CN101383409A - Method for preparing porous lithium ionic cell positive pole material - Google Patents

Method for preparing porous lithium ionic cell positive pole material Download PDF

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CN101383409A
CN101383409A CNA2008102334656A CN200810233465A CN101383409A CN 101383409 A CN101383409 A CN 101383409A CN A2008102334656 A CNA2008102334656 A CN A2008102334656A CN 200810233465 A CN200810233465 A CN 200810233465A CN 101383409 A CN101383409 A CN 101383409A
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lithium
iron phosphate
lithium iron
phosphate
mixed solution
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CN100583506C (en
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姚耀春
戴永年
杨斌
梁风
易惠华
李永梅
胡成林
于逢捷
廖文明
秦博
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing the cathode material for a porous lithium ion battery. The method takes ferric salt, lithium salt and phosphate as the raw materials, as well as templating agent as the template, and the raw materials are loaded into a vessel through blending and crystallized at the temperature of 60-80 DEG C, and then hydro-thermal reaction is performed for one to seven days, the raw materials are distilled to dry and then heated to 600 to 800 DEG C under the protective atmosphere and sintered for 10 to 24 hours at constant temperature, and the porous lithium iron phosphate can be obtained when the raw materials are naturally cooled to room temperature in the furnace. The preparation method can effectively control the particle diameter of the obtained lithium iron phosphate, the lithium iron phosphate can be directly synthesized into nano-lithium iron phosphate/carbon composite material, and the size of the particle diameter of the product is between 300-700 nanometers; the existence of the regular nanometer pore space of the obtained porous lithium iron phosphate material can enhance the diffusibility and the electrical conductivity as well as the electrochemical property of the porous lithium iron phosphate material; in addition, the damage of the sown structure of the material due to volume expansion during the cycle process can be reduced, and the cycle life of the battery is ensured.

Description

A kind of method for preparing porous lithium ionic cell positive pole material
One, technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of method for preparing porous lithium ionic cell positive pole material, belong to technical field of material.
Two, background technology:
Along with rising steadily of oil price, energy problem becomes increasingly conspicuous.People are seeking various new alternative energy sources, have got more and more people's extensive concerning with its unique advantage since occurring as the lithium ion battery of new forms of energy.Lithium ion battery has the voltage height, and specific energy is big, and is pollution-free, memory-less effect, advantages such as life-span length are widely used in mobile phone, digital camera, portable electronics devices such as notebook computer, simultaneously as the alternative energy source of oil on electric motor car and hybrid electric vehicle also with large-scale application.
As the positive electrode of lithium ion battery, study at present and more be following four kinds and contain the lithium inorganic salts, cobalt acid lithium (LiCoO 2), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2), LiMn2O4 (LiMn 2O 4), LiFePO4 (LiFePO 4).The cobalt acid lithium (LiCoO that wherein is most widely used 2) positive electrode, certainly will be because of costing an arm and a leg, cobalt is poisonous, its large-scale application from now on of drawbacks limit such as poor safety performance; Lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2) the preparation difficulty, poor heat stability; LiMn2O4 (LiMn 2O 4) capacity low, cycle performance is poor.And the LiFePO4 (LiFePO of olivine shape 4) compare following advantage as the positive electrode of lithium ion battery with other material: (1) has the theoretical capacity of 170mAh/g; (2) has the discharge platform of 3.4V (to Li/Li +Current potential) range of application of organic electrolyte is enlarged greatly; (3) good reversibility of electrode reaction; (4) thermal stability and chemical stability are very high, and be safe in utilization; (5) cost of material is low, and is nontoxic.Got more and more people's extensive concerning by since the Padhi report from 1997, and be considered to potential on electrokinetic cell is used.
But LiFePO 4Two subject matters that exist: the one, the diffusion coefficient of ion is low; The 2nd, electronic conductivity is low, and the two causes high-rate discharge ability poor, and reversible specific capacity is low, has limited its large-scale application.Many researchers have carried out many study on the modification by the whole bag of tricks to it, but are difficult to overcome fully LiFePO 4Shortcoming, reach optimum efficiency.
And the synthesizing porous battery material of template has great role for the performance of improving battery material.Because the poroid structure that is cross-linked with each other provides more lithium ion activity site, guaranteed that ion has diffusion preferably, the migration for solid-state electronic simultaneously provides good conductivity.Can alleviate the structural damage of the material that causes because of volumetric expansion in the cyclic process own in addition, guarantee the cycle life of battery, improve the performance of electrode material heavy-current discharge.
Three, summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method for preparing porous lithium ionic cell positive pole material; with molysite, lithium salts and phosphate is raw material, is template with the template, in the crystallization bottle of packing into after batching; make evaporate to dryness after its hydro-thermal reaction, sintering just obtains the poroid LiFePO4 of nanometer under protective atmosphere.
The present invention implements by following technical scheme:
1) template is dissolved in the water, is stirred to dissolving fully, forming concentration is the solution of 0.002-0.02mol/L;
2) adding mass percentage concentration in above-mentioned solution is the ammoniacal liquor of 20-25%, and the ammoniacal liquor of adding and the mol ratio of template are 0.1-2, and stirring and evenly mixing, gets mixed solution 1;
3) in mixed solution 1, add molysite, the concentration of molysite in mixed liquor 1 is 0.05-0.5mol/L, stirs 2-6 hour, makes their concentration in mixed liquor be 0.05-0.5mol/L to wherein adding lithium salts and phosphate again, stirred 2-8 hour, and got mixed solution 2;
4) mixed solution 2 is transferred in the container, under 60-80 ℃ temperature, makes its crystallization hydro-thermal reaction 1-7 days;
5) mixed solution 2 that hydro-thermal reaction is obtained in drying box in 80 ℃ of following evaporates to dryness to water content less than 5wt%;
6) product of gained evaporate to dryness places tube furnace, under protective atmosphere, is warming up to 600-800 ℃, and constant temperature sintering 10-24 hour naturally cools to the LiFePO4 that room temperature just obtains porous in stove.
Described template comprises a kind of in cetyl trimethyl ammonia bromide, polyethylene glycol and polyvinylether-polypropylene ether-polyvinylether triblock copolymer (P123); Described lithium salts is a kind of in lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate and the lithium dihydrogen phosphate; Described molysite is a kind of in ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate, the iron chloride; Phosphate is a kind of in phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and the diammonium hydrogen phosphate.Protective atmosphere can be the mist of argon gas or hydrogen and argon gas.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect
(1) this preparation method can control gained LiFePO effectively 4The size of particle diameter, the lithium iron phosphate of direct synthesis nano, the particle size of product is between the 300-700 nanometer; (2) existence of gained porous calcium phosphate iron lithium material rule nanoaperture can improve its diffusion and conductivity, overcomes LiFePO just fully 4Shortcoming, improve its chemical property, make it be more suitable for heavy-current discharge; (3) this technology has reduced synthetic cost and energy consumption, and is pollution-free, is easy to practice industrial.
Four, description of drawings: Fig. 1 is the crystalline phase analysis result of embodiment 1 products obtained therefrom; Fig. 2 is the electron microscopic observation result of embodiment 1 products obtained therefrom.
Five, embodiment
Embodiment 1: take by weighing the cetyl trimethyl ammonia bromide, be dissolved in the deionized water, heating is dissolved it fully, forming concentration is the solution of 0.015mol/L, to wherein adding mass percent is 25% ammoniacal liquor, the mol ratio of ammoniacal liquor and cetyl trimethyl ammonia bromide is 1, mix mixed solution 1, surveying pH value is 11; Add iron chloride in mixed solution 1, making the concentration of iron chloride in mixed liquor is 0.05mol/L, stirs 3 hours, makes their concentration in mixed liquor be 0.3mol/L to wherein adding lithium dihydrogen phosphate and phosphoric acid again, stirs 4 hours, gets mixed solution 2; Mixed solution 2 is transferred in the container, and hydro-thermal reaction is 2 days under 60 ℃ temperature; The mixed solution 2 that hydro-thermal reaction is obtained in drying box in 80 ℃ of following evaporates to dryness, to water content less than 5%; The product of gained evaporate to dryness places tube furnace, is that the speed with 5 ℃/min is warmed up to 300 ℃ under the protective atmosphere at the mist of argon gas and hydrogen (H2 accounts for 5%), constant temperature 3 hours.Speed with 5 ℃/min is warmed up to 700 ℃ subsequently, and constant temperature 18h is cooled to room temperature.Resulting as can be seen through X-ray diffracting spectrum (Fig. 1) is the LiFePO4 material of pure phase, by electron scanning micrograph (Fig. 2) gained LiFePO4 particle diameter comparison rule as can be seen, size is between the 300-500 nanometer, through BET test shows specific area is 53.9m2/g, proves that products obtained therefrom is a porous calcium phosphate iron lithium.
Embodiment 2: take by weighing polyethylene glycol and be dissolved in the deionized water, and make its mixing with magnetic agitation, forming concentration is the solution of 0.02mol/L, to wherein adding mass percent is 25% ammoniacal liquor, making the ammoniacal liquor of adding and the mol ratio of polyethylene glycol is 1.5, and stirring and evenly mixing, gets mixed solution 1; Add ferric nitrate in mixed solution, the concentration of ferric nitrate in mixed liquor is 0.4mol/L, stirs 5 hours, makes their concentration in mixed liquor be 0.2mol/L to wherein adding lithium hydroxide and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate again, stirs 6 hours, gets mixed solution 2; Mixed solution 2 is transferred in the container, under 80 ℃ temperature, makes its hydro-thermal reaction 2 days; The mixed solution 2 that hydro-thermal reaction is obtained in drying box in 80 ℃ of following evaporates to dryness, to water content less than 5%; Products therefrom is put into tube type resistance furnace, is that the speed with 5 ℃/min is warmed up to 700 ℃ under the protective atmosphere at argon gas, and constant temperature 10h is cooled to room temperature.The porous calcium phosphate iron lithium particle size of preparing is between the 600-700 nanometer, and specific area is 60.2m 2The porous calcium phosphate iron lithium of/g.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of method for preparing porous lithium ionic cell positive pole material is characterized in that: it is implemented by following technical scheme,
1) template is dissolved in the water, is stirred to dissolving fully, forming concentration is the solution of 0.002-0.02mol/L;
2) adding mass percentage concentration in above-mentioned solution is the ammoniacal liquor of 20-25%, and the ammoniacal liquor of adding and the mol ratio of template are 0.1-2, and stirring and evenly mixing, gets mixed solution 1;
3) in mixed solution 1, add molysite, the concentration of molysite in mixed liquor 1 is 0.05-0.5mol/L, stirs 2-6 hour, makes their concentration in mixed liquor be 0.05-0.5mol/L to wherein adding lithium salts and phosphate again, stirred 2-8 hour, and got mixed solution 2;
4) mixed solution 2 is transferred in the container, under 60-80 ℃ temperature, makes its crystallization hydro-thermal reaction 1-7 days;
5) mixed solution 2 that hydro-thermal reaction is obtained in drying box in 80 ℃ of following evaporates to dryness to water content less than 5wt%;
6) product of gained evaporate to dryness places tube furnace, under protective atmosphere, is warming up to 600-800 ℃, and constant temperature sintering 10-24 hour naturally cools to the LiFePO4 that room temperature just obtains porous in stove.
2, the method for preparing porous lithium ionic cell positive pole material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described template comprises a kind of in cetyl trimethyl ammonia bromide, polyethylene glycol and polyvinylether-polypropylene ether-polyvinylether triblock copolymer; Described lithium salts is a kind of in lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate and the lithium dihydrogen phosphate; Described molysite is a kind of in ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate, the iron chloride; Phosphate is a kind of in phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and the diammonium hydrogen phosphate.
3, the method for preparing porous lithium ionic cell positive pole material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described protective atmosphere is the mist of argon gas or hydrogen and argon gas.
CN200810233465A 2008-10-22 2008-10-22 Method for preparing porous lithium ion battery cathode material Expired - Fee Related CN100583506C (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102208614A (en) * 2011-04-26 2011-10-05 中国矿业大学 Method for preparing lithium ion battery cathode material coated iron sesquioxide
CN103441239A (en) * 2013-07-22 2013-12-11 彩虹集团公司 Synthetic method for nanoscale ternary cathode material
CN109103444A (en) * 2018-08-30 2018-12-28 上海力信能源科技有限责任公司 A kind of LiMPO4The preparation method of In-situ reaction graphene
CN110249460A (en) * 2017-02-02 2019-09-17 魁北克电力公司 Electrode material comprising the composite oxides with olivine structural, electrode and solid state battery
CN111217406A (en) * 2020-01-13 2020-06-02 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 Positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof
US11021367B2 (en) 2013-11-26 2021-06-01 Sk Innovation Co., Ltd. Lithium composite phosphate-based compound and preparation method therefor
CN113991120A (en) * 2021-12-27 2022-01-28 湖南长远锂科股份有限公司 Lithium iron phosphate anode material and preparation method thereof
CN114275755A (en) * 2021-12-14 2022-04-05 河源职业技术学院 Method for preparing lithium iron phosphate by taking eggshell inner membrane as template

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102208614A (en) * 2011-04-26 2011-10-05 中国矿业大学 Method for preparing lithium ion battery cathode material coated iron sesquioxide
CN103441239A (en) * 2013-07-22 2013-12-11 彩虹集团公司 Synthetic method for nanoscale ternary cathode material
US11021367B2 (en) 2013-11-26 2021-06-01 Sk Innovation Co., Ltd. Lithium composite phosphate-based compound and preparation method therefor
CN110249460A (en) * 2017-02-02 2019-09-17 魁北克电力公司 Electrode material comprising the composite oxides with olivine structural, electrode and solid state battery
CN110249460B (en) * 2017-02-02 2022-11-25 魁北克电力公司 Electrode material containing composite oxide having olivine structure, electrode, and solid-state battery
CN109103444A (en) * 2018-08-30 2018-12-28 上海力信能源科技有限责任公司 A kind of LiMPO4The preparation method of In-situ reaction graphene
CN111217406A (en) * 2020-01-13 2020-06-02 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 Positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof
CN111217406B (en) * 2020-01-13 2024-03-12 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 Positive electrode material, preparation method and application thereof
CN114275755A (en) * 2021-12-14 2022-04-05 河源职业技术学院 Method for preparing lithium iron phosphate by taking eggshell inner membrane as template
CN113991120A (en) * 2021-12-27 2022-01-28 湖南长远锂科股份有限公司 Lithium iron phosphate anode material and preparation method thereof
CN113991120B (en) * 2021-12-27 2022-03-22 湖南长远锂科股份有限公司 Lithium iron phosphate anode material and preparation method thereof

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