CN101387328B - Method for controlling vibrating response peak value by memory alloy spring - Google Patents
Method for controlling vibrating response peak value by memory alloy spring Download PDFInfo
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- CN101387328B CN101387328B CN2008102248383A CN200810224838A CN101387328B CN 101387328 B CN101387328 B CN 101387328B CN 2008102248383 A CN2008102248383 A CN 2008102248383A CN 200810224838 A CN200810224838 A CN 200810224838A CN 101387328 B CN101387328 B CN 101387328B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling a response peak value of the vibration by a memory alloy spring, which comprises the following steps: 1) the control over the response peak value of the vibration is determined according to the dynamic load capacity of vibration absorbing equipment; 2) according to the given vibration absorbing space, the weight of the vibration absorbing equipment and the requirement of the installation, the type of a memory alloy superelastic spring is determined; 3) the bearing capacity of the memory alloy superelastic spring is calculated by utilizing the memory alloy superelastic platform effect to obtain the parameters and the quantity of the memory alloy superelastic spring; and 4) the memory alloy superelastic spring is arranged to realize the control to the response peak value of the vibration. The method determines the control over the response peak value of the vibration according to materials, the shape and the given dynamic load capacity of the vibration absorbing equipment, then selects the type of the spring according to the vibration absorbing space, utilizes a memory alloy superelastic platform to control the response peak value of the vibration, can ensure that the response peak value is stabilized within the preset range, and effectively protect the safety of the equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of controlling vibrating response peak value, particularly utilize the method for controlling vibrating response peak value by memory alloy spring.
Background technique
Utilizing the characteristic of spring and high damping vibration attenuation pad, vibration damper, the mechanical engineering structure consumed energy of spacecraft is carried out vibration damping and vibration isolation, is traditional vibration damping and vibration isolation method.Along with the increase of dynamic load, vibrating response peak value still has certain increase, and peak value of response also might overload and cause the damage or the inefficacy of product.Generally speaking, traditional vibration damping and vibration isolation often to not quite or not the recur effect of vibration damping of the peak value damping effect of other frequency ranges, need be selected spring parameter at the vibration reducing measure of certain frequency range peak value again, selects damping pad, vibration damper again.Vibration damping and vibration isolation is just complicated like this, and volume is big, weight is big, uses adaptability relatively poor on spacecraft.In addition, high damping vibration attenuation spare is macromolecular material spare often, and volatile generation is polluted under the vacuum environment; Macromolecular material spare is along with decrease of temperature, and the damping property variation uses narrow limitation bigger on spacecraft.Simultaneously, the method that the rigidity of also useful increase mechanical structure increases weight to reduce magnification factor, this also is unfavorable for the use on the spacecraft.
Utilize the hyperelastic characteristic of memory alloy wire, form the high damping vibration attenuation system or intend metal damping member vibration damper with shock-absorbing spring commonly used with memory alloy superelasticity passive energy dissipation device, memory alloy vibration damper, memory alloy, can give full play to the effect of memory alloy superelasticity damping, reduce the peak value of vibratory response.The method that adopts generally is to make up or make up by memory alloy wire and rubber damping by spring and memory alloy wire at present, brings into play the effect of memory alloy superelasticity damping, reduces the peak value of vibratory response.This method has relevant development report in industries such as buildings, but required bulk is bigger, and weight is heavier, still in the exploratory stage, is unsuitable for using on spacecraft in engineering is used.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: the deficiency that overcomes traditional vibration damping and vibration isolation technology, provide a kind of volume little, in light weight, vibrating response peak value is remained in the limited range, and the method for the controlling vibrating response peak value by memory alloy spring that full frequency band can both vibration damping and vibration isolation.
Technical solution of the present invention is: the method for controlling vibrating response peak value by memory alloy spring may further comprise the steps: 1) according to by the dynamic load ability of vibration damping equipment, determine the peak value of response of control vibration; 2), determine memory alloy superelasticity types of springs according to the weight of given vibration damping space, vibration damping equipment and the requirement of installation; 3) utilize memory alloy superelasticity platform effect, calculate the bearing capacity of memory alloy superelasticity spring, obtain the parameter and the quantity of memory alloy superelasticity spring; 4) memory alloy superelasticity spring is installed, is realized control vibrating response peak value.
The method of described controlling vibrating response peak value by memory alloy spring also comprises the test of memory alloy spring parameter and revises step.
When vibration damping space during less than 20mm, described memory alloy superelasticity spring is a spring sheet; When the vibration damping space was 20mm～100mm, described memory alloy superelasticity spring was a leaf spring; When vibration damping space during greater than 100mm, described memory alloy superelasticity spring is a cylindrical spring.According to the weight of vibration damping equipment and the requirement of vibration damping, can select all types of shock-absorbing springs flexibly.
The principle of memory alloy spring vibrating response peak value control of the present invention is: memory alloy material has superelasticity, and some is platform status the power of stretching and displacement.After external force reaches certain value, only increase displacement, supporting effect power is constant, or changes not quite, is platform status, i.e. " platform effect ", as shown in Figure 1.The superelasticity spring also has the curve that partly is platform, as shown in Figure 2.After supported spring enters superelastic, vibrating response peak value no longer increases, waiting under the peak value of response, displacement still increases, support stiffness to the mechanical engineering structure descends immediately, make mechanical engineering structural vibrations resonse characteristic that variation take place, the vibratory response frequency moves down and leaves the response district on former peak.By " platform " effect, the support stiffness that descends automatically reaches the non-overloading of vibrating response peak value, thereby has avoided by the damage of vibration-damped component.This is the new concept of vibration damping and vibration isolation with different with the mechanism of superelasticity damping vibration attenuation.This vibration insulating system is in light weight, size is little, the vibration damping and vibration isolation frequency range is wide, adaptability is big.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is:
1, the present invention is according to by the material of vibration damping equipment, shape and given dynamic load ability; determine the peak value of response of control vibration; select types of springs according to the vibration damping space again; and utilize memory alloy superelasticity platform; the peak value of response of control vibration; peak value of response is stabilized in the predetermined scope, has protected the safety of equipment effectively.
2, memory alloy superelasticity spring of the present invention is insensitive to frequency change in vibration, the covering frequence face width, can both play the effect of vibration damping from 5Hz-2000Hz, overcome in the existing oscillation damping method, different frequency is selected different spring parameters and high damping part for use, it is complicated that vibration damping is installed, and big shortcoming takes up room.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a memory alloy material typical case stretching-displacement diagram;
Fig. 2 is that curve is simplified in spring lamination compressive force-displacement;
Fig. 3 is the memory alloy spring chip module of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 4 is the cabinet slot of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 5 is the installment state of circuit board in slot of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 6 is the stressed sketch of the spring sheet of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 7 is the spring sheet platform typical plot of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 8 is the precision type instrument plate transportation vibration damping schematic representation of the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 9 is the complete machine transportation vibration damping schematic representation of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The method of controlling vibrating response peak value by memory alloy spring may further comprise the steps: 1) according to by the dynamic load ability of vibration damping equipment, determine the peak value of response of control vibration; 2) determine memory alloy superelasticity types of springs according to given vibration damping space; 3) utilize memory alloy superelasticity platform effect, calculate the bearing capacity of memory alloy superelasticity spring, obtain the parameter and the quantity of memory alloy superelasticity spring; 4) memory alloy superelasticity spring is installed, is realized control vibrating response peak value.
After step 3), can also and adjust the superelasticity spring parameter by verification experimental verification.
With cabinet circuit board vibration damping is example.
1, the dynamic load bearing capacity of circuit board is 35g in the present embodiment, determines that the peak value of response maximum is no more than 35g.Because the vibration damping space, is got the monolateral 2.3mm of being in vibration damping space, the high 3.5mm of spring less than 10mm.According to the conventional spring computational methods of reference in the mechanical design handbook spring piece of writing, the input memory alloy material has related parameter, determines that tentatively the kind of spring is the spring sheet configuration.
Adopt one group of memory alloy spring sheet in groove, to carry, the even transmitted load of each spring sheet, one group of spring sheet bearing capacity P is 2.9N, calculated curve such as Fig. 7 are represented by 0-A, A-B, the above three part broken lines of B point.0-A is reduced to straight line, displacement 1.2mm, A-B displacement 1.2mm, according to the development experience, determine that the equivalent equivalent modulus of each several part broken line is respectively:
0-A Ep
1＝25.2Gpa
A-B ΔE＝9.6Gpa
The above E=70Gpa of B (austenite, Young's modulus)
The calculating of every group of spring sheet elastic force (can be with reference to the general handbook of machinery, China Machine Press in August, 1993, the removable beam type spring of arc p779) as shown in Figure 6.Elastic force is Pi:
Pi＝4nEbt
3(f/L
3)
Wherein, L=0.01m spring sheet span
The f=0.0012m load p
1, P
2Vertical displacement under the effect
The width of b=0.0037m spring sheet
The thickness of t=0.0003m spring sheet
E Young's modulus or equivalent equivalent modulus
The quantity of one group of spring sheet of n=6
Spring sheet terrace part elastic force calculates:
P
1＝4×6×25.2×10
9×0.0037×0.0003
3×(0.0012/0.01
3)＝72.5(N)
P
2＝4×6×9.6×10
9×0.0037×0.0003
3×(0.0012/0.01
3)+P
1＝100.12(N)
According to use experience, spring sheet still can recover elastic force after flattening, and stress in elastic range, no longer carries out Stress calculation fully, the overloading ratio n that circuit board shields
1, n
2:
n
1＝P
1/P＝72.5/2.9＝25
n
2＝P
2/P＝100.12/2.9＝34.523
From result of calculation as can be seen, spring sheet can satisfy the designing requirement that is no more than 35g in terrace part carrying amplification from 25 times to 34.5 times.After surpassing the platform of curve, spring sheet does not have the superelasticity characteristics, and load will increase sharply and enter hazardous condition.From the result of spring sheet manufacturing and testing property as can be seen, berm width is about 1mm, and platform load P
1, P
2Numerical value but deviation is bigger.At this moment, can be according to the parameter of the scope correction projectile reed of deviation.
2, select the memory alloy lamellar for use, by 6 little spring chip modules that fuse of forming die processing, profile as shown in Figure 3.Spring lamination 1 is installed in the cabinet slot 5 and fixes with the attachment faces of tank wall, and circuit board is contained in the slot 5, spring lamination 1, is supporting circuit board 2.Cabinet slot such as Fig. 4, circuit board 2 see Fig. 5 with the installment state of spring sheet 3 in slot 5, spring sheet is as shown in Figure 6 stressed.
In cabinet circuit board vibration damping, existing vibration damping and vibration isolation method reaches about 200g so gain in weight owing to need to increase the rigidity of mechanical structure; And the present invention adopts memory alloy superelasticity spring sheet, does not need to increase the rigidity of mechanical structure, does not promptly have the aluminium of reinforcement frame, so weight only is 11.4g, than existing vibration damping and vibration isolation method weight reduction 94%.
3, cabinet is installed in and carries out vibration test on the vibrating table, the vibratory response value of verification circuit board.
Table 1 is in the present embodiment, and cabinet circuit board vibrating response peak value increases the maximum value of back actual measurement with the dynamic load incoming quality level.When cabinet increased along with dynamic load 10.5g, 15g, case interior circuit board vibrating response peak value was all near 22g, and less than the 35g of permission, the peak response peak value remains in the restricted portion in the one-dimensional shear stress of spring.
Table 1
As shown in Figure 8, be the embodiment of the present invention when the precision type instrument plate transports vibration damping.
1,, determines that vibration peak is 1g to the maximum according to the dynamic load bearing capacity of precision type instrument plate; New special-purpose transport case vibration damping space is not limit, and is decided by calculating.According to the conventional spring computational methods of reference in the mechanical design handbook spring piece of writing, the input memory alloy material has related parameter, determines that tentatively the kind of spring is the more convenient cylindrical spring configuration of engineering construction.
2, select memory alloy superelasticity cylindrical spring 6.Survey the platform identity curve of spring, and revise, calculate the design parameter of spring, as embodiment 1.
3, at four angles of precision type instrument plate 7 selected spring is installed respectively, a spring is respectively installed in the upper and lower and side at each angle.As long as spring is in one-dimensional shear stress, the vibrating response peak value of three directions can be controlled in the load range of regulation during the transportation of precision type instrument plate.The size of spring and quantity also can be according to the actual conditions adjustment.
4, defeated by the test run of transport case highway, measure and write down the peak value of three-way vibration response, can verify the correctness of vibratory response overload control.
As shown in Figure 9, be the embodiment of the present invention when complete machine transports vibration damping.
1, according to the dynamic load bearing capacity of transportation complete machine, determines that vibration peak is 0.6g to the maximum.Because the vibration damping space is unrestricted, the back is installed according to the conventional spring computational methods of reference in the mechanical design handbook spring piece of writing, the input memory alloy material has related parameter, determines that tentatively the kind of spring is extension spring of memory alloy superelasticity and superelasticity square saddle type pad.
2, survey the platform identity curve of spring, and calculate, revise the design parameter of spring according to embodiment 1 mode.
3, after memory alloy superelasticity extension spring 10 and superelasticity square saddle type pad 13 are installed above the framework, complete machine 11 is loaded in the vibration damping framework 12 as shown in Figure 9.As long as spring is in one-dimensional shear stress, the vibrating response peak value of three directions can be controlled in the load range of regulation during the complete machine transportation.The size of spring and quantity also can be according to the actual conditions adjustment.
4, defeated by the test run of transport case highway, actual measurement vibration damping data verification effectiveness in vibration suppression.When needing, suitably adjust the parameter of spring.
Claims (3)
1. the method for controlling vibrating response peak value by memory alloy spring is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: 1) according to by the dynamic load ability of vibration damping equipment, determine the peak value of response of control vibration; 2) according to the weight of given vibration damping space, vibration damping equipment and the requirement of installation, determine memory alloy superelasticity types of springs, when vibration damping space during less than 20mm, described memory alloy superelasticity spring is a spring sheet; 3) utilize memory alloy superelasticity platform effect, calculate the bearing capacity of memory alloy superelasticity spring, obtain the parameter and the quantity of memory alloy superelasticity spring; 4) memory alloy superelasticity spring is installed, is realized control vibrating response peak value.
2. according to the method for the controlling vibrating response peak value by memory alloy spring of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method for described controlling vibrating response peak value by memory alloy spring also comprises the test of memory alloy spring parameter and revises step.
3. according to the method for the controlling vibrating response peak value by memory alloy spring of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the formula of described memory alloy superelasticity spring sheet bearing capacity Pi is:
Pi＝4nEbt
3(f/L
3)
Wherein, L is the spring sheet span,
F is the vertical displacement under the different loads effect,
B is the width of spring sheet,
T is the thickness of spring sheet,
E is Young's modulus or equivalent equivalent modulus,
N is the quantity of one group of spring sheet.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1796822A (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-07-05 | 单明军 | Semiactive technique for insulating impulsion based on controllable damping |
| CN101109694A (en) * | 2007-08-20 | 2008-01-23 | 沈阳理工大学 | Method for predicting low frequency damping of titanium-nickel shape memory alloy |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1796822A (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-07-05 | 单明军 | Semiactive technique for insulating impulsion based on controllable damping |
| CN101109694A (en) * | 2007-08-20 | 2008-01-23 | 沈阳理工大学 | Method for predicting low frequency damping of titanium-nickel shape memory alloy |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| JP特开平5－44772A 1993.02.23 |
| 吴轶，周云，杨春.形状记忆合金减震控制技术的研究与应用.世界地震工程15 2.1999,15(2),40-48. |
| 吴轶,周云,杨春.形状记忆合金减震控制技术的研究与应用.世界地震工程15 2.1999,15(2),40-48. * |
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