CN1014001B - Improved toner for use in compositions for developing latent electro-staticimages, method of making the same, and liquid composition using the improved to ner - Google Patents
Improved toner for use in compositions for developing latent electro-staticimages, method of making the same, and liquid composition using the improved to nerInfo
- Publication number
- CN1014001B CN1014001B CN85109588.7A CN85109588A CN1014001B CN 1014001 B CN1014001 B CN 1014001B CN 85109588 A CN85109588 A CN 85109588A CN 1014001 B CN1014001 B CN 1014001B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pigment
- toner particle
- particle
- toner
- mentioned
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940059904 light mineral oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000889 permalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIBIBHIFKSKVRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynecobalt Chemical compound [Co]#P SIBIBHIFKSKVRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099800 pigment red 48 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003504 terephthalic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004992 toluidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
Abstract
A liquid composition for developing latent electrostatic images comprising toner particles associated with a pigment dispersed in a nonpolar liquid. The salient feature of the invention is that the toner particles are formed with a plurality of fibers or tendrils from a thermoplastic polymer and carry a charge of a polarity opposite to the polarity of the latent electrostatic image. The polymer is insoluble or insolvatable in the dispersant liquid at roam temperature. The toner particles are formed by plasticizing the polymer and pigment at elevated temperature and then either permitting a sponge to form and wet-grinding pieces of the sponge or diluting the plasticized polymer-pigment while cooling and constantly stirring to prevent the forming of a sponge while cool. When cool, the diluted composition will have a concentration of toner particles formed with a plurality of fibers.
Description
In prior art, electrostatic latent image uses the dry powder toner or develops with the toner particle that is dispersed in nonconducting non-polar liquid.The dry powder of toner can not be too thin, because their dissipation enters ambient atmosphere, and flies at the space and will be harmful to healthy.In addition, toner dry powder must be able to cling by high temperature melting, and this just needs to use the energy.The image that is used for powder toner development electrostatic latent image and makes does not reach our desired sharpness.And the powder of liquid toner can be done very carefully, because they do not fly at the danger in space, therefore, they can be used for the duplicate of production high definition.
The generation of electrostatic latent image is can be exposed by a branch of chopped radiation by the photoconductive layer with even static charge, static charge is discharged and obtains latent image.Think thus, also can produce electrostatic latent image with additive method.For example, with a carrier that insulating surface is arranged, predetermined static charge is transferred to this surface.This electric charge is produced by row's contact pilotage.
The present invention is only narrated office copier, but can think that other purposes that comprise the electricity photograph also are suitable for.
In office copier, electrostatic latent image normally is incident upon Useful Information at the dark place and forms on the charged optical conductor.After electrostatic latent image produces, develop with the liquid that is dispersed in the toner particle that pigment is arranged in the non-polar solvent.The specific insulation height of non-toxic aq surpasses 10
9Ohmcm, specific inductive capacity are lower than 3.0 and have a higher vapour pressure.Can play liquid peptizaiton, suitable is isomerized aliphatic hydrocarbon, it is to be made by clothing health (Exxon) company, and be A Aishapai with the trade mark-G(ISOPAR-G), A Aishapai-H(ISOPAR-H), A Aishapai-L(ISOPAR-L) and A Aishapai-M(ISOPAR-M) sale.Each all has the different end points of distillation and vapour pressure.
Latent image just is transferred on the blank film after developing.During transfer printing, if latent image has situations such as luminous point, smudgy and extruding, sharpness will reduce, and therefore just whole latent image can not be transferred on the blank film from optical conductor, cause the residual toner vestige that the transfer printing latent image is arranged on the optical conductor.And extrusion effect is avoidable, as long as at optical conductor that latent image has developed with want to stay a space between the blank film of transfer printing latent image.Density of image that the space printing transferring method obtains and sharpness all are extraordinary.The present invention more improves to some extent.
Our invention is about improved toner particle, when it is dispersed in the non-polar support liquid, is applicable to the developing electrostatic latent image, can improve density and high sharpness is arranged.And the liquid composition of the preparation method of above-mentioned particle and this toner particle of dispersion.This invention also is about a kind of toner particle, mainly be the toner particle of band pigment, it has fiber, tendril, filament, bristlelike monofilament, fibril, ligament, hair silk, extension, elongated portion, bristle, cusp and the like (below be referred to as " fiber ") and produces simultaneously in the process that forms
The peculiar people 3,278,439 such as (Blanchette) of Blanc has pointed out a kind of potpourri of dried developer.The erose carrier particle that ferrimagnet constitutes in this potpourri, it is suitable for around knot, twines, and is linked to be brush structure, is well suited for carrying the thermoplastic powder of brush.This patent can not instruct our invention.
Lai Te (Wrihght) 3,419,411 manages to provide a kind of developer solution, and pigment and " becoming the material of grid " (referring to following the 2nd section 12 row) are wherein arranged.The patent holder regards branched polymers to his " becoming the material of grid " as and is different from straight chain molecule or closed loop molecule ... when it is dissolved in certain liquid and is pseudosolution, a kind of molecular structure is just arranged, in this structure, the size of a direction is at least than the big magnitude of size of mutually perpendicular other two directions ... " (with reference to following the 2nd section 31 row; Mark of emphasis is that we add).White assures that the straight chain molecule of a direction is only arranged, and can not generate a bundle fiber, (referring to following the 2nd section the 48th row).It is believed that the theory of being narrated is incoherent.What bulk of molecule related to is the order of magnitude of 10 dusts, and toner particle then should be the order of magnitude of thousand dusts by comparison.In example 1, White with a kind of pigment dispersing in polystyrene modified rubber.The kauri-butanol number of known road solvesso 100 is 93, is enough to make this rubber compound dissolving.This solution more resembles coating and does not resemble grid, and then image is just fixed by rubber coating.In example 2, he is the thing that fixes of the linseed oil varnish with a kind of polymerization, and paraffin only carries pigment and uses.The patent holder specifies this varnish as " brilliant polish ".Similar with it, in example 3, use a kind of varnish that contains hydrogenation rosin and polymerized linseed oil, and it is indicated work " brilliant polish " usefulness.In example 4, in four, all use paraffin and varnish in the toner, and again they are appointed as " brilliant polish ".It should be noted that the solvesso that kauri-butanol number is high can dissolve paraffin when using paraffin.So, for example 4, can in solvesso, add shellsol T to dilute it, the kauri-butanol number of potpourri is reduced.Because the kauri-butanol number of aromatic hydrocarbon mixture solution has only 26.Must be pointed out that when using lower kauri-butanol number, if there is not the web plate of shadow tone, (referring to following the 6th section the 1st row) just can not obtain resolving power preferably.Example 5 is identical with example 4, just uses calcium resinate instead without Foral in varnish.This toner in the example 6 is with the toluene solution of organic glass and the solvesso of ethyl cellulose.The kauri-butanol number of toluene surpasses 100.Inferring according to technical requirement, obviously be that pigment develops latent image, and varnish, paraffin, ethyl cellulose, modified polystyrene rubber or organic glass is attached to having formed a coating on the pigment.When resin or paraffin adhered to, solvent had formed this coating once volatilizing.Attached to the coating on the pigment, prevented the diffusion of pigment particles.Toner particle itself does not have the contemplated any fiber of the present invention.
Mai Jinda people 3,668,127 such as (Machida) has reported a kind of toner particle, and it is that this coating of formation can not be dissolved in the spreading agent with first kind of resin coating pigment.Therefore this particle comes wrapping with second kind of resinous coat again, and this coating can expand ... just, can solvation ... in dispersion medium.Resin among the present invention should be undissolved in room temperature, and only just can solvation when high temperature.This expansiveness of resin is represented can solvation.In people's such as Ma Jida patent, do not report fiber and from toner particle, stretched, if having winding, interlocking to intert or agglomerating fiber stretches out research purpose of the present invention that Here it is from particle.
Nurse this people such as grade (Gilliams) 3,909,433 in Jilin has reported about by the synthetic resin coating pigment of rosin, has generated a kind of toner particle, and the particle with coating grinds to form fine powder subsequently.The polymkeric substance of this fine powder and alkylating heterocycle N-vinyl monomer is suspended in the nonpolar carrier together, and the toner particle that awards application of resin is with positive polarity.Fiber do not reported in this piece article yet.
The blank film that Lawson people 3,949,116 such as (Lawson) has managed to avoid excess liq to make optical conductor that has electrostatic latent image or the latent image that developed be about to transfer printing soaks, and the patent holder makes a kind of gel to the resin and the dispersant liq of band pigment.This gel has thixotropy.When requiring latent image developed, below roller, or like that, supply with gel, and the developer that will be congealed by two limits of roller is transformed into liquid, this transformation is only just arranged in the shear stress district, and when shear stress disappearance in a single day, then developer is returned to the jelly attitude again.Do not report fiber is arranged in the toner.
Soil nit (Tsuneda) 3,998,746 has been reported the toner with the rubber coated colored particle, and this rubber coating of use is that the baking rubber solutions forms in 150 ℃ high temperature.But do not report the toner of fiber.Very clear, any fiber that demonstrates feature of the present invention may be encased by rubber, does not therefore just reach the purpose of this invention.
Mine-laying crin people 4,157,974th such as (Brechlin), to the improvement of people's such as Smith patent 3,939,085, he has reported a kind of organosol of liquid developer, it is used for the developing electrostatic latent image, and obtains a kind of developed image that is clamminess.Only just can be to blank film and needn't use electric field this image conversion with this viscosity image.The shortcoming of this type developer is that no the time, it can condense.Suddenly come people such as crin to make every effort to add a kind of protective colloid, condense in dispersing liquid with the polymkeric substance of pigment preventing.And the polymkeric substance of the band pigment that the patent holder makes is clamminess.With the image that is clamminess of this toner development, just can be with simply contacting transfer printing.(referring to the 10th section the 57th row).Also can add a kind of aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and increase its tackiness.This solvent for example, solvesso 100(is referring to the 10th section the 62nd row).And toner particle is spherical in shape.(referring to the 7th section the 18th row).Do not report the toner of making fiber yet.
Lang De people 4,411,976 such as (Landa) has reported a kind of toning component, and imagination is carried out the development of electrostatic latent image by the space between blank film and the development latent image.Really be, this component can be used for the latent image that develops, and it is that the electrostatic latent image that will develop is developed by the contact transfer printing of developer solution.Yet, will push, be the outstanding purpose of this invention and eliminate extruding.Requisite fiber report not in this minute data in the toner.And develop when replacing the space to develop with contact, developed image is transferred on the paper, in many cases bleeding can appear then.
Japanese patent gazette application number Sho56/1981-93330, on June 16th, 1981 proposed, and be published in № Sho57/1982-207259 with disclosed patent gazette in Dec 18 nineteen eighty-two, once reported, on the spherical toner surface, formed the point that protrudes, the formation of these points be in the resin fusion due to the insoluble powder.The effect of projection is to make the latent image of apparent shadow be easy to remove from the surface that is developed, thereby makes this surperficial scraper operating period of cleaning longer.Best material is a thermoplastic resin.Not reporting any fiber forms.
Japanese patent application No. 58-2851 is published in January 8 nineteen eighty-three, and the author of this paper is little field, and he has reported a kind of method for making of wet toner, is to be used for making printed panel.In the article of Zai Xiao field, he is mixed with the multipolymer and the carbon black of the ethylene-vinyl acetate of special saponification with toluene, and then polymkeric substance is dissolved to be heated to 80 ℃.Just adding in the hot solution after dissolving-hexane, stirring and cooling, the particle of generation sinks to container bottom.Electrostatic latent image is developed by above-mentioned toner.Provided an example.Be freezing in the multipolymer immersion liquid nitrogen with ethylene-vinyl acetate, broken with the hammer hammer then.The powder that obtains like this is dispersed among the isomerized aliphatic hydrocarbon mixed solvent H.Do not report this polymkeric substance of plasticising and form a kind of porous mass, also report does not prevent the porosity generation and produces fiber, does not see that also fibrogenic report is arranged in the article.In fact, with hammer knock powder, this just can think, does not have fiber in any particle and exists.
In general, our invention wants to produce a kind of particle toner, and it has a kind of configuration of a lot of fibers, and like top term is defined.These fibers are formed by thermoplastic polymer, and in fact in the latent image of developing liquid developing, they are that interlocking interts, twines and links together.In used developer solution, there is this toner particle of the present invention to be dispersed in wherein.The image of Huo Deing has high sharpness like this, extremely excellent lines resolving power ... edge acuity just ... resemble power with high Jie.The outstanding advantage of development latent image is that good compression strenght is arranged, so it can be from the surface transfer that is developed to blank film and unlikely flattening.Because the winding of this toner particle, we can make thicker latent image, still can obtain sharpness preferably.Thickness can be controlled with the charge potential that changes on the optical conductor, also can change development time, change the dense thick degree of toner particle, the conductance of change toner particle, the charge characteristic of change toner particle, change the size of toner particle, or the surface chemistry that changes toner particle or the like is controlled.More than any in these methods or can use several combining.
Except that thermoplasticity recited above and forming the fiber, polymkeric substance must have following properties:
1. it must dispersed color (if wishing to have pigment).
2. it must be insoluble to liquid dispersant when temperature is lower than 40 ℃, and therefore in the contain process, it can not dissolve or solvation.
It must be when temperature be more than 50 ℃ can solvation.
It must to be ground into diameter be 0.1 to 5 micron particle.
5. it must form not in 10 microns particle.
6. it must melt more than 70 in temperature.
7. because recover the application of seal, the porosint (narration later on) that is formed by it must have certain rigidity.Omnipotent penetrometer with precision is measured.Its hardness is greater than 120, though in many cases, the polymkeric substance of this hardness is too soft.
By solvation, the polymkeric substance that constitutes toner particle is become expand or be gel, this has just demonstrated polymer molecule and has combined with liquid dispersant and generated complex compound.
We have known three kinds of methods, are used for producing the toner particle of desired fibre structure.Be so substantially, between 65 ℃ and 100 ℃ of temperature, we are with pigment dispersing or be dissolved in the polymkeric substance of plasticising, during this plastification material cooling, just generate porous plastic, then its are pulverized in flakes, and grind fragment.This method will be done comprehensive narration below.
Another method of our toner particle preparation is that the pigment of one or more polymkeric substance with carbon black or material like that is dissolved in the nonpolar spreading agent, the solution that generates, slowly cooling under agitation, and stirring is to produce in this method of the toner particle that fiber is arranged to determine an indispensable step.When solution cools off, just produce precipitation particles, can find from precipitation particles has fiber to stretch.
The third method is that polymkeric substance is heated to it more than fusing point, and with pigment dispersing, in this method, the thermoplastic polymer stretching with band pigment just has fiber to generate, and generates porosint earlier and be provided with by it.
The fibrous toner particle that is generated by any method in front is with the charge control agent of knowing, and is dispersed in to have constituted a kind of developer in the nonpolar carrier fluid.
One of purpose of our invention provides a kind of denser developing electrostatic latent image that can reach than prior art.
We provide a kind of development component at another purpose of invention, and it includes toner, can make the complete transfer printing of the electrostatic latent image that has developed basically.
Purpose in addition of our invention is the electrostatic latent image that has developed to be transferred to do not have the situation of flattening on the blank film.
Another purpose of our invention provides a kind of electrostatic latent image that has developed, and it can transfer printing, and has high sharpness.
Our invention a purpose more arranged, provide a kind of electrostatic latent image that has developed, it can transfer printing, and has special contrast.
The other purpose of our invention provides a kind of electrostatic latent image that has developed, and it can be transferred on the blank film and can bleeding.
We also have other purposes at invention, provide a kind of electrostatic latent image that has developed, and it can be transferred to different various the acceptance on the medium of surface roughness.
The further purpose of our invention provides a kind of novel preparation method that improves toner particle.
Our invention also have another purpose, provide a kind of liquid component, be to be made into our improvement toner particle, be used for the liquid development of electrostatic latent image.
Purpose other that we invent and further will illustrate in the narration below.
Fig. 1 is a microphoto, is with the microscope photographing of transmission electron beam, and amplifies 13,000 times.Can see the deployment conditions of this toner particle that we invent.
Fig. 2 is a microphoto, is with the microscope photographing of transmission electron beam.What photo was clapped is the toner particle shown in Fig. 1.This sheet amplifies 45,000 times.
Fig. 3 is a microphoto, is with the microscope photographing of transmission electron beam.What photo was clapped is the another kind of toner particle of our invention shown in Fig. 1.This sheet amplifies 45,000 times.
Fig. 4 is a microphoto, is to use the scanning beam microscope photographing, and photo amplifies 1000 times.Can see, be resulting a kind of porosint of interstage of the improvement toner particle made with our a kind of method.
Fig. 5 is a microphoto, is to use the scanning beam microscope photographing, and amplifies 23,800 times.Can see many toner particles that we invent.
Fig. 6 is a microphoto, is to use the scanning beam microscope photographing, and this sheet amplifies 38,400 times.Can see many toner particles that we invent.
Fig. 7 is a microphoto, is that this sheet amplifies 20,000 times with the scanning beam microscope photographing, can see many toner particles made from the another kind of method of our invention.
Optimum implementation
Our characteristic feature of an invention is that toner particle and many fibers generate together ... that is to say to have so a kind of structure.The toner particle of this novelty, we make the development component to it, are used for the developing electrostatic latent image.The development component is dispersed in a small amount of toner particle in for example isomerized aliphatic hydrocarbon mixed solution of non-polar liquid and makes, the weight of toner particle may diminish to be dispersion liquid weight 0.2%(by weight).This toner particle be band pigment and form by polymer resin.Also add a spot of charge control agent in the component, the amount of adding can be the toner particle weight in the developer 0.1%(by weight).This charge control agent can be selected, and awards toner particle positively charged or electronegative by it, with latent image with the electric charge situation decide.Experts understand, the electric charge on the toner particle, generally be with electrostatic latent image with opposite polarity.
Nonpolar dispersion liquid is the aliphatic hydrocarbon of side chain preferably ... more specifically be exactly isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-G, isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-H, isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-K, isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L and isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-M.It is from the cut of isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon mixed solvent that these isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbons are tied to, and extracts very narrow cut, and its purity is quite high.For example the boiling spread of isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-G is between 156 ℃ and 176 ℃.The mean boiling point of isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L is approximately 194 ℃.The flash-point of isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-M is that 77 ℃ of auto-ignition temperatures are 338 ℃, and strict production technology specification is arranged, and wherein sulphur, acid, carboxyl and chloride all are limited to parts per million (ppm).They do not have basically and smell, and very slight alkane flavor is only arranged, and they have durable fragrance, and are all made by clothing health (Exxon) company.Light mineral oil, for example Marko 52 or Marko 62 are made by Heng Boer (Humble) oil refinery company, also can use.These all are the higher aliphatic hydrocarbon liquid of boiling point.
The specific insulation of all dispersion liquids is 10
9More than the ohmcm, and specific inductive capacity is below 3.0.Vapour pressure in the time of 25 ℃ is less than 10 torrs.Best isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon is isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-G, and its flash-point is 40 ℃.Flash-point is measured with " Tag " airtight cup method.The flash-point of isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L is 61 ℃, measures with Same Way; And the flash-point of isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-M is 77 ℃, records with Bin Sike-Martin (Pensky-Martens) method.We have discussed best spreading agent, and its key property is specific insulation and specific inductive capacity.In addition, we want low that of kauri-butanol number a kind of in the dispersing agent performance, by nearly 27 or 28, are to measure (ASTMD1133) that the method for this value is measured by ASTM (American society for testing materials).
Employed polymkeric substance must be that to be called Ai Erfankesi II (trade mark) be to be made by E.I E.I.Du Pont Company (ELVAX) to thermoplastic, best polymkeric substance.Ai Erfankesi resin (EVA) E.I.du pont de Nemours originally; Company is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, new Ai Erfankesi resin, and label is the ELVAX II, is the ethylene copolymer that carboxylic acid functional is arranged, molecular weight height, Heat stability is good, the acid number scope is as follows:
The resinous acid value melting index
(at 90 ℃)
5550 54 10
5610 60 500
5640 60 35
5650T
＊60 11
5720 66 100
5950 90 25
" T " represents trimer
The ELVAX II has bigger thermal stability and higher intensity, and two factor decisions are arranged.The first, on the same carbon atom that links to each other with carboxylic acid on the polymer chain, there is alkyl to exist, this has just increased chain rigidity and has increased rotation polymer chain energy needed.The second, the hydrogen bond by producing with intramolecular dimerization between the molecule has formed a stable resonant structure.
Best ethylene copolymer resin is ELVAX II 5720 and 5610.Other polymkeric substance that we once tried are isotactic polypropylene (crystal formations).Operable in addition polymkeric substance is the multipolymer and the poly-terephthalic acids butyl ester of original ethylene-vinyl acetate.Other polymkeric substance that tried are multipolymers of ethylene-propylene acetoacetic ester series, are to be made and sold with trade mark Parker Li Te (BAKELITE) by Union Carbide Corp.It is DPD6169, DPDA6182, classification and DTDA9169 classification.Other useful polymkeric substance that Union Carbide Corp makes are DQDA6479 classification 7 and DQDA6832 classification 7.These all are the ethylene vinyl acetate resins.
The polymkeric substance of other useful kinds is to be made (E.I.du pont de Nemours ﹠amp by E.I E.I.Du Pont Company in our invention; Company), all Seats (ELVACITE) are sold and with the trade mark dust.These compounds are methacrylate resins, for example poly-n-butyl methacrylate (trade mark is 2044), polyethyl methacrylate (trade mark is 2028) and polymethylmethacrylate (trade mark is 2041).If desired, but can add a spot of Brazil wax in dividing, but can produce bleeding and oily fringe on duplicate, that yes is bad for this.In addition, if use a kind of rigid polymer, for example 5650T can add a spot of hydroxyethyl cellulose.Reproduction quality still is bad.
Polymkeric substance has pigment usually, and this just can make latent image become can observable image.Though,, not necessarily need so to do from some application point.If used pigment is cabot carbon black L(mineral black), then its consumption can be that 10% of polymer weight arrives 35%(by weight).If this pigment is a kind of dyestuff, then its consumption can be polymer weight 3% and 25% between (by weight).If without dyestuff, for example, on making printed panel, during the toner of development latent image, can add an amount of silicon dioxide, for example colloidal silica makes it easier grinding.The kind of pigment has pigment pthalocyanine blue G(C.I. pigment blue 15C.I.74160 number), toluidine red Y(C.I paratonere), quinoline
Pyridine ketone magenta (pigment red 122), indoles brilliant scarlet G (pigment red 123 C.I.71145 number), toluidine red B(C.I. pigment red 3), the red B(C.I. pigment red 48 of azo class pigment (Watckung)), permanent red jewel F6B13-1731(paratonere 184), hansa yellow (pigment yellow 98), Da Lama Huang (pigment yellow 74, C.I.11741 number), the yellow G(C.I. pigment yellow 1 of toluidine), pigment phthalocyanine blue B (C.I pigment orchid 15), pigment phthalocyanine green B(C.I pigment Green 7), lithol fast scarlet nrh (C.I. paratonere 60), golden palm fibre (C.I pigment mark 6), pigment Phthalocyanine Green G (pigment Green 7), carbon black and Stirling NSN774(pigment black 7C.I.77266 number).
If desired, can use the ferrimagnet that grinds very carefully when pigment, its consumption about 40% to about 80%(is by weight) Mapico black in best.And black with about 65% Mapico be optimum value.The material that other are suitable, as metallic iron, cobalt, nickel, various magnetic oxides have Fe
2O
3, Fe
3O
4And other magnetic oxide; Some iron such as zinc, cadmium, barium, manganese; Chromium dioxide; The thing of various permalloys and other alloys such as cobalt-phosphorus, cobalt-nickel and the like; Also can use any potpourri wherein.
In the method for the new toner particle of preparation, it is 120 porosint at least that the first step preferably forms jelly or hardness, is to measure with omnipotent penetrometer (the using stopwatch) number 73515 of precision.Sclerometer is by (the G.C.A prcision Scientific) of the GCA exact science instrument company manufacturing in Chicago, Illinois and presses ASTM D5-83 operation steps and use.Promptly diameter is 1.02 millimeters a heavy pin (general assembly (TW) 50 grams), and 5 second hands pass sample.
Use our method, plastifier can be made carrier fluid or thick liquid, for example isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-M or mineral oil USP(viscosity 36 centistokes).For ELVAX II resin, above-mentioned plastifier is desirable.Concerning Polyvinylchloride was made polymkeric substance, phosphorus phthalic acid dioctyl ester was selected plastifier.Concerning nylon (polyamide), benzyl alcohol also can be used as plastifier.The useful scope of plasticising ratio be 1: 1 to 1: 5(is by weight).
Add wax such as Brazil wax, can reduce milling time, except that Brazil wax, the multipolymer of other wax such as coconut oil, Japan tallow, yellow wax, microcrystalline wax and low-molecular-weight polyolefin such as tygon and ethylene vinyl acetate can add.Should be careful, must not use the wax of electric charge controlling agent effect.
By the method for pointing out above, we are from the simplest, are mixed together with the polymkeric substance of a certain amount of plasticising and pigment and plastifier, till reaching evenly.After fully mixing, from muller, take out material, make its cooling, formed porosint.As mentioned above, the hardness of porosint should have 120 at least.And the hardness between 25 and 45 is best.Mixing temperature can be within 65 ℃ and 100 ℃ of scopes, preferably 90 ℃.Incorporation time can be in 10 minutes to 3 hours scopes, preferably about 90 minutes.Any suitable mixing and fusion device can utilize ... Luo Si (Ross) duplicate rows amount formula mixer for example, it is (Charles Ross and Son, of Hauppauge New york) that is made by the charles in New York He Baige (Hauppauge) city, Luo Si father and son company
After the potpourri cooling, it is cut into inch strips, (this machine is the Genesal Slicing/Red Goat Dispensers that the general cutting company by Tian Naya state Miu Fulisi POLO city makes in the grating in the meat machine of rolling of general cutting company, of Murfreesboro Tennessee) material of grating is put into attrition mill then, the machine of disc type bowl mill, sand mill, impeller bowl mill, energy of vibration bowl mill and the like.The purpose of grinding is that bigger particle is drawn back, and just does like this and may form fiber in toner-particle.Here it is and the completely different point of the toner of prior art.In prior art, the purpose of grinding only is the size that reduces particle.
This method most important character is the wet lapping of component.Used liquid can be isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-H in the grinding operation, and its consumption is 70% to 90% of a polymer weight, when grinding, measures the size of particle at any time with the centrifugal analysis method.What use is to breathe out not adept centrifugal particle analyzer, and its model is CAPA500, is to be made by the not adept instrument company in the Kazakhstan in all cities of Californai Ilyushin.（Hoviba Intruments Inc）。The mensuration of thermal cross over is with the 1090 binary channels thermal analyzer DSC of Du Pont
#912.Use non-airtight container, sweep speed is 20 ℃/minute, and temperature range is-40 ℃-200 ℃, and multilevel scanning.
The toner performance and price is as follows: the isomery aliphatic hydrocarbon H solution of the alkaline petroleum acids barium (but the prestige of New York, New York is taken off the Wifco Chemical Sonneborne Division of the anti-Bonn of chemical company's rope branch) of preparation 5%.Dense thick toner is 1.5% with the solid content of isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon H dilution.2 kilograms of suspending liquid are put into the developing tank (the Sai Wen company in Stamford city, Kang Nadike state (Savin Corporation)) of Sai Wen (Savin) 870 office copiers.This alkaline petroleum acids barium is to make charge control agent, to add in batches, whenever adds once at every turn, wanted balance 24 hours, when reaching balance, measure the conductance (with a kind of equipment of Johnson city, New York Sai Wen company manufacturing) of dispersion at every turn, just can estimate the performance of toner.With regard to the density of powder, fusing is to the influence of density, and the sharpness of lines and latent image are transferred to the general image quality of efficient on the acceptor and several acceptors have been done evaluation by optical conductor.They are Pa Langwei offset printing coated paper (Plainwell offset enamel), Savin 2200 and 2100, Ji Pa (Gilbest Bond) abrasive paper (50% burr) and match literary composition (Savin) transparent material (smooth and matt).
After grinding was finished, component can be filtered or centrifuging.Filtrate then is dispersed among the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon H and with charge control agent and is mixed and made into concentrate.The solid content of this concentrate is 10% to 30%(by weight).The amount of charge control agent be by the purposes of the characteristic of itself and toner require determined.
A kind of job operation is arranged, use the polymkeric substance of not plasticising, this does not just wish to use fusing point to surpass 160 ℃ polymkeric substance.Use the polymkeric substance of not plasticising, then time of using of mix stages and wet-milling stage is long.We find that it is favourable adding plastifier in the starting stage, and roughly the ratio in 3 parts of plastifier and 1 part of resin adds (by weight).
What below provide is the example that fibrogenic toner particle preparation method is arranged, and is to illustrate, but is not limited to these.
In double planetary mixer, we with 500 the gram ELVAX II 5720 and 500 the gram isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L 78 ℃ of mixing, mix after 30 minutes, add the carbon black of 125 grams, continue to mix 1 hour at 82 ℃, at this moment, begin to add the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L of 1000 grams, and continue to mix 1 hour again, at this moment temperature of charge is 90 ℃, the mouth of pipe through 0.5 millimeter is put into frozen water, and this material is poriness.Porosint is by rolling the meat machine.It is broken into fragment, and makes it then these fragments to be carried out wet lapping by 50 eye mesh screens.We put into the poriness fragment of 28.8 grams is equipped with the tap water cooling and has the 0-1 masher (Union Process Inc.) of 3/16 inch steel ball to grind together 75.5 hours with the 171.2 isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-H that restrain.Grinding is that flexible polymer beads is drawn back, and makes it to form many fibers that gather, and we are diluted to solid content with this concentrated thing is 2%, and adds a kind of charge control agent, and this has just formed developer solution.The charge control agent that adds can be added in many samples with various amount, and the scope of its addition is to add 1 to 100 milligram charge control agent in every gram powdery toner.Developer solution just dilutes with isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon G, make toner particle content in isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon spreading agent be 0.2%(by weight), and on civilian (Savin) 870 duplicating machine of match duplicate copy.After in a single day the electrostatic latent image that has developed was transferred on the blank film, duplicating machine stopped immediately, and gluing tape just is attached on the optical conductor, to remove the vestige of toning latent image residual on the optical conductor.We find that transfer printing can surpass 90%.
In two planetary-type mixers,, mixed at 85 ℃ with the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer II 5610 of 750 grams and the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-G of 353 grams.Mixed after 30 minutes, add the blue pigment of phthalocyanine BT-383-D of 132 grams and the ground and mixed liquid of 397 gram isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-H, and mixed 1 hour.Isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-the G that then add 2250 grams, after adding in 1 hour, potpourri stirred 30 minutes again.The porosint of Xing Chenging is chilled to 80 ℃ of dischargings like this, in pump suction aluminium dish.After the cooling, porosint is ground to form grain size as embodiment 1.It is in the masher of S-O that the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbons-H of the porous granules of 1101 grams and 899 grams are added model, and the steel ball of cooling with tap water and 3/16 inch is housed in this machine.Potpourri ground 65 hours.According to embodiment 1 grinding material is made developer solution, be used for transfer printing, its poor effect.
Press the operation steps of embodiment 1, solid content with regard to potpourri is calculated, wherein 25 parts ELVAX II 5650T resin, 50 parts of UNIREZ(a unlon Camp polyamides) and 25 parts carbon black be blended together (all by weight), during grinding, can see and form many inappropriate fibers, so this prescription is not fine, be to rupture because many fibers are crisp.
Embodiment 4
Press the operation steps of embodiment 1,, can see that polymkeric substance is difficult for carbon blacks with poly-(4-methylpentene).
Embodiment 5
We are with Parker Li Te (BAKEITE) DPD6169 and the 500 gram isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbons of 500 gram Union Carbide Corp, put into two planetary-type mixers, mix 1 hour for 100 ℃ in temperature, we add the carbon black (MoguL L) of 166.6 grams again subsequently, mixed 1 hour again, become uniform potpourri during this period, discharging is subsequently put into fixed dish and is cooled off.Press the operation steps of embodiment 1, obtained fabulous result.Basically all be transferred on the blank film.Blank film is a kind of paper substrate (printing paper substrate) that is coated with clay seam, and it has smooth and surface that do not absorb water.The transfer printing result can see the spot that does not have flattening or pattern, and fabulous marginal sharpness and resolving power are arranged on the contrary.If the carrier fluid toner of prior art is used in this test, is that effect is bad certainly.
Embodiment 6
We add the carbon black of the polypropylene of 37 part half (by weight) of the Brazil wax of 37 part half (by weight) and 25 parts (by weight) in two planetary mixers, and mixed this potpourri is until evenly.Potpourri is emitted, and cooling.Pressing embodiment 1 handles.Ground in masher 36 hours, and did experiment then, the transfer printing that can see the latent image that developed is less than more than 90% or 90%, and have only about 60%, but the image that obtains is still satisfied.
Embodiment 7
In two planetary-type mixers, add 1 kilogram copolymers II 5720 of ethylene-vinyl acetate and 1 kilogram isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon L, mixed 30 minutes at 85 ℃.Add 176 gram cabosils (silicon dioxide) this moment, and, then this material is put into the aluminium dish and be cooled to room temperature mixing of materials 1 hour.After grinding granulating, press embodiment 1, porosint was put into grinding machine for grinding 25 hours.There is silicon dioxide that grinding is more prone in the material.Do not add any black or coloured pigment in the toner, this toner can be used for making the resist of printed circuit board (PCB) or making printed panel, waits analog.
In two planetary chuck mixers, we mix the ELVAX II 5720 of 500 grams and the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L of 250 grams with this polymkeric substance of plasticising 90 ℃ of temperature, and then add the carbon blacks (Mogul L) of 166.6 grams, and make that potpourri is mixed again to be disperseed fully until pigment.After about 1 hour, material becomes viscoid, and at this moment we add 1750 gram isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L again, and reinforced also the continuation more than 2 hours stirs, and when material reaches even again, stops heating, but continues stirring.Reach about 25 ℃ of room temperatures until potpourri.Proceed during cooling mixture to stir, the distinguishing feature of this method that Here it is, making in the toner particle of generation has many fibers.This has also just prevented the generation of porosint, and the toner particle of band pigment is precipitated out when the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L that adds interpolation makes dispersion liquid, pigment is encased or pigment and polymkeric substance are linked up.The operation of mixer hydrid component is that per minute about 20 changes.The toner particle of newly formed like this band plastics is approximately 30% in the weight of liquid.Can think, other non-polar liquids that vapour pressure is high, for example the alkane oil of the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon of other types or light constituent can be as the liquid of dispersion liquid.The toner particle developer solution that enrichment is high can encapsulate also and can dilute in duplicating machine, and this all is the technology of knowing.If desired, mixer can cool off with tap water, has so just quickened the generation of the toner particle of band fiber.We can use the different mixture of polymers of many kinds simultaneously, and during churning or any charge control agent that add to be fit to when an opportunity arises.This just can take out liquid developer from container.The concentration of toner particle can be reduced to 2%(by weight with it with the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon).The toner that makes so just can be used for the developing electrostatic latent image on the civilian office copier of match, immediately the latent image that develops is transferred on the blank film, can see that the characteristic of image improves to some extent, the density height, and sharpness is fairly good.In addition, can extremely good being transferred on the blank film from the optical conductor surface, and residual on the optical conductor surface also be seldom.
Embodiment 9
In duplicate rows star mixer, we put into the carbon blacks of 166 grams, the ELVAX II (trade mark 5720) of 500 grams and the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L of 500 grams, with mixture heated to 90 ℃, and fierce stirring, temperature maintenance is at 90 ℃ ± 10 ℃, until pigment is uniformly dispersed fully.Isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L with 1500 grams slowly adds then.Obtained uniform mix, shallow metal dish is put in discharging, is chilled to room temperature.The gelling material that obtains, the reading of its penetrometer are 35 ± 0.5.The material of this porous shape is cut into little.(that Tennessee) makes rolls the grating of meat machine for Genezal Slicing/Red Goat Dispensezs, Murfreesboro with general cutting company.The porosint of isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-H and 665 gram grating added (Akron of Union Process Inc. ohio), has 3/16 inch stainless shot in this machine, be used for reducing final particle very much not in the ball milling edge mill that stirring is arranged that model is 1-S.When reinforced, the running of bowl mill jogging speed, after material added, bowl mill speed increased, about 30 hours of ball milling, the distribution that obtains grain size is that less than 10%, its particle mean size (by planimeter) is 1.0 ± 0.5 microns greater than 3 microns (pressing planimeter) particles.Bowl mill just can discharging.This dispersion thing can add isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-H and dilute, and makes solid content and be the liquid developer that 2% electricity is taken a picture.
Performance evaluation: and two kinds of charge adjusting agents ... 37 milligrams/gram toner powder and 47 milligrams/gram toner powder ... with above-mentioned operation steps.That of 47 milligrams/gram is a kind of, the image quality that obtains is near best, and the quality of whole image is well, seldom has flattening and edge also very clear, to match the resulting image of civilian 870 toners suitable with commerce, and the image conversion efficiency ratio more has improvement with commercial toner.Dense consistency and lines resolution also increase.
On plainuell print through drawing, use the made improvement developer solution of toner particle of the present invention, then demonstrated tangible high density 3.0, resolution and be 9 lines right/millimeter.With civilian 2100 paper of plug, resolution remains on 9, records density value and reduces to 1.6 with Mike's this (Macheth) reflection densitometer of wearing.Use translucent matte material, resolution reduces to 8, and density drops to 1.6.Use hyaline smooth material, density is increased to 1.9, and resolution also is 9.With lucky handkerchief adhesive material (Gilbest.bond), density reduces to 1, and resolution is 6.3.This can compare with the toner of the civilian prior art of match, if use the toner that has earlier; Be used in that its density is 1.6 on the plain well print through drawing, resolution is 8.With No. 2100 paper, its density is 1.4, and resolution is 8.Use transparent lubricious material, its density is 1.2, and resolution is 5.Use translucent matte material, its density is 1.2, and resolution is 10.Also useful a kind of lucky handkerchief binding material, its density is 1, resolution is 5.With our new toner development latent image, its transfer efficiency approximately is 80%, and prior art only is 60%.
Embodiment 10
We add 500 gram isomerization fat alkane-L in two planetary-type mixers, with the carbon blacks of 214.2 grams and the ELVAX(trades mark of 500 grams be 5720), be heated to 110 ℃ together.Potpourri is stirred well to pigment dispersing, slowly adds the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L of 2000 grams then, until becoming uniform potpourri.Then press embodiment 9 blowings, cooling, section and grinding.The porosint of Sheng Chenging like this, the reading of its penetrometer is 35.0 ± 0.5.The quality of toner is to identify by the operation steps of narrating among the embodiment 9, has also equally reached the extremely excellent resolution of superfine granularity, fabulous transfer printing effect and high optical density (OD) by embodiment 9.
Embodiment 11
Repeat embodiment 9, (the 500 gram ELVAX II trades mark, 5720,500 gram isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbons-L), and use 88.2 carbon blacks that restrain.Potpourri is 70 ℃ of stirrings, and keeps this temperature, disperses fully until pigment, adds plastifier no longer in addition.The porosint and the 1800 isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-H that restrain that ground with 330 grams proceed to grind.The penetrometer reading of the porous resin of the band pigment that discovery is generated is 1.0 ± 0.5.The toner performance is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 12
We have prepared a kind of magnetic-static toning component, are to use Day Ferrix8600(Fe
3O
40.2 micron) make pigment.With ELVAX II 5720(25 gram) and isomerization fat alkane-L(125 gram) and Day Ferrox(25 gram) all add in 01 airslide disintegrating mill, 90 ℃ of holding temperatures are until obtaining uniform potpourri.Comminutor continues to grind and be cooled to room temperature, at this moment adds isomerization fat alkane-H.Continue to grind in room temperature, until grain size near 2 microns.Dispersions obtained again with isomerization fat alkane-H and charge control agent dilution.The use of this toner is as follows.
The magnetic printing plate is to be made by the flash of light imaging, is the CrO with a kind of magnetic texure
2Be applied on the film and (be coated with 200 little CrO on the mylar of dip calorizing 4 mils
2Thin layer).This CrO
2There is 1000 lines/inch to constitute after the magnetization.The flash of light imaging with Jie Teleike image-forming machine (Cirtrak) in energy adjustment to 87 inch making.The magnetic printing plate is installed in civilian 770 duplicating machine of match, normally is placed on the printing drums of selenium layer.The magnetic electrostatic toner that this machine, threading are narrated above.Except belt electrode is disconnected and development electrode and CrO
2Outside the sheet ground connection, operate this machine, can on paper, obtain image with usual method.
Imaging also can be come in this way in the metal surface
Embodiment 13
Below we with the same operation steps of embodiment 9.450 gram ELVAX II 5720 are put into buckle-Perkins mixer, utilize steam to make the bushing temperature in the mixer rise to 125 ℃, begin to mix, continue to keep this temperature to melt until resin, temperature at this moment is 103 ℃, when the quinoline that adds 125.5 grams
During the indoles brilliant scarlet G toner of pinkish red and 23.9 grams of pyridine, continue to mix.The dispersion of fusing is mixed again to add 450 gram isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L after 23 hours, and continues blending until obtaining uniform potpourri.This potpourri discharging is put into dish and is cooled off, obtain the porous polymer of first kind of band pigment of 856.1 grams, this porous polymer is freezing with liquid nitrogen cryogenics, breaks into pieces with hammer then, the fragment of knock is put into 50 ℃ vacuum drying oven, to remove the moisture content on frozen shreds.
Preparing the another kind of colloid of being with pigment with this operation steps, is with ELVAX II 5610.Temperature of fusion during preparation maintains 122 ℃, and the fusion dispersion continues insulation 19 hours, after the fusing, jacket temperature is reduced to 100 ℃, at this moment can add isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L, continue to stir after 2 hours, obtain the porous polymer of second kind of band pigment of 934.3 grams.
The porous polymer of the porous polymer of first kind of band pigment of 71 grams and second kind of band pigment of 29 grams mixes the isomerization fat alkane-L with 129 grams, puts into the plastic beaker that a Jiffy mixer and a high torque (HT) stirrer are housed.Beaker is put into 90 ℃ water-bath.Stirred 2 hours, and then hot mixt was injected container, obtain the magenta porous polymer of 197.5 grams, its penetrometer reading is 34, and this porosint is regrinded into powder.Isomerization fat alkane-H with 120 grams, put into the comminutor (model 01) (Union Process Inc.) of the stainless steel ball that is equipped with 3/16 inch, when the magenta porous polymer that adding 128 grams grind, begin air compressor with jogging speed, after material adds, provide the air capacity of engine to be increased to 40 pounds/square inch, the effective cold running water cooling of the cover of comminutor.Comminutor was operated 29 hours half altogether, had generated a kind of suspending liquid of toner.This suspended matter filters by the coarse stuff filtrator, adds some isomerization fat alkane-H again, makes the magenta toner of 2% solid content.By the granule size analysis, particle mean size (with planimeter) is 1.21 microns as can be seen.With this toner replicated image, quality is spent very much.
We are heated to 100 ℃ with the ELVAX II 5610 of 75 grams, and melt on the glue grinding roller, and have added the mineral oil (MARCCL52) of 15 grams and the carbon black that 15 grams are advanced in fusion.After about 1 hour, potpourri becomes uniformly, at this moment melt is taken out from roller.And use cooled with liquid nitrogen, change Berlin gram over to and step in (Brinkman) ZMI ball-bearing mill.We put into the comminutor (Union Process Inc., model 01) of studying usefulness with 29.2 materials that ground of gram and 160 gram isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-H then, and comminutor is equipped with that tap water cools off and 1/4 inch steel ball.Potpourri ground after 24 hours, had just found this structure of our invention ... many fibers have just been found.Use and note, by grinding the place that forms dry powder, we pass through 140 purpose screen clothes with abrasive substance termly.After grinding end, we dilute dry powder, make a kind of liquid component, add charge control agent again.By adding the different charge control agent of quantity, prepared many samples, the amount that adds controlling agent is that per 1 gram powder toner is within 1 milligram to 100 milligrams the scope.If in the phase one, added enough plastifier in the polymkeric substance, this will form porosity, and porosity is quite soft, so just do not need freezing milling.
Can think so that we can use ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and many polymer mixed, for example polymkeric substance of polypropylene, polyamide and the like.We also notice, use adjuvant, and for example tygon, Brazil wax and the like can reduce milling time, also can reduce the number that attracts fiber on the polymer core.We have prepared the toner particle of many band fibers with various thermoplastic resins.The liquid toner component that is dispersed into by our improved toner particle has shown improvement in various degree, and promptly density and resolution aspect have all increased.These liquid components can the developing electrostatic latent image, and the latent image that will develop has also increased from the ability that optical conductor or insulator surface are transferred on the blank film.This improvement result can also show from the different blank film of surfaceness.
Press the operation steps of embodiment 1 below, we are with 37.5%(by weight) ELVAX II resin (trade mark 5610), 37.5%(is by weight) ELVAX II resin (trade mark 5640) and 25%(by weight) carbon black (Mogul L), make the dense thick developer solution of 2% solid content, when being used for the developing electrostatic latent image, dense image and fabulous branch rate lines have been produced, and use when matching literary composition (Savin) 870 duplicating machine, latent image is transferred on the blank film from optical conductor, and splendid effect is arranged.
This example is to be similar to embodiment 15.But with 37.5%(by weight) ELVAX II resin (trade mark 5720) replaces ELVAX II resin (trade mark 5640).Image and transfer printing effect are all similar, even are better than embodiment 15.
Press the operation steps of embodiment 1, ELVAX II polymkeric substance (trade mark 5720) with 97%(by weight) and 3% pthalocyanine blue G pigment, (making) manufactured byE.I Du porof De Nemouts ﹠amp by E.I. E.I.Du Pont Company; Compauy.Obtained unsatisfied image.
Repeat the following examples 23, the silica of smoking with blue pigment of the BT-383DCPC of 2.7 grams and 8.0 grams (the silicon dioxide EH-5 of colloidal state) replaces carbon black (Mogul L).Resolution is 9, and transfer efficiency is 75%, and density is 2.0.
Repeat embodiment 23, with 0.6 gram RV6300, the two is pinkish red plastics for 3.1 gram RV6803() and 4.8 restrain silicas (the silicon dioxide EH-5 of colloidal state) and replace carbon black (Mogul L), resolution 6.3, transfer efficiency is 84%, density 1.7.
Embodiment 20
Prepared the toner latent image on the conductive substrates.For example, use to implement 1 toner, on match literary composition (Savin) 870 duplicating machine, do that the sheet base is made or the toner latent image is transferred to copper coin from the intermediate with the mylar of dip calorizing and make.The metal that has exposed with etching agent solution (161 gram cupric chlorides two hydrates, 568 milliliters of concentrated hydrochloric acids and 350 ml waters) etching, then toner is dissolved away (hot solution toluene: normal butyl alcohol is 1: 1), obtain conduction pattern with the same quality of image of former tone.
Embodiment 22
The 500 gram isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L and 500 that pack in the dimorphism mixer restrain ELVAX II (trade mark 5720), stir, and heating blends to 85 ℃～90 ℃, melt until resin, add the yellow YT-858D of Dalamas and the 100 gram silicas (the silicon dioxide M-5 of colloidal state) of 66.7 grams subsequently, under same temperature, continue to mix, all disperse until pigment, add the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L of 1500 grams then, add speed and be 85～90 ℃ and be as the criterion to keep mixture temperature.After the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon all adds, the liquid gel that generates is injected fixed dish, and be chilled to room temperature.Getting a part of gel grinds in Waring blender.Gels that 100 grams are ground and 100 gram isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbons have been put into 750 gram 1/2 " * 1/2 " cloth and have been fallen and step on cylindrical ceramic grinding jar, grinding pot is placed on the roller of 250 revolutions per, rolled 186 hours, final concentrate is taken out from grinding pot, and, obtain Yellow toner with other isomerization fat alkane-H with as the dilution of the charge control agent among the embodiment 1.Resolution is 6.3, and transfer efficiency is 63%, and density is 1.4-1.5.
Embodiment 23
This operation steps is the usefulness for the preparation liquid toner.Only need to use a simple device, also need not handle the material between each step.In 3/16 inch stainless steel ball-milling pearl of No. 01 airslide disintegrating mill, add the ELVAX II resin 5720 of 25 grams and the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L of 125 grams, be heated to 90 ℃; When resin and solvent are even, add the carbon blacks (Mogul L) of 8 grams, and grind until disperseing fully.In addition, pigment also can add simultaneously with resin and isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L, grinds in the time of 90 ℃, is disperseed until pigment.Continue to grind, comminutor is cooled to room temperature, adds the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-H of 130 grams then.Grind and at room temperature proceed, until reaching needed granule size (1-2 micron).This dispersion is diluted with isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-H and charge control agent.What make among the toner that makes with this operation steps and the embodiment 9 is the same.
Use such operation steps, in the 1-S comminutor, the ELVAX II resin (trade mark 5720) of 200 grams of milling, 67 gram carbon blacks, the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-H of the isomerization aliphatic hydrocarbon-L of 1000 grams and 700 grams.What the toner that obtains and embodiment 9 made also is the same.
Referring now to accompanying drawing,, all generate by ELVAX II resin (trade mark 5720) at these several toner particles shown in Fig. 1,2 and 3 and this porosint shown in Figure 4.These microphotos are all taken by transmission beam method.Method is, is coated with the volatile fiery glue-line of one deck room temperature on the copper mesh, with the developer solution of 3% toner powder dilution, gets its 1, it dropped on the grid of such preparation, and allow its volatilization.The sample that makes can directly be put into the microscopical hole of electron beam and observe.
In Fig. 1, see the tendril or the fiber 4,5 and 6 of toner particle 2.Tendril 7 and 8 has coupled together with the bulk of toner particle, and toner particle 10 is told, and it forms with fiber 12 and 14.This photo amplifies 13,000 times.
Fig. 2 is the microphoto of toner particle 2 among a Fig. 1, amplifies 45,000 times.Can see that fiber 8 is to be connected on the toner particle 2 of bulk, and fiber 7 is to stretch from contiguous toner particle.
Fig. 3 is a microphoto by toner particle shown in Figure 1 10, and photo amplifies 45,000 times.Can see that fibril reaches the contiguous bulk toner particle from toner particle 10.
Should be noted that the photo of the toner structure that will obtain is very difficult,, covered their configuration to a certain extent because electron beam can melt fiber fall.
A kind of porosint of having narrated above Fig. 4 has represented, it is generated by plasticized polymer.This microphoto is to amplify 1,000 times, and 11 points in that the microphoto bottom shows reach 30 microns.
Fig. 5,6 and 7 is microphotos of taking with scan method.The specific practice of this method is, gets a toner content and be 2% developer solution, is placed on to allow its volatilization on the glass flake, and the carrier fluid body is smashed and carried a thin slice after the room temperature volatilization, with electroconductive binder a slice or several fragments is contained on one or more short aluminium bar.Be coated with one deck gold then on this rod, thick is 100 dusts, uses vacuum spraying.Sample is put in the microscopical hole of electron beam then.
The sample that Fig. 5 represents is a photo of taking with embodiment 15 prepared developer solutions, and enlargement factor is 23,800 times.The toner particle of various levels can both clearly be seen in this microphoto.Toner 30 has fibril 32,34 and 36 to stretch.Toner particle 29 has fibril 18 to stretch.Fiber 24 and 26 is to stretch from the toner particle of lower level.Toner particle 19 has fibril 16 and 22 to stretch.Toner particle 23 has fibril to stretch out.Toner particle 26 has a fibril 20 to stretch out.Can identify, when taking this photo, the many fibers that appear are by the remaining trace of electron-beam melting.
Fig. 6 is another microphoto with the scan method shooting, is the prescription with embodiment 15.This sheet amplifies 38,400 times, 1 micron of the time interval of accompanying drawing the right black and white lines.The fiber of various appearance is clearly shown on this accompanying drawing.By toner particle 60, can see fiber 62,64 and 66.Can see that also fiber 68 stretches from the toner particle that a kind of discriminating does not go out.Other low-level fibers also can be seen.
Fig. 7 has represented many toner particles of making by embodiment 8 methods, and this is a kind of method preferably.Resin is the ELVAX II, and the trade mark 5720 is a kind of good polymkeric substance.Photo amplifies 20,000 times.Toner particle has many fibers, and many interlockings and interspersed can be clear that in the drawings.
We are not bound by theory, and obviously, in dispersion, all toner particles all have same charge polarity.When these particles were near each other, they repelled each other, and this is because the electric charge that each particle all has same polarity.When electrostatic latent image was developed, toner particle was just attracted by electrostatic latent image, because latent image has higher electromotive force, and had the electric charge of opposite polarity.This just forces toner particle to interlink, and tangles or intersect and intert.The dense degree of image is such: if the paper rough surface, then when image conversion is to blank film, owing to transfer printing charge ratio development latent image electric charge is bigger protruding sunken place is filled and led up, the fiber in the toner interts and tangles and all has been saved like this, has obtained dense image like this.In fact, the toner particle in the development latent image is tangled, and the latent image on the optical conductor is transferred on the blank film more completely.Because this entanglement has also prevented scattering of image edge, has preserved visual sharpness.Except The above results, the toner particle diameter is little, has also guaranteed effective good sharpness.
Can see that we have finished purpose of the present invention.We provide a kind of toner particle, to be fit to generate the bigger electrostatic latent image of density that can reach than prior art.This toner particle of our invention is to be suitable for forming a kind of entanglement when the developing electrostatic latent image, thus, the electrostatic latent image of development is transferred on the blank film fully with the contact transfer printing.And the latent image that the liquid development component that the toner particle dispersion of utilizing us is made into forms, be can be transferred on the blank film and without any the flattening phenomenon.The image that the toner particle of inventing with us develops can bleeding.Can make a kind of concentrate with our toner particle, this concentrate can be diluted to liquid component, and the solid content of toner is 0.2% in this component.We have delivered the production method of several novelties that the toner particle that fiber stretches is arranged.There are some to comprise this step of a kind of polymkeric substance of plasticising.In one approach, plasticized polymer has generated porosint.In other method, spreading agent is to add continuously and stirring, so there is not porosint to generate.
Can observe, toner particle charged is the important characteristic that we invent.We pointed out, added a kind of charge control agent.Because these charge control agents are that this technology is known, so in this explanation, we do not narrate them especially.As everybody knows, in order to award the toner particle negative charge, then charge control agent can be used petroleum acids magnesium, magnesium sulphate, petroleum acids calcium, calcium sulphate, petroleum acids barium, barium sulphate and analog.Come the latent image of strip-like developing pipe positive charge with electronegative particle.The situation of selenium conductor comes to this.And make optical conductor with cadmium, and then latent image is electronegative, and toner particle must be positively charged.We can make toner particle positively charged with charge control agent.This charge control agent is an aluminium stearate.The amount of added charge control agent is decided by component utilized, or with various amount, adds in the developer solution sample, decides with experience, and we proposed in embodiment 1.
Very clear, some characteristic and recombinant all are general, needn't just can use with reference to other characteristic and recombinant.This point is that claim is desired, also is within the claim scope.Obviously, in the claim scope, can do various changes on the details under the prerequisite of spirit of the present invention, so, very clear, the concrete details that institute proposed and describes above content of the present invention was not limited to.
Claims (22)
1, a kind of toner particle of making electrophoresis motion by non-polar liquid that is applicable to is characterized by it and contains a kind of thermoplastic polymer that forms with many fibers, and above-mentioned particle is awarded a kind of static charge of predetermined polarity.
2, the described toner particle of a kind of claim 1 is characterized by, with above-mentioned polymer dispersed pigment.
3, the described toner particle of a kind of claim 1 is characterized by, and it includes and a kind ofly forms with many fibers, and its diameter is the thermoplastic polymer between 0.1 micron and 5 microns.
4, the described toner particle of a kind of claim 1 is characterized by in temperature and is lower than 40 ℃, and this polymkeric substance is insoluble in the above-mentioned non-polar liquid.
5, the described toner of a kind of claim 1 is characterized by this polymkeric substance and is insoluble to when temperature is lower than 40 ℃ in the above-mentioned non-polar liquid, in temperature more than 50 ℃, can be in above-mentioned non-polar liquid solvation.
6, the described toner particle of a kind of claim 1 is characterized by it and includes a kind of ethylene copolymer resin that forms with many fibers.
7, the described toner particle of a kind of claim 1 is characterized by it and includes a kind of ethylene copolymer resin that forms with many fibers, with the pigment and the charge control agent of above-mentioned resin-bonded.
8, a kind of described toner particle of claim 1 be used to develop liquid components of electric latent image that contains is characterized by it and includes a large amount of nonpolar non-toxic aqs, and the volume resistance of this liquid surpasses 10
9Vapour pressure when ohmcm, specific inductive capacity are lower than 3.0,25 ℃ is less than 10 mm Hg; Also include a spot of thermoplastified polymer that has many fibers, and award the static charge of above-mentioned polymkeric substance with predetermined polarity.
9, a kind of described toner particle of claim 1 be used to develop liquid component of electric latent image that contains is characterized by it and includes a large amount of non-polar liquids, and the volume resistance of this liquid surpasses 10
9Vapour pressure when ohmcm, specific inductive capacity are lower than 3.0,25 ℃ is less than 10 mm Hg; It includes a kind of ethylene copolymer resin that forms with many fibers, and its content arrives 0.2%(by weight with respect to 20% of above-mentioned non-polar liquid body weight); Pigment with above-mentioned resin-bonded; And award the static charge of above-mentioned polymkeric substance with predetermined polarity.
10, the method for the described toner particle of a kind of production claim 1, it is characterized by it and contain the step of a kind of thermoplastic polymer of plasticising, comprise pigment and non-polar liquid and generate porosint, above-mentioned porosint is ground into sheet, add more non-polar liquid, the fragment wet lapping becomes particle, and continues to grind, particle is drawn back the formation fiber stretch out, above-mentioned particle diameter is less than 5 microns.
11, the method for the described toner particle of a kind of production claim 1, it is characterized by it and comprise the step of plasticising ethylene copolymer resin, also comprise pigment and non-polar liquid and when the rising temperature, generate porosint, cool off above-mentioned porosint, it is broken into sheet, add more non-polar liquid, wet lapping becomes particle, continues to grind, particle is drawn back, fiber is stretched out, and add a kind of charge control agent, to award the static charge of toner particle one predetermined polarity.
12, the method of the described toner particle of a kind of production claim 1, a kind of step that the thermoplastic polymer of non-polar liquid is arranged of plasticising when it is characterized by it and being included in high temperature, pigment adds in the plasticized polymer, stir with dispersed color and form potpourri, continue to stir to prevent to form porous mass, adding simultaneously other non-polar liquid in the potpourri reduces mixture viscosity consequently to form dispersion, the cooling dispersion, continue simultaneously to stir, so that the polymer precipitation of band pigment is precipitated out from dispersion, generation has the toner particle of the band pigment of many fibers, and the dispersion of taking out from mix stages is a kind of dense thick toner particle.
13, according to the method for claim 12, the thermoplastic polymer ethylene copolymer resin.
14, according to the method for claim 12, pigment is with a kind of finely disintegrated ferrimagnet.
15, according to the method for claim 12, pigment silicon dioxide.
16, according to the method for claim 12, the pigment carbon black.
17, according to the method for claim 12, pigment can be used colored materials.
18, according to the method for claim 12, charge control agent is added in the dispersion, to award the static charge of toner particle one predetermined polarity.
19, according to the method for claim 12, cooling off this step is acceleration.
20, according to the method for claim 12, this step of plasticising has been to use many thermoplastic polymers.
21,, increased the step of diluting this dispersion with more non-polar liquid according to the method for claim 12.
22, according to the method for claim 21, diluting this step is to make the concentration of toner particle reduce to 3%(by weight) and 0.2%(is by weight) between, for non-polar liquid.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US67990684A | 1984-12-10 | 1984-12-10 | |
| US66/679,906 | 1984-12-10 | ||
| US679.906 | 1984-12-10 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85109588A CN85109588A (en) | 1986-07-23 |
| CN1014001B true CN1014001B (en) | 1991-09-18 |
Family
ID=24728877
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85109588.7A Expired CN1014001B (en) | 1984-12-10 | 1985-12-10 | Improved toner for use in compositions for developing latent electro-staticimages, method of making the same, and liquid composition using the improved to ner |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS61180248A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1014001B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1264592A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH673342A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3543302C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2574571B1 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB2169416B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1215321B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX162249A (en) |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4760009A (en) * | 1985-12-04 | 1988-07-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparation of liquid toner for electrostatic imaging |
| US4717639A (en) * | 1985-12-06 | 1988-01-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparation of a stencil or resist image |
| US4631244A (en) * | 1986-02-18 | 1986-12-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparation of liquid toners for electrostatic imaging using polar additive |
| US4670370A (en) * | 1986-04-03 | 1987-06-02 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparation of color liquid toner for electrostatic imaging using carbon steel particulate media |
| US4707429A (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1987-11-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Metallic soap as adjuvant for electrostatic liquid developer |
| US4702984A (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1987-10-27 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Polybutylene succinimide as adjuvant for electrostatic liquid developer |
| US4681831A (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1987-07-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Chargeable resins for liquid electrostatic developers comprising partial ester of 3-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid |
| US4758494A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1988-07-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Inorganic metal salt as adjuvant for negative liquid electrostatic developers |
| US4780389A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1988-10-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Inorganic metal salt as adjuvant for negative liquid electrostatic developers |
| US4783389A (en) * | 1987-03-27 | 1988-11-08 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparation of liquid electrostatic developers |
| US4780388A (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1988-10-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyamines as adjuvant for liquid electrostatic developers |
| JP2614051B2 (en) * | 1987-09-07 | 1997-05-28 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Manufacturing method of liquid developer for electrophotography |
| JP2752621B2 (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1998-05-18 | 文化シャッター 株式会社 | Shutter management control device |
| US4794066A (en) * | 1987-11-04 | 1988-12-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparation of liquid electrostatic developer |
| US4830945A (en) * | 1988-05-23 | 1989-05-16 | Xerox Corporation | Liquid electrophotographic developer comprising oppositely charged toner particles and dyes of different colors |
| US4877698A (en) * | 1988-05-23 | 1989-10-31 | Xerox Corporation | Electrophotographic process for generating two-color images using liquid developer |
| US4880720A (en) * | 1988-05-23 | 1989-11-14 | Xerox Corporation | Liquid developer compositions |
| US5270776A (en) * | 1988-06-06 | 1993-12-14 | Spectrum Sciences B.V. | Method for fusing developed image |
| US5555185A (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1996-09-10 | Indigo N.V. | Method and apparatus for imaging using an intermediate transfer member |
| US5636349A (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1997-06-03 | Indigo N.V. | Method and apparatus for imaging using an intermediate transfer member |
| US5157238A (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1992-10-20 | Spectrum Sciences, B.V. | Fusing apparatus and method |
| GB8823259D0 (en) * | 1988-10-04 | 1988-11-09 | Spectrum Sciences Bv | Imaging apparatus |
| US5426491A (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1995-06-20 | Indigo N.V. | Method and apparatus for enhancing the cohesiveness of developed images in electrostatic imaging processes |
| US4923778A (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-05-08 | D X Imaging | Use of high percent solids for improved liquid toner preparation |
| US4985329A (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1991-01-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Bipolar liquid electrostatic developer |
| IL111846A0 (en) | 1994-12-01 | 1995-03-15 | Indigo Nv | Imaging apparatus and intermediate transfer blanket therefor |
| US5053823A (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1991-10-01 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Liquid electrophotographic transferring apparatus |
| US5815783A (en) * | 1989-12-06 | 1998-09-29 | Indigo N.V. | Method and apparatus for printing on both sides of a substrate |
| US5053307A (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1991-10-01 | Dximaging | Process for preparing high gloss electrostatic liquid developers |
| AU7823694A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1996-03-14 | Indigo N.V. | Imaging method |
| US6051305A (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 2000-04-18 | Cryovac, Inc. | Printed polymeric film and process for making same |
| WO2001088619A1 (en) * | 2000-05-17 | 2001-11-22 | Indigo N.V. | Fluorescent liquid toner and method of printing using same |
| WO2008054386A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-08 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | High solids liquid toner concentrate and method of its production |
| JP5428613B2 (en) | 2009-07-22 | 2014-02-26 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Toner for liquid development and manufacturing method thereof, liquid developer, liquid developer cartridge, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1549726A (en) * | 1975-04-04 | 1979-08-08 | Commw Of Australia | Method of developing and a developer for electrical images |
| US4306009A (en) * | 1979-12-13 | 1981-12-15 | Nashua Corporation | Liquid developer compositions with a vinyl polymeric gel |
| DE3215940A1 (en) * | 1982-04-29 | 1983-11-03 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FLAT PRINT PLATE |
| DE3219249A1 (en) * | 1982-05-21 | 1983-12-01 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Process for producing a liquid developer for electrostatic charge images |
-
1985
- 1985-12-06 GB GB08530131A patent/GB2169416B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-12-07 DE DE3543302A patent/DE3543302C2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-12-09 FR FR858518194A patent/FR2574571B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-12-09 IT IT8523141A patent/IT1215321B/en active
- 1985-12-09 MX MX858A patent/MX162249A/en unknown
- 1985-12-09 CA CA000497172A patent/CA1264592A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-12-10 JP JP60276147A patent/JPS61180248A/en active Granted
- 1985-12-10 CN CN85109588.7A patent/CN1014001B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-12-10 CH CH5273/85A patent/CH673342A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1986
- 1986-07-29 GB GB08618396A patent/GB2176904B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1264592A (en) | 1990-01-23 |
| JPS61180248A (en) | 1986-08-12 |
| GB8618396D0 (en) | 1986-09-03 |
| JPH0587825B2 (en) | 1993-12-20 |
| DE3543302A1 (en) | 1986-06-12 |
| IT1215321B (en) | 1990-01-31 |
| GB2169416A (en) | 1986-07-09 |
| GB2169416B (en) | 1989-01-11 |
| GB2176904A (en) | 1987-01-07 |
| FR2574571B1 (en) | 1990-08-24 |
| CN85109588A (en) | 1986-07-23 |
| FR2574571A1 (en) | 1986-06-13 |
| GB8530131D0 (en) | 1986-01-15 |
| GB2176904B (en) | 1989-01-11 |
| MX162249A (en) | 1991-04-16 |
| CH673342A5 (en) | 1990-02-28 |
| IT8523141A0 (en) | 1985-12-09 |
| DE3543302C2 (en) | 1999-11-04 |
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