CN101398055B - Full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel - Google Patents

Full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101398055B
CN101398055B CN2008101548361A CN200810154836A CN101398055B CN 101398055 B CN101398055 B CN 101398055B CN 2008101548361 A CN2008101548361 A CN 2008101548361A CN 200810154836 A CN200810154836 A CN 200810154836A CN 101398055 B CN101398055 B CN 101398055B
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China
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slide block
connecting rod
annular connecting
cambered surface
curved guiding
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CN101398055A (en
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徐毅
尹必峰
程用科
王伟峰
王文勤
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Changchai Co Ltd
Jiangsu University
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Changchai Co Ltd
Jiangsu University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a full-equilibrium single-cylinder diesel engine comprising an engine body and a crank link mechanism. A crankshaft is provided with a front eccentric journal and a rear eccentric journal; a front annular connecting rod and a rear annular connecting rod are mounted at the positions of the front eccentric journal and the rear eccentric journal through a front bearing and a rear bearing, and arranged respectively in a left guiding camber surface and a right guiding camber surface of a front slide block and a rear slide block. The ratio of the eccentric distance e of the front eccentric journal and the rear eccentric journal to the working distance I of the front annular connecting rod and the rear annular connecting rod is equal to the ratio of the radius R of a crank of the crankshaft to the working distance L of the connecting rods; a front guiding pin and a rear guiding pin, which are arranged on the top of the engine body, are respectively arranged in guiding grooves of the front slide block and the rear slide block; a front guiding rod and a rear guiding rod, which are arranged at the lower part of the engine body, respectively pass through guiding holes arranged at the lower part of the front slide block and the rear slide block to connect with a supporting shaft; a sidewall of the engine body is provided with a gear chamber cover; and the lower part of the gear chamber cover is provided with an oil pump. The full-equilibrium single-cylinder diesel engine is characterized by reasonable compact structure, being capable of simplifying the structure and operation of the engine body of the diesel engine, and decreasing the vibration and noise of the diesel engine.

Description

Full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel, belong to the technical field of single cylinder diesel.
Background technique
Greatly, middle-size and small-size single cylinder diesel mainly is made of body part, crankshaft ﹠ connecting, air exchange system, fuel supply system etc., by rotatablely moving of the piston to-and-fro motion in cylinder becoming bent axle, again rotatablely moving of bent axle become the to-and-fro motion of piston, to realize work cycle and external outputting power and each the auxiliary system work that is used for driving motor.Because the pairing linkage mechanism of cylinder all can produce a reciprocal inertia force and rotating inertia force, and the moment of inertia that these two inertial force are also formed two kinds of alternations affacts on the main bearing, these inertial force and moment are not only to diesel engine itself and very unfavorable to the work of outfitting tool, especially has only a cylinder for single cylinder diesel, inertial force that can not self balance diesel engine connecting rod is so need to add the equilibrium problem that extra balanced controls solve connecting rod.At present, the balanced controls that generally adopt of single-cylinder horizontal diesel engine have excessive balance mechanism, uniaxiality balance Agency And spindle balance mechanism.
Excessive balance mechanism adds certain balancing mass on crankshaft balance weight, make bent axle produce excessive inertial force, a part is transferred to Vertical direction along the reciprocal inertia force of cylinder centerline, thereby make single order reciprocal inertia force peak value descend to some extent.
Uniaxiality balance mechanism adds the balancer weight except be positioned at the opposite side of crank pin at bent axle, trunnion shaft of gear driven by the bent axle axle head rotates with unequal angular velocity again, the rotating inertia force that utilizes two balancer weights comes the balance reciprocal inertia force along the component of cylinder-bore axis, and their component perpendicular to cylinder-bore axis is cancelled each other, but because this two power is not point-blank, also can produce unbalanced moment, therefore can only balance part reciprocal inertia force.
Double-shaft balance mechanism adopts two trunnion shafves that two sense of rotation are opposite, size is identical, the centrifugal force of two trunnion shafves reaches balance along the component of cylinder centerline direction and the single order reciprocal inertia force of piston set, but mechanism element quantity is many, and volume and weight is big, the cost height.
Though above-mentioned balanced controls can solve the rotatory inertia equilibrium of forces of connecting rod substantially, but can only partly or entirely balance the single order reciprocal inertia force, all can not solve the equilibrium problem of two-stage reciprocating inertia force, and two-stage reciprocating inertia force is about 1/3~1/4 of single order reciprocal inertia force, so the balanced controls of present single cylinder diesel are because can't the complete equilibrium reciprocal inertia force, be to cause the big main cause of single cylinder diesel ubiquity vibration and noise, both cause noise circumstance to pollute, had a strong impact on user's travelling comfort again.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of rational in infrastructurely, compact, can simplify diesel engine body structure and technology, and reduce the full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel of diesel vibration and noise.
The present invention is that the technological scheme that achieves the above object is: a kind of full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel, comprise body and connecting rod, bent axle is installed on body and the bearing cap by main bearing, connecting rod is connected with crankshaft and piston, piston is arranged in the cylinder of body, it is characterized in that: described bent axle be provided with opposite with the crank pin direction before, back two eccentric journals, before, the left side of back two annular connecting rods, right two ends cambered surface is that a concentric and a left side are big, right little cambered surface, before, before back two annular connecting rods pass through, before back two bearings is installed in respectively, two eccentric journal places, back, and right cambered surface is opposite with the crank pin direction, before, before back two annular connecting rods are arranged on, the left side of back two slide blocks, in the right curved guiding surface, before, the back two eccentric journals eccentric distance e with before, back two annular connecting rod active length l ratios equal the ratio of throw of crank shaft R and connecting rod active length L, be installed in the body top before, before back two guide fingers are separately positioned on, in the guiding groove of back two slide blocks, be installed in underpart before, before back two guide rods pass respectively, the pilot hole of two slide block bottoms, back is connected with back shaft, organism sidewall is equipped with gear chamber cover, the gear chamber cover bottom is equipped with oil pump, is provided with crankshaft oil gallery and last oil duct in the gear chamber cover.
The present invention is because with the crank radius of the throw of eccentric between eccentric journal and the main journal as balanced controls, and two annular connecting rod two ends cambered surfaces on two eccentric journals are concentric and different right cambered surface and the left cambered surfaces of radius before and after being installed in, this right side cambered surface and left cambered surface are served as the microcephaly and the major part of annular connecting rod respectively, and with preceding, the right side of back two slide blocks, match in the curved guiding surface of a left side, when bent axle rotates, before, before back two eccentric journals pass through, before back two bearings drives, back two annular connecting rods are done plane turn swing, before then driving, back two slide blocks do reciprocating linear motion in the cylinder centerline direction, before making, the to-and-fro motion track of back two slide blocks and the movement locus conllinear of piston, and moving direction is opposite, form similar opposed two connecting rods, the rotating inertia force of balance crankshaft, and the reciprocal inertia force of piston generation, reach the complete equilibrium of single order and two-stage reciprocating inertia force, reduced the diesel vibration and the noise of single cylinder diesel.In addition, the present invention is because these balanced controls have been cancelled trunnion shaft structure up and down, and do not change structures such as piston, connecting rod, eccentric journal and connected annular connecting rod and slide block only on the bent axle basis, have been increased, and body improved, structural arrangements is more reasonable, compact, takies the body space and reduces, and can further shorten the length of diesel-engine body.
The present invention is installed in gear chamber cover with oil pump, be lubricated by the bent axle and the rocking arm of the oil duct on the gear chamber cover diesel engine, make the lubrication system architecture compactness, improve operational safety, also simplify simultaneously the layout of body, strengthened the body rigidity, improved the manufacturability of body processing, economical with materials reduces the complete machine cost.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the blast structural representation of single cylinder diesel crankshaft ﹠ connecting of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the sectional structure schematic representation of the A-A of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the perspective view of invention bent axle.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of piston, connecting rod, bent axle, preceding annular connecting rod and front-slider after the present invention splits.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of gear chamber cover of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the B-B sectional structure schematic representation of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the sectional structure schematic representation after the C-C place of Fig. 6 cancels the pressure regulation part.
Wherein: 1-piston, 2-wrist pin, 3-connecting rod, 4-bent axle, 4-1-forward spindle neck, 4-2-pre-eccentric axle journal, 4-3-crank, 4-4-crank pin, 4-5-back eccentric journal, 4-6-back main journal, 5-front-slider, 5-1-left front slide block, 5-2-right front slide block, 5-3-guiding groove, 5-4-pilot hole, 5-5-left curved guiding surface, 5-6-right curved guiding surface, 6-preceding annular connecting rod, 6-1-right cambered surface, 6-2-left cambered surface, 6-3-transition cambered surface, 7-preceding guide finger, 8-fore bearing, 9-upward bolts, 10-following bolt, 11-rear slider, 11-1-left back slide block, 11-2-right back slide block, 11-3-guiding groove, 11-4-left curved guiding surface, 11-5-right curved guiding surface, the annular connecting rod in 12-back, 12-1-right cambered surface, 12-2-left cambered surface, 13-rear bearing, 14-back guide finger, 15-preceding guide rod, 16-back guide rod, 17-back shaft, 18-body, 18-1-roof, 18-2-right side, 19-oil connection, 20-gear chamber cover, 20-1-following oil duct, 20-2-oil pump mounting hole, 20-3-plug, 20-4-spring, 20-5-bolt, 20-6-pressure regulation oil duct, 20-7-last oil duct, 20-8-middle oil duct, 20-9-crankshaft oil gallery, 20-10-draining hole, 21-bearing cap, 22-main bearing, 23-flywheel, 24-belt pulley.
Embodiment
Full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel of the present invention, comprise body 18 and connecting rod, see shown in Fig. 1~4, the crank 4-3 both sides of bent axle 4 of the present invention respectively and be arranged with pre-eccentric axle journal 4-2 and back eccentric journal 4-5 between forward spindle neck 4-1 and the back main journal 4-6, bent axle 4 forward spindle neck 4-1 and back main journal 4-6 are installed on body 18 and the bearing cap 21 by two main bearings 22 respectively, flywheel 23 and belt pulley 24 are installed on the crank 4-3, the right side 18-2 of body 18 to the crankshaft center axial line distance at 160~170mm, and the middle right part of body roof 18-1 is a shut, shut is provided with stiffening rib, to improve the mechanical property of body, the major part of connecting rod 3 is connected with crank 4-3, the microcephaly of connecting rod 3 is connected with piston 1 by wrist pin 2, and piston 1 is arranged in the cylinder of body 18, and the top of piston 1 has the firing chamber.The axle center of pre-eccentric axle journal 4-2 and back eccentric journal 4-5 is opposite with crank pin 4-4 direction, eccentric distance e between the axle center of the axle center of pre-eccentric axle journal 4-2 and back eccentric journal 4-5 and forward spindle neck 4-1 and back main journal 4-6 is as the crank radius of balanced controls, make the balancer weight of the quality of the eccentric journal on the bent axle 4 as bent axle, to reduce the quality of bent axle, see shown in Figure 5, the footstalk radius of bent axle 4 is R, the radius of pre-eccentric axle journal 4-2 and back eccentric journal 4-5 is R3, the footstalk radius of bent axle 4 is R, and L is a length of connecting rod.
See shown in Fig. 1~5, annular connecting rod 12 structure shapes of annular connecting rod 6 and back are identical before of the present invention, the outer circumferential face of preceding annular connecting rod 6 is made of two ends concentric and different right cambered surface 6-1, left cambered surface 6-2 and the two symmetrical transition cambered surface 6-3 of radius, and left cambered surface 6-2 radius R 2 is greater than right cambered surface 6-1 radius R 1, right cambered surface 6-1 is opposite with the crank pin direction, and the distance between the right cambered surface 6-1 of preceding annular connecting rod 6 and the center of circle of left cambered surface 6-2 to the bent axle 4 pre-eccentric axle journal 4-2 axle center is annular connecting rod active length l.See shown in Fig. 1~5, equally, the outer circumferential face of the annular connecting rod 12 in back is also by two ends concentric and the different right cambered surface 12-1 of radius, two transition cambered surfaces of left side cambered surface 12-2 and symmetry constitute, left side cambered surface 12-2 radius R 2 is greater than right cambered surface 12-1 radius R 1, the right cambered surface 12-1 of the annular connecting rod 12 in back is opposite with the crank pin direction, distance is annular connecting rod active length l between the right cambered surface 12-1 of the annular connecting rod 12 in back and the center of circle to the back eccentric journal 4-5 axle center of bent axle 4 of left cambered surface 12-2, before making the right cambered surface 12-1 of the annular connecting rod 12 of the right cambered surface 6-1 of annular connecting rod 6 and left cambered surface 6-2 and back and left cambered surface 12-2 as the major part of two annular connecting rods and microcephaly respectively with the left side of front-slider 5, the left side of right curved guiding surface and rear slider 11, right curved guiding surface cooperates, to form opposed two connecting rods, the movement locus conllinear of its movement locus and piston, and direction is opposite.See shown in Fig. 1,5, the annular connecting rod 12 of annular connecting rod 6 and back is set on fore bearing 8 and the rear bearing 13 and is installed on the pre-eccentric axle journal 4-2 and back eccentric journal 4-5 of bent axle 4 before of the present invention, and preceding annular connecting rod 6 and the annular connecting rod 12 in back are installed in respectively in the left and right curved guiding surface of the left and right curved guiding surface of front-slider 5 and rear slider 11.
See shown in Fig. 1,2,5, front-slider 5 of the present invention is identical with rear slider 11 structure shapes, front-slider 5 has left curved guiding surface 5-5 and right curved guiding surface 5-6, top have guiding groove 5-3, equally, rear slider 11 also has left curved guiding surface 11-4 and right curved guiding surface 11-5, top also have guiding groove 11-3, the bottom of front-slider 5 has pilot hole 5-4, and the bottom of rear slider 11 also has pilot hole.For ease of installing and control, front-slider 5 is made of left front slide block 5-1 and right front slide block 5-2, on left front slide block 5-1 has, following two tapped holes, and right front slide block 5-2 have corresponding on, following two unthreaded holes, last bolt 9 and following bolt 10 pass respectively right front slide block 5-2 on, following two unthreaded holes be screwed in left front slide block 5-1 on, in following two tapped holes, left front slide block 5-1 is connected with right front slide block 5-2, the right curved guiding surface 5-6 radius of right front slide block 5-2 equates with preceding annular connecting rod 6 right cambered surface 6-1 radius Rs 1, and the right curved guiding surface 5-6 arc length of right front slide block 5-2 is less than the right cambered surface 6-1 arc length of preceding annular connecting rod 6, and the left curved guiding surface 5-5 radius of left front slide block 5-1 equates with preceding annular connecting rod 6 left cambered surface 6-2 radius Rs 2, the left curved guiding surface 5-5 arc length of left front slide block 5-1 is greater than preceding annular connecting rod 6 left cambered surface 6-2 arc length, under the drive of bent axle 4, the right cambered surface 6-1 of annular connecting rod 6 and left cambered surface 6-2 do the plane rotary oscillation before making in the right curved guiding surface 5-6 of front-slider 5 and left curved guiding surface 5-5.Same rear slider of the present invention 11 also is made of left back slide block 11-1 and right back slide block 11-2, last bolt 9 is connected left back slide block 11-1 with following bolt 10 with right back slide block 11-2, the right curved guiding surface 11-5 radius of right back slide block 11-2 equates with the right cambered surface 12-1 radius R 1 of the annular connecting rod 12 in back, the right curved guiding surface 11-5 arc length of right back slide block 11-2 is less than the right cambered surface 12-1 arc length of the annular connecting rod 12 in back, the left curved guiding surface 11-4 radius of left back slide block 11-1 equates with the annular connecting rod 12 left cambered surface 12-2 radius Rs 2 in back, the left curved guiding surface 11-4 arc length of left back slide block 11-1 is greater than the annular connecting rod 12 left cambered surface 12-2 arc length in back, equally, back right cambered surface 12-1 of annular connecting rod 12 and left cambered surface 12-2 do the plane rotary oscillation in the right curved guiding surface 11-5 of rear slider 11 and left curved guiding surface 11-4.
See shown in Fig. 2,3 that the present invention is installed in the guiding groove 11-3 of the preceding guide finger 7 at body 18 tops and guiding groove 5-3 that back guide finger 14 is separately positioned on front-slider 5 and rear slider 11, makes front-slider 5 and rear slider 11 play position-limiting action when reciprocating.The preceding guide rod 15 and the back guide rod 16 that are installed in body 18 bottoms pass the pilot hole 5-4 of front-slider 5 bottoms and the pilot hole of rear slider 11 bottoms respectively, preceding guide rod 15 and back guide rod 16 all are positioned at the bottom of tappet, preceding guide rod 15 is connected with back shaft 17 with back guide rod 16, the hole that preceding guide rod 15 of two installations and back guide rod 16 are arranged on this back shaft 17, the tapped hole that two correspondences are arranged on the Vertical direction in two holes, be fixed by bolts on preceding guide rod 15 and the back guide rod 16, by the guiding of pilot hole 5-4, front-slider 5 and rear slider 11 are moved reciprocatingly in body 18.
Before of the present invention, the back two eccentric journals eccentric distance e with before, the ratio of back two annular connecting rod active lengths 1 equals the ratio of throw of crank shaft R and connecting rod active length L, owing to can form opposed two connecting rods, make the motion of front-slider 5 and rear slider 11 and the motion conllinear of piston 1, moving direction is opposite, by the suitable eccentric distance e of control balanced controls, annular connecting rod active length 1, the moving-mass of bent axle 4 and slide block group, both can the complete equilibrium rotating inertia force, the reciprocal inertia force of front-slider 5 and rear slider 11 generations can offset with the reciprocal inertia force that piston 1 produces again simultaneously, reaches the complete equilibrium of single order and two-stage reciprocating inertia force.
See shown in Figure 2, body 18 sidewalls of the present invention gear chamber cover 20 is installed, gear chamber cover 20 bottoms are equipped with oil pump, see shown in Fig. 6~8, establish the crankshaft oil gallery 20-9 of lubricated crankshaft-and-connecting-rod watt and the last oil duct 20-7 of lubricated pitman arm shaft in this gear chamber cover 20, machine oil runs through body directly to the following oil duct 20-1 of gear chamber cover from oil sump by sump strainer, and deliver to crankshaft oil gallery 20-9 and last oil duct 20-7 by oil pump, last oil duct 20-7 extends the top of gear chamber cover, and the outlet end of last oil duct 20-7 is installed in the machine oil pipe.The pressure regulation oil duct 20-6 that communicates with crankshaft oil gallery 20-9 and last oil duct 20-7 in addition on the gear chamber cover 20, pressure regulation oil duct 20-6 has and draining hole 20-10, the pressure regulation part is installed in the pressure regulation oil duct 20-6, see shown in Figure 6, this pressure regulation part comprises plug 20-3, spring 20-4 and bolt 20-5, bolt 20-5 is screwed on the pressure regulation oil duct 20-6 port and withstands on the spring 20-4, spring 20-4 withstands on the plug 20-3, by bolt 20-5 plug 20-3 is moved axially in pressure regulation oil duct 20-6, plug 20-3 is all blocked or part is blocked draining hole 20-10, regulate the pressure of going up oil duct 20-7 to reach, see shown in Figure 8, draining hole 20-10 on this pressure regulation oil duct 20-6 is provided with more than two, and the aperture of draining hole 20-10 oppositely increases gradually along last oil duct 20-7.Enter in the machine oil pipe through last oil duct 20-7 by the high pressure oil after the pressure regulation, last oil duct 20-7 communicates with crankshaft oil gallery 20-9 through middle oil duct 20-8, the outlet end of crankshaft oil gallery 20-9 is connected with bent axle 4 by oil connection 19, make high pressure oil flow to bent axle 4, thereby lubricate bent axle, connecting rod bearing parts from crankshaft oil gallery 20-9.

Claims (6)

1. full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel, comprise body and connecting rod, bent axle is installed on body and the bearing cap by main bearing, connecting rod is connected with crankshaft and piston, piston is arranged in the cylinder of body, it is characterized in that: described bent axle be provided with opposite with the crank pin direction before, back two eccentric journals, before, the left side of back two annular connecting rods, right two ends cambered surface is that a concentric and a left side are big, right little cambered surface, before, before back two annular connecting rods pass through, before back two bearings is installed in respectively, two eccentric journal places, back, and right cambered surface is opposite with the crank pin direction, before, before back two annular connecting rods are arranged on, the left side of back two slide blocks, in the right curved guiding surface, before, the back two eccentric journals eccentric distance e with before, back two annular connecting rod active length l ratios equal the ratio of throw of crank shaft R and connecting rod active length L, be installed in the body top before, before back two guide fingers are separately positioned on, in the guiding groove of back two slide blocks, be installed in underpart before, before back two guide rods pass respectively, the pilot hole of two slide block bottoms, back is connected with back shaft, organism sidewall is equipped with gear chamber cover, the gear chamber cover bottom is equipped with oil pump, is provided with crankshaft oil gallery and last oil duct in the gear chamber cover.
2. full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described front-slider is made of left front slide block and right front slide block, upper and lower two bolts are connected left front slide block with right front slide block, the left cambered surface radius of annular connecting rod before left curved guiding surface radius on the left front slide block equals, and the left curved guiding surface arc length of left front slide block is greater than the left cambered surface arc length of preceding annular connecting rod, the right cambered surface radius of annular connecting rod before right curved guiding surface radius on the right front slide block equals, the right curved guiding surface arc length of right front slide block is less than the right cambered surface arc length of preceding annular connecting rod.
3. full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rear slider also is made of left back slide block and right back slide block, upper and lower two bolts are connected left back slide block with right back slide block, right curved guiding surface radius on the right back slide block equals the right cambered surface radius of the annular connecting rod in back, the right curved guiding surface arc length of right back slide block is less than the right cambered surface arc length of the annular connecting rod in back, the left curved guiding surface of left back slide block equals the left cambered surface radius of the annular connecting rod in back, and the left curved guiding surface arc length of left back slide block is greater than the left cambered surface arc length of the annular connecting rod in back.
4. full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described forward and backward two guide rods are positioned at the bottom of tappet.
5. full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the right side of described body to the distance of crankshaft center axis at 160~170mm, and the middle right part of body roof is shut, shut is provided with stiffening rib.
6. full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pressure regulation oil duct that communicates with crankshaft oil gallery and last oil duct in addition on the described gear chamber cover, the pressure regulation oil duct has the draining hole, the pressure regulation part is installed in the pressure regulation oil duct, draining hole on the pressure regulation oil duct is provided with more than two, and the aperture in draining hole oppositely increases gradually along last oil duct.
CN2008101548361A 2008-10-24 2008-10-24 Full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel Active CN101398055B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2008101548361A CN101398055B (en) 2008-10-24 2008-10-24 Full-equilibrium single cylinder diesel

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CN101398055B true CN101398055B (en) 2010-08-11

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105525990B (en) * 2014-09-30 2018-03-30 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 Single-cylinder engine and its balanced controls
CN205401591U (en) * 2016-03-04 2016-07-27 李延泉 Increase square energy storage flywheel
CN109707790A (en) * 2018-11-21 2019-05-03 盐城工学院 A kind of second order balancing device integrating lubricating oil pump

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