CN101386954A - Variable temperature martensite local strengthening austenite low manganese steel hammer head material and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Variable temperature martensite local strengthening austenite low manganese steel hammer head material and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101386954A CN101386954A CNA2008100513628A CN200810051362A CN101386954A CN 101386954 A CN101386954 A CN 101386954A CN A2008100513628 A CNA2008100513628 A CN A2008100513628A CN 200810051362 A CN200810051362 A CN 200810051362A CN 101386954 A CN101386954 A CN 101386954A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a variable temperature martensite locally strengthened austenite manganese steel hammer head material and a preparation technology thereof, wherein a substrate of the material is a metastable austenite with a thinned structure, good toughness and improved work hardening capacity; a strengthened region is provided with a deep cooling martensite with high initial hardness and a small number of metastable martensites; and an intermediate transition region is provided with a mixed structure of the deep cooling martensites and the austenites with gradually changed gradient. The preparation technology comprises the following technological steps: a) design of the compositions of the substrate of manganese steel of metastable austenites; b) modification in a ladle before a furnace; c) direct water toughening after solidification; and d) acquisition of a surface layer or a local martensite transformation gradient strengthened layer. The material is characterized in that the structure of the strengthened layer is the variable temperature martensites (M) with high hardness and a small number of the metastable austenites (A); other parts are provided with the austenites with high toughness; and an intermediate transition layer is provided with a mixed structure of the Ms and the As with gradually changed gradient. Moreover, the preparation technology integrates design of the compositions of the manganese steel of the metastable austenites, the energy-saving heat treatment technology and the short-time local temperature variation treatment technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the austenite low manganese steel hammer head material and the preparation technology thereof of a kind of variable temperature martensite local strengthening of using under each industrial sector abrasive wear operating mode.
Background technology
Hadfield Steel (13%Mn) came out from 1882 so far over 126 years, was most widely used important high-abrasive material always.Be characterized in good toughness but original hardness is low, only just show good wear resistance when producing work hardening, thereby relatively be suitable under the intense impact working condition, using than thump, top layer standing; Other most of operating modes are seemed that then toughness has a surplus and the hardness deficiency, and running-in wear is serious, especially in, the low impact under the abrasive particle wear working condition because of fully work hardening is not wear-resisting.In order when keeping the high mangaenese steel higher toughness, to improve its initial hardness, or improve its in, work hardening capacity under the low gouging abrasion operating mode, people have done number of research projects, as to Cr, the Mo of high mangaenese steel, V, Nb alloying again, dispersion hardening thermal treatment, the tough exploitation of handling back shot peening or explosion hardening and Medium Manganese Steel of water etc.Introduce the second phase hard point and hinder dislocation motion, cause dislocation multiplication can improve the work hardening capacity of manganese steel, and reduce C, Mn content can reduce stabilization of austenite, promote the generation of deformation induced martensite, thereby improve its wear resistance.Reason and wear-resisting mechanism about high mangaenese steel work hardening still have arguement so far, and more realistic explanation is to impact to cause dislocation-stacking fault-martensitic strengthening effect of ε martensite-α or dislocation, fault, strain-induced martensite, mechanical twin and disperse to separate out due to the comprehensive action such as fine carbide.Though these researchs have obtained certain effect, because the constraint of chemical ingredients and thermal treatment process, the raising of its hardness and wear resistance is very limited, and flexible reduces clearly.(Metal Matrix Composites is called for short metal-base composites: MMCs) high ductility, the high tenacity of the high strength, high-wearing feature and the metallic matrix that strengthen constituent element are combined, can provide traditional single-material not available strong, tough bonded excellent comprehensive performances, can solve hardness and flexible contradiction preferably, thereby the service requirements of adopting MMCs to satisfy various working conditions has become the focus that people pay close attention to.But existing composite Materials Design all lays particular emphasis on and traditional adds wild phase and matrix integral body is evenly compound, not only complex process, cost an arm and a leg, and between wild phase and the matrix consistency poor, combine bad, it is many to strengthen constituent element consumption, the toughness of material loss is big, and the high-abrasive material that is used for " having a large capacity and a wide range " obviously is inappropriate.And existing original position TiC
PStrengthening steel, iron base composite material preparation technology mostly prepares proper composition, can separate out solidifying of TiC particulate Fe-C-Ti alloy melt and prepare by one, be that Ti adds in the alloy melting process, its advantage is the TiC that can obtain large volume fraction
pWild phase.But also bring simultaneously some insoluble problems: owing to be to add in the fusion process, the scaling loss of Ti is serious, the melt viscosity height, mobile poor, fill very difficulty of type, so to improve temperature of fusion, not only waste energy but also further increase the scaling loss of Ti.The TiC that generates grow up the time long, particle is thick, influence strengthening effect, reduction material property; Can only be whole compound, cost is higher, the toughness under-reserve is difficult to realizing that in the recent period engineering uses.As there being the people in Austenitic Manganese Steel, to introduce a certain amount of (Fe.Mn.Cr) in recent years
3C or TiC particle wild phase are made particle reinforced steel-base composite material, but poor effect.When the wild phase volume fraction was low, the hardness increase rate was little, and softer austenite is not enough to support hard TiC, and wear resistance improves little; When the wild phase volume fraction was higher, hardness increased, but loss in toughness is serious, and safety in utilization can't guarantee; And because the introducing of wild phase makes complex technical processization, molten steel viscosity heightens, mobile extreme difference, and defective increases, and is difficult to casting.Especially in recent years various alloy prices such as coal, electricity and manganese, chromium rise steadily, therefore, seek rational material and product structure design, the exploitation simple practical production process, under the prerequisite that guarantees service requirements, save the resource and the energy, become the focus and the difficult point of high-abrasive material research field.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art and price rise, press for the present situation of saving resource, the energy, a kind of austenite low manganese steel hammer head material and preparation technology thereof of variable temperature martensite local strengthening is provided.Through redesigning alloying constituent to reduce manganese content; Cast back directly water is tough to save the thermal treatment energy and time loss; Top layer or local liquid nitrogen deep are handled to improve the original hardness at component wear position.Make the austenite (A) on material part easy to wear or top layer that a certain amount of martensitic transformation (M) take place, the tissue at wear-resisting position is made up of a small amount of A of M+, and original hardness raises, and rest part still remains the austenite of high tenacity.Be working-surface one side high rigidity, resistance to wear, and opposite side high tenacity, shock-resistant, its internal microstructure, mechanical property are approximate on macroscopic view to be changed in gradient.So both can satisfy the performance requriements of high rigidity, high tenacity simultaneously, can save the energy and man-hour that manganese alloy resource and long-time high-temperature heat treatment consume again.And realize that easily top layer or partial gradient strengthen.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of austenite low manganese steel hammer head material of variable temperature martensite local strengthening, matrix is the meta austenite of structure refinement, good toughness, work hardening capacity improvement, stiffened region is the higher deep cooling martensite of initial hardness+a small amount of meta austenite, and intermediate transition zone is the deep cooling martensite+austenitic mixed structure of gradient gradual change.
The austenite low manganese steel hammer head material treatment process of described a kind of variable temperature martensite local strengthening is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
A) meta austenite low manganese steel matrix composition design
Adjust C: weight percent is 0.7～1.2%, Mn: weight percent is 5.5～7.5% content, Si: weight percent is≤0.5%, and directly water is tough after cast, obtain the meta austenite structure, the austenite corresponding with this composition is controlled to martensite transformation temperature Ms: between-80 ℃～-30 ℃.
Generally can be after cast directly water is tough in 15-30 minute, the concrete time should be determined according to casting section thickness.
B) ladle endomorphism in stokehold is handled
Alterant is new broken Ti-Fe and RE-Si alloying pellet, add-on respectively is the 0.2-0.6wt.% of molten steel weight, particle size 5-15mm, the molten steel amount for a long time, particle size capping, molten steel amount after a little while, particle size is taken off limit, alterant is through mixing, be placed on ladle bottom after 120 ℃ of preheatings, and composition, molten steel that temperature is suitable are poured.
C) the tough processing of direct water after solidifying
After casting pouring solidifies, as yet not quick shake out during carbide precipitate, remove molding sand, immerse in the water rapidly, suppress carbide and separate out, obtain fully austenitic structure, foundry goods is gone into the setting time of water temp after by cast and is determined.
D) acquisition of top layer or local martensitic transformation gradient strengthening layer
It is cold that liquid nitrogen spray is carried out in the part, and liquid nitrogen boshing or spray deepfreeze are carried out in the top layer, and martensitic quantity is by alloying constituent: carbon and the control of manganese content, the thickness of martensite strengthening layer are then by immersing the liquid nitrogen degree of depth and boshing or spraying cold time length control.
Effect of the present invention
Positively effect of the present invention embodies from following several respects:
1) toughness of choosing voluntarily design preferably the meta austenite low manganese steel as matrix, the higher variable temperature martensite of hardness is as strengthening body, and adopt ladle endomorphism treatment technology to come refine austenite crystal grain, purification crystal boundary, improve the toughness of the few manganese steel of matrix, by pouring into a mould the directly tough processing acquisition of water meta austenitic matrix of back, obtain martensite+wear-resistant strengthening layer of austenitic comparatively ideal by local liquid nitrogen deep processing in short-term again, austenitic work hardening capacity also obviously improves; With hard and tough combining, tissue and performance are the graded of continuous transition on the parts section on the structure; One side high rigidity, resistance to wear, and opposite side high tenacity, shock-resistant, its internal microstructure, mechanical property etc. are approximate on macroscopic view to be changed in gradient, has solved the contradiction of high-abrasive material toughness and hardness preferably.
2) Austenitic Manganese Steel poor thermal conductivity easily produces the thick transcrystalline tissue of crystal grain under the as cast condition.Effectively rotten processing the in stokehold suppressed separating out of carbide, refinement crystal grain, reduce transcrystalline tissue, can improve and compensate the toughness decline that causes owing to the reduction of manganese content.
The tough processing of direct water when 3) cast back casting temperature is reduced to the austenitic area, suppressing carbide separates out, obtain the meta austenite structure, avoided the tough processing of traditional water to heat up for a long time, be incubated, during energy charge and foundry goods be in material unaccounted-for (MUF)s such as the crystal grain that causes in the hot environment is thick, surface oxidation, decarburization for a long time.
4) design of Jie's stable austenite manganese steel, the processing of stokehold modifying-refining, the direct tough energy-conservation thermal treatment of water and local in short-term liquid nitrogen deep being handled martensitic transformation combines, with deep cooling martensite the high tenacity austenitic matrix is implemented part or the reinforcement of top layer gradient, simple to operate, economical and practical, as meet energy-conservation, material-saving, to save time, reduce discharging requirement; Solved low, the not high insoluble problem of wear resistance of tup initial hardness in the traditional method;
5) the installation test confirms, the production grinder hammerhead of adopting new technology, improve 30-100% work-ing life, save manganeseirom 30-50%, shorten the production cycle more than 50%, save thermal treatment expense 300-500 unit/ton foundry goods, this technology is widely used in all kinds of crusher hammer head members of being on active service under the basic, normal, high impact abrasive particle wear working condition condition, and economic benefit and social benefit are all very remarkable.
Description of drawings
1000 ℃ of Solid Solution Microstructure figure of Fig. 1 Fe-C-Mn alloy.
Fig. 2 composite material hammer head matrix area, zone of transition, enhancement region microstructure (directly water tough+sub-zero treatment).
Wherein: Fig. 2 (a) matrix area: meta austenite;
Fig. 2 (b) zone of transition: variable temperature martensite+austenite;
Fig. 2 (c) stiffened region: variable temperature martensite+austenite.
Embodiment
Local strengthening below in conjunction with hammer head of hammer crusher is an example, further specifies particular content of the present invention.
Concrete technological principle of the present invention is: at first carry out the design of alloy of meta Austenitic Manganese Steel, Mn content is reduced to below 7.5% from 13%.Control, adjustment C content make the matrix alloy composition drop on A
InferiorIn (meta austenite) zone, obtain meta austenitic matrix tissue, its martensite transformation temperature M
sBe controlled between-80 ℃～-30 ℃; After the cast, in the time of in casting temperature drops to austenite region, it is immersed fast in the pond that temperature is lower than 30 ℃, carry out the tough processing of direct water, obtain meta austenitic matrix tissue, subsequently, by local liquid nitrogen deep processing in short-term, make the temperature that needs to strengthen the position drop to M
sBelow the point, produce the part martensitic transformation, obtain certain thickness martensite strengthening layer.Martensitic quantity and strengthening layer thickness are by alloy carbon manganese content, the immersion liquid nitrogen degree of depth and boshing, the cold time length control of spray.Wherein C, Mn content are chosen with reference to 1000 ℃ of Solid Solution Microstructure figure of manganese steel (consulting accompanying drawing 1), martensite transformation temperature M
sWith reference to experimental formula: Ms=539-423C-30.4Mn-17.7Ni-12.1Cr-7.5Mo.
The particular content of top layer of the present invention or partial gradient reinforced wear-resistant manganese steel comprises:
The design of meta austenite low manganese steel matrix composition; Stokehold ladle endomorphism is handled; The tough processing of direct water after solidifying; The acquisition of top layer or local martensitic transformation gradient strengthening layer.
The design of meta austenitic manganese steel matrix composition
The composition design of body material should take into account two aspects, and for guaranteeing the safe reliability of novel material use, its matrix at room temperature should be the fully austenitic structure of high tenacity on the one hand; For guaranteeing wear resistance preferably, the matrix austenite should be again that Jie is stable, or is lower than M after solidifying on the other hand
sSub-zero treatment to obtain the martensite strengthening layer.The height of stabilization of austenite generally begins transition temperature M with martensite
sHeight weigh M
sLow more austenite is stable more.According to martensite point calculation formula: M in the manganese steel of document recommendation
s=539-423C-30.4Mn-17.7Ni-12.1Cr-7.5Mo as can be known, C, Mn content are to M
sPoint has the greatest impact, and adjustment C, Mn content can be designed different M
sJie's stable austenite matrix composition of point, its martensite transformation temperature M among the present invention
sBe controlled between-80 ℃～-30 ℃.The approach that obtains Jie's stable austenite matrix is directly water tough (solution treatment) the stable austenite matrix that obtains being situated between of cast back.The inventor studies show that to Fe-C-Mn alloy solid solution processing organization chart at 4～28wt.%Mn, in 0～3wt.%C scope, with the increase of C, Mn content, the Fe-C-Mn alloy is organized and is followed successively by M after 1000 ℃ of solution treatment
α+ A
Residual(two-phase manganese steel), A
Be situated between(Jie's stable austenite manganese steel), A (stable austenite manganese steel) and A+ (FeMn)
3C (Austenitic Manganese Steel that has carbide).
Stokehold ladle endomorphism is handled
Alterant is new broken Ti-Fe and RE-Si alloying pellet, and add-on respectively is the 0.2-0.6wt.% of molten steel weight, particle size 5-15mm, the molten steel amount for a long time, particle size capping, otherwise the limit of taking off.Alterant is through mixing, be placed on ladle bottom after 120 ℃ of preheatings, composition, molten steel that temperature is suitable poured get final product.
The tough processing of direct water after solidifying
Solidify behind the casting pouring certain hour, but temperature is higher, still be in the austenitic temperature interval, as yet not quick shake out during carbide precipitate, remove molding sand, immerse in the water rapidly, suppress carbide and separate out, obtain fully austenitic structure.Foundry goods is gone into water temp and is determined that by the setting time after pouring into a mould for the grinder hammerhead of general wet sand casting, cast back 15-30 minute (the concrete time is determined by the weight and the wall thickness of tup) gets final product the shake out entry; The molding sand of cast(ing) surface is removed totally before the entry, in order to avoid influence speed of cooling as far as possible.
The acquisition of top layer or local martensitic transformation gradient strengthening layer
The acquisition of top layer or local martensitic transformation gradient strengthening layer: local in short-term liquid nitrogen deep facture can be stablized the martensite that obtains some amount and thickness, and matrix toughness is not had influence.Cryogenic treating process is: the part---liquid nitrogen spray is cold, and top layer---liquid nitrogen boshing or spray coldly, martensite quantity and layer thickness are by immersion depth and boshing, the cold time length control of spray.
The wearing and tearing of tup mainly occur in the end, so local martensite strengthening is implemented in its end.
1) tup is made: being mixed with the carbon containing weight percent with steel scrap, high carbon ferromanganese etc. is 0.9-1.0%, contain the furnace charge that manganese is 6.5-7.0%, in induction furnace, adopt the non-oxidizing process melting, with pure Al (adding 0.1%wt.) deoxidation, cast about 1490～1520 ℃, and note feeding;
2) modifying-refining is handled, and crystal grain thinning purifies and the reinforcement crystal boundary.Alterant is new broken 0.3wt.%Ti-Fe and 0.3wt.% RE-Si alloy mixed powder, particle size 5-8mm, and add-on is the 0.6wt.% of molten steel weight, is placed on the bag end through 120 ℃ of preheatings, molten steel pours, and mixes;
3) the directly tough processing of water obtains Jie's stable austenite tissue (the austenitic Ms point of this composition is about-42 ℃).The heavy 5kg of made tup single-piece, 20 in every cover, the quartz sand green casting, thick major part of tup made facing sand with a little amount of titanium iron sand, pours into a mould rapid shake out after 18 minutes, removes molding sand, is thrown in the pond that water temperature is lower than 30 ℃;
4) sub-zero treatment: liquid nitrogen is injected towards being placed down in the plate-like metal vessel in 1 group of 20 tup end after will clearing up, the about 25mm of immersion depth, till sub-zero treatment lasts till that liquid nitrogen is evaporated completely, i.e. bottom deep cooling longer duration, the top time is short, and the martensitic phase variable changes in gradient;
5) tissue, performance: the top layer, end is martensite+a small amount of austenite, and transition layer is martensite+austenite, and the hammer handle end is austenite (respectively distinguishes microstructure and see accompanying drawing 2), and concrete tissue, performance see the following form:
6) result of use: when broken material was the zeolite ore deposit, be more than 1.5 times of former water high-ductility high manganese steel tup (Mn13) work-ing life.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of austenite low manganese steel hammer head material of variable temperature martensite local strengthening, it is characterized in that matrix is the meta austenite of structure refinement, good toughness, work hardening capacity improvement, stiffened region is the higher deep cooling martensite of initial hardness+a small amount of meta austenite, and intermediate transition zone is the deep cooling martensite+austenitic mixed structure of gradient gradual change.
2, the austenite low manganese steel hammer head material treatment process of a kind of variable temperature martensite local strengthening according to claim 1 is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
A) meta austenite low manganese steel matrix composition design
Adjust C: weight percent is 0.7～1.2%, Mn: weight percent is 5.5～7.5% content, Si: weight percent is≤0.5%, and directly water is tough after cast, obtain the meta austenite structure, the austenite corresponding with this composition is controlled to martensite transformation temperature Ms: between-80 ℃～-30 ℃.
B) ladle endomorphism in stokehold is handled
Alterant is new broken Ti-Fe and RE-Si alloying pellet, add-on respectively is the 0.2-0.6wt.% of molten steel weight, particle size 5-15mm, the molten steel amount for a long time, particle size capping, molten steel amount after a little while, particle size is taken off limit, alterant is through mixing, be placed on ladle bottom after 120 ℃ of preheatings, and composition, molten steel that temperature is suitable are poured.
C) the tough processing of direct water after solidifying
After casting pouring solidifies, as yet not quick shake out during carbide precipitate, remove molding sand, immerse in the water rapidly, suppress carbide and separate out, obtain fully austenitic structure, foundry goods is gone into the setting time of water temp after by cast and is determined.
D) acquisition of top layer or local martensitic transformation gradient strengthening layer
It is cold that the liquid nitrogen spray is carried out in the part, and liquid nitrogen boshing or spray deepfreeze are carried out in the top layer, and martensitic quantity is by alloying constituent, carbon and the control of manganese content, and the thickness of martensite strengthening layer is then by immersing the liquid nitrogen degree of depth and boshing or spraying cold time length control.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110184548A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-30 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of method of potassium steel continuous casting billet solidified structure refinement |
| CN110763612A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-02-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for researching influence of martensite on stress corrosion cracking performance of austenitic steel |
| CN115948637A (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-04-11 | 北京理工大学 | Preparation method of large-depth gradient hardened stainless steel plate |
-
2008
- 2008-10-31 CN CNA2008100513628A patent/CN101386954A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110763612A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-02-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for researching influence of martensite on stress corrosion cracking performance of austenitic steel |
| CN110763612B (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2022-10-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for researching influence of martensite on stress corrosion cracking performance of austenitic steel |
| CN110184548A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-30 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of method of potassium steel continuous casting billet solidified structure refinement |
| CN110184548B (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2021-05-07 | 北京科技大学 | Method for refining solidification structure of high manganese steel continuous casting billet |
| CN115948637A (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-04-11 | 北京理工大学 | Preparation method of large-depth gradient hardened stainless steel plate |
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