
First kind, described cladded fiber is the multi-clad of annular laser gain media layer; It comprises the core layer of tactic fluorescent material from the inside to the outside, the gain medium layer of ring-type, the surrounding layer of ring-type at least.
Further, the multi-clad of described annular laser gain media layer also comprises the isolation inner cladding of ring-type, and described isolation inner cladding is between gain medium layer and the surrounding layer.
Further, the multi-clad of described annular laser gain media layer comprises that also the resilient coating of ring-type, described resilient coating are between the core layer and gain medium layer of fluorescent material.
Further, the multi-clad of described annular laser gain media layer also comprises the layer of second fluorescent material of ring-type, and the layer of described second fluorescent material is close proximity to outside the gain medium layer.
Further, the multi-clad of described annular laser gain media layer also comprises the layer of second fluorescent material of ring-type, and the layer of described second fluorescent material is close proximity to outside the gain medium layer.
Further, the multi-clad of described annular laser gain media layer also comprises second separator of ring-type, and described second separator is between the gain medium layer of the core layer of fluorescent material and ring-type.
Alternative, described cladded fiber is the doubly clad optical fiber of core shape gain medium layer; It comprises core layer, the fluorescent material layer of ring-type and the surrounding layer of ring-type of tactic gain medium from the inside to the outside at least.
Further, the doubly clad optical fiber of described core shape gain medium layer also comprises the separator of ring-type, and described separator is between the core layer and fluorescent material layer of gain medium.
Further, the multi-clad of described first kind of annular laser gain media layer is formed fiber optic coils.
Further, the multi-clad of described second kind of described annular laser gain media layer is formed fiber optic coils.
Perhaps, the described second kind of fiber optic coils of described first kind of fiber optic coils of multilayer and multilayer formed the hybrid fiber coil.
Further, the hybrid fiber coil that described first kind of fiber optic coils or second kind of fiber optic coils or first kind of fiber optic coils and second kind of fiber optic coils are formed has placed the high reflectance reflection cavity.
Further, place fluorescent material in the described reflection cavity, utilize pump light once again.
Further, described gain medium mixes Nd
3+, Cr
3+, Er
3+, Yb
3+Plasma.Described fluorescent material mixes Cr
3+, Ti
3+, Yb
3+, Er
3+Plasma.
Therefore, the present invention is a kind of novel optical fiber laser structure, in the time of satisfying lower optical pumping source of pump power density or continuous spectrum pumping, can produce laser output when particularly making pumping source with sunlight.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is the principle schematic of the multi-clad of annular laser gain media layer of the present invention;
Fig. 1 b is the end face structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1 a;
Fig. 1 c is the schematic diagram that adopts the multi-clad fiber optic coils of multilayer annular laser gain media layer;
Fig. 1 d is that the present invention adopts the profile pump schematic diagram;
Fig. 1 e is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 1 f is the end face structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1 e;
Fig. 1 g is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention two;
Fig. 1 h is the end face structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1 g;
Fig. 1 i is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention three;
Fig. 1 j is the end face structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1 i;
Fig. 1 k is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention four;
Fig. 1 l is the end face structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1 k;
Fig. 1 m is a different fiber end view of the present invention;
Fig. 1 n is a plurality of circular cross-section gain medium of a present invention layer schematic diagram;
Fig. 1 o is the another kind of a plurality of circular cross-section gain medium layer schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 a is doubly clad optical fiber embodiment one schematic diagram of core shape gain medium layer of the present invention;
Fig. 2 b is the end face structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2 a;
Fig. 2 c is doubly clad optical fiber embodiment two schematic diagrames of core shape gain medium layer of the present invention;
Fig. 2 d is the end face structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2 c;
Fig. 3 is a hybrid fiber coil sides face pumping schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 a is the schematic diagram of the present invention with the sunlight pumping of assembling;
Fig. 4 b is that the fiber optic coils of Fig. 4 a is positioned over the schematic diagram in the high reflectance reflection cavity;
Fig. 4 c is the schematic diagram of the present invention with the pumping of light conduit;
Fig. 4 d is the schematic diagram of the present invention with flash lamp pumping;
Fig. 4 e is the schematic diagram of the present invention with LED or LD array pumping;
Fig. 4 f is that the present invention adopts the end pumping schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described for existing accompanying drawings and embodiment.
The present invention has invented the fiber laser of the special fiber formation of two kinds of basic structures for the lower light source of unit are power.Its core concept is how effectively to utilize the effective laser generation of fiber laser cross section little, intracavity power density height, and characteristics such as threshold value is low realize laser generation under the condition of low power density pump light pumping.
Thin at normal light fibre laser fibre core, the necessary shortcoming that adopts end pumping or side finite point side pump, the present invention adopts two kinds of mentalities of designing.
1. adopt ring-type thin layer gain medium optical fiber, be characterized in:
A) ring-type can make the gain media layer near fibre diameter, and profile pump can carry out pumping to any direction arbitrfary point like this, and can guarantee substantially that the pumping cross section approaches the gain media absorption cross-section.
B) whole fibre diameter is still very little than big but effective gain medium cross section like this even circulus can adopt laminate structure, thereby has kept the optical-fiber laser effective cross-section little, the characteristics that intracavity power density is high.
2. adopt double-deck laser structure, in optical fiber, introduce fluorescent material, the free direction pump light in side is absorbed by fluorescent material and send the fluorescence that absorbs into gain medium, these fluorescence have at least half light intensity to come back reflective and absorbed by gain medium in optical fiber by total internal reflection, this structure can be used for the thin layer optical fiber that goes in ring, and also the center of can be applicable to is the optical fiber of monomode fiber structure.
3. adopt the thin layer optical fiber that goes in ring to mix and constitute the optical fibre multi-layer loop construction: can be absorbed wave band in the direct absorptive pumping light of thin layer optical fiber that 1. goes in ring with the double clad single-mode fiber that has fluorescence coating, and fluorescent material absorbs the wave band that can not directly be absorbed by gain medium, thus the 2. part fluorescence of the monomode fiber absorptive pumping light of double clad band fluorescent material and the generation laser output that produces high light beam quality of the fluorescence that the thin layer optical fiber that goes in ring simultaneously absorbs experiences total internal reflection in the optical fiber.This mixed structure is adapted to the utilization of the continuous pumping source pump light in broadband especially.
4. when fluorescent material has absorption to optical maser wavelength, can between fluorescent material and gain medium layer, increase one deck separator.
5. can adopt in case of necessity fiber optic coils is positioned in the diffuse-reflective cavity, will help pump light to be absorbed by optical fiber by exocoel.
The multi-clad of representing annular laser gain media layer of the present invention as Fig. 1 a, the gain medium layer of 101 expression ring-types, 102 is optical fiber jacket, 103 for the optical fiber inner core is the core layer of fluorescent material, and wherein gain medium layer 101 refractive index of the ring-type refractive index that is higher than the core layer 103 of surrounding layer 102 and fluorescent material forms waveguide cavity to guarantee the gain medium ring.Be more clearly expression, Fig. 1 b is its end face structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 1 c represents that annular gain medium optical fiber adopts the multilayer fibers coil, can be overlapping around the effective absorption that strengthens profile pump light by multilayer, in shown in Fig. 1 d, optical fiber of the present invention adopts profile pump, and S1 and S2 are that fiber laser end forms resonant cavity.
But Fig. 1 e is illustrated in the gain medium ring core layer 1031 that increases absorptive pumping light and produce the fluorescent material that can be absorbed by gain medium, increased isolation inner cladding 1041 simultaneously, wherein gain medium layer 101 refractive index are the highest, inner cladding 1041 refractive indexes are higher than surrounding layer 102, produce fluorescence from the core layer 1031 of fluorescent material, the part fluorescence that wherein satisfies total internal reflection can total internal reflection in inner cladding 1041, thereby is absorbed by gain medium 101.For being mixed with Nd3+ or Yb3+ ion laser gain layer, 1031 can be and are mixed with Cr3+ or Ti3+ from fluorescent material layer as gain medium layer 101, and Nd:3+ absorbs near the spectrum 808nm, and Cr
3+Can absorb the most of band of light of visible light, produce the fluorescence of 808nm annex.Be more clearly expression, Fig. 1 f is its end face structure schematic diagram.
The embodiment two of Fig. 1 g increases a resilient coating 105 between the core layer 1031 of the fluorescent material of the embodiment one of Fig. 1 e and gain medium layer 101, absorb laser oscillation wavelength with fluorescent material among the embodiment one that prevents Fig. 1 e by contact-making surface.Core layer 1031 as fluorescent material is mixed with Cr
3+In a spot of Cr
4+May absorb 1.064 mum wavelength light, add not absorb and to reduce the oscillation light loss with 1.064 μ m resilient coatings.Be more clearly expression, Fig. 1 h is its end face structure schematic diagram.
The embodiment three of Fig. 1 i is that the skin at annular laser gain media layer 101 increases the covering 1032 that one deck can produce second fluorescent material of fluorescence again.Be more clearly expression, Fig. 1 j is its end face structure schematic diagram.
The embodiment four fundamental rules of Fig. 1 k are all to increase separator in annular laser gain layer 101 and inside and outside fluorescence coating (core layer 1031 of fluorescent material and the covering 1032 of second fluorescent material), are to isolate the inner cladding 1041 and second separator 1042.Be more clearly expression, Figure 11 is its end face structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 1 m represents that ring-type gain media layer can be a different shape, as polygonal, and D shape, starlike, required forms such as n shape.
Fig. 1 n represents pump light to be absorbed to increase by a plurality of circular cross-section gain medium layers.Fig. 1 o then is the another kind of schematic diagram that with increase pump light is absorbed by a plurality of circular cross-section gain medium layers.
As the similar common double cladded fiber that Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b represent, just double clad constitutes with the fluorescent material that produces fluorescence, and its fluorescence can be gain medium and absorbs.
Among Fig. 2 a, 201 is the core layer of gain medium, and it can single mode also can be the multimode fibre core, and 202 is fluorescent material layer, and 203 is surrounding layer.
Fig. 2 b is the same with Fig. 1 series, increases a separator 204 and prevent the absorption of fluorescence coating to laser gain layer oscillation wavelength in the middle of gain medium and fluorescence coating.
The advantage of the doubly clad optical fiber of the core shape gain medium layer of Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b is to produce the required circular single-mode laser output of industry.
Fig. 3 represents that the multi-clad of the annular laser gain media layer of Fig. 1 of the present invention mixes the fiber optic coils that uses the certain area absorber of formation with the doubly clad optical fiber of the core shape gain medium layer of Fig. 2.The part spectrum that can be absorbed by fluorescent material in the doubly clad optical fiber absorptive pumping light of the core shape gain medium layer of Fig. 2, and the serial direct spectra part that absorbs of doubly clad optical fiber series of fibers gain media that absorbs the core shape gain medium layer that seldom is Fig. 2 of the multi-clad of the annular laser gain media layer of Fig. 1, thereby inner fluorescent material can absorb the absorption of other band of light raisings to the continuous spectrum pump light simultaneously.
The pump mode of Fig. 4 series expression fiber laser of the present invention.
Fig. 4 a represent to adopt optical convergence system with the pump light pump-coupling on fiber laser coil of the present invention.
Fig. 4 b represents fiber laser coil of the present invention is placed in the high reflectance diffuse reflection body cavity, and pump light enters in the diffuse-reflective cavity by convergence yoke, because the high reflectance of reflector, pump light can repeatedly be reflected, and is absorbed by gain medium until major part.
Adopt photoconductive tube that pump light is introduced in the fiber laser diffuse-reflective cavity that contains the thin circle of optical fiber among Fig. 4 c.
Fig. 4 d represents fiber laser of the present invention is placed diffuse-reflective cavity, will produce pump light source such as photoflash lamp or other lamp ﹠ lantern light sources, places reflection cavity simultaneously.
Fig. 4 e and Fig. 4 d similar, just light source is changed to LED or LD array.
Expression adopts a branch of two kinds of optical fiber of the present invention by conventional end-pumped method pumping among Fig. 4 f, and its fiber bundle can be enclosed among the high reflectance overcoat.
The present invention invents two kinds of special optical fibers, is primarily aimed at non-laser pumping source, and promptly pump light source does not have the very profile pump of highly directive; Particularly as the not high light source of this continuous spectrum while unit are pump power of sunlight; Contain the fluorescent material special optical fiber with Fig. 2 series and two kinds of fiber mix become the coil mode to improve pumping efficiency by the big receptor area loop laser gain media circle that adopts Fig. 1 series.
Gain medium of the present invention can adopt and be mixed with Nd
3+, Cr
3+, Er
3+, Yb
3+Isoionic laser material, fluorescent material can adopt Cr
3+, Ti
3+, Yb
3+, Er
3+Deng at the fluorescigenic ion doping of infrared band.
Because the present invention utilizes all threshold values of common optical fiber laser low, the high peculiar advantage of intracavity power density, invented loop laser gain circle simultaneously, fluorescent material constitutes inner cladding optical fiber, optical fiber is formed technology such as fiber optic coils, this will improve transformation efficiency and produce major transformation to the laser of special pump light source especially sunlight pumping, thereby might obtain to use comparatively widely.
Although specifically show and introduced the present invention in conjunction with preferred embodiment; but the those skilled in the art should be understood that; in the spirit and scope of the present invention that do not break away from appended claims and limited; can make various variations to the present invention in the form and details, be protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. fiber laser, comprise pump light source and optical fiber, described optical fiber is the cladded fiber that comprises fluorescent material layer and gain medium layer at least, described pump light source profile pump or the described optical fiber of end pumping, described pump light source can be the sunlight pumping source of assembling, the flash lamp pumping source, the photoconductive tube pumping source, continuous lamp pumping source, the semiconductor array laser pumping source, the array light-emitting diode pumping source, it is characterized in that: described cladded fiber is the multi-clad of annular laser gain media layer, it comprises the core layer of tactic fluorescent material (1031) from the inside to the outside at least, the gain medium layer (101) of ring-type, the surrounding layer of ring-type (102), the multi-clad of described annular laser gain media layer also comprises the isolation inner cladding (1041) of ring-type, described isolation inner cladding (1041) is between gain medium layer (101) and the surrounding layer (102), the multi-clad of described annular laser gain media layer also comprises the resilient coating (105) of ring-type, and described resilient coating (105) is between the core layer (1031) and gain medium layer (101) of fluorescent material.
2. fiber laser as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the multi-clad of described annular laser gain media layer also comprises the layer (1032) of second fluorescent material of ring-type, and the layer of described second fluorescent material (1032) is close proximity to outside the gain medium layer (101).
3. fiber laser as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the multi-clad of described annular laser gain media layer also comprises second separator (1042) of ring-type, and described second separator (1042) is between the gain medium layer (101) of the core layer (1031) of fluorescent material and ring-type.
4. fiber laser as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the multi-clad of described annular laser gain media layer is formed fiber optic coils.
5. fiber laser as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: aforesaid fiber optic coils of plural layer and plural layer are formed the hybrid fiber coil by the fiber optic coils of the doubly clad optical fiber of core shape gain medium layer, the doubly clad optical fiber of described core shape gain medium layer comprises the core layer of tactic gain medium (201) from the inside to the outside at least, the surrounding layer (203) of fluorescent material layer of ring-type (202) and ring-type, the doubly clad optical fiber of described core shape gain medium layer also comprises the separator (204) of ring-type, and described separator (204) is between the core layer (201) and fluorescent material layer (202) of gain medium.
6. fiber laser as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described fiber optic coils has placed the high reflectance reflection cavity.
7. fiber laser as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: place fluorescent material in the described reflection cavity.
8. fiber laser as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described hybrid fiber coil has placed the high reflectance reflection cavity.
9. fiber laser as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: place fluorescent material in the described reflection cavity.
10. fiber laser as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described gain medium mixes Nd
3+, Cr
3+, Er
3+, Yb
3+Ion.
11. as claim 1 or 7 or 9 described fiber lasers, it is characterized in that: described fluorescent material mixes Cr
3+, Ti
3+, Yb
3+, Er
3+Ion.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100720774A CN101404377B (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2008-10-31 | Optical fiber laser |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100720774A CN101404377B (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2008-10-31 | Optical fiber laser |
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| CN101404377A CN101404377A (en) | 2009-04-08 |
| CN101404377B true CN101404377B (en) | 2011-06-01 |
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| CN2008100720774A Active CN101404377B (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2008-10-31 | Optical fiber laser |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102082390A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-06-01 | 长春理工大学 | Sunlight fiber beam pumping solid laser |
| CN102946042A (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-02-27 | 北京理工大学 | Ray-gathered light gathering cavity for sunlight pump laser |
| CN103633539B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-12-30 | 清华大学 | Embedded gas discharge pumped mixes rare earth ion gain fibre |
| CN105932529B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2019-01-22 | 苏州领创激光科技有限公司 | Laser with adaptive adjustment laser power |
| CN106602393A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-04-26 | 浙江师范大学 | Method for realizing laser output of erbium-doped optical fiber laser based on solar pumping |
| CN108956530B (en) * | 2018-04-15 | 2021-05-11 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Refractive index sensor based on Bragg fiber end face gold hole array structure |
| CN109888606A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-14 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A kind of slab laser module based on diffuse-reflective cavity pumping |
| CN110212397B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-09-08 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Vortex coiled sunlight pumping optical fiber laser amplifier and amplification method thereof |
| CN111106510B (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-11-13 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Foldable optical fiber laser amplification system of sunlight side pumping and design method thereof |
| CN112260049B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-08-24 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Side pumping laser amplification system based on closed annular cavity and construction method |
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Effective date of registration: 20170929 Address after: Jinan District Fuk new road 350000 Fuzhou city of Fujian province No. 253 CATIC industrial district Patentee after: Fuzhou Photop Technologies Inc. Address before: No. 39 Fuxing Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou city of Fujian Province in 353000 Patentee before: Photop Technologies, Inc. |
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