CN101402743B - Polyimide foam and method of producing the same - Google Patents

Polyimide foam and method of producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101402743B
CN101402743B CN2008102271464A CN200810227146A CN101402743B CN 101402743 B CN101402743 B CN 101402743B CN 2008102271464 A CN2008102271464 A CN 2008102271464A CN 200810227146 A CN200810227146 A CN 200810227146A CN 101402743 B CN101402743 B CN 101402743B
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foam
solution
preparation
polyimide foam
polyimide
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CN101402743A (en
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王连才
曾心苗
李淑凤
鲍矛
郭建梅
翟彤
曹巍
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Beijing Ray Application Research Center Co.,Ltd.
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BEIJING RAY APPLIED RESEARCH CENTRE
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Abstract

The invention discloses polyimide foam and a preparation method thereof. Aromatic dianhydride and/or aromatic acid ester, alcohol with low molecular, a catalyst and a surface active agent are mixed proportionally in a polar solvent and react so as to form foam precursor solution. The foam precursor solution and isocyanate react in a mould and freely foam into a foam intermediate. The intermediate is solidified by microwave radiation or/and oven heating to obtain solid polyimide foam. The preparation process has short path, simple technology, good stability for storage of the foam precursor solution, adaptation to processing technologies of pouring, spray coating, extrusion, and the like, no occurrence of defects of cracked foam, foam combination, subsidence and incomplete amination, low preparation cost as well as uniform hold diameter and stable performance of the solid polyimide form, and is convenient for popularization and application.

Description

A kind of polyimide foam and preparation method thereof
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to polymeric material field, relate to a kind of polyimide foam and preparation method thereof specifically.
Technical background
Polyimide foam is one of polyimide material most important applications form.Polyimide belongs to aromatic heterocyclic polymer, have the intensity height, from over-all properties such as fire-retardant, high temperature resistant/low temperature, anti-solvent, resistance to oxidation, anti-irradiation, dielectric properties is good, the polyimide of form of foam has not only kept the excellent properties of original copolymer, but also has characteristics such as light weight, thermal conductivity are low, adiabatic, sound absorption, gentle elasticity height.Thereby not only high temperature resistant but also low temperature resistant heat insulation, the sound-absorbing material of polyimide foam Chang Zuowei is applied to high-tech areas such as aircraft, naval vessel, military project, electronics.The research of polyimide foam material arises from 19th century the mid-1960s, and U.S. DuPont company has applied for relevant patent US3249561 the earliest.This patent disclosure a kind of mixture that in polyamic acid solution, adds dewatering agent or dewatering agent/tertiary amine, and then add the acid that can produce gas, with CO or the CO that produces 2Foaming, final curing obtains the polyimide foam preparation methods.But, inhomogeneous by the polyimide foam aperture of this kind method preparation.And U.S. US3,483,144 patent disclosures be to be raw material with dianhydride and diamines, under molten state, adopt the preparation method of Prepared by Ball Milling polyimide foam, because the less water that produces in this method utilization reaction is made whipping agent, therefore can only prepare highdensity polyimide foam, and the foam aperture of preparation is inhomogeneous, defective is more.U.S. US4,900,761 patents are that diamines, dianhydride (or derivatives thereof) are dissolved in the low mass molecule alcohol, obtain polyimide precursor solution or powder, obtain polyimide foam by heating then.The defective of this method is the polyimide foam that can not obtain wide density range, especially can not obtain the goods of extremely-low density and good mechanical performance.Chinese patent CN1,528, the disclosed preparation method of 808A is with dianhydride esterification in the small molecular alcohol ethereal solution, small molecules ether is by hydrogen bond and two acid diesters couplings, adding diamines afterwards reacts and obtains the polyimide salts solution, remove then and desolvate, oven dry is pulverized, and high temperature prepares frangible microballoon of polyimide and polyimide foam then.The polyimide foam over-all properties of utilizing this method to obtain is better, but this method complex process, preparation foamy midbody solution is wayward, and intermediate foam solution physical behavior has limited its range of application.How to overcome the shortcoming that above-mentioned described preparation method exists, exploratory development goes out that a kind of preparation technology is simple, foam aperture evenly, the polyimide foam of stable performance and preparation method thereof, be the current task of finishing of needing in the art.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of preparation technology is simple, foam aperture evenly, the polyimide foam of stable performance and preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions: a kind of polyimide foam and preparation method thereof, be characterized in: be mixed in proportion in polar solvent reaction by aromatic dianhydride and/or aromatic esters, low mass molecule alcohol, catalyzer, whipping agent and tensio-active agent and form foam precursors solution, foam precursors solution and isocyanic ester are at the mould internal reaction, free foaming forms foam intermediate, and the process microwave radiation is or/and baking oven for heating obtains the solid polyimide foam after solidifying again; Wherein each component concentration is in the foam precursors solution:
100 parts of aromatic dianhydride and/or aromatic esters
100-300 parts of polar solvents
0.5-25 parts of low mass molecule alcohols
Catalyzer 0.02-10 part
2-30 parts in tensio-active agent
The mass ratio of foam precursors solution and isocyanate reaction is 1:0.5-1.5, and each amounts of components unit is in mass parts;
Aromatic dianhydride and/or aromatic esters are invested in the polar solvent in proportion fully stir, treat that solid all after the dissolving, adds low mass molecule alcohol, after reacting completely, add auxiliary agents such as catalyzer, tensio-active agent again, above-mentioned solution stirring to constant temperature, can be obtained foam precursors solution; Foam precursors solution is stirred fast with isocyanic ester in proportion, generate foam intermediate solution, treat to pour in the preprepared mould after solution begins to turn white, the time of carrying out is 0.05-10 minutes free foaming, become foam intermediate, after the foam intermediate unsticking, take out, put into microwave equipment and finalize the design from mould, then foam is put into and filled the nitrogen baking oven and carry out abundant imidization, obtain the solid polyimide foam.
Above-mentioned described aromatic dianhydride and/or aromatic esters comprise: 3,3 ', 4,4 '-phenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride (OPDA), 3,3 ', 4,4 '-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), 3,3 ', 4,4 '-BPDA (BPDA), 1,2,4,5-pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 3,3 ', 4,4 '-sulfobenzide tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DSDA) etc., and above-mentioned acid anhydrides reacts two acid diesters that form with alcohol.
Above-mentioned described polar solvent comprises: dimethyl formamide (DMF), N,N-DIMETHYLACETAMIDE (DMAC) and N-Methyl pyrrolidone.
Above-mentioned described low mass molecule alcohol comprises: methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, propyl carbinol, low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol.
Above-mentioned described catalyzer comprises: trolamine, the rare diamines of three second, triethylenediamine, two (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, Dabco33-LV, Dabco CS90, Polyca33, Polycat41; Stannous octoate, dibutyl tin laurate, mercaptan dioctyl tin, dibutyltin diacetate, stannous octoate, dibutyl tin laurate; Tensio-active agent comprises DC193, AK-168 series organosilicon; Whipping agent comprises the Hydrochlorofluorocarbons class as 1,1-two chloro-1-fluoroethanes, chloro-fluoro-carbon kind such as whipping agents such as Trichloromonofluoromethane and alkanes such as pentane.
Above-mentioned described isocyanic ester comprises polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates (PAPI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI-80/20), diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI).
Cardinal principle of the present invention is to utilize main reaction raw material aromatic anhydride and/or ester and isocyanic ester reaction within a short period of time to obtain intermediate product, and intermediate product is subjected to heat release main foaming agent CO 2The back forms imide structure, obtains end article.Raw material adds tensio-active agent in order to stable foam, adds catalyzer such as entry, amine, organotin and quickens foamable reaction.The low mass molecule alcohol effect that adds in reaction soln is: 1. reaction monomers forms two acid diesters with the aromatic dianhydride reaction; 2.. the blowing promotor of reaction; 3. Fan Ying promotor.The existence of low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol can make between the monomer precursor and to form crosslinkedly, helps forming network structure between polyimide molecule, has improved the homogeneity of polyimide foam abscess, and the foam that obtains has better stability.
Also can add strengthening agents such as comprising lime carbonate, talcum powder, silicon-dioxide, silicon carbide, glass fibre, carbon fiber in the present invention's prescription, so that improve the anti-compression properties and the mechanical strength of goods of the present invention.Also can add in the present invention's prescription and comprise the Hydrochlorofluorocarbons class as 1,1-two chloro-1-fluoroethanes, chloro-fluoro-carbon kind such as Trichloromonofluoromethane and alkanes such as pentane are at interior whipping agent, so that reduce foamy density.
Owing to adopted the processing method of above-mentioned preparation polyimide foam, make preparation process route of the present invention short, technology is simple, the excellent storage stability of foam precursors solution, adapt to and complete processing such as to pour into a mould, to spray, extrude, can not occur splitting the bubble and steep, subside and the halfway defective of material imidization, the solid polyimide foam aperture that also makes acquisition evenly, stability is high, is ideal polyimide foam product comparatively, reached the purpose of invention.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1
With 92.4 grams 1,2,4, the 5-pyromellitic dianhydride is invested in the 140 gram dimethyl formamides and fully stirs, treat 1,2,4,5-pyromellitic dianhydride solid all dissolves, after solution becomes must be clarified, add 11 gram anhydrous methanols, 7 gram low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols (PEG-600), treat that solution temperature reduces to below 45 ℃ naturally, add 10 gram deionized waters, 18 gram surfactant A K-168,0.5 gram trolamine, 0.2 gram stannous octoate again.Above-mentioned solution stirring to constant temperature, can be obtained pink viscous foam precursor solution.
Measure 15 gram foam precursors solution, with etc. the polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates of quality stir fast, treat to pour preprepared mould into after solution begins to turn white, free foaming 2-3 minute, put into microwave equipment typing 30-45 minute after the foam unsticking, obtain foam intermediate, then foam intermediate is put into and filled the slaking of nitrogen baking oven, 2 hours landlocked continuing were warming up to 300 ℃, stopped the demoulding after 1.5 hours, obtained the solid polyimide foam.
The fundamental property of the polyimide foam of embodiment 1 preparation is as follows after tested:
Density 0.020g/cm 3
Thermal conductivity 0.042Wm -1K -1
Limiting oxygen index(LOI) 36%
Compression set 6%
Average sound absorption coefficient (125-4000Hz) 0.47
Embodiment 2
With 68.2 grams 3,3 ', 4,4 '-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride is invested in the 140 gram dimethyl formamides and fully stirs, and is heated to 120 ℃ gradually, stops 20 minutes, be cooled to then below 80 ℃, add 9.8 gram anhydrous methanols, 9 gram low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols (PEG-1000).Treat that solution temperature reduces to below 50 ℃ naturally, in above-mentioned solution, add 10 deionized waters, 15 gram surfactant D C193,0.6 gram trolamine, 0.2 gram stannous octoate successively.Above-mentioned solution stirring to constant temperature is obtained light brown foam precursors solution.
Measure 20 gram foam precursors solution, stir fast with 18 gram isophorone diisocyanates, treat to pour preprepared mould into after solution begins to turn white, free foaming 3-5 minute, put into microwave equipment typing 30-45 minute after the foam unsticking, obtain foam intermediate, then foam intermediate is put into and filled the slaking of nitrogen baking oven, 2 hours landlocked continuing were warming up to 300 ℃, stopped the demoulding after 1 hour, obtained the solid polyimide foam.
The fundamental property of the solid polyimide foam of embodiment 2 preparations is as follows after tested:
Density 0.022g/cm 3
Thermal conductivity 0.043Wm -1K -1
Limiting oxygen index(LOI) 38%
Compression set 6%
Average sound absorption coefficient (125-4000Hz) 0.44
Embodiment 3
With 74.6 grams 3,3 ', 4,4 '-BPDA is invested in the 100 gram dimethyl formamides and fully stirs, be heated to 120 ℃ gradually, treat that solid all after the dissolving, stopped 20 minutes, be cooled to then below 80 ℃, add 6 anhydrous methanols, 4.5 gram low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols (PEG-400).Treat that solution temperature reduces to below 45 ℃ naturally, add 6 gram deionized waters, 11 gram surfactant D C193,0.3 gram triethylene diamine, 0.15 gram dibutyl tin laurate again.Above-mentioned solution stirring to constant temperature, can be obtained red-brown viscous foam precursor solution.
Measure 20 gram foam precursors solution, with etc. the polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates of quality stir fast, treat to pour preprepared mould into after solution begins to turn white, free foaming 3-5 minute, put into microwave equipment typing 30-50 minute after the foam unsticking, obtain foam intermediate, then foam intermediate is put into and filled the slaking of nitrogen baking oven, 2 hours landlocked continuing were warming up to 300 ℃, stopped the demoulding after 2 hours, obtained the solid polyimide foam.
The fundamental property of the polyimide foam of embodiment 3 preparations is as follows after tested:
Density 0.024g/cm 3
Thermal conductivity 0.043Wm -1K -1
Limiting oxygen index(LOI) 37%
Compression set 5%
Average sound absorption coefficient (125-4000Hz) 0.51
Embodiment 4
Measure the foam precursors solution in the 25 gram embodiments 1, add 5 gram light calcium carbonates, in ultrasonic apparatus, be uniformly dispersed, gained solution and 25 gram tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate are stirred fast, treat to pour preprepared mould into after solution begins to turn white, free foaming 3-5 minute, put into microwave equipment typing 1 hour after the foam unsticking, obtain foam intermediate, then foam intermediate is put into and filled the slaking of nitrogen baking oven, 2 hours landlocked continuing were warming up to 300 ℃, stopped the demoulding after 1 hour, obtained the solid polyimide foam.
The fundamental property of the polyimide foam of embodiment 4 preparations is as follows after tested:
Density 0.041g/cm 3
Thermal conductivity 0.048Wm -1K -1
Limiting oxygen index(LOI) 40%
Compression is permanent to become 4%
Average sound absorption coefficient (125-4000Hz) 0.42
Embodiment 5
Measure the foam precursors solution in the 25 gram embodiments 1, add 3 grams 1,1-two chloro-1-fluoroethane whipping agents mix.Gained solution and 25 gram polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates are stirred fast, treat to pour preprepared mould into after solution begins to turn white, free foaming 2-3 minute, put into microwave equipment typing 1 hour after the foam unsticking, obtain foam intermediate, fill the slaking of nitrogen baking oven with putting in the middle of the foam then, 2 hours landlocked continuing were warming up to 300 ℃, stop the demoulding after 1.5 hours, obtain the solid polyimide foam.
The fundamental property of the polyimide foam of embodiment 5 preparations is as follows after tested:
Density 0.015g/cm 3
Thermal conductivity 0.040Wm -1K -1
Limiting oxygen index(LOI) 36%
Compression set 8%
Average sound absorption coefficient (125-4000Hz) 0.50
Embodiment 6
With 46.2 grams 1,2,4, the 5-pyromellitic dianhydride, 34.1 restrain 3,3 ', 4,4 '-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride is invested in the 140 gram dimethyl formamides and fully stirs, be heated to 120 ℃ gradually, after treating the solution clarification, stopped 20 minutes, be cooled to then below 80 ℃, add 10 gram anhydrous methanols, 8 gram low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols (PEG-600) treat that solution temperature reduces to below 45 ℃ naturally, add 10 deionized waters, 16 gram surfactant D C193,0.6 gram trolamine, 0.3 gram stannous octoate in above-mentioned solution successively.Above-mentioned solution stirring to constant temperature is obtained red-brown foam precursors solution.
Measure 15 gram foam precursors solution, stir fast with 16 gram polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates, treat to pour preprepared mould into after solution begins to turn white, free foaming 4-6 minute, put into microwave equipment typing 40-50 minute after the foam unsticking, obtain foam intermediate, then foam intermediate is put into and filled the slaking of nitrogen baking oven, 2 hours landlocked continuing were warming up to 300 ℃, stopped the demoulding after 1 hour, obtained the solid polyimide foam.
The fundamental property of the polyimide foam of embodiment 6 preparations is as follows after tested:
Density 0.026g/cm 3
Thermal conductivity 0.043Wm -1K -1
Limiting oxygen index(LOI) 39%
Compression set 6%
Average sound absorption coefficient (125-4000Hz) 0.38

Claims (6)

1. the preparation method of a polyimide foam, it is characterized in that: by aromatic dianhydride and/or aromatic esters, low mass molecule alcohol, catalyzer, and tensio-active agent is blended in by weight, and reaction forms foam precursors solution in the polar solvent, behind isocyanate reaction, free foaming forms foam intermediate solution in mould, and the process microwave radiation is or/and baking oven for heating obtains the solid polyimide foam after solidifying again; Wherein each component concentration is in the foam precursors solution:
100 parts of aromatic dianhydride and/or aromatic esters
Polar solvent 100-300 part
Low mass molecule alcohol 0.5-25 part
Catalyzer 0.02-10 part
Tensio-active agent 2-30 part
Each amounts of components unit is in weight part;
The concrete steps of described polyimide foam are as follows:
A. aromatic dianhydride and/or aromatic esters are invested in the polar solvent in proportion and fully stir, treat that solid all after the dissolving, adds low mass molecule alcohol, after reacting completely, add catalyzer and tensio-active agent again, above-mentioned solution stirring to constant temperature, can be obtained foam precursors solution;
B. foam precursors solution is stirred fast with isocyanic ester in proportion, reaction generates foam intermediate solution, and the mass ratio of foam precursors solution and isocyanate reaction is 1: 0.5-1.5;
C. treat to pour in the preprepared mould after solution begins to turn white, the time of carrying out is 0.05-10 minute free foaming, becomes foam intermediate;
D. after the foam intermediate unsticking, take out, put into microwave equipment and finalize the design, then foam intermediate is put into and filled the nitrogen baking oven and carry out abundant imidization, obtain the solid polyimide foam from mould.
2. according to the preparation method of the described polyimide foam of claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned described aromatic dianhydride and/or aromatic esters are: 3,3 ', 4,4 '-phenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4 '-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4 '-BPDA, 1,2,4,5-pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4 '-sulfobenzide tetracarboxylic dianhydride or above-mentioned acid anhydrides react two acid diesters that form with alcohol.
3. according to the preparation method of the described polyimide foam of claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned described polar solvent is: dimethyl formamide, N,N-DIMETHYLACETAMIDE or N-Methyl pyrrolidone.
4. according to the preparation method of the described polyimide foam of claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned described low mass molecule alcohol is: methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol or propyl carbinol.
5. according to the preparation method of the described polyimide foam of claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned described catalyzer is: trolamine, the rare diamines of three second, triethylenediamine, two-2-dimethylaminoethyl ether, Dabco33-LV, Dabco CS90, Polycat33, Polycat41, stannous octoate, dibutyl tin laurate, mercaptan dioctyl tin or dibutyltin diacetate; Tensio-active agent is: DC193 or AK-168 series organosilicon.
6. according to the preparation method of the described polyimide foam of claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned described isocyanic ester is polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates, tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethanediisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate or tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate.
CN2008102271464A 2008-11-25 2008-11-25 Polyimide foam and method of producing the same Active CN101402743B (en)

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